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"Methods used to study memory-Human subjects-Recognition Recognition memory is the ability to judge whether or not the cued item was previously presented on the list usually with a yes or no response. This memory is akin to the type of memory used for police line-ups. The particular task described used to be called \"i... | large_corpus_distillation |
rights to use a program, to study and modify it, to copy it, and redistribute it for any purpose, which are considered by the FSF the four essential freedoms. The OSI's open-source criteria focuses on the availability of the source code and the advantages of an unrestricted and community driven development model. Yet, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hungarian algorithm-The problem-Bipartite graph formulation The algorithm can equivalently be described by formulating the problem using a bipartite graph. We have a complete bipartite graph G=(S,T;E) with n worker vertices (S) and n job vertices (T), and the edges (E) each have a nonnegative cost c(i,j) . We want t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Secure Shell-Architecture-The user authentication layer (RFC 4252) handles client authentication, and provides a suite of authentication algorithms. Authentication is client-driven: when one is prompted for a password, it may be the SSH client prompting, not the server. The server merely responds to the client's authe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fixed float-Operations-For example, multiplying the numbers 123 scaled by 1/1000 (0.123) and 25 scaled by 1/10 (2.5) yields the integer 123\u00d725 = 3075 scaled by (1/1000)\u00d7(1/10) = 1/10000, that is 3075/10000 = 0.3075. As another example, multiplying the first number by 155 implicitly scaled by 1/32 (155/32 = 4... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Java virtual machine-JVM specification-Bytecode verifier A basic philosophy of Java is that it is inherently safe from the standpoint that no user program can crash the host machine or otherwise interfere inappropriately with other operations on the host machine, and that it is possible to protect certain methods and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Percentile rank-Formulation-Its mathematical formula is 0.5 100 , where CF\u2014the cumulative frequency\u2014is the count of all scores less than or equal to the score of interest, F is the frequency for the score of interest, and N is the number of scores in the distribution. Alternatively, if CF' is the count of al... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Probabilistic neural network-Layers-Summation layer For PNN there is one pattern neuron for each category of the target variable. The actual target category of each training case is stored with each hidden neuron; the weighted value coming out of a hidden neuron is fed only to the pattern neuron that corresponds to th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modularity-Modularity in different research areas-Modularization within firms leads to the disaggregation of the traditional form of hierarchical governance. The firm is decomposed into relatively small autonomous organizational units (modules) to reduce complexity. Modularization leads to a structure, in which the mo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"B-tree-Best case and worst case heights-Let h \u2265 \u20131 be the height of the classic B-tree (see Tree (data structure) \u00a7 Terminology for the tree height definition). Let n \u2265 0 be the number of entries in the tree. Let m be the maximum number of children a node can have. Each node can have at most m\u221... | large_corpus_distillation |
machine learning optimisation of a thesaurus method in the 1990s." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Flood forecasting-Flood forecasting-On the other hand, more comprehensive flood forecasting methods involve predicting the flood extent by utilizing hydrodynamic information from models. These approaches not only consider the exceedance of a threshold but also aim to estimate the spatial distribution, timing and exten... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Semantics-Linguistics-Conceptual semantics This theory is an effort to explain the properties of an argument structure. The assumption behind this theory is that syntactic properties of phrases reflect the meanings of the words in them. With this theory, linguists can better deal with the fact that subtle differences ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Network analysis (electrical circuits)-Non-linear networks-It is mathematically possible to derive boolean algebras that have more than two states. There is not too much use found for these in electronics, although three-state devices are passingly common." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Poisson distribution-Statistical inference-Since each observation has expectation \u03bb so does the sample mean. Therefore, the maximum likelihood estimate is an unbiased estimator of \u03bb. It is also an efficient estimator since its variance achieves the Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao lower bound (CRLB). Hence it is minimum... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fast syndrome-based hash-Description of the hash function-The compression function There are exactly (n/w)w different regular words of weight w and length n , so we need exactly log log \u2061(n/w)=s bits of data to encode these regular words. We fix a bijection from the set of bit strings of length s to the set ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Zolotarev's lemma-Proof-We will apply this to the group of nonzero numbers mod p, which is a cyclic group of order p \u2212 1. The jth power of a primitive root modulo p will have index the greatest common divisor i = (j, p \u2212 1).The condition for a nonzero number mod p to be a quadratic non-residue is to be an od... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Personal Digital Cellular-Technical overview-PDC is implemented in the 800 MHz (downlink 810\u2013888 MHz, uplink 893\u2013958 MHz), and 1.5 GHz (downlink 1477\u20131501 MHz, uplink 1429\u20131453 MHz) bands. The air interface is defined in RCR STD-27 and the core network MAP by JJ-70.10. NEC, Motorola, and Ericsson a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Prouhet\u2013Tarry\u2013Escott problem-Generalizations-A higher dimensional version of the Prouhet\u2013Tarry\u2013Escott problem has been introduced and studied by Andreas Alpers and Robert Tijdeman in 2007: Given parameters n,k\u2208N , find two different multi-sets {(x1,y1),\u2026,(xn,yn)} , {(x1\u2032,y1\u2032)... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linux-libre-Linux-libre-Linux-libre is a modified version of the Linux kernel that contains no binary blobs, obfuscated code, or code released under proprietary licenses. In the Linux kernel, they are mostly used for proprietary firmware images. While generally redistributable, binary blobs do not give the user the fr... | large_corpus_distillation |
the most troublesome coupling effects via separation.Each of these fixes may possibly cause other problems. This type of issue must be addressed as part of design flows and design closure. Re-analysis after design changes is a prudent measure." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bayes estimator-Generalized Bayes estimators-However, occasionally this can be a restrictive requirement. For example, there is no distribution (covering the set, R, of all real numbers) for which every real number is equally likely. Yet, in some sense, such a \"distribution\" seems like a natural choice for a non-inf... | large_corpus_distillation |
= 21103 9,474,296,896 = 973362 = 21163 = 466 9,509,900,499 = 995 9,814,072,356 = 990662, the largest pandigital square, largest pandigital pure power.\n9,876,543,210 = largest number without repeated digits in base 10.\n9,999,800,001 = 999992, the largest ten-digit square.\n9,999,999,967 = greatest prime number with 10... | large_corpus_distillation |
"RC5-Cryptanalysis-A number of these challenge problems have been tackled using distributed computing, organised by Distributed.net. Distributed.net has brute-forced RC5 messages encrypted with 56-bit and 64-bit keys and has been working on cracking a 72-bit key since November 3, 2002. As of July 26, 2023, 10.409% of t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Distributed file system for cloud-Architectures-File processing When a client wants to write-to/update a file, the master will assign a replica, which will be the primary replica if it is the first modification. The process of writing is composed of two steps: Sending: First, and by far the most important, the client ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dope vector-Purpose-If such an array is stored contiguously, with the first byte at memory location M, then its last byte is at location M + 3199. A major advantage of this arrangement is that locating item N is easy: it begins at location M + (N \u00d7 32). Of course, the value 32 must be known (this value is commonl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lambda calculus-Lambda calculus-:= {\\textstyle ((\\lambda x.M)\\ E)\\rightarrow (M[x:=E])} : \u03b2-reduction, replacing the bound variables with the argument expression in the body of the abstraction.If De Bruijn indexing is used, then \u03b1-conversion is no longer required as there will be no name collisions. If r... | large_corpus_distillation |
this is now used for a multi-disciplinary field of data analysis, including statistics and databases." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximal independent set-Finding a single maximal independent set-When the events (v\u2192w) and (w\u2192v) occur, they remove d(w) and d(v) directed outgoing edges, respectively. PROOF: In the event (v\u2192w) , when v is removed, all neighboring nodes w are also removed. The number of outgoing directed edges f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Crypto-PAn-Algorithm-In principle, the reference implementation's approach (building 128-bit input blocks Ii ) can be extended up to 128 bits. Beyond 128 bits, a different approach would have to be used; but the fundamental algorithm (descending a binary tree whose nodes are marked with a pseudo-random function of th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Duplicate content-Duplicate content-Duplicate content is a term used in the field of search engine optimization to describe content that appears on more than one web page. The duplicate content can be substantial parts of the content within or across domains and can be either exactly duplicate or closely similar. When... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quotient category-Examples-Monoids and groups may be regarded as categories with one object. In this case the quotient category coincides with the notion of a quotient monoid or a quotient group.\nThe homotopy category of topological spaces hTop is a quotient category of Top, the category of topological spaces. The eq... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reissue-Reasons for reissue-Strong or weak sales Recordings are reissued to meet continuing demand for an album that continues to be popular after its original release. In other cases, albums are reissued to create interest in and hopefully revive the sales of a release which has sold poorly. For example, the heavy me... | large_corpus_distillation |
"128 (number)-In mathematics-128 is the seventh power of 2. It is the largest number which cannot be expressed as the sum of any number of distinct squares. However, it is divisible by the total number of its divisors, making it a refactorable number.The sum of Euler's totient function \u03c6(x) over the first twenty i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Flood control-Purposes-Protection of wider areas such as towns or cities The most effective way of reducing the risk to people and property is through the production of flood risk maps. Most countries have produced maps which show areas prone to flooding based on flood data. In the UK, the Environment Agency has produ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MOVIE Index-Performance-In another comparison, the MOVIE Index topped other models in terms of correlation with human judgments of motion picture quality on the LIVE Video Quality Database, which is a tool for assessing the accuracy of picture quality models." | large_corpus_distillation |
Library offers similar services for RDF/S, DAML and OWL ontologies.\nOntaria is a \"searchable and browsable directory of semantic web data\" with a focus on RDF vocabularies with OWL ontologies. (NB Project \"on hold\" since 2004).\nSwoogle is a directory and search engine for all RDF resources available on the Web, i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Expression (computer science)-Side effects and elimination-In many programming languages, a function, and hence an expression containing a function, may have side effects. An expression with side effects does not normally have the property of referential transparency. In many languages (e.g. C++), expressions may be e... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Static program analysis-Static program analysis-In computer science, static program analysis (or static analysis) is the analysis of computer programs performed without executing them, in contrast with dynamic program analysis, which is performed on programs during their execution.The term is usually applied to analys... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Discounted cumulative gain-Overview-An alternative formulation of DCG places stronger emphasis on retrieving relevant documents: log 2\u2061(i+1) The latter formula is commonly used in industry including major web search companies and data science competition platforms such as Kaggle.These two formulations of DCG are ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Independent and identically distributed random variables-Introduction-Independent means that the sample items are all independent events. In other words, they are not connected to each other in any way; knowledge of the value of one variable gives no information about the value of the other and vice versa.It is not ne... | large_corpus_distillation |
influence the relative likeliness of encountering recurring digits (any irreducible fraction that contains any of these other factors in its denominator will recur in either base). Also, the prime factor 2 appears twice in the factorization of twelve, whereas only once in the factorization of ten; which means that mos... | large_corpus_distillation |
A.I. is able to impartially look at the entire image and all cameras' images simultaneously. Using statistical models of degrees of deviation from its learned pattern of what constitutes the human form it will detect an intruder with high reliability and a low false alert rate even in adverse conditions. Its learning i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ridge regression-History-Tikhonov regularization was invented independently in many different contexts.\nIt became widely known through its application to integral equations in the works of Andrey Tikhonov and David L. Phillips. Some authors use the term Tikhonov\u2013Phillips regularization.\nThe finite-dimensional c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"V(x ,x ,\u2026,x )=max{x ,x \u2026,x } {1,2,\u2026,k}\n4. 1 2 n 1 2 n . The set of possible values is\n{(u,v)\u2208{1,2,\u2026,k}2 :u\u2264v}\n5.\nThe set of outcomes of a random experiment depends of course on what information is recorded. The following exercise is an\nillustration.\nA\nAn experiment consists of thro... | large_corpus_distillation |
squares in a circle: Good solutions are known for n \u2264 35." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Threat (computer)-Threat (computer)-A threat can be either a negative \"intentional\" event (i.e. hacking: an individual cracker or a criminal organization) or an \"accidental\" negative event (e.g. the possibility of a computer malfunctioning, or the possibility of a natural disaster event such as an earthquake, a fi... | large_corpus_distillation |
tent := min tent tent \u2061(v)+c(v,w)} .For all parallel algorithms we will assume a PRAM model with concurrent reads and concurrent writes." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Word-sense disambiguation-Approaches and methods-WSD solution in John Ball's language independent NLU combining Patom Theory and RRG (Role and Reference Grammar) Type inference in constraint-based grammars Other languages Hindi : Lack of lexical resources in Hindi have hindered the performance of supervised models of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear regulator-Linear regulator-Despite their name, linear regulators are non-linear circuits because they contain non-linear components (such as Zener diodes, as shown below in the simple shunt regulator) and because the output voltage is ideally constant (and a circuit with a constant output that doesn't depend on... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Heat flux sensor-Calibration of thin heat flux transducers-If the sensor is mounted onto a surface and is exposed to convection and radiation during the expected applications, the same conditions should be taken into account during calibration.\nDoing measurements at different temperatures allows for determining sensi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Euclid\u2013Euler theorem-Proof-Sufficiency One direction of the theorem (the part already proved by Euclid) immediately follows from the multiplicative property: every Mersenne prime gives rise to an even perfect number. When 2p \u2212 1 is prime, \u03c3(2p\u22121(2p\u22121))=\u03c3(2p\u22121)\u03c3(2p\u22121).\nThe ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"1.3: The Control Bit\nIn computer programs, Boolean expressions are often used to determine the flow of control, i.e., which statements are executed.\nSuppose, for example, that if one variable x is negative and another y is positive, then a third variable z should be set to zero. In\nthe language Scheme, the followin... | large_corpus_distillation |
entropy is a special case of a broader class of statistical divergences called f-divergences as well as the class of Bregman divergences, and it is the only such divergence over probabilities that is a member of both classes." | large_corpus_distillation |
collection of sets in S then {N(A i ):i\u2208I} is a set of independent random variables.\nTo draw parallels with the Poison process on [0,\u221e), note that axiom (a) is the generalization of stationary, Poisson-distributed increments, and axiom (b) is the\ngeneralization of independent increments. By convention, if \... | large_corpus_distillation |
the weighted longest path problem is the same as the Travelling salesman path problem, because the longest path always includes all vertices." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Parity function-Parity function-In Boolean algebra, a parity function is a Boolean function whose value is one if and only if the input vector has an odd number of ones. The parity function of two inputs is also known as the XOR function.\nThe parity function is notable for its role in theoretical investigation of cir... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Top-down parsing-Accommodating left recursion in top-down parsing-Additionally, one may use a Graph-structured stack (GSS) in addition to the aforementioned curtailment in order to accommodate left recursion by 'merging' stacks with common prefixes and by preventing infinite recursion, thereby reducing the number and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Queue number-Computational complexity-It is NP-complete to determine the queue number of a given graph, or even to test whether this number is 1.However, if the vertex ordering of a queue layout is given as part of the input, then the optimal number of queues for the layout equals the maximum number of edges in a k-r... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Developmental bias-Distribution of phenotypic variation-Morphospace The morphospace is a quantitative representation of phenotypes in a multidimensional space, where each dimension corresponds to a trait. The phenotype of each organism or species is then represented as a point in that space that summarizes the combina... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Group (periodic table)-Group (periodic table)-Groups may also be identified using their topmost element, or have a specific name. For example, group 16 is also described as the \"oxygen group\" and as the \"chalcogens\". An exception is the \"iron group\", which usually refers to \"group 8\", but in chemistry may also... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Zipper (data structure)-Example: Bidirectional list traversal-With the list represented this way, it is easy to define relatively efficient operations on immutable data structures such as Lists and Trees at arbitrary locations. In particular, applying the zipper transform to a tree makes it easy to insert or remove va... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Whirlpool (hash function)-Internal structure-ShiftColumns The ShiftColumns operation cyclically shifts each byte in each column of the state. Column j has its bytes shifted downwards by j positions.\nMixRows The MixRows operation is a right-multiplication of each row by an 8\u00d78 matrix over GF(28) . The matrix is ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Divisible group-Definition-An abelian group is p -divisible for a prime p if for every g\u2208G , there exists y\u2208G such that py=g . Equivalently, an abelian group is p -divisible if and only if pG=G " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Expander walk sampling-Statement-Let G=(V,E) be an n-vertex expander graph with positively weighted edges, and let A\u2282V . Let P denote the stochastic matrix of the graph, and let \u03bb2 be the second largest eigenvalue of {\\textstyle P} . Let y0,y1,\u2026,yk\u22121 denote the vertices encountered in a (k\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Distributed minimum spanning tree-MST in message-passing model-Two commonly used algorithms for the classical minimum spanning tree problem are Prim's algorithm and Kruskal's algorithm. However, it is difficult to apply these two algorithms in the distributed message-passing model. The main challenges are: Both Prim's... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Document-oriented database-Documents-CRUD operations The core operations that a document-oriented database supports for documents are similar to other databases, and while the terminology is not perfectly standardized, most practitioners will recognize them as CRUD: Creation (or insertion) Retrieval (or query, search,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Median-Properties-Optimality property The mean absolute error of a real variable c with respect to the random variable X is E(|X\u2212c|) Provided that the probability distribution of X is such that the above expectation exists, then m is a median of X if and only if m is a minimizer of the mean absolute error with re... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Implementation of mathematics in set theory-Functions-A function f from A to B is a: Injection from A to B if the images under f of distinct members of A are distinct members of B Surjection from A to B if the range of f is B Bijection from A to B if f is both an injection and a surjection.Defining func... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Natural number-Properties-Addition Given the set N of natural numbers and the successor function S:N\u2192N sending each natural number to the next one, one can define addition of natural numbers recursively by setting a + 0 = a and a + S(b) = S(a + b) for all a, b. Then (N,+) is a commutative monoid with identity ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Glossary of engineering: M\u2013Z-M-. An analogous formula applies to the case of a continuous probability distribution. Not every probability distribution has a defined mean (see the Cauchy distribution for an example). Moreover, the mean can be infinite for some distributions." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Real number-History-Simple fractions were used by the Egyptians around 1000 BC; the Vedic \"Shulba Sutras\" (\"The rules of chords\") in c. 600 BC include what may be the first \"use\" of irrational numbers. The concept of irrationality was implicitly accepted by early Indian mathematicians such as Manava (c. 750\u201... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Convex hull algorithms-Planar case-A later simplification by Graham & Yao (1983) and Lee (1983) uses only a single stack data structure. Their algorithm traverses the polygon clockwise, starting from its leftmost vertex. As it does, it stores a convex sequence of vertices on the stack, the ones that have not yet been ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Signal-flow graph-Interpreting 'causality'-Using this terminology, it is computational causality, not system causality, that is relevant to the SFG. There exists a wide-ranging philosophical debate, not concerned specifically with the SFG, over connections between computational causality and system causality." | large_corpus_distillation |
"AA tree-AA tree-An AA tree in computer science is a form of balanced tree used for storing and retrieving ordered data efficiently. AA trees are named after their originator, Swedish computer scientist Arne Andersson.AA trees are a variation of the red\u2013black tree, a form of binary search tree which supports effic... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lp space-Lp spaces and Lebesgue integrals-Seminormed space of p -th power integrable functions Each set of functions Lp(S,\u03bc) forms a vector space when addition and scalar multiplication are defined pointwise. That the sum of two p -th power integrable functions f and g is again p -th power integrable follo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bias ratio-Explanation-Imagine that you are a hedge fund manager who invests in securities that are hard to value, such as mortgage-backed securities. Your peer group consists of funds with similar mandates, and all have track records with high Sharpe ratios, very few down months, and investor demand from the \"[one p... | large_corpus_distillation |
"GNOME Web-Features-Google Safe Browsing and security sandboxing Since GNOME 3.28, Web has support for Google Safe Browsing, to help prevent users from visiting malicious websites.Since GNOME 3.34, Web explicitly requires a minimum of WebKitGTK 2.26 or later. This provides the \"Bubblewrap Sandbox\" for tab processes, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fermat's Last Theorem-Overview-For comparison's sake we start with the original formulation." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Garbage (computer science)-Effects-However, collecting garbage takes time and, if done manually, requires coding overhead. Further, collecting garbage destroys objects and thus can cause calls to finalizers, executing potentially arbitrary code at an arbitrary point in the program's execution. Incorrect garbage collec... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polanyi's paradox-Criticism-Some technological optimists argue that recent advances in machine learning have overcome Polanyi's paradox. Instead of relying on programmer\u2019s algorithms to instruct them in human knowledge, computer systems are now able to learn tacit rules from context, abundant data, and applied st... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Zeller's congruence-Formula-For the Gregorian calendar, Zeller's congruence is 13 mod 7, for the Julian calendar it is 13 mod 7, where h is the day of the week (0 = Saturday, 1 = Sunday, 2 = Monday, ..., 6 = Friday) q is the day of the month m is the month (3 = March, 4 = April, 5 = May, ..., 14 = February) K the yea... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mode 3 (telephone)-Mode 3 (telephone)-In telephony, mode 3 is a method of line sharing in which the line passes through a device (the mode 3 device) to connect to other devices. This enables the mode 3 device to control the line, and gain priority in need.\nIt is a common alternative to parallel connection." | large_corpus_distillation |
are i.i.d., the probability that X1n is confused with any other message is M times the above expression. Using the union bound, the probability of confusing X1n with any message is bounded by: Perror1\u2192any\u2264M\u03c1(\u2211x2nQ(x2n)(p(y1n\u2223x2n)p(y1n\u2223x1n))s)\u03c1 for any 0<\u03c1<1 . Averaging over a... | large_corpus_distillation |
Images. Standardized subsets of PDF, including PDF/A and PDF/X, prohibit these features." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Euclid number-Euclid number-In mathematics, Euclid numbers are integers of the form En = pn\u2009# +\u20091, where pn\u2009# is the nth primorial, i.e. the product of the first n prime numbers. They are named after the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, in connection with Euclid's theorem that there are infinitely ma... | large_corpus_distillation |
are often estimated by capturing, marking, and recapturing them. The life of a product, more often termed shelf life, is also computed using similar methods. In the case of long-lived components, such as those used in critical applications (e.g. aircraft), methods like accelerated aging are used to model the life expec... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ebook-Terminology-E-books are also referred to as \"ebooks\", \"eBooks\", \"Ebooks\", \"e-Books\", \"e-journals\", \"e-editions\", or \"digital books\". A device that is designed specifically for reading e-books is called an \"e-reader\", \"ebook device\", or \"eReader\"." | large_corpus_distillation |
"KCDSA-User parameters-x : signer's private signature key such that 0<x<q .y : signer's public verification key computed by mod p), where mod q) .z : a hash-value of Cert Data, i.e., Cert Data ) .The 1998 spec is unclear about the exact format of the \"Cert Data\". In the revised spec, z is defined as being the bot... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Splitting field-Examples-The previous calculations show that addition and multiplication behave the same way in R[x]\u2009/\u2009(x2 + 1) and C. In fact, we see that the map between R[x]\u2009/\u2009(x2 + 1) and C given by a + bx \u2192 a + bi is a homomorphism with respect to addition and multiplication. It is also o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Communications blackout-Technical failures-Uptime being a key goal of most communications networks, power supplies and backup generators are typically used to ensure high-reliability power.\nWireless networks may be subject to radio jamming; wired networks can be physically severed. Network design can also play a role... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Automata-based programming-Applications-Automata-based programming is widely used in lexical and syntactic analyses.Besides that, thinking in terms of automata (that is, breaking the execution process down to automaton steps and passing information from step to step through the explicit automaton state) is necessary f... | large_corpus_distillation |
and handling times on chemical reactions, workflows, and more traceability show audit trail and/or chain of custody of a sample workflows track a sample, a batch of samples, or a \"lot\" of batches through its lifecycle Client-side options A LIMS has utilized many architectures and distribution models over the years. A... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hasty Pudding cipher-The cipher-The cipher uses value-dependent lookups into the key table. These can be undone, since the lookup depends only on the last 8 bits of a variable, and when it becomes necessary to look up the value from the key table in decryption, the last 8 bits of the value at a certain earlier point i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Latvian grammar-Verbs-Beside the three conjugations, there are three verbs characterized by different stems in present, past as well as infinitive. These verbs are referred to as \"irregular\" (nek\u0101rtni or neregul\u0101ri.) Irregular verbs and their stem changes are: b\u016bt (esmu, biju) \u2013 to be (I am, I wa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shebang (Unix)-Portability-Another problem is scripts containing a carriage return character immediately after the shebang line, perhaps as a result of being edited on a system that uses DOS line breaks, such as Microsoft Windows. Some systems interpret the carriage return character as part of the interpreter command,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sigreturn-oriented programming-Background-Most programs do not contain functions that will allow the attacker to directly carry out the desired action (e.g., obtain access to a shell), but the necessary instructions are often scattered around memory.Return-oriented programming requires these sequences of instructions,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Spanish prepositions-Spanish prepositions-Prepositions in the Spanish language, like those in other languages, are a set of connecting words (such as con, de or para) that serve to indicate a relationship between a content word (noun, verb, or adjective) and a following noun phrase (or noun, or pronoun), which is know... | large_corpus_distillation |
"BitTorrent protocol encryption-Security-The estimated strength of the encryption corresponds to about 60\u201380 bits for common symmetrical ciphers. Cryptographically, this effective key length is quite low, but appropriate in that the protocol was not designed as a secure transport protocol but rather as a fast and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
apply each value of the enumeration to the prime number function on the left. This will return a list of 0's and 1's.\n& return the indices of the list where the value is 1.\n2_ drop the first two elements of the enumeration (0 and 1) " | large_corpus_distillation |
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