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function), which may yield to the caller, and in turn be yielded back to when the value is used, cooperatively multitasking." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Parity (mathematics)-Higher mathematics-All prime numbers are odd, with one exception: the prime number 2. All known perfect numbers are even; it is unknown whether any odd perfect numbers exist.Goldbach's conjecture states that every even integer greater than 2 can be represented as a sum of two prime numbers. Modern... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Paired difference test-Use in reducing variance-The key issue that motivates the paired difference test is that unless the study has very strict entry criteria, it is likely that the subjects will differ substantially from each other before the treatment begins. Important baseline differences among the subjects may be... | large_corpus_distillation |
rabbits\" is true; and so on.If it is ruled that no universal statement has existential import then the square of opposition fails in several respects (e.g. AaB does not entail AiB) and a number of syllogisms are no longer valid (e.g. BaC,AaB->AiC)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Supersingular isogeny key exchange-The supersingular isogeny Diffie-Hellman method-As a result, A and B will now have two pairs of points \u03d5B(PA) , \u03d5B(QA) and \u03d5A(PB) , \u03d5A(QB) respectively. A and B now exchange these pairs of points over a communications channel." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cybersecurity information technology list-Cybersecurity information technology list-Cybersecurity is a major endeavor in the IT industry. There are a number of professional certifications given for cybersecurity training and expertise. Although billions of dollars are spent annually on cybersecurity, no computer or ne... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transparent Inter-process Communication-Cluster-Cluster scalability Since Linux 4.7, TIPC comes with a unique, patent pending, auto-adaptive hierarchical neighbor monitoring algorithm. This Overlapping Ring Monitoring algorithm, in reality a combination of ring monitoring and the Gossip protocol, makes it possible to ... | large_corpus_distillation |
m 2 =\u22124, and Equation 14.4.4 becomes\n14.4.7 https://math.libretexts.org/@go/page/2603" | large_corpus_distillation |
"Thesaurus (information retrieval)-Structure-Information retrieval thesauri are formally organized so that existing relationships between concepts are made clear. For example, \"citrus fruits\" might be linked to the broader concept of \"fruits\" and to the narrower ones of \"oranges\", \"lemons\", etc. When the terms ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"While loop-Overview-For example, in the C programming language (as well as Java, C#, Objective-C, and C++, which use the same syntax in this case), the code fragment first checks whether x is less than 5, which it is, so then the {loop body} is entered, where the printf function is run and x is incremented by 1. After... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Refal-Other examples-An important property of Refal is that all functions in refal are single argument. (But may be decomposed into terms in an expression as above.) If Defining control structures is easy If { T Then (e.1) Else (e.2) = e.1; F Then (e.1) Else (e.2) = e.2; } Here the e1 is evaluated only when the expres... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Conceptual graph-Research branches-The diagram above is an example of the display form for a conceptual graph. Each box is called a concept node, and each oval is called a relation node. In CGIF, this CG would be represented by the following statement: [Cat Elsie] [Sitting *x] [Mat *y] (agent ?x Elsie) (location ?x ?y... | large_corpus_distillation |
the game changes. In particular, note that this probability depends only on\nx/a\n. Now for various values of the parameters, run the experiment 1000 times and compare the relative frequency function to\nthe probability density function.\nThe Expected Number of Trials\nG(x)=E(N \u2223X =x) x\u2208[0,1] x a>0\nLet 0 for... | large_corpus_distillation |
node.\nRecursively traverse the current node's right subtree.\nRecursively traverse the current node's left subtree.\nReverse post-order, RLN Recursively traverse the current node's right subtree.\nRecursively traverse the current node's left subtree.\nVisit the current node.\nReverse in-order, RNL Recursively traverse... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stochastic grammar-Stochastic grammar-A stochastic grammar (statistical grammar) is a grammar framework with a probabilistic notion of grammaticality: Stochastic context-free grammar Statistical parsing Data-oriented parsing Hidden Markov model Estimation theoryThe grammar is realized as a language model. Allowed sent... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Induction puzzles-Ebert's version and Hamming codes-Description Ebert's version of the problem states that all players who guess must guess at the same predetermined time, but that not all players are required to guess. Now not all players can guess correctly, so the players win if at least one player guesses and all ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Annular cutter-Disadvantages of annular cutters-The biggest disadvantage of a core drill or annular cutter is that it can not drill blind holes. A core drill, due to its hollow geometry, can only make it through holes. The cost of a core drill is high compared to a twist drill, but the cost per hole made with the core... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Euclidean algorithm-Generalizations-If the function f corresponds to a norm function, such as that used to order the Gaussian integers above, then the domain is known as norm-Euclidean. The norm-Euclidean rings of quadratic integers are exactly those where D is one of the values \u221211, \u22127, \u22123, \u22122, \u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Standard array-Standard array-In coding theory, a standard array (or Slepian array) is a qn\u2212k by qk array that lists all elements of a particular Fqn vector space. Standard arrays are used to decode linear codes; i.e. to find the corresponding codeword for any received vector." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quadratic integer-Quadratic integer rings-Indian mathematician Brahmagupta treated the Pell's equation X\u20092 \u2212 61Y\u20092 = 1, corresponding to the ring is Z[\u221a61]. Some results were presented to European community by Pierre Fermat in 1657." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matroid minor-Algorithms and complexity-One of the important components of graph minor theory is the existence of an algorithm for testing whether a graph H is a minor of another graph G, taking an amount of time that is polynomial in G for any fixed choice of H (and more strongly fixed-parameter tractable if the size... | large_corpus_distillation |
stream cipher RC4, including Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) and Ciphersaber. One of the many problems with WEP was that its IV was too short, 24 bits. This meant that there was a high likelihood that the same IV would be used twice if more than a few thousand packets were sent with the sam... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Diversity index-Shannon index-In machine learning the Shannon index is also called as Information gain.\nR\u00e9nyi entropy The R\u00e9nyi entropy is a generalization of the Shannon entropy to other values of q than unity. It can be expressed: ln \u2061(\u2211i=1Rpiq) which equals ln ln \u2061(qD) This means that taki... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Baker\u2013Campbell\u2013Hausdorff formula-Zassenhaus formula-A related combinatoric expansion that is useful in dual applications is where the exponents of higher order in t are likewise nested commutators, i.e., homogeneous Lie polynomials.\nThese exponents, Cn in exp(\u2212tX) exp(t(X+Y)) = \u03a0n exp(tn Cn), foll... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Superfactorial-Superfactorial-In mathematics, and more specifically number theory, the superfactorial of a positive integer n is the product of the first n factorials. They are a special case of the Jordan\u2013P\u00f3lya numbers, which are products of arbitrary collections of factorials." | large_corpus_distillation |
them on to the existing relations of another field. Sue Atkins and Charles J. Fillmore in the 1990s proposed frame semantics as an alternative to semantic field theory." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Streaming algorithm-Some streaming problems-h:[m]\u2192[0,2L\u22121] Let bit(y,k) represent the kth bit in binary representation of y y=\u2211k\u22650bit(y,k)\u22172k Let \u03c1(y) represents the position of least significant 1-bit in the binary representation of yi with a suitable convention for \u03c1(0) == if if... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiwinner voting-Multiwinner voting-Diversity. Here, the elected candidates should be as different as possible. For example, suppose the candidates are possible locations for constructing a facility, such as a fire station. Most citizens naturally prefer a fire station in the city center. However, there is no need t... | large_corpus_distillation |
some additional features, mostly useful for heavily loaded web servers.When using PHP for command-line scripting, a PHP command-line interface (CLI) executable is needed. PHP supports a CLI server application programming interface (SAPI) since PHP 4.3.0. The main focus of this SAPI is developing shell applications usin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transitivity (grammar)-Formal analysis-What did you throw?\u2014transitive verb.By contrast, an intransitive verb coupled with a direct object will result in an ungrammatical utterance: What did you fall? I sat a chair.Conversely (at least in a traditional analysis), using a transitive verb in English without a direct... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Comitative case-Expressions of comitative semantic relation-Grammatical case is a category of inflectional morphology. The comitative case is an expression of the comitative semantic relation through inflectional affixation, by prefixes, suffixes and circumfixes. Although all three major types of affixes are used in a... | large_corpus_distillation |
d i are statistics, that is, functions of the data (x,y), but we are suppressing this in the notation for simplicity.\nThe residuals sum to 0: \u2211n i=1 d i =0.\nProof\nThis follows from the definition, and is a restatement of the fact that the regression line passes through the center of the data set (m(x),m(y)).\nV... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Performance car-Classification-Further classification of performance cars is possible in the following categories: Grand tourer \u2014 a luxury performance car designed for high speed and long-distance driving Hot hatch \u2014 a high-performance version of mass-produced hatchback model Muscle car \u2014 a large Americ... | large_corpus_distillation |
non-Gaussian likelihoods are supported.\nErrors: whether arbitrary non-uniform correlated errors on datapoints are supported for the Gaussian likelihood. Errors may be handled manually by adding a kernel component, this column is about the possibility of manipulating them separately. Partial error support may be indica... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Flajolet\u2013Martin algorithm-Additional sources-Rajaraman, Anand; Ullman, Jeffrey David (2011-10-27). Mining of Massive Datasets. Cambridge University Press. p. 119. ISBN 9781139505345. Retrieved 2014-11-09." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wheel factorization-Description-The trial division method consists of dividing the number to be factorized by the integers in increasing order (2, 3, 4, 5, ...) successively. A common improvement consists of testing only by primes, i.e. by 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ... . With the wheel factorization, one starts from a small li... | large_corpus_distillation |
for a theory of morphology based upon the concept of dynamic deviation from a morphological type, or biotype." | large_corpus_distillation |
4.0\n6.2.1: Gibbs Inequality - CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 9.4: Constraints - CC BY-NC-SA 4.0\n9.5: Maximum Entropy, Analytic Form - CC BY-NC-\n6.3: Source Coding Theorem - CC BY-NC-SA 4.0\nSA 4.0\n6.4: Channel Model - CC BY-NC-SA 4.0\n9.6: Maximum Entropy, Single Constraint - CC BY-\n6.5: Noiseless Channel Theorem - CC BY-NC-SA 4... | large_corpus_distillation |
"B\u00f6hm tree-\u03bb\u22a5-terms-If M reduces to the weak head normal form yM1\u2026Mm , then LLT(M)=yLLT(M1)\u2026LLT(Mm) If M reduces to the weak head normal form \u03bbx.N , then LLT(M)=\u03bbx.LLT(N) Berarducci trees The Berarducci trees are obtained by considering the \u03bb\u22a5-terms where the set of me... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Comparison of version-control software-Advanced commands-command aliases: create custom aliases for specific commands or combination thereof lock/unlock: exclusively lock a file to prevent others from editing it shelve/unshelve: temporarily set aside part or all of the changes in the working directory rollback: remove... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Predicative expression-Predicative adjectives vs. attributive adjectives-Predicative expressions are not attributive expressions. The distinction is illustrated best using predicative and attributive adjectives: a. The man is friendly. \u2014 Predicative adjective.\nb. the friendly man \u2014 Attributive adjective.a. ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Law of large numbers-Forms-Borel's law of large numbers Borel's law of large numbers, named after \u00c9mile Borel, states that if an experiment is repeated a large number of times, independently under identical conditions, then the proportion of times that any specified event occurs approximately equals the probabili... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Natural number-Properties-If the natural numbers are taken as \"excluding 0\", and \"starting at 1\", then for every natural number a, a \u00d7 1 = a. However, the \"existence of additive identity element\" property is not satisfied Distributivity of multiplication over addition for all natural numbers a, b, and c, a ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Syntactic sugar-Notable examples-In COBOL, many of the intermediate keywords are syntactic sugar that may optionally be omitted. For example, the sentence MOVE A B. and the sentence MOVE A TO B. perform exactly the same function, but the second makes the action to be performed clearer.\nAugmented assignment or compoun... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Product finder-E-commerce (using machine learning)-electronics \u2192 mobile \u2192 samsung \u2192 case covers. In this example the coarse grained classifier would tell us that the testing instance belongs to electronic group, then we use fine grained at every stage and we got this tree.The problem faced by these onli... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Encryption-Encryption-Historically, various forms of encryption have been used to aid in cryptography. Early encryption techniques were often used in military messaging. Since then, new techniques have emerged and become commonplace in all areas of modern computing. Modern encryption schemes use the concepts of public... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Null cipher-Classical cryptography-Taking the first letter of every word reveals the hidden message \"Pershing sails from N.Y. June I\"." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ciphertext stealing-Ciphertext stealing mode description-For this description, the following functions and operators are used: Head (data, a): returns the first a bits of the 'data' string.\nTail (data, a): returns the last a bits of the 'data' string.\nEncrypt (K, data): use the underlying block cipher in encrypt mod... | large_corpus_distillation |
set is invoked over the CL range 0x00 through 0x1F, whereas a C1 control function may be invoked over the CR range 0x80 through 0x9F (in an 8-bit environment) or by using escape sequences (in a 7-bit or 8-bit environment), but not both. Which style of C1 invocation is used must be specified in the definition of the cod... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Library (computing)-Static libraries-All of the modules required by a program are sometimes statically linked and copied into the executable file. This process, and the resulting stand-alone file, is known as a static build of the program. A static build may not need any further relocation if virtual memory is used an... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computational complexity of matrix multiplication-Matrix multiplication exponent-Rectangular matrix multiplication Similar techniques also apply to rectangular matrix multiplication. The central object of study is \u03c9(k) , which is the smallest c such that one can multiply a matrix of size n\u00d7\u2308nk\u2309 ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Prime gap-Simple observations-The average gap between primes increases as the natural logarithm of these primes, and therefore the ratio of the prime gap to the primes involved decreases (and is asymptotically zero). This is a consequence of the prime number theorem. From a heuristic view, we expect the probability th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Graph neural network-Architecture-Local pooling: a local pooling layer coarsens the graph via downsampling. Local pooling is used to increase the receptive field of a GNN, in a similar fashion to pooling layers in convolutional neural networks. Examples include k-nearest neighbours pooling, top-k pooling, and self-att... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sequence point-Sequence point-With C11 and C++11, usage of the term sequence point has been replaced by sequencing. There are three possibilities: An expression's evaluation can be sequenced before that of another expression, or equivalently the other expression's evaluation is sequenced after that of the first.\nThe ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"3rd Generation Partnership Project 2-3rd Generation Partnership Project 2-Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) was a 3GPP2 project to develop a fourth-generation successor to CDMA2000. In November 2008, Qualcomm, UMB's lead sponsor, announced it was ending development of the technology, favoring LTE instead.3GPP2 should not b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"S-expression-S-expression-Most modern sexpr notations allow more general quoted strings (for example including punctuation or full Unicode), and use an abbreviated notation to represent lists with more than 2 members, so that (x y z)stands for (x . (y . (z . NIL)))NIL is the special end-of-list object (alternatively w... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pathological (mathematics)-Exceptions-A similar but distinct phenomenon is that of exceptional objects (and exceptional isomorphisms), which occurs when there are a \"small\" number of exceptions to a general pattern (such as a finite set of exceptions to an otherwise infinite rule). By contrast, in cases of pathology... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Embedded hypervisor-Use cases-5.\nDynamic update of system software Subsystem software or applications can be securely updated and tested for integrity, by downloading to a secure VM before \u201cgoing live\u201d in an executing system. Even if this process then fails, the system can revert to its former state by rest... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hypercorrection (psychology)-Problems-A research conducted by Andrew Butler, Lisa Fazio and Elizabeth Marsh found out that high-confidence errors are more likely to be corrected, but they are also more likely to be reproduced if the correct answer is forgotten. For the research, subjects were presented with general kn... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Routing-Path selection-A few routing algorithms do not use a deterministic algorithm to find the best link for a packet to get from its original source to its final destination. Instead, to avoid congestion hot spots in packet systems, a few algorithms use a randomized algorithm\u2014Valiant's paradigm\u2014that route... | large_corpus_distillation |
that drastically slow down the system. Satisfying page faults may require freeing pages that will soon have to be re-read from disk. The term is also used for various similar phenomena, particularly movement between other levels of the memory hierarchy, where a process progresses slowly because significant time is bei... | large_corpus_distillation |
"DNA microarray-Microarrays and bioinformatics-Dimensional reduction: Analysts often reduce the number of dimensions (genes) prior to data analysis. This may involve linear approaches such as principal components analysis (PCA), or non-linear manifold learning (distance metric learning) using kernel PCA, diffusion maps... | large_corpus_distillation |
of G is weakly contained in the left regular representation.\nGodement condition. Every bounded positive-definite measure \u03bc on G satisfies \u03bc(1) \u2265 0. Valette improved this criterion by showing that it is sufficient to ask that, for every continuous positive-definite compactly supported function f on G, th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Automata-based programming-Example-Task Consider the task of reading a text from standard input line-by-line and writing the first word of each line to standard output. First we skip all leading whitespace characters, if any. Then we print all the characters of the first word. Finally we skip all the trailing characte... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Intel MPX-Analysis of Intel MPX-Meltdown Another study exploring the scope of Spectre and Meltdown security vulnerabilities discovered that Meltdown can be used to bypass Intel MPX, using the Bound Range Exceeded (#BR) hardware exception. According to their publication, the researchers were able to leak information th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Test automation-Test engineer-In automated testing, the test engineer or software quality assurance person must have software coding ability since the test cases are written in the form of source code which when run produce output according to the assertions that are a part of it. Some test automation tools allow for ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Agreeable subset-Extensions-The agreeable subset problem was studied with additional constraint represented by a matroid." | large_corpus_distillation |
phenomena are well-established, some linguists propose that core grammatical relations be excluded from CxG as they are not constructions, leaving the theory to be a model merely of idioms or infrequently used, minor patterns.As the pairing of the syntactic construction and its prototypical meaning are learned in early... | large_corpus_distillation |
"\u266fP-completeness of 01-permanent-Ben-Dor and Halevi's proof-Finally, since the sum of weights of all the sets of cycle covers inducing any particular satisfying assignment is 12m, and the sum of weights of all other sets of cycle covers is 0, one has Perm(G\u03c6) = 12m\u00b7(#\u03c6). The following section reduce... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Univariate (statistics)-Data analysis and applications-Descriptive methods Descriptive statistics describe a sample or population. They can be part of exploratory data analysis.The appropriate statistic depends on the level of measurement. For nominal variables, a frequency table and a listing of the mode(s) is suffic... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Regularized least squares-Kernel formulation-Note that for an arbitrary loss function V , this approach defines a general class of algorithms named Tikhonov regularization. For instance, using the hinge loss leads to the support vector machine algorithm, and using the epsilon-insensitive loss leads to support vector ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Super-prime-Super-prime-Broughan & Barnett (2009) show that there are log log log log \u2061x)3) super-primes up to x.\nThis can be used to show that the set of all super-primes is small.\nOne can also define \"higher-order\" primeness much the same way and obtain analogous sequences of primes (Fernandez 1999).\nA var... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Positional notation-Mathematics-In general, in base-b, there are b digits =: D and the number (a3a2a1a0)b=(a3\u00d7b3)+(a2\u00d7b2)+(a1\u00d7b1)+(a0\u00d7b0) has \u2200k:ak\u2208D.\nNote that a3a2a1a0 represents a sequence of digits, not multiplication." | large_corpus_distillation |
amount of pure product one is likely to obtain under the reported conditions, upon repeating the experimental procedure." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transylvania lottery-Transylvania lottery-In mathematical combinatorics, the Transylvania lottery is a lottery where players selected three numbers from 1-14 for each ticket, and then three numbers are chosen randomly. A ticket wins if two of the numbers match the random ones. The problem asks how many tickets the pla... | large_corpus_distillation |
"C syntax-Miscellaneous-The arguments to a function call may be evaluated in any order, as long as they are all evaluated by the time the function is entered. The following expression, for example, has undefined behavior: Undefined behavior An aspect of the C standard (not unique to C) is that the behavior of certain c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pointwise mutual information-Variants-PMI has \"a well-known tendency to give higher scores to low-frequency events\", but in applications such as measuring word similarity, it is preferable to have \"a higher score for pairs of words whose relatedness is supported by more evidence.\" Positive PMI The positive pointwi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Electronic data processing-Today-Software is available off the shelf. Apart from products such as Microsoft Office and IBM Lotus, there are also specialist packages for payroll and personnel management, account maintenance and customer management, to name a few. These are highly specialized and intricate components of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Symmetry of second derivatives-Requirement of continuity-In general, the interchange of limiting operations need not commute. Given two variables near (0,\u20090) and two limiting processes on f(h,k)\u2212f(h,0)\u2212f(0,k)+f(0,0) corresponding to making h \u2192 0 first, and to making k \u2192 0 first. It can matter,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quality of service-Mechanisms-The amount of over-provisioning in interior links required to replace QoS depends on the number of users and their traffic demands. This limits usability of over-provisioning. Newer more bandwidth intensive applications and the addition of more users results in the loss of over-provisione... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tic-tac-toe variants-Other Variants-Twice crosses-circles Programmed in 1989, the algorithm was previously tested on the Elektronika MK-52. There is also a variant of the game with the classic 3\u00d73 field, in which it is necessary to make two rows to win, while the opposing algorithm only needs one.\nQuantum Tic-Ta... | large_corpus_distillation |
x2, ..., xn) such that xn > 0 (\u2265 0). The open (closed) lower half-space is defined similarly, by requiring that xn be negative (non-positive).\nA half-space may be specified by a linear inequality, derived from the linear equation that specifies the defining hyperplane.\nA strict linear inequality specifies an ope... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lempel\u2013Ziv\u2013Markov chain algorithm-Decompression algorithm details-Fixed probability integer decoding simply performs fixed probability bit decoding repeatedly, reading bits from the most to the least significant." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear probing-Operations-Instead, when a cell i is emptied, it is necessary to search forward through the following cells of the table until finding either another empty cell or a key that can be moved to cell i (that is, a key whose hash value is equal to or earlier than i). When an empty cell is found, then emptyin... | large_corpus_distillation |
access the decoded micro-operations from the cache, instead of decoding them again. The execution trace cache found in Intel NetBurst microarchitecture (Pentium 4) is a widespread example of this technique. The size of this cache may be stated in terms of how many thousands (or strictly multiple of 1024) of micro-opera... | large_corpus_distillation |
relation on constructed in (10), if and only if S and S if and only if\nf(x)\u2aaf f(y) f(y)\u2aaf f(x) f(x)=f(y) \u2aaf \u2248\nT and T if and only if , since T is antisymmetric. Thus is the equivalence\nf\nrelation associated with .\n1.5.3 https://stats.libretexts.org/@go/page/10120" | large_corpus_distillation |
"Simon (cipher)-Simon (cipher)-Simon is a family of lightweight block ciphers publicly released by the National Security Agency (NSA) in June 2013. Simon has been optimized for performance in hardware implementations, while its sister algorithm, Speck, has been optimized for software implementations.The NSA began worki... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multi-commodity flow problem-Definition-Given a flow network G(V,E) , where edge (u,v)\u2208E has capacity c(u,v) . There are k commodities K1,K2,\u2026,Kk , defined by Ki=(si,ti,di) , where si and ti is the source and sink of commodity i , and di is its demand. The variable fi(u,v) defines the fraction of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Samplesort-Sampling the data-Bucket size estimate With the resulting sample size, the expected bucket size and especially the probability of a bucket exceeding a certain size can be estimated. The following will show that for an oversampling factor of log \u2061n\u03f52) the probability that no bucket has more than ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Apache XMLBeans-Description-Large XML Infoset support.Large XML Schema support: XMLBeans fully supports XML Schema and the corresponding java classes provide constructs for all of the major functionality of XML Schema. This is critical since often one has no control over the features of XML Schema needed to work with ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"GeoPDF-GeoPDF-GeoPDF refers to map and imagery products created by TerraGo software applications. GeoPDF products use geospatial PDF as a container for maps, imagery, and other data used to deliver an enhanced user experience in TerraGo applications. However, GeoPDF products conform to published specifications includi... | large_corpus_distillation |
interval W 2 until the next transition to state j,\nare both finite with probability 1. Subsequent intervals have the same distribution as W 2, and all intervals are independent, so {\nM ij (t);t\u22650} is a delayed renewal process with inter-renewal intervals {W k ;k\u22651}. If i=j, then all W k are identically\ndis... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Network encryption cracking-Network encryption cracking-Network encryption cracking is the breaching of network encryptions (e.g., WEP, WPA, ...), usually through the use of a special encryption cracking software. It may be done through a range of attacks (active and passive) including injecting traffic, decrypting tr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"File system-Types of file systems-Device file systems A device file system represents I/O devices and pseudo-devices as files, called device files. Examples in Unix-like systems include devfs and, in Linux 2.6 systems, udev. In non-Unix-like systems, such as TOPS-10 and other operating systems influenced by it, where ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dyck language-Dyck language-In the theory of formal languages of computer science, mathematics, and linguistics, a Dyck word is a balanced string of brackets.\nThe set of Dyck words forms a Dyck language. The simplest, D1, use just two matching brackets, e.g. ( and ).\nDyck words and language are named after the mathe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Naive Bayes spam filtering-General applications of Bayesian filtering-While Bayesian filtering is used widely to identify spam email, the technique can classify (or \"cluster\") almost any sort of data. It has uses in science, medicine, and engineering. One example is a general purpose classification program called Au... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Truncated binary encoding-On efficiency-If n is not a power of two, and k-bit symbols are observed with probability p, then (k + 1)-bit symbols are observed with probability 1 \u2212 p. We can calculate the expected number of bits per symbol be as be=pk+(1\u2212p)(k+1).\nRaw encoding of the symbol has bu=k+1 bits. T... | large_corpus_distillation |
and anti-dependences, based on the types of array access (write to read, write to write, or read to write, respectively).\nDependences can independently be classified as memory-based or value-based --- the former corresponds to memory aliasing, and the latter does not include dependences interrupted by intervening writ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Remote mobile virtualization-Mobile app virtualization-Visibility into encrypted traffic that uses certificate pinning \u2013 An increasing number of mobile applications use certificate pinning to identify server certificates and prevent Man in the Middle attacks. However, certificate pinning also prevents organizatio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Average rectified value-Average rectified value-The average of a symmetric alternating value is zero and it is therefore not useful to characterize it. Thus the easiest way to determine a quantitative measurement size is to use the average rectified value. The average rectified value is mainly used to characterize alt... | large_corpus_distillation |
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