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entropy and is h times the number of bits in the message." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polish morphology-Word formation-Formation of verbs from nouns using the suffix -owa\u0107 (as in kolorowa\u0107 \"to colour\" from kolor \"colour\"; organizowa\u0107 \"to organize\", cf. organizacja \"organization\").\nFormation of adjectives from nouns using suffixes such as -owy, -ny, -ski and -i (as in koci \"cat'... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Grouper social club-Communication with users-Grouper featured real-time customer relationship management (CRM). The service also granted users direct contact with the director of membership experience, who engaged users with personalized reminder texts and bits of advice for success on Groupers.The member experience t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Formal proof-Background-Interpretations An interpretation of a formal system is the assignment of meanings to the symbols, and truth values to the sentences of a formal system. The study of interpretations is called formal semantics. Giving an interpretation is synonymous with constructing a model." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Trusted path-Examples-Electronic signature In Common Criteria and European Union electronic signature standards trusted path and trusted channel describe techniques that prevent interception or tampering with sensitive data as it passes through various system components: trusted path \u2014 protects data from the user... | large_corpus_distillation |
of , thought of as a random variable on with probability measure defined by . On the other hand,\n1 \u222bth(X )ds s\u21a6h(X ) [0,t]\nt 0 s is the average of the time function s on the interval . So the ergodic theorem states that the limiting\ntime average on the left is the same as the spatial average on the right.\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Terminal and nonterminal symbols-Production rules-A finite set P of production rules, each rule of the form (\u03a3\u222aN)\u2217N(\u03a3\u222aN)\u2217\u2192(\u03a3\u222aN)\u2217 where \u2217 is the Kleene star operator and \u222a denotes set union, so (\u03a3\u222aN)\u2217 represents zero or more symbols, and N mea... | large_corpus_distillation |
"GIF-Example GIF file-If the symbol width is n, the codes of width n+1 fall naturally into two blocks: the lower block of 2n codes for coding single symbols, and the upper block of 2n codes that will be used by the decoder for sequences of length greater than one. Of that upper block, the first two codes are already ta... | large_corpus_distillation |
write update protocol tends to, at times, keep the values of the block updated for longer than necessary, which will lead to an increase in other types of misses, i.e. conflict and capacity misses." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Delphi (software)-Features-Strings can be concatenated by using the '+' operator, rather than using functions. For dedicated string types, Delphi handles memory management without programmer intervention. Since Borland Developer Studio 2006, there are functions to locate memory leaks." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bibliogram-Bibliogram-A bibliogram is a graphical representation of the frequency of certain target words, usually noun phrases, in a given text. The term was introduced in 2005 by Howard D. White to name the linguistic object studied, but not previously named, in informetrics, scientometrics and bibliometrics. The no... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Grain (cipher)-Performance-The cipher is designed to allow up to 16 rounds to be carried out in parallel, allowing faster implementations at the cost of greater hardware use." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Advice (complexity)-Advice (complexity)-Similarly, the class L/poly can be defined as deterministic logspace with a polynomial amount of advice.\nKnown results include: The classes NL/poly and UL/poly are the same, i.e. nondeterministic logarithmic space computation with advice can be made unambiguous. This may be pro... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cut (graph theory)-Minimum cut-A cut is minimum if the size or weight of the cut is not larger than the size of any other cut. The illustration on the right shows a minimum cut: the size of this cut is 2, and there is no cut of size 1 because the graph is bridgeless.\nThe max-flow min-cut theorem proves that the maxim... | large_corpus_distillation |
of 0110 is 1001.\nCombining these, the first 8 elements are 01101001.\nAnd so on.So T0 = 0.\nT1 = 01.\nT2 = 0110.\nT3 = 01101001.\nT4 = 0110100110010110.\nT5 = 01101001100101101001011001101001.\nT6 = 0110100110010110100101100110100110010110011010010110100110010110.\nAnd so on.\nInfinite product The sequence can also be... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kernel (category theory)-Definition-Not every morphism needs to have a kernel, but if it does, then all its kernels are isomorphic in a strong sense: if k : K \u2192 X and \u2113 : L \u2192 X are kernels of f : X \u2192 Y, then there exists a unique isomorphism \u03c6 : K \u2192 L such that \u2113\u2218\u03c6 = k." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Author-level metrics-List of metrics-c-index The c-index accounts not only for the citations but for the quality of the citations in terms of the collaboration distance between citing and cited authors. A scientist has c-index n if n of [his/her] N citations are from authors which are at collaboration distance at leas... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shape-Shape-A shape or figure is a graphical representation of an object or its external boundary, outline, or external surface, as opposed to other properties such as color, texture, or material type.\nA plane shape or plane figure is constrained to lie on a plane, in contrast to solid 3D shapes.\nA two-dimensional s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Divergence (statistics)-Examples-f-divergences Given a convex function f:[0,+\u221e)\u2192(\u2212\u221e,+\u221e] such that lim t\u21920+f(t),f(1)=0 , the f-divergence generated by f is defined as Df(p,q)=\u222bp(x)f(q(x)p(x))dx Bregman divergences Bregman divergences correspond to convex functions on convex sets. G... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Method of conditional probabilities-Example using conditional expectations-3. Among these vertices, if more are black than white, then color u white.\n4. Otherwise, color u black.\nBecause of its derivation, this deterministic algorithm is guaranteed to cut at least half the edges of the given graph. (This makes it a ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software testing tactics-Continuous testing-Continuous testing is the process of executing automated tests as part of the software delivery pipeline to obtain immediate feedback on the business risks associated with a software release candidate. Continuous testing includes the validation of both functional requirement... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Batch normalization-Theoretical Understanding-The variance term can be simplified such that varx[xTw]=wTSw . Assume that x has zero mean and \u03b2 can be omitted, then it follows that fBN(w,\u03b3)=Ex[\u03d5(\u03b3xTw(wTSw)1/2)] , where (wTSw)12 is the induced norm of S , ||w||s Hence, it could be concluded tha... | large_corpus_distillation |
"211 (number)-211 (number)-211 (two hundred [and] eleven) is the natural number following 210 and preceding 212. It is also a prime number." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Germ (mathematics)-Algebraic properties-This ring is also not a unique factorization domain. This is because all UFDs satisfy the ascending chain condition on principal ideals, but there is an infinite ascending chain of principal ideals \u22ef\u228a(x\u2212j+1f(x))\u228a(x\u2212jf(x))\u228a(x\u2212j\u22121f(x))\u228a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software prototyping-Advantages-There are many advantages to using prototyping in software development \u2013 some tangible, some abstract.Reduced time and costs: Prototyping can improve the quality of requirements and specifications provided to developers. Because changes cost exponentially more to implement as they ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Block cipher-Design-Frequently, key whitening is used in addition to this. At the beginning and the end, the data is modified with key material (often with XOR, but simple arithmetic operations like adding and subtracting are also used): M0=M\u2295K0 Mi=RKi(Mi\u22121);i=1\u2026r C=Mr\u2295Kr+1 Given one of the standar... | large_corpus_distillation |
also suggested that the above approximation be applied to observations that are reordered lexicographically using their spatial coordinates. While his simple method has many weaknesses, it reduced the computational complexity to O(nk3) . Many of its deficiencies were addressed by the subsequent generalizations." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mean squared error-Mean squared error-In statistics, the mean squared error (MSE) or mean squared deviation (MSD) of an estimator (of a procedure for estimating an unobserved quantity) measures the average of the squares of the errors\u2014that is, the average squared difference between the estimated values and the ac... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Database index-Types of indexes-Dense index A dense index in databases is a file with pairs of keys and pointers for every record in the data file. Every key in this file is associated with a particular pointer to a record in the sorted data file.\nIn clustered indices with duplicate keys, the dense index points to th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"This (computer programming)-Subtleties and difficulties-In some compilers (for example GCC), pointers to C++ instance methods can be directly cast to a pointer of another type, with an explicit this pointer parameter." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Verifiable random function-Verifiable random function-In cryptography, a verifiable random function (VRF) is a public-key pseudorandom function that provides proofs that its outputs were calculated correctly. The owner of the secret key can compute the function value as well as an associated proof for any input value.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Community informatics-Understanding communities-Community as a place A group of people may form a community according to the place in which they live, enjoy staying, and work. They usually participate in communities within these three places since they gather together on consistent basis so that it is highly expected ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Play-by-post role-playing game-Mediums-The style of role-playing on Livejournal style RPB's is maintained through \"community\" blogs that connect \"character blogs or journals.\" Character Blogs/Journals are generally written in first-person character driven context. These character journals are then open to all play... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Singular value decomposition-Intuitive interpretations-The columns of U and V are orthonormal bases Since U and V\u204e are unitary, the columns of each of them form a set of orthonormal vectors, which can be regarded as basis vectors. The matrix M maps the basis vector Vi to the stretched unit vector \u03c3i Ui. By t... | large_corpus_distillation |
a Z-group, and in particular must be a metacyclic group: this means it is the extension of two cyclic groups. If a Frobenius complement H is not solvable then Zassenhaus showed that it has a normal subgroup of index 1 or 2 that is the product of SL(2,5) and a metacyclic group of order coprime to 30. In particular, if a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Glossary of meteorology-W-water vapor Water in its gaseous state. Water vapor is ubiquitous in the atmosphere, being continuously generated by evaporation and removed by condensation, and plays a major role in numerous meteorological processes.\nwaterspout weak echo region (WER) weather The state of the atmosphere at ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fuze-Fuze-A fuze is a device that detonates a munition's explosive material under specified conditions. In addition, a fuze will have safety and arming mechanisms that protect users from premature or accidental detonation. For example, an artillery fuze's battery is activated by the high acceleration of cannon launch,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"First-order logic-Deductive systems-A key property of deductive systems is that they are purely syntactic, so that derivations can be verified without considering any interpretation. Thus a sound argument is correct in every possible interpretation of the language, regardless of whether that interpretation is about ma... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Metric tensor-Components of the metric-For this reason, the system of quantities gij[f] is said to transform covariantly with respect to changes in the frame f.\nMetric in coordinates A system of n real-valued functions (x1, ..., xn), giving a local coordinate system on an open set U in M, determines a basis of vector... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bluetooth stack-General-purpose implementations-Windows 7 supports Bluetooth 2.1+EDR (like Windows Vista). Windows 7 introduces Secure Simple Pairing, Extended Inquiry Response and other UI and USB Bluetooth radio installation improvements. Secure Simple Pairing auto determines the best pairing method, Extended Inquir... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hill climbing-Hill climbing-In numerical analysis, hill climbing is a mathematical optimization technique which belongs to the family of local search. It is an iterative algorithm that starts with an arbitrary solution to a problem, then attempts to find a better solution by making an incremental change to the solutio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Input/output automaton-Execution and trace-The set of executions of A is represented by execs(A). A reachable state in I/O automaton A is the final state of a finite execution of A." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gauss\u2013Newton algorithm-Example-The Jacobian Jr of the vector of residuals ri with respect to the unknowns \u03b2j is a 7\u00d72 matrix with the i -th row having the entries Starting with the initial estimates of 0.9 and 0.2 , after five iterations of the Gauss\u2013Newton algorithm, the optimal values 0.3... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cipher runes-Cipher runes-Cipher runes, or cryptic runes, are the cryptographical replacement of the letters of the runic alphabet." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Blancmange curve-Properties-Differentiability For values of the parameter 0<w<1/2 the Takagi function Tw is differentiable in classical sense at any x\u2208R which is not a dyadic rational. Precisely, by derivation under the sign of series, for any non dyadic rational x\u2208R one finds Tw\u2032(x)=\u2211n=0\u221... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cipher security summary-Cipher security summary-This article summarizes publicly known attacks against block ciphers and stream ciphers. Note that there are perhaps attacks that are not publicly known, and not all entries may be up to date." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bedtime story-Contemporary bedtime stories-In the modern age many adults use bedtime stories to fall asleep. The app Calm is used by many for this purpose." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Misra\u2013Gries summary-Properties-Every item which occurs more than n/k times is guaranteed to appear in the output array. Therefore, in a second pass over the data, the exact frequencies for the k\u22121 items can be computed to solve the frequent items problem, or in the case of k=2, the majority problem. With the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Windows Update-Clients-Unlike its predecessor, Automatic Updates can download and install updates. Instead of the five-minute schedule used by its predecessor, Automatic Updates checks the Windows Update servers once a day. After Windows Me is installed, a notification balloon prompts the user to configure the Automat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Genome architecture mapping-Data analysis methods-Cosegregation, or linkage, can be determined by observing how often two genomic loci appear together in the same nuclear profile. This data can show which loci are physically close to each other in 3D space, and which loci interact with each other regularly, which can ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Birthday problem-Other birthday problems-Same birthday as you In the birthday problem, neither of the two people is chosen in advance. By contrast, the probability q(n) that someone in a room of n other people has the same birthday as a particular person (for example, you) is given by 365 365 )n and for general d by q... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fano's inequality-Fano's inequality-Let the random variables X and Y represent input and output messages with a joint probability P(x,y) . Let e represent an occurrence of error; i.e., that X\u2260X~ , with X~=f(Y) being an approximate version of X . Fano's inequality is log \u2061(|X|\u22121), where X denotes... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Inflation hedge-Overview-Inflation can impact investment decisions by making it difficult to predict future prices. This makes it risky to invest in certain assets, such as commodities, that may be impacted by inflation." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Boschloo's test-Setting-An example for the third case can be constructed as follows: Simultaneously flip two distinguishable coins A and B and do this n times. If we count the number of results in our 2x2 table (1 = head, 0 = tail), we neither know in advance how often coin A shows head or tail (row sums random), ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nanocomputer-Future computers with features smaller than 10 nanometers-Die shrink has been more or less continuous since around 1970. A few years later, the 6 \u03bcm process allowed the making of desktop computers, known as microcomputers. Moore's Law in the next 40 years brought features 1/100th the size, or ten tho... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Function (computer programming)-Call stack-This overhead is most obvious and objectionable in leaf procedures or leaf functions, which return without making any procedure calls themselves. To reduce that overhead, many modern compilers try to delay the use of a call stack until it is really needed. For example, the ca... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hopscotch hashing-Hopscotch hashing-One advantage of hopscotch hashing is that it provides good performance at very high table load factors, even ones exceeding 0.9. Part of this efficiency is due to using a linear probe only to find an empty slot during insertion, not for every lookup as in the original linear probin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Extensible Authentication Protocol-Methods-EAP Internet Key Exchange v. 2 (EAP-IKEv2) EAP Internet Key Exchange v. 2 (EAP-IKEv2) is an EAP method based on the Internet Key Exchange protocol version 2 (IKEv2). It provides mutual authentication and session key establishment between an EAP peer and an EAP server. It supp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ambigram-Characteristics-There is no limitation to the number of words potentially associable, and full ambigram sentences have even been published." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nothing-up-my-sleeve number-Counterexamples-Dual_EC_DRBG, a NIST-recommended cryptographic pseudo-random bit generator, came under criticism in 2007 because constants recommended for use in the algorithm could have been selected in a way that would permit their author to predict future outputs given a sample of past g... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linux-History-Linux's greatest success in the consumer market is perhaps the mobile device market, with Android being the dominant operating system on smartphones and very popular on tablets and, more recently, on wearables. Linux gaming is also on the rise with Valve showing its support for Linux and rolling out Stea... | large_corpus_distillation |
regardless of whether the parts can be executed in parallel.:\u200a1\u200aFor example, concurrent processes can be executed on one core by interleaving the execution steps of each process via time-sharing slices: only one process runs at a time, and if it does not complete during its time slice, it is paused, another p... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modchip-Function and construction-Memory cards or cartridges that offer functions similar to modchips work on a completely different concept, namely by exploiting flaws in the system's handling of media. Such devices are not referred to as modchips, even if they are frequently traded under this umbrella term." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Readability-Popular readability formulas-To apply the formula: Select several 100-word samples throughout the text.\nCompute the average sentence length in words (divide the number of words by the number of sentences).\nCompute the percentage of words NOT on the Dale\u2013Chall word list of 3,000 easy words.\nCompute ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Element (category theory)-Properties of morphisms-Many properties of morphisms can be restated in terms of points. For example, a map f is said to be a monomorphism if For all maps g , h , if f\u2218g=f\u2218h then g=h .Suppose f:B\u2192C and g,h:A\u2192B in C. Then g and h are A-valued points of B, and therefo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Law of total covariance-Proof-The law of total covariance can be proved using the law of total expectation: First, cov \u2061(X,Y)=E\u2061[XY]\u2212E\u2061[X]E\u2061[Y] from a simple standard identity on covariances. Then we apply the law of total expectation by conditioning on the random variable Z: =E\u2061[E\u2061[... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rate limiting-Protocol servers-Protocol servers using a request / response model, such as FTP servers or typically Web servers may use a central in-memory key-value database, like Redis or Aerospike, for session management. A rate limiting algorithm is used to check if the user session (or IP address) has to be limite... | large_corpus_distillation |
"C4.5 algorithm-Algorithm-This algorithm has a few base cases.\nAll the samples in the list belong to the same class. When this happens, it simply creates a leaf node for the decision tree saying to choose that class.\nNone of the features provide any information gain. In this case, C4.5 creates a decision node higher ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Phoner-Phoner-Both programs use the Session Initiation Protocol for VoIP call signalisation. Calls are supported via server-based infrastructure or direct IP to IP. Media streams are transmitted via the Real-time Transport Protocol which may be encrypted with the Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP) and the ZRTP... | large_corpus_distillation |
Phrase structure showing NEG raising - from lower to upper position This tree illustrates how NEG can be raised from the embedded clause to the Matrix clause; thus it can be pronounced in the higher position while retaining its scope from the lower position." | large_corpus_distillation |
of where the clusters are in the data).\nThe resulting algorithm is known as the Expectation Maximization algorithm (EM for short)\nand applies to all mixture models and beyond. For Gaussian mixtures, the EM-algorithm\ncan be written as\n(Step 0) Initialize the Gaussian mixture, i.e., specify \u03b8(0). A simple initia... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pareto distribution-Related distributions-This can be shown using the standard change-of-variable techniques: Pr Pr log Pr (X<xmey)=1\u2212(xmxmey)\u03b1=1\u2212e\u2212\u03b1y.\nThe last expression is the cumulative distribution function of an exponential distribution with rate \u03b1." | large_corpus_distillation |
kinds of processing units (phonemes, words) in isolated layers, allowing activated units to pass information between layers, and having units within layers compete with one another, until the \u201cwinner\u201d is considered \u201crecognized\u201d by the model." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Anatomical terms of location-Specific animals and other organisms-Asymmetrical and spherical organisms In organisms with a changeable shape, such as amoeboid organisms, most directional terms are meaningless, since the shape of the organism is not constant and no distinct axes are fixed. Similarly, in spherically symm... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computer representation of surfaces-Regions-Faces Surfaces and surface patches can only be trimmed at U and V flow lines. To overcome this severe limitation, surface faces allow a surface to be limited to a series of boundaries projected onto the surface in any orientation, so long as those boundaries are collectively... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gift basket-Literature-Phillips, Diane (2005). The Perfect Basket. Harvard Common Press. ISBN 1-55832-294-9." | large_corpus_distillation |
of points increases, the quality of the maximum likelihood solution\nimproves but may be hard to find with the EM algorithm. A large number of training points\nalso makes it easier to find the maximum likelihood solution. We could therefore roughly\nspeaking divide the clustering problem into three regimes depending on... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Machine-readable dictionary-Machine-readable dictionary-The term MRD is often contrasted with NLP dictionary, in the sense that an MRD is the electronic form of a dictionary which was printed before on paper. Although being both used by programs, in contrast, the term NLP dictionary is preferred when the dictionary wa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Higher-order singular value decomposition-Interpretation-The following geometric interpretation is valid for both the full and compact HOSVD. Let (R1,R2,\u2026,RM) be the multilinear rank of the tensor A . Since S\u2208CR1\u00d7R2\u00d7\u22ef\u00d7RM is a multidimensional array, we can expand it as followswhere er... | large_corpus_distillation |
differed significantly on all three factors, and there were significant main effects for age on all three scales as well." | large_corpus_distillation |
places, notify about the weather, turn up the latest headlines and news on the user's personal interests, a \"do not disturb me\" feature named Quiet hours which can set exceptions for contacts in the user's inner circle, predict sports events and tell jokes. For users who enabled Cortana Bing Audio/Bing Music remains ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Deepfake-Deepfake-Deepfakes (portmanteau of \"deep learning\" and \"fake\") are synthetic media that have been digitally manipulated to replace one person's likeness convincingly with that of another. Deepfakes are the manipulation of facial appearance through deep generative methods. While the act of creating fake co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"QIP (complexity)-QIP (complexity)-By restricting the number of messages used in the protocol to at most k, we get the complexity class QIP(k). QIP and QIP(k) were introduced by John Watrous, who along with Kitaev proved in a later paper that QIP = QIP(3), which shows that 3 messages are sufficient to simulate a polyno... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Streaming algorithm-Lower bounds-Lower bounds have been computed for many of the data streaming problems that have been studied. By far, the most common technique for computing these lower bounds has been using communication complexity." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Syntax-Topics-Grammatical relations Another description of a language considers the set of possible grammatical relations in a language or in general and how they behave in relation to one another in the morphosyntactic alignment of the language. The description of grammatical relations can also reflect transitivity, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Feistel cipher-Construction details-Other uses The Feistel construction is also used in cryptographic algorithms other than block ciphers. For example, the optimal asymmetric encryption padding (OAEP) scheme uses a simple Feistel network to randomize ciphertexts in certain asymmetric-key encryption schemes.\nA general... | large_corpus_distillation |
polynomial-time many-one reduction onto the PP algorithm, NP is included in PP. Because PP is closed under complement, it also includes co-NP." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Advantage (cryptography)-Examples-Example 1: Guess at random Call this adversary A0. It simply flips a coin and returns 1 or 0 with equal probability and without making any oracle calls. Thus, Pr[A0(F)=1] and Pr[A0(G)=1] are both 0.5. The difference between these probabilities is zero, so Adv(A0) is zero. The same thi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Singular value decomposition-Applications of the SVD-Nearest orthogonal matrix It is possible to use the SVD of a square matrix A to determine the orthogonal matrix O closest to A. The closeness of fit is measured by the Frobenius norm of O \u2212 A. The solution is the product UV\u204e. This intuitively makes sense b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Commuting matrices-Characterizations and properties-If A and B commute, they have a common eigenvector. If A has distinct eigenvalues, and A and B commute, then A 's eigenvectors are B 's eigenvectors.\nIf one of the matrices has the property that its minimal polynomial coincides with its characteristic polynom... | large_corpus_distillation |
"IT risk management-Integrating risk management into system development life cycle-Applied properly, cryptographic controls provide effective mechanisms for protecting the confidentiality, authenticity and integrity of information. An institution should develop policies on the use of encryption, including proper key ma... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Meta-learning (computer science)-Examples-Boosting is related to stacked generalisation, but uses the same algorithm multiple times, where the examples in the training data get different weights over each run. This yields different predictions, each focused on rightly predicting a subset of the data, and combining tho... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Permutation-Permutations of totally ordered sets-For example, the permutation 2453167 has the ascending runs 245, 3, and 167, while it has an increasing subsequence 2367." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Short Message Peer-to-Peer-Security-The SMPP protocol is designed on a clear-text binary protocol which needs to be considered if using for potentially sensitive information such as one-time passwords via SMS. There are, however, implementations of SMPP over secure SSL/TLS if required." | large_corpus_distillation |
"4.2 \u2022 Modeling with Linear Functions 361\npredictions based on those relationships. In this section, we will explore examples of linear function models.\nBuilding Linear Models from Verbal Descriptions\nWhen building linear models to solve problems involving quantities with a constant rate of change, we typically... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Discrimination testing-Types of test-Paired comparison In this type of test the assessors are presented with two products and are asked to state which product fulfils a certain condition. This condition will usually be some attribute such as sweetness, sourness, intensity of flavor, etc. The probability for each asses... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Agile software development-The Manifesto for Agile Software Development-A project plan is important, but it must not be too rigid to accommodate changes in technology or the environment, stakeholders' priorities, and people's understanding of the problem and its solution.Some of the authors formed the Agile Alliance, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Self-esteem instability-Measurement-The second measurement is the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES). This is a 10-item Likert-type scale designed to measure global self-esteem, but when taken longitudinally it can be used as a measure for self-esteem instability." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Arthur\u2013Selberg trace formula-The invariant trace formula-The invariant trace formula states \u2211M|W0M||W0G|\u2211\u03b3\u2208(M(Q))aM(\u03b3)IM(\u03b3,f)=\u2211M|W0M||W0G|\u222b\u03a0(M)aM(\u03c0)IM(\u03c0,f)d\u03c0 where f is a test function on G(A) M ranges over a finite set of rational Levi subgroups of G (M... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Group cohomology-Motivation-Given such a G-module M, it is natural to consider the submodule of G-invariant elements: MG={x\u2208M|\u2200g\u2208G:gx=x}." | large_corpus_distillation |
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