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supports a page being accessible only from kernel mode or being accessible from user and kernel mode, and also supports a fault on write bit.:\u200a3-5 MIPS The MIPS architecture supports one to 64 entries in the TLB. The number of TLB entries is configurable at CPU configuration before synthesis. TLB entries are dual.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matroid intersection-Matroid intersection-The matroid intersection theorem, due to Jack Edmonds, says that there is always a simple upper bound certificate, consisting of a partitioning of the ground set amongst the two matroids, whose value (sum of respective ranks) equals the size of a maximum common independent set... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement-Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement-The block is mostly an extension of the Enclosed Alphanumerics block, containing further enclosed alphanumeric characters which are not included in that block or Enclosed CJK Letters and Months. Most of the characters are single alphanumerics in boxes o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Collaborative filtering-Types-The neighborhood-based algorithm calculates the similarity between two users or items, and produces a prediction for the user by taking the weighted average of all the ratings. Similarity computation between items or users is an important part of this approach. Multiple measures, such as ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data engineering-Tools-Storage Data is stored in a variety of ways, one of the key deciding factors is in how the data will be used." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Laser ablation-Fundamentals-The depth over which the laser energy is absorbed, and thus the amount of material removed by a single laser pulse, depends on the material's optical properties and the laser wavelength and pulse length. The total mass ablated from the target per laser pulse is usually referred to as ablati... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Concurrent Pascal-Language description-A process, like a class or monitor, has local variables, procedures, and an initial statement, but has no procedure entries. The initial statement ordinarily executes forever, calling local procedures, class procedures, and monitor procedures. Processes communicate through monito... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exception safety-History-As David Abrahams writes, \"nobody ever spoke of 'error-safety' before C++ had exceptions.\" The term appeared as the topic of publications in JTC1/SC22/WG21, the C++ standard committee, as early as 1994. Exception safety for the C++ standard library was first formalized for STLport by Abraham... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Predication (philosophy)-Predication (philosophy)-Predication in philosophy refers to an act of judgement where one term is subsumed under another. A comprehensive conceptualization describes it as the understanding of the relation expressed by a predicative structure primordially (i.e. both originally and primarily) ... | large_corpus_distillation |
is the real line, then we can characterize it as follows: f convex if and only if f\u2033(x)\u22650 for all x.\nf strictly convex if f\u2033(x)>0 for all x (note: this is sufficient, but not necessary).\nf strongly convex if and only if f\u2033(x)\u2265m>0 for all x.\nFor example, let f be strictly convex, and s... | large_corpus_distillation |
subgraph will include almost all of the edges of the given graph, leaving only a small number k of non-planar edges for the incremental planarization process, then one can solve the problem exactly by using a fixed-parameter tractable algorithm whose running time is linear in the graph size but non-polynomial in the pa... | large_corpus_distillation |
variables\nFor n\u2208N +, let M n =Y n /n= n 1 \u2211n i=1 X i, so that M n is the sample mean of (X 1 ,X 2 ,\u2026,X n ).\n1. E(M n )=\u03bc\n2. var(M n )=\u03c32/n\n3. var(M n )\u21920 as n\u2192\u221e\n4. P(|M n \u2212\u03bc|>\u03f5)\u21920 as n\u2192\u221e for every \u03f5>0.\nProof\n1. This follows from part (a) ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Windows Metafile vulnerability-Other corrective measures-Disable Desktop Search applications such as Google Desktop or Windows Desktop Search until the problem is corrected.According to SANS Institute Internet Storm Center article, using a web browser other than Internet Explorer may offer additional protection agains... | large_corpus_distillation |
RFC 4366: \"Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions\" describes both a set of specific extensions and a generic extension mechanism.\nRFC 4492: \"Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Cipher Suites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)\".\nRFC 4680: \"TLS Handshake Message for Supplemental Data\".\nRFC 4681: \"TLS User Mapp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linux namespaces-Namespace kinds-Time Namespace The time namespace allows processes to see different system times in a way similar to the UTS namespace. It was proposed in 2018 and landed on Linux 5.6, which was released in March 2020.\nProposed namespaces syslog namespace The syslog namespace was proposed by Rui Xian... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Artificial intelligence-Tools-The naive Bayes classifier is reportedly the \"most widely used learner\" at Google, due in part to its scalability.Neural networks are also used as classifiers." | large_corpus_distillation |
:\nX \u03bc \u03c3 X\nSuppose that has the normal distribution with mean and standard deviation . The moment generating function of is\n4.6.12 https://stats.libretexts.org/@go/page/10161" | large_corpus_distillation |
"3.7: Summary\nThis chapter has developed the basic results about finite-state Markov chains. It was shown that the states of any finite-state chain\ncan be partitioned into classes, where each class is either transient or recurrent, and each class is periodic or aperiodic. If a recurrent\nclass is periodic of period d... | large_corpus_distillation |
on the creation of associations, just as the creation of associations relies on memory when encoding and retaining new material. The retention and retrieval of information in memory requires the information to be firmly embedded within a neural network; which can be done so through traditional methods of repetition and... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matroid polytope-Related polytopes-Independence matroid polytope The matroid independence polytope or independence matroid polytope is the convex hull of the set is an independent set of M}\u2286Rn." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generative adversarial network-Applications-Fashion, art and advertising GANs can be used to generate art; The Verge wrote in March 2019 that \"The images created by GANs have become the defining look of contemporary AI art.\" GANs can also be used to inpaint photographs or create photos of imaginary fashion models, w... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exponentiation by squaring-Signed-digit recoding-Signed binary representation corresponds to the particular choice b = 2 and ni\u2208{\u22121,0,1} . It is denoted by (nl\u22121\u2026n0)s . There are several methods for computing this representation. The representation is not unique. For example, take n = 478: two di... | large_corpus_distillation |
"36 (number)-In science-The atomic number of krypton Many early computers featured a 36-bit word length 36 is the number of characters required to store the display name of a UUID or GUID (e.g., 00000000-0000-0000-C000-000000000046)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Final assembly schedule-Activities included in FAS-The final assembly schedule serves to plan and control final assembly and test operations. The following activities are generally included in the FAS: a) launching of final assembly orders, b) picking of components parts, c) sub-assembly, d) painting or other finishin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Elliptic curve-Elliptic curves over a general field-Elliptic curves can be defined over any field K; the formal definition of an elliptic curve is a non-singular projective algebraic curve over K with genus 1 and endowed with a distinguished point defined over K." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dimensional analysis-Concrete numbers and base units-A set of base units for a system of measurement is a conventionally chosen set of units, none of which can be expressed as a combination of the others and in terms of which all the remaining units of the system can be expressed. For example, units for length and tim... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quantitative comparative linguistics-Probabilistic models-With small databases sampling errors can be important.\nIn some cases with a large database and exhaustive search of all possible trees or networks is not feasible because of running time limitations. Thus there is a chance that the optimum solution is not foun... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Key (cryptography)-Key sizes-Key size is the number of bits in the key defined by the algorithm. This size defines the upper bound of the cryptographic algorithm's security. The larger the key size, the longer it will take before the key is compromised by a brute force attack. Since perfect secrecy is not feasible for... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Proactive secret sharing-Proactive secret sharing-Proactive secret sharing is an underlying technique in Proactive Security Protocols. It is a method to update distributed keys (shares) in a secret sharing scheme periodically such that an attacker has less time to compromise shares and as long as the attacker visits ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matroid-Examples-An extension of a field gives rise to a matroid. Suppose F and K are fields with K containing F . Let E be any finite subset of K . Define a subset S of E to be algebraically independent if the extension field F(S) has transcendence degree equal to |S| .A matroid that is equivalent to a matr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fixed-point arithmetic-Applications-Electronic instruments such as electricity meters and digital clocks often use polynomials to compensate for introduced errors, e.g. from temperature or power supply voltage. The coefficients are produced by polynomial regression. Binary fixed point polynomials can utilize more bits... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cydia-Purpose and function-Security The risks in jailbreaking are mixed. Advocates offer that developer tools installed from Cydia can help add extra security. However, being able to install untrusted third-party software can cause data loss and malware. Cydia Substrate, the code injection library usually installed al... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fermilab E-906/SeaQuest-Overview-The Fermilab E-906/SeaQuest experiment is part of a series of fixed target Drell\u2013Yan experiments designed to measure the quark and antiquark structure of the nucleon and the modifications to that structure. With these measurements, SeaQuest will also be able to quantify the energy... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Chocolate Cake (cocktail)-Chocolate Cake (cocktail)-The Chocolate Cake is a novelty shooter which combines the flavors of Frangelico liqueur, lemon, and white sugar to create the convincing impression of a chocolate cake. Sucking the sugared lemon tends to concentrate the flavor of the Frangelico.\nA popular alternati... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Oracle machine-Definitions-Alternative definitions There are many alternative definitions to the one presented above. Many of these are specialized for the case where the oracle solves a decision problem. In this case: Some definitions, instead of writing the answer to the oracle tape, have two special states YES and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Iterative deepening A*-Properties-Like A*, IDA* is guaranteed to find the shortest path leading from the given start node to any goal node in the problem graph, if the heuristic function h is admissible, that is h(n)\u2264h\u2217(n) for all nodes n, where h* is the true cost of the shortest path from n to the nearest ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cyclomatic complexity-Description-N = the number of nodes of the graph." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Format-preserving encryption-Algorithms-FPE from a prefix cipher One simple way to create an FPE algorithm on {0, ..., N-1} is to assign a pseudorandom weight to each integer, then sort by weight. The weights are defined by applying an existing block cipher to each integer. Black and Rogaway call this technique a \"pr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Non-associative algebra-Algebras satisfying identities-Associator The associator on A is the K-multilinear map [\u22c5,\u22c5,\u22c5]:A\u00d7A\u00d7A\u2192A given by [x,y,z] = (xy)z \u2212 x(yz).It measures the degree of nonassociativity of A , and can be used to conveniently express some possible identities satisfi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Oscillator representation-Semigroups in SL(2,C)-If a = \u03b12 and b=(1\u2212\u03b4)(|a|\u22121\u2212|a|), with (1\u2212\u03b4)2=|\u03b1+\u03b1\u22121||\u03b1|+|\u03b1\u22121|, then the matrix (a0ba\u22121) has no square root in H0. For a square root would have the form (\u03b10\u03b2\u03b1\u22121).\nOn the other hand... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Euclidean algorithm-Description-Proof of validity The validity of the Euclidean algorithm can be proven by a two-step argument. In the first step, the final nonzero remainder rN\u22121 is shown to divide both a and b. Since it is a common divisor, it must be less than or equal to the greatest common divisor g. In the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Subsystem number-GSM and UMTS SSNs-In Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), subsystem numbers may be used between Public land mobile networks (PLMNs), in which case they are taken from the globally standardized range (1 - 31) or the part of the national ne... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Emptiness problem-Emptiness problem-In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, a formal language is empty if its set of valid sentences is the empty set. The emptiness problem is the question of determining whether a language is empty given some representation of it, such as a finite-state automaton. ... | large_corpus_distillation |
as\n\u03b1 p=p\ndescribed above. The maximum type one error probability is and occurs when 0.\n\u03b1/2 Z H\nThe test in (a) is the symmetric, two-sided test that corresponds to in both tails of the distribution of , under 0. The test in\n(b) is the left-tailed test and the test in (c) is the right-tailed test. As usua... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sparse matrix-Sparse matrix-In numerical analysis and scientific computing, a sparse matrix or sparse array is a matrix in which most of the elements are zero. There is no strict definition regarding the proportion of zero-value elements for a matrix to qualify as sparse but a common criterion is that the number of no... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MAXEkSAT-Derandomization-Fact 1 Note that such an assignment can be found among elements of any \u2113-wise independent source over n binary variables. This is easier to see once you realize that an \u2113-wise independent source is really just any set of binary vectors over {0, 1}n with the property that all restrict... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Simplex algorithm-Overview-The simplex algorithm operates on linear programs in the canonical form maximize {\\textstyle \\mathbf {c^{T}} \\mathbf {x} } subject to Ax\u2264b and x\u22650 with c=(c1,\u2026,cn) the coefficients of the objective function, (\u22c5)T is the matrix transpose, and x=(x1,\u2026,xn) are ... | large_corpus_distillation |
entries marks the end of the symbol table.\nA symbol has a name offset that should never exceed the string table size. Each symbol name offset is added to the string table file offset. Each symbol name ends with a 0x00 byte value.\nThe symbol address uses a 32-bit address for 32-bit Mach-O files and a 64-bit address fo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"List & Label-Awards-Reader's Choice Award 2005\u20132008 Stevie Awards 2021: Best Technology for Data Visualization Top 100 Publisher Award Component Source 2013-2014, 2014-2015,2016, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sentence function-Declarative vs. affirmative vs. positive-Though not as erroneous as the above misnomer, there is a clouding that can occur between the slight distinction of the affirmative, and the positive. Although it semantically speaking comes natural that positive is the opposite of negative, and therefore shou... | large_corpus_distillation |
"TRESOR-Potential vulnerabilities-In 2012 a paper called TRESOR-HUNT showed how a DMA attack could break this system, by injecting code that would invisibly function at ring 0 (the highest privilege level), bypassing the \"lockout\" imposed by TRESOR, which would allow it to read the keys from the debug registers and t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computer-assisted translation-Range of tools-Terminology managers, which allow translators to manage their own terminology bank in an electronic form. This can range from a simple table created in the translator's word processing software or spreadsheet, a database created in a program such as FileMaker Pro or, for mo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ring (mathematics)-Constructions-It is again a field since the field operations extend to the completion. The subring of Qp consisting of elements x with |x|p\u22641 is isomorphic to Zp." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sophie Germain Counter Mode-Sophie Germain Counter Mode-SGCM does prevent the specific \"weak key\" attack described in its paper, however there are other ways of modifying the message that will achieve the same forgery probability against SGCM as is possible against GCM: by modifying a valid n-word message, you can c... | large_corpus_distillation |
process is iterated until a best fit model is identified." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Java (programming language)-Syntax-Unlike C++, Java does not support operator overloading or multiple inheritance for classes, though multiple inheritance is supported for interfaces.Java uses comments similar to those of C++. There are three different styles of comments: a single line style marked with two slashes (/... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Elliptic curve primality-Atkin\u2013Morain elliptic curve primality test (ECPP)-Example of Atkin\u2013Morain ECPP We construct an example to prove that 167 is prime using the Atkin\u2013Morain ECPP test. First proceed through the set of 13 possible discriminants, testing whether the Legendre Symbol (D/N)=1 , and if ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bayes classifier-Proof of Optimality-Define the variables: Risk R(h) , Bayes risk R\u2217 , all possible classes to which the points can be classified Y={0,1} . Let the posterior probability of a point belonging to class 1 be \u03b7(x)=Pr(Y=1|X=x) . Define the classifier h\u2217 as 0.5 0.5 Then we have the follo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Permutation-Permutations in computing-The sequence after k-index a[2] to the final element is reversed. Because only one value lies after this index (the 3), the sequence remains unchanged in this instance. Thus the lexicographic successor of the initial state is permuted: [1, 2, 4, 3].Following this algorithm, the ne... | large_corpus_distillation |
"OCB mode-Encryption and authentication-OCB mode is listed as an optional method in the IEEE 802.11 wireless security standard as an alternative to counter with CBC-MAC mode (CCM). OCB2 is standardized in ISO/IEC 19772:2009 and a modified OCB3 in RFC 7253. The RFC encodes the tag length into the internally formatted no... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mobile social address book-Mobile social address book-A mobile social address book is a phonebook on a mobile device that enables subscribers to build and grow their social networks. The mobile social address book transforms the phone book on any standard mobile phone into a social networking platform that makes it ea... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Page replacement algorithm-Page replacement algorithms-In simple words, on a page fault, the frame that has been in memory the longest is replaced.\nFIFO page replacement algorithm is used by the OpenVMS operating system, with some modifications. Partial second chance is provided by skipping a limited number of entrie... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Number theory-Other subfields-The difficulty of a computation can be useful: modern protocols for encrypting messages (for example, RSA) depend on functions that are known to all, but whose inverses are known only to a chosen few, and would take one too long a time to figure out on one's own. For example, these functi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"9 \u2022 Introduction 1045\n9 SEQUENCES, PROBABILITY, AND COUNTING THEORY\n(credit: Robert Couse-Baker, Flickr.)\nChapter Outline\n9.1Sequences and Their Notations\n9.2Arithmetic Sequences\n9.3Geometric Sequences\n9.4Series and Their Notations\n9.5Counting Principles\n9.6Binomial Theorem\n9.7Probability\nIntroduction ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Adjunct (grammar)-Forms and domains-the discussion before the game \u2013 before the game is an adnominal adjunct.\nvery happy \u2013 very is an \"adadjectival\" adjunct.\ntoo loudly \u2013 too is an \"adadverbial\" adjunct.Adjuncts are always constituents. Each of the adjuncts in the examples throughout this article ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Descendant tree (group theory)-Concrete examples of trees-These authors use the classification of 2-groups by M. Hall and J. K. Senior which is put in correspondence with the SmallGroups Library in Table 2.\nThe complexity of the descendant trees of these seven vertices increases with the 2-ranks and 4-ranks indicated... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Latent semantic analysis-Applications-The new low-dimensional space typically can be used to: Compare the documents in the low-dimensional space (data clustering, document classification).\nFind similar documents across languages, after analyzing a base set of translated documents (cross-language information retrieval... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Authenticator-Examples-Single-factor authenticators To use an authenticator, the claimant must explicitly indicate their intent to authenticate. For example, each of the following gestures is sufficient to establish intent: The claimant types a password into a password field, or The claimant places their finger on a f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Suppose that a fair, 12-sided die is thrown 50 times. Let X denote the number of throws that resulted in a number from 1 to 5, and Y the number of throws that\nresulted in a number from 6 to 9. Find each of the following:\n1. E(Y \u2223X)\n2. var(Y \u2223X)\n3. The predicted value of Y given X=20\nAnswer\n1. E(Y \u222... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Counting points on elliptic curves-Naive approach-The naive approach to counting points, which is the least sophisticated, involves running through all the elements of the field Fq and testing which ones satisfy the Weierstrass form of the elliptic curve y2=x3+Ax+B." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rebranding-Impact of rebranding-There are several elements of a brand that can be changed in a rebranding these include the name, the logo, the legal name, and the corporate identity (including visual identity and verbal identity). Changes made only to the company logo have the lowest impact (called a logo-swap), and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Counting Bloom filter-Counting Bloom filter-A counting Bloom filter is a generalized data structure of Bloom filter, that is used to test whether a count number of a given element is smaller than a given threshold when a sequence of elements is given. As a generalized form of Bloom filter, false positive matches are p... | large_corpus_distillation |
using the reverse correlation method, researchers must use caution to not ignore how the decision-making process may influence the data.Reading signal in a classification image can be difficult. When attempting to interpret signal, researchers suggest that the best practice is to use a recently developed metric referre... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hedge-Hedge laying-The maintenance and laying of hedges to form an impenetrable barrier for farm animals is a skilled art. In Britain there are many local hedgelaying traditions, each with a distinct style. Hedges are still being laid today not only for aesthetic and functional purposes but also for their ecological r... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Naor\u2013Reingold pseudorandom function-Example-Let p = 7 and l = 3; so l |p\u22121. Select g = 4 \u2208 F7\u2217 of multiplicative order 3 (since 43 = 64 \u2261 1 mod 7). For n = 3, a = (1, 1, 2, 1) and x = 5 (the bit representation of 5 is 101), we can compute fa(5) as follows: fa(x)=ga0\u22c5a1x1a2x2...anxn\u220... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hall-type theorems for hypergraphs-Conforti-Cornuejols-Kapoor-Vuskovic condition: Balanced hypergraphs-Let G = (X + Y, E) be a bipartite graph. Let X0 be a subset of X and Y0 a subset of Y. The condition \"e \u2229 X0 \u2265 |e \u2229 Y0| for all edges e in E\" means that X0 contains all the neighbors of vertices of Y... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Unsharp masking-Digital unsharp masking-Radius affects the size of the edges to be enhanced or how wide the edge rims become, so a smaller radius enhances smaller-scale detail. Higher radius values can cause halos at the edges, a detectable faint light rim around objects. Fine detail needs a smaller radius. Radius and... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Index (publishing)-Indexing process-Before indexing software existed, indexes were created using slips of paper or, later, index cards. After hundreds of such slips or cards were filled out (as the indexer worked through the pages of the book proofs), they could then be shuffled by hand into alphabetical order, at whi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Iacono's working set structure-Iacono's working set structure-In computer science, Iacono's working set structure is a comparison based dictionary. It supports insertion, deletion and access operation to maintain a dynamic set of n elements. The working set of an item x is the set of elements that have been accesse... | large_corpus_distillation |
"C syntax-Data structures-Structures, unions and arrays can be initialized in their declarations using an initializer list. Unless designators are used, the components of an initializer correspond with the elements in the order they are defined and stored, thus all preceding values must be provided before any particula... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computational complexity of matrix multiplication-Computational complexity of matrix multiplication-In theoretical computer science, the computational complexity of matrix multiplication dictates how quickly the operation of matrix multiplication can be performed. Matrix multiplication algorithms are a central subrout... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Morphophonology-Orthography-The above example involves active morphology (inflection), and morphophonemic spellings are common in this context in many languages. Another type of spelling that can be described as morphophonemic is the kind that reflects the etymology of words. Such spellings are particularly common in ... | large_corpus_distillation |
to the squared margin. Note that this\nresult is independent of the dimension of input examples, and is exactly the mistake bound\nfor the perceptron algorithm!\no\no o\no\no o x x\nx\no o x x\no x\nx x\nFigure 1: The set of linear classifiers required to obtain a specific geometric margin has a\nlower VC-dimension whe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CPU multiplier-Clock doubling-For CPU-bound applications, clock doubling will theoretically improve the overall performance of the machine substantially, provided the fetching of data from memory does not prove a bottleneck. In more modern processors where the multiplier greatly exceeds two, the bandwidth and latency ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algebra-Abstract algebra-A ring has two binary operations (+) and (\u00d7), with \u00d7 distributive over +. Under the first operator (+) it forms an abelian group. Under the second operator (\u00d7) it is associative, but it does not need to have an identity, or inverse, so division is not required. The additive (+) ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hopfield network-Working principles of discrete and continuous Hopfield networks-Bruck shed light on the behavior of a neuron in the discrete Hopfield network when proving its convergence in his paper in 1990. A subsequent paper further investigated the behavior of any neuron in both discrete-time and continuous-time ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Decision list-Decision list-Decision lists are a representation for Boolean functions which can be easily learnable from examples. Single term decision lists are more expressive than disjunctions and conjunctions; however, 1-term decision lists are less expressive than the general disjunctive normal form and the conju... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rough path-Controlled rough path-Example: Lip(\u03b3) function Let X=(1,X1,\u2026,X\u230ap\u230b) be a p -geometric rough path satisfying the H\u00f6lder condition that there exists M>0 , for all 0\u2264s\u2264t\u22641 and all j=1,,2,\u2026,\u230ap\u230b ,\u2016Xs,tj\u2016\u2264M(t\u2212s)jp, where Xj denotes th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Database encryption-Key management-The Symmetric & Asymmetric Database Encryption section introduced the concept of public and private keys with basic examples in which users exchange keys. The act of exchanging keys becomes impractical from a logistical point of view, when many different individuals need to communica... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Doomsday argument-Rebuttals-Caves' rebuttal The Bayesian argument by Carlton M. Caves states that the uniform distribution assumption is incompatible with the Copernican principle, not a consequence of it.Caves gives a number of examples to argue that Gott's rule is implausible. For instance, he says, imagine stumblin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Colon (punctuation)-Usage in English-Spacing and parentheses In print, a thin space was traditionally placed before a colon and a thick space after it. In modern English-language printing, no space is placed before a colon and a single space is placed after it. In French-language typing and printing, the traditional r... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Comparability-Classification-When classifying mathematical objects (e.g., topological spaces), two criteria are said to be comparable when the objects that obey one criterion constitute a subset of the objects that obey the other, which is to say when they are comparable under the partial order \u2282. For example, th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Damg\u00e5rd\u2013Jurik cryptosystem-Decryption-Ciphertext c\u2208Zns+1\u2217 Compute cdmodns+1 . If c is a valid ciphertext then cd=(gmrns)d=((1+n)jmxmrns)d=(1+n)jmdmodns(xmrns)dmod\u03bb=(1+n)jmdmodns Apply a recursive version of the Paillier decryption mechanism to obtain jmd . As jd is known, it is possible t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Projection matrix-Application for residuals-where I is the identity matrix. The matrix := I\u2212P is sometimes referred to as the residual maker matrix or the annihilator matrix. The covariance matrix of the residuals r , by error propagation, equals \u03a3r=(I\u2212P)T\u03a3(I\u2212P) ,where \u03a3 is the covar... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bluetooth stack-General-purpose implementations-Windows XP had a built-in Bluetooth stack starting with the Service Pack 2 update, released on 2004-08-06. Windows XP SP2 and SP3 support Bluetooth 1.1 (but not 1.0), Bluetooth 2.0 and Bluetooth 2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate). Profiles can be toggled in the \"Services\" ta... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kernel embedding of distributions-Applications-HSIC can be extended to measure the dependence of multiple random variables. The question of when HSIC captures independence in this case has recently been studied: for more than two variables on Rd : the characteristic property of the individual kernels remains an equi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Artificial neural network-Theoretical properties-Computational power The multilayer perceptron is a universal function approximator, as proven by the universal approximation theorem. However, the proof is not constructive regarding the number of neurons required, the network topology, the weights and the learning para... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lenstra elliptic-curve factorization-The algorithm with projective coordinates-We now state the algorithm in projective coordinates. The neutral element is then given by the point at infinity (0:1:0) . Let n be a (positive) integer and consider the elliptic curve (a set of points with some structure on it) E(Z/nZ)={... | large_corpus_distillation |
Cov[Y/X,X]=E[Y]\u22c5(1\u2212E[X]\u22c5E[1/X]) Exponentiation (covariance with respect to the base): Cov[Z,X]=Cov[XY,X]=E[XY+1]\u2212E[XY]E[X] Exponentiation (covariance with respect to the power): Cov[Z,X]=Cov[YX,X]=E[XYX]\u2212E[YX]E[X] .The covariance of a random variable can also be expressed directly in terms of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stack buffer overflow-Protection schemes-A variant of return-to-libc is return-oriented programming (ROP), which sets up a series of return addresses, each of which executes a small sequence of cherry-picked machine instructions within the existing program code or system libraries, sequence which ends with a return. T... | large_corpus_distillation |
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