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"Course-of-values recursion-Equivalence to primitive recursion-Thus f\u00af(n) encodes the first n values of f. The function f\u00af can be defined by primitive recursion because f\u00af(n+1) is obtained by appending to f\u00af(n) the new element h(n,f\u00af(n)) :f\u00af(0)=\u27e8\u27e9 ,f\u00af(n+1)=append(n,f\u0... | large_corpus_distillation |
general version of the Rao\u2013Blackwell theorem speaks of the \"expected loss\" or risk function: E\u2061(L(\u03b41(X)))\u2264E\u2061(L(\u03b4(X))) where the \"loss function\" L may be any convex function. If the loss function is twice-differentiable, as in the case for mean-squared-error, then we have the sharper in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nilpotent matrix-Flag of subspaces-A nilpotent transformation L on Rn naturally determines a flag of subspaces ker ker ker ker \u2061Lq=Rn and a signature dim ker \u2061Li.\nThe signature characterizes L up to an invertible linear transformation. Furthermore, it satisfies the inequalities for all 1.\nConversely, a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Red\u2013black tree-Terminology-Figure 2 shows the conceptually same red\u2013black tree without these NIL leaves. To arrive at the same notion of a path, one must notice that e. g., 3 paths run through the node 1, namely a path through 1left plus 2 added paths through 1right, namely the paths through 6left and 6right... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ordinary least squares-Ordinary least squares-The OLS estimator is consistent for the level-one fixed effects when the regressors are exogenous and forms perfect colinearity (rank condition), consistent for the variance estimate of the residuals when regressors have finite fourth moments and\u2014by the Gauss\u2013Mar... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Szemer\u00e9di's theorem-Extensions and generalizations-A multidimensional generalization of Szemer\u00e9di's theorem was first proven by Hillel Furstenberg and Yitzhak Katznelson using ergodic theory. Timothy Gowers, Vojt\u011bch R\u00f6dl and Jozef Skokan with Brendan Nagle, R\u00f6dl, and Mathias Schacht, and Teren... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Permutation polynomial-Single variable permutation polynomials over finite fields-Some classes of permutation polynomials Beyond the above examples, the following list, while not exhaustive, contains almost all of the known major classes of permutation polynomials over finite fields.\nxn permutes GF(q) if and only if ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data classification (data management)-Business data classification approaches-However, automated solutions do not understand context and are therefore susceptible to inaccuracies, giving false positive results that can frustrate users and impede business processes, as well as false negative errors that expose organisa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Encoding/decoding model of communication-The encoding/decoding model critique-To conclude, while Hall's Encoding/Decoding model of communication is highly evaluated and widely used in research, it has been criticised as it contains some unsolved problems. This section discussed some flaws in the original model and int... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiple zeta function-Symmetric sums in terms of the zeta function-(1) To prove this, note first that the sign of c~(\u03a0) is positive if the permutations of cycle type \u03a0 are even, and negative if they are odd: thus, the left-hand side of (1) is the signed sum of the number of even and odd permutations in th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"\u2212Gx \u2212G\n\u222b dx =\u222b du\n(x2+y2)3/2 2u3/2\nG\n= \u2212\u2212+h(y)\n\u221au\nG\n= \u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212 +h(y)\n\u221ax2+y2\nfor some function h(y). Therefore,\nG\nf(x,y)= \u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212 +h(y).\n\u221ax2+y2\n\u21c0\nSince f is a potential function for F,\n\u2212Gy\nf (... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Requirement-Issues-Disputes regarding the necessity and effects of software requirements Many projects have succeeded with little or no agreement on requirements. Some evidence furthermore indicates that specifying requirements can decrease creativity and design performance Requirements hinder creativity and design be... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Composite data type-Type signature-Type signatures (or function types) are constructed from primitive and composite types, and can serve as types themselves when constructing composite types: " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dynamic voltage scaling-Program execution speed-This again highlights why dynamic voltage scaling is generally done in conjunction with dynamic frequency scaling, at least for CPUs. There are complex tradeoffs to consider, which depend on the particular system, the load presented to it, and power management goals. Whe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Covariance and contravariance (computer science)-Inheritance in object-oriented languages-When a subclass overrides a method in a superclass, the compiler must check that the overriding method has the right type. While some languages require that the type exactly matches the type in the superclass (invariance), it is ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Riemann hypothesis-Consequences-Large prime gap conjecture The prime number theorem implies that on average, the gap between the prime p and its successor is log p. However, some gaps between primes may be much larger than the average. Cram\u00e9r proved that, assuming the Riemann hypothesis, every gap is O(\u221ap lo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nomenclature of mechanical ventilation-Targeting schemes-Set point - e.g. - PC-CSVs is the tag for Pressure support.\nAdaptive - e.g. - PC-IMVa,a is the tag for VC+.\nOptimal - e.g. - PC-IMVoi, oi is the tag for Adaptive Support Ventilation (ASV), technically due only to minor safety algorithms, if not it would only b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reverse-path forwarding-Multicast RPF-The underlying assumptions of an RPF check are that, the unicast routing table is correct and stable and, the path used from a sender to a router and the reverse path from the router back to the sender are symmetric.If the first assumption is false, the RPF check will fail because... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Autonomous decentralized system-ADS architecture-An ADS is a decoupled architecture where each component or subsystem communicates by message passing using shared data fields. A unique feature of the ADS is that there is no central operating system or coordinator. Instead each subsystem manages its own functionality a... | large_corpus_distillation |
global network of collaborators and data contributors." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Asynchronous circuit-Asynchronous CPU-Instead, stages of the CPU are coordinated using logic devices called \"pipeline controls\" or \"FIFO sequencers.\" Basically, the pipeline controller clocks the next stage of logic when the existing stage is complete. In this way, a central clock is unnecessary. It may actually b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Operator-precedence grammar-Operator-precedence grammar-An operator precedence grammar is a kind of grammar for formal languages." | large_corpus_distillation |
a natural base quantity. One sixtieth of this, using their standard sexagesimal divisions, was a degree." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Resolution proof reduction via local context rewriting-Resolution proof reduction via local context rewriting-1 function ReduceAndReconstructLoop( \u03c0 /* a proof */): 2 TS = TopologicalSorting( \u03c0 ); 3 for each node n in TS 4 if n is not a leaf 5 if piv clause left and piv clause right then 6 clause = Reso... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Extensible Authentication Protocol-Methods-EAP is an authentication framework, not a specific authentication mechanism. It provides some common functions and negotiation of authentication methods called EAP methods. There are currently about 40 different methods defined. Methods defined in IETF RFCs include EAP-MD5, E... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Halt and Catch Fire (computing)-Halt and Catch Fire (computing)-In the case of real instructions, the implication of this expression is that, whereas in most cases in which a CPU executes an unintended instruction (a bug in the code) the computer may still be able to recover, in the case of an HCF instruction there is... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Real-time database-Timing constraints and deadlines-An additional way of dealing with conflict resolution in a real-time database system besides deadlines is a wait policy method. This process helps ensure the latest information in time critical systems. The policy avoids conflict by asking all non-requesting blocks t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tally-Tally-Tally commonly refers to counting or to summation of a total amount, debt, or score (Oxford English Reference Dictionary).\nTally may also refer to: " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Combination-Number of k-combinations for all k-The number of k-combinations for all k is the number of subsets of a set of n elements. There are several ways to see that this number is 2n. In terms of combinations, \u2211 0 \u2264 k \u2264 n ( n k ) = 2 n {\\textstyle \\sum _{0\\leq {k}\\leq {n}}{\\binom {n}{k}}=2^{n... | large_corpus_distillation |
"# use the \"findall\" to search for matching patterns in the data string\nwords = re.findall(pattern, story)\n# print the number of repeated python\nprint (\"The word 'python' is repeated\", len(words), \"times in the story.\")\n# print the matched patterns\nprint(words) # output: ['Python']\nThe word 'python' is repe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Representation theory of finite groups-Constructions-Example. Let (here i and \u03c9 are the imaginary unit and the primitive cube root of unity respectively): GL GL 3(C)\u03c12(1)=(10\u03c90\u03c9000\u03c92) Then GL (C2\u2295C3)(\u03c11\u2295\u03c12)(k,l)=(\u03c11(k)00\u03c12(l))k\u2208Z/2Z,l\u2208Z/3Z As it is suf... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Agile software development-The Manifesto for Agile Software Development-As Scott Ambler explained: Tools and processes are important, but it is more important to have competent people working together effectively.\nGood documentation is useful in helping people to understand how the software is built and how to use it... | large_corpus_distillation |
or even combinatorial ones. One approach is to redefine the operators based on sets." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Berkeley RISC-The RISC concept-The idea was to make one particularly common instruction, the procedure call, extremely easy to implement. Almost all programming languages use a system known as an activation record or stack frame for each procedure which contains the address from which the procedure was called, the dat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MMH-Badger MAC-Construction-Badger is constructed using the strongly universality hash family and can be described as H=H\u2217\u00d7F, where an \u03f5H\u2217 -AU universal function family H* is used to hash messages of any size onto a fixed size and an \u03f5F -ASU function family F is used to guarantee the strong ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Frank\u2013Wolfe algorithm-Lower bounds on the solution value, and primal-dual analysis-Since f is convex, for any two points x,y\u2208D we have: f(y)\u2265f(x)+(y\u2212x)T\u2207f(x) This also holds for the (unknown) optimal solution x\u2217 . That is, f(x\u2217)\u2265f(x)+(x\u2217\u2212x)T\u2207f(x) . The best lo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"XTEA-Cryptanalysis-In 2004, Ko et al. presented a related-key differential attack on 27 out of 64 rounds of XTEA, requiring 220.5 chosen plaintexts and a time complexity of 2115.15.In 2009, Lu presented a related-key rectangle attack on 36 rounds of XTEA, breaking more rounds than any previously published cryptanalyti... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vector field-Definition-Given vector fields V, W defined on S and a smooth function f defined on S, the operations of scalar multiplication and vector addition, make the smooth vector fields into a module over the ring of smooth functions, where multiplication of functions is defined pointwise.\nCoordinate transformat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Solar panel-AC module-An AC module is a photovoltaic module which has a small AC inverter mounted onto its back side which produces AC power with no external DC connector.\nAC modules are defined by Underwriters Laboratories as the smallest and most complete system for harvesting solar energy." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Erd\u0151s\u2013Ko\u2013Rado theorem-Maximum and maximal families-Families of maximum size A simple way to construct an intersecting family of r -element sets whose size exactly matches the Erd\u0151s\u2013Ko\u2013Rado bound is to choose any fixed element x , and let A consist of all r -element subsets that includ... | large_corpus_distillation |
customers that they are confident in the quality of their product as the app allows customers to place reviews on their experience at the restaurant . In 2009, 70% of all restaurants were listed on Yelp. A positive correlation exists between the revenues of restaurants and their online reviews." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Weak key-Weak keys in DES-Since all the subkeys are identical, and DES is a Feistel network, the encryption function is self-inverting; that is, despite encrypting once giving a secure-looking cipher text, encrypting twice produces the original plaintext." | large_corpus_distillation |
examples are\nlinearly separable. In this case we can find parameter values such that y (\u03b8T x + \u03b8 ) are\nt t 0\npositive for all training examples. By scaling up the parameters, we make these values\nlarger and larger. This is beneficial as far as the likelihood model is concerned since\nthe log of the logist... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Concolic testing-Concolic testing-Concolic testing (a portmanteau of concrete and symbolic, also known as dynamic symbolic execution) is a hybrid software verification technique that performs symbolic execution, a classical technique that treats program variables as symbolic variables, along a concrete execution (test... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Eigen (C++ library)-Eigen (C++ library)-Eigen is a high-level C++ library of template headers for linear algebra, matrix and vector operations, geometrical transformations, numerical solvers and related algorithms." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computational complexity of mathematical operations-Arithmetic functions-This table lists the complexity of mathematical operations on integers." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Guruswami\u2013Sudan list decoding algorithm-Algorithm 2 (Guruswami\u2013Sudan list decoding algorithm)-Definition Consider a (n,k) Reed\u2013Solomon code over the finite field F=GF(q) with evaluation set (\u03b11,\u03b12,\u2026,\u03b1n) and a positive integer r , the Guruswami-Sudan List Decoder accepts a vector ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exception handling syntax-Exception handling syntax-Most commonly, error handling uses a try...[catch...][finally...] block, and errors are created via a throw statement, but there is significant variation in naming and syntax." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Syntactic bootstrapping-Acquiring lexical categories-An experiment by Wellwood, Gagliardi, and Lidz (2016) showed that four-year-olds associate unknown words with a quality meaning when they are presented with adjective syntax, and with a quantitative meaning when they are presented with determiner syntax. For example... | large_corpus_distillation |
for one among a set of activities to complete before proceeding; if several of the activities being waited for are executed, the simple merge fires each time that one of them completes." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Trade promotion (marketing)-Issues in trade promotions-In 2004, less than 30% of Trade Promotions in the Consumer Packaged Goods industry were profitable. Several issues cause such lack of profitability. Some potential problems associated with trade promotions programs are costs, the potential impact on small manufact... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Print design-Print design-Print design, a subset of graphic design, is a form of visual communication used to convey information to an audience through intentional aesthetic design printed on a tangible surface, designed to be printed on paper, as opposed to presented on a digital platform. A design can be considered ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multivariate cryptography-Construction-Multivariate Quadratics involves a public and a private key. The private key consists of two affine transformations, S and T, and an easy to invert quadratic map P\u2032:Fm\u2192Fn . We denote the n\u00d7n matrix of the affine endomorphisms S:Fn\u2192Fn by MS and the shift vec... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lawler's algorithm-Algorithm-The algorithm builds the schedule back to front. For each scheduling step, it looks only at the tasks that no other tasks depend on, and puts the one with the latest due date at the end of the schedule queue. Then it repeats this process until all jobs are scheduled. The algorithm works b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hash join-Hash semi-join-Hash semi-join is used to return the records found in the other table. Unlike the plain join, it returns each matching record from the leading table only once, regardless of how many matches there are in the IN table.\nAs with the anti-join, semi-join can also be left and right: Hash left semi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bijective numeration-The bijective base-26 system-In the bijective base-26 system one may use the Latin alphabet letters \"A\" to \"Z\" to represent the 26 digit values one to twenty-six. (A=1, B=2, C=3, ..., Z=26) With this choice of notation, the number sequence (starting from 1) begins A, B, C, ..., X, Y, Z, AA, AB... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Automatic summarization-Applications and systems for summarization-Supervised learning approaches Supervised text summarization is very much like supervised keyphrase extraction. Basically, if you have a collection of documents and human-generated summaries for them, you can learn features of sentences that make them ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"SKI combinator calculus-Informal description-Informally, and using programming language jargon, a tree (xy) can be thought of as a function x applied to an argument y. When evaluated (i.e., when the function is \"applied\" to the argument), the tree \"returns a value\", i.e., transforms into another tree. The \"functi... | large_corpus_distillation |
a scalar function f such that \u2207f =F; in other words, a vector field that is the gradient\nof a function; such vector fields are also called conservative\npotential function\n\u21c0 \u21c0\na scalar function f such that \u2207f =F\nradial field\na vector field in which all vectors either point directly toward or di... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Morphological typology-Analytic languages-Analytic languages show a low ratio of morphemes to words; in fact, the correspondence is nearly one-to-one. Sentences in analytic languages are composed of independent root morphemes. Grammatical relations between words are expressed by separate words where they might otherwi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Extra special group-Classification-p odd There are two extraspecial groups of order p3, which for p odd are given by The group of triangular 3x3 matrices over the field with p elements, with 1's on the diagonal. This group has exponent p for p odd (but exponent 4 if p = 2)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quotient ring-Examples-Furthermore, the ring quotient R[X] / (X2 \u2212 1) does split into R[X] / (X + 1) and R[X] / (X \u2212 1), so this ring is often viewed as the direct sum R \u2295 R." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Prime number theorem-Statement-Let \u03c0(x) be the prime-counting function defined to be the number of primes less than or equal to x, for any real number x. For example, \u03c0(10) = 4 because there are four prime numbers (2, 3, 5 and 7) less than or equal to 10. The prime number theorem then states that x / log x i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Animal disease model-Animal disease model-Homologous animals have the same causes, symptoms and treatment options as would humans who have the same disease.\nIsomorphic animals share the same symptoms and treatments, only.\nPredictive models are similar to a particular human disease in only a couple of aspects. Howeve... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm-Signature verification algorithm-Correctness of the algorithm It is not immediately obvious why verification even functions correctly. To see why, denote as C the curve point computed in step 5 of verification, C=u1\u00d7G+u2\u00d7QA From the definition of the public key as ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Implicational propositional calculus-An alternative axiomatization-Examples: Deriving Peirce's law [((P\u2192P)\u2192P)\u2192P]\u2192([((P\u2192(P\u2192P))\u2192P)\u2192P]\u2192[((P\u2192Q)\u2192P)\u2192P]) aa 5 P\u2192P aa 1 (P\u2192P)\u2192((P\u2192P)\u2192(((P\u2192P)\u2192P)\u2192P)) aa 3 (P\u2192P)\u2192(((P\u219... | large_corpus_distillation |
is the ijth row of W. The coordinate function on Ui1,\u2026,ik is then defined as the map Ai1,\u2026,ik that sends W to the (n \u2212 k) \u00d7 k rectangular matrix whose rows are the rows of the matrix WWi1,\u2026,ik\u22121 complementary to (i1,\u2026,ik) . The choice of homogeneous coordinate matrix W representin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Object Process Methodology-Syntax and semantics-State-specified procedural links A state-specified procedural link is a detailed version of its procedural link counterpart in that rather than connecting a process to an object, it connects a process to a specific state of that object.\nTransforming links The three kind... | large_corpus_distillation |
in time 2o(n) Because the numbers s3,s4,\u2026 form a monotonic sequence that is bounded above by one, they must converge to a limit The strong exponential time hypothesis (SETH) is the conjecture that s\u221e=1 " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Filter quantifier-Use-Compare this to the equivalent definition without ultrafilter quantifiers: U\u2295V={A\u2286X:{x\u2208X:{y\u2208X:x+y\u2208A}\u2208V}\u2208U} The meaning of this is much less clear.\nThis increased intuition is also evident in proofs involving ultrafilters. For example, if + is associative on X... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Brute-force search-Reordering the search space-In applications that require only one solution, rather than all solutions, the expected running time of a brute force search will often depend on the order in which the candidates are tested. As a general rule, one should test the most promising candidates first. For exam... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quintuple meter-Notation-Another notational variant involves compound meters, in which two or three numerals take the place of the expected numerator. In simple quintuple meter, the 5 may be replaced as 2+38 or 2+1+28 for example. A time signature of 158, however, does not necessarily mean the music is in a compound q... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Write-once (cache coherence)-Transitions-Write miss: A partial cache line write is handled as a read miss (if necessary to fetch the unwritten portion of the cache line) followed by a write hit. This leaves all other caches in the Invalid state, and the current cache in the Reserved state.This is a variant of the MESI... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Loop invariant-Floyd\u2013Hoare logic-Under this premise, the rule for while loops permits the following conclusion: 10 10 := 10 10 } However, the post-condition 10 10 (x is less than or equal to 10, but it is not less than 10) is logically equivalent to 10 , which is what we wanted to show.\nThe property 0\u2264x ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Addition-Performing addition-Adders execute integer addition in electronic digital computers, usually using binary arithmetic. The simplest architecture is the ripple carry adder, which follows the standard multi-digit algorithm. One slight improvement is the carry skip design, again following human intuition; one doe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algorithmic Lov\u00e1sz local lemma-Algorithmic version of the Lov\u00e1sz local lemma-Under the assumption that all of the events in A are determined by a finite collection of mutually independent random variables P in \u03a9, Robin Moser and G\u00e1bor Tardos proposed an efficient randomized algorithm that compute... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Low-level programming language-Assembly language-The assembly language version loads the input parameter from the stack into a register and in each iteration of the loop decrements the value in the register, never altering the value in the memory location on the stack. The C compiler could load the parameter into a re... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Front vowel-Effect on preceding consonant-In the history of many languages, for example French and Japanese, front vowels have altered preceding velar or alveolar consonants, bringing their place of articulation towards palatal or postalveolar. This change can be allophonic variation, or it can have become phonemic.\n... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Spanish irregular verbs-Stem-vowel changes-Imperative (*) Only used in Spain. Formal conjugations of the plural imperative end in -d, but in colloquial use the most common conjugation ends in -r instead: pensar, contar, etc.The verbs sentir and dormir also undergo vowel raising. Additional diphthongizing verbs include... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kotlin (programming language)-Design-Development lead Andrey Breslav has said that Kotlin is designed to be an industrial-strength object-oriented language, and a \"better language\" than Java, but still be fully interoperable with Java code, allowing companies to make a gradual migration from Java to Kotlin.Semicolon... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Document layout analysis-Example of a bottom up approach-For each symbol, determine its k nearest neighbors where k is an integer greater than or equal to four. O`Gorman suggests k=5 in his paper as a good compromise between robustness and speed. The reason to use at least k=4 is that for a symbol in a document, the t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gellish-Information models in Gellish-Models about kinds of things. These models are expressed as collections of relations of particular kinds between kinds of things. They can be further subdivided in the following sub-categories: Knowledge models, which are collections of expressions of facts about what can be the c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pentium (original)-Development-A faster, fully hardware-based multiplier makes instructions such as MUL and IMUL several times faster (and more predictable) than in the 80486; the execution time is reduced from 13 to 42 clock cycles down to 10\u201311 for 32-bit operands.\nVirtualized interrupt to speed up virtual 808... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stochastic gradient descent-Approximations in continuous time-However this SDE only approximates the one-point motion of stochastic gradient descent. For an approximation of the stochastic flow one has to consider SDEs with infinite-dimensional noise." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Percentile-Calculation methods-The inverse is restricted to a narrower region: , x\u2208(0,N).\nThe weighted percentile method In addition to the percentile function, there is also a weighted percentile, where the percentage in the total weight is counted instead of the total number. There is no standard function for... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Answer\nAnswers may vary.\nExercises 24 - 26 consider problems of annuity payments.\n24) For annuities with a present value of $1 million, calculate the annual payouts given over 25 years assuming interest rates of\n1%,5%, and 10%.\n25) A lottery winner has an annuity that has a present value of $10 million. What inte... | large_corpus_distillation |
fixed-point code. The 91 and 6600 both also suffer from imprecise exceptions, which needed to be solved before out-of-order execution could be applied generally and made practical outside supercomputers." | large_corpus_distillation |
using an exception) logically have return type Nothing, a special type containing no objects; that is, a bottom type, i.e. a subclass of every possible type. (This in turn makes type Nothing compatible with every type, allowing type inference to function correctly.)Similarly, an if-then-else \"statement\" is actually a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dirichlet-multinomial distribution-Likelihood function-Multiple Dirichlet priors with the same hyperprior, with dependent children Now imagine a slightly more complicated hierarchical model as follows: some distribution Dirichlet Categorical some other distribution wd=1\u2026M,n=1\u2026Nd\u223cF\u2061(wdn\u2223zdn,\u0... | large_corpus_distillation |
implementations ensure that data cannot be shared between threads without going through a transaction and produce a serializable outcome. For example, code can be written as: In the code, the block defined by \"transaction\" is guaranteed atomicity, consistency and isolation by the underlying transactional memory imple... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rank\u2013size distribution-Segmentation-The relative sizes and weights of these segments (how many ranks in each segment, and what proportion of the total population is in a given segment) qualitatively characterize a distribution, analogously to the skewness or kurtosis of a probability distribution. Namely: is it d... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Principal component regression-Generalization to kernel settings-Clearly, kernel PCR has a discrete shrinkage effect on the eigenvectors of K', quite similar to the discrete shrinkage effect of classical PCR on the principal components, as discussed earlier. However, the feature map associated with the chosen kernel c... | large_corpus_distillation |
user can search separately and organize by tags. Via the \"metrics\" button, it reveals the top journals in a field of interest, and the articles generating these journal's impact can also be accessed. A metrics feature now supports viewing the impact of whole fields of science, as well as academic journals." | large_corpus_distillation |
"274 Chapter 3 | Derivatives\n160. The cost function, in dollars, of a company that 164. A small town in Ohio commissioned an actuarial\nmanufactures food processors is given by firm to conduct a study that modeled the rate of change\n2 of the town\u2019s population. The study found that the town\u2019s\nC(x)=200+ 7 + ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Unicity distance-Relation with key size and possible plaintexts-In general, given particular assumptions about the size of the key and the number of possible messages, there is an average ciphertext length where there is only one key (on average) that will generate a readable message. In the example above we see only ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cold start (recommender systems)-Mitigation strategies-Hybrid feature weighting Another recent approach which bears similarities with feature mapping is building a hybrid content-based filtering recommender in which features, either of the items or of the users, are weighted according to the user's perception of impor... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Preesm-Preesm-PREESM (the Parallel and Real-time Embedded Executives Scheduling Method) is an open-source rapid prototyping and code generation tool. It is primarily employed to simulate signal processing applications and generate code for multi-core Digital Signal Processors. PREESM is developed at the Institute of E... | large_corpus_distillation |
or Taiwan.However, other studies have not found such a correlation. A study using the populations of Denmark and Austria (a total of 2,052,680 deaths over the time period) found that although people's life span tended to correlate with their month of birth, there was no consistent birthday effect, and people born in au... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Information security indicators-Information security indicators-In information technology, benchmarking of computer security requires measurements for comparing both different IT systems and single IT systems in dedicated situations. The technical approach is a pre-defined catalog of security events (security incident... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multivariate normal distribution-Properties-Probability in different domains The probability content of the multivariate normal in a quadratic domain defined by q(x)=x\u2032Q2x+q1\u2032x+q0>0 (where Q2 is a matrix, q1 is a vector, and q0 is a scalar), which is relevant for Bayesian classification/decision theory u... | large_corpus_distillation |
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