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"Information retrieval-Timeline-1979: C. J. van Rijsbergen published Information Retrieval (Butterworths). Heavy emphasis on probabilistic models.\n1979: Tamas Doszkocs implemented the CITE natural language user interface for MEDLINE at the National Library of Medicine. The CITE system supported free form query input, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software maintenance-Software maintenance-Software maintenance in software engineering is the modification of a software product after delivery to correct faults, to improve performance or other attributes.A common perception of maintenance is that it merely involves fixing defects. However, one study indicated that o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Contrastive distribution-Phonology-In phonology, two sounds of a language are said to be in contrastive distribution if replacing one with the other in the same phonological environment results in a change in meaning. If a sound is in contrastive distribution, it is considered a phoneme in that language.\nFor example,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Statistical learning theory-Introduction-Depending on the type of output, supervised learning problems are either problems of regression or problems of classification. If the output takes a continuous range of values, it is a regression problem. Using Ohm's Law as an example, a regression could be performed with volta... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cold start (recommender systems)-Systems affected-There are three cases of cold start: New community: refers to the start-up of the recommender, when, although a catalogue of items might exist, almost no users are present and the lack of user interaction makes it very hard to provide reliable recommendations New item:... | large_corpus_distillation |
linear classification algorithms include Winnow, support-vector machine, and logistic regression." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Covariance and contravariance (computer science)-Generic types-This ensures that e.g. cat IntMap.t is a subtype of animal IntMap.t." | large_corpus_distillation |
interval; early exit by including an additional condition for exit.\na Eiffel supports a reserved word retry, however it is used in exception handling, not loop control.\na Requires Java Modeling Language (JML) behavioral interface specification language.\na Requires loop variants to be integers; transfinite variants a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Android Privacy Guard-Android Privacy Guard-The application allows the user to store the credentials of other users with whom they interact, and to encrypt files such that only a specified user can decrypt them. In the same manner, if a file is received from another user and its credentials are saved, the receiver can... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Glossary of graph theory-C-cycle 1. A cycle may be either a kind of graph or a kind of walk. As a walk it may be either be a closed walk (also called a tour) or more usually a closed walk without repeated vertices and consequently edges (also called a simple cycle). In the latter case it is usually regarded as a graph... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Selection cutting-Implementing A Selection System-Following this method with well performed forest inventories should see the right amount of cutting. However, reality has shown about a third of forests are overcut and a third are undercut. It appears that the model also departs from reality in many cases, and so cann... | large_corpus_distillation |
Bash vulnerabilities, one based upon the fact that Bash is typically compiled without address space layout randomization. On 1 October, Zalewski released details of the final bugs and confirmed that a patch by Florian Weimer from Red Hat posted on 25 September does indeed prevent them. He has done that using a fuzzing ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Virtual memory-Paged virtual memory-Data buffers that are accessed directly by peripheral devices that use direct memory access or I/O channels must reside in pinned pages while the I/O operation is in progress because such devices and the buses to which they are attached expect to find data buffers located at physica... | large_corpus_distillation |
x86 applications and operating systems was particularly poor. Itanium-based systems were produced by HP and its successor Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) as the Integrity Servers line, and by several other manufacturers. In 2008, Itanium was the fourth-most deployed microprocessor architecture for enterprise-class sys... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Doob's martingale convergence theorems-Statement for discrete-time martingales-As intuition, there are two reasons why a sequence may fail to converge. It may go off to infinity, or it may oscillate. The boundedness condition prevents the former from happening. The latter is impossible by a \"gambling\" argument. Spec... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CHAPTER OVERVIEW\n12: Finite Sampling Models\nThis chapter explores a number of models and problems based on sampling from a finite population. Sampling without replacement\nfrom a population of objects of various types leads to the hypergeometric and multivariate hypergeometric models. Sampling with\nreplacement from... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Local regression-Model definition-At each point in the range of the data set a low-degree polynomial is fitted to a subset of the data, with explanatory variable values near the point whose response is being estimated. The polynomial is fitted using weighted least squares, giving more weight to points near the point w... | large_corpus_distillation |
openness is known as \"free\" or \"open-source.\" Limitations Since license agreements do not override applicable copyright law or contract law, provisions in conflict with applicable law are not enforceable. Some software is specifically licensed and not sold, in order to avoid limitations of copyright such as the fir... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Product finder-E-commerce (using machine learning)-Large scale item categorization Online commerce has gained a lot of popularity over the past decade. Large online consumer to consumer marketplaces such as eBay, Amazon, and Alibaba feature millions of items with more entered into the marketplace every day. Item categ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Universal quantification-As adjoint-In category theory and the theory of elementary topoi, the universal quantifier can be understood as the right adjoint of a functor between power sets, the inverse image functor of a function between sets; likewise, the existential quantifier is the left adjoint.For a set X , let ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dark pool-Operation-Iceberg orders Some markets allow dark liquidity to be posted inside the existing limit order book alongside public liquidity, usually through the use of iceberg orders. Iceberg orders generally specify an additional \"display quantity\"\u2014i.e., smaller than the overall order quantity. The order... | large_corpus_distillation |
points into k clusters. One of the two problems that Gonzalez solve in this way seeks to minimize the maximum diameter of a cluster, while the other, known as the metric k-center problem, seeks to minimize the maximum radius, the distance from a chosen central point of a cluster to the farthest point from it in the sam... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cryptography standards-U.S. Government Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS)-FIPS PUB 140-2 Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules 2001, defines four increasing security levels FIPS PUB 171 Key Management Using ANSI X9.17 (ANSI X9.17-1985) 1992, based on DES FIPS PUB 180-2 Secure Hash Standard (SHS... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cloud communications-Risks-Cloud technology still must exist on physical servers, and the physical location of those servers is important under many nation's laws." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Beck Depression Inventory-Beck Depression Inventory-In its current version, the BDI-II is designed for individuals aged 13 and over, and is composed of items relating to symptoms of depression such as hopelessness and irritability, cognitions such as guilt or feelings of being punished, as well as physical symptoms su... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Secret sharing-Limitations-Several secret-sharing schemes are said to be information-theoretically secure and can be proven to be so, while others give up this unconditional security for improved efficiency while maintaining enough security to be considered as secure as other common cryptographic primitives. For examp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ID/LP grammar-Parsing in ID/LP Grammars-Direct Parsing of an Ordered ID/LP Grammar Parsing an ID/LP Grammar, directly, generates a set list that will determine whether the production of the string will be accepted or fail. The algorithm follows 6 Steps (the symbols used can also represents the Syntactic Categories): F... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Heuristic (psychology)-Informal models of heuristics-The decision maker continues to pour investment into the operation with the hope of turning it around, hence reflecting the escalation of commitment heuristic. Aside from being relevant to decision makers in firms and organisations, escalation of commitment is also ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transport Layer Security-Protocol details-Protocol message(s) One or more messages identified by the Protocol field. Note that this field may be encrypted depending on the state of the connection.\nMAC and padding A message authentication code computed over the \"protocol message(s)\" field, with additional key materi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Receiver operating characteristic-Curves in ROC space-In binary classification, the class prediction for each instance is often made based on a continuous random variable X , which is a \"score\" computed for the instance (e.g. the estimated probability in logistic regression). Given a threshold parameter T , the in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Highly cototient number-Primes-The first few highly cototient numbers which are primes are 2, 23, 47, 59, 83, 89, 113, 167, 269, 389, 419, 509, 659, 839, 1049, 1259, 1889, 2099, 2309, 2729, 3359, 3989, 4289, 4409, 5879, 6089, 6719, 9029, 9239, ... (sequence A105440 in the OEIS) " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Word-sense disambiguation-Difficulties-Both WSD and part-of-speech tagging involve disambiguating or tagging with words. However, algorithms used for one do not tend to work well for the other, mainly because the part of speech of a word is primarily determined by the immediately adjacent one to three words, whereas t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fragile binary interface problem-Solutions-Another solution is to write out an intermediate file listing the offsets and other information from the compile stage, known as meta-data. The linker then uses this information to correct itself when the library is loaded into an application. Platforms such as .NET do this." | large_corpus_distillation |
EAI middleware has been an increased amount of software for organizations to manage and maintain, simply for the use of particular data. In addition to routine maintenance costs, a cascading amount of software updates are required as the format of the data changes. The existence of this situation contributes to the att... | large_corpus_distillation |
distributions of scale-free networks. This is because sampling the network uniformly will not collect enough samples from the characteristic heavy tail part of the power-law degree distribution to properly estimate it. However, sampling random friends incorporates more nodes from the tail of the degree distribution (i.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Parsing expression grammar-Disadvantages-It is an open problem to give a concrete example of a context-free language which cannot be recognized by a parsing expression grammar. In particular, it is open whether a parsing expression grammar can recognize the language of palindromes." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Calculator-Internal workings-A printing calculator, in addition to a display panel, has a printing unit that prints results in ink onto a roll of paper, using a printing mechanism." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Synchronous dynamic random-access memory-DDR SDRAM prefetch architecture-Each generation of SDRAM has a different prefetch buffer size: DDR SDRAM's prefetch buffer size is 2n (two datawords per memory access) DDR2 SDRAM's prefetch buffer size is 4n (four datawords per memory access) DDR3 SDRAM's prefetch buffer size i... | large_corpus_distillation |
an r-nomial queue if nodes of the polynomial of trees are associated with keys in heap property." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Horvitz\u2013Thompson estimator-Proof of Horvitz-Thompson Unbiased Estimation of the Mean-The Horvitz\u2013Thompson estimator can be shown to be unbiased when evaluating the expectation of the Horvitz\u2013Thompson estimator, EX\u00afnHT , as follows: EX\u00afnHT=E1N\u2211i=1nXIi\u03c0Ii =E1N\u2211i=1NXi\u03c0i1i\u22... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Link grammar-Parsing algorithm-Planarity The parsing algorithm also requires that the final graph is a planar graph, i.e. that no links cross. This constraint is based on empirical psycho-linguistic evidence that, indeed, for most languages, in nearly all situations, dependency links really do not cross. There are rar... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Disparity filter algorithm of weighted network-Overview of other network reduction algorithms and their limitations-k-core decomposition k-core decomposition is an algorithm that reduces a graph into a maximal connected subgraph of vertices with at least degree k. This algorithm can only be applied to unweighted graph... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cross-validation (statistics)-Cross-validation (statistics)-One round of cross-validation involves partitioning a sample of data into complementary subsets, performing the analysis on one subset (called the training set), and validating the analysis on the other subset (called the validation set or testing set). To re... | large_corpus_distillation |
sporadic groups is 12 , as a maximal subgroup inside the third-largest third generation sporadic group, Harada-Norton group HN . While 22 or 12 are not maximal subgroups of the largest sporadic group, the friendly giant F1 , one of its maximal subgroup is 12 ):2 . More deeply, the double cover 2." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Binary search algorithm-Performance-Derivation of average case The average number of iterations performed by binary search depends on the probability of each element being searched. The average case is different for successful searches and unsuccessful searches. It will be assumed that each element is equally likely t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Concentration inequality-Concentration inequality-In probability theory, concentration inequalities provide bounds on how a random variable deviates from some value (typically, its expected value). The law of large numbers of classical probability theory states that sums of independent random variables are, under very... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lebesgue's universal covering problem-Lebesgue's universal covering problem-Lebesgue's universal covering problem is an unsolved problem in geometry that asks for the convex shape of smallest area that can cover every planar set of diameter one. The diameter of a set by definition is the least upper bound of the dista... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Skorokhod's representation theorem-Skorokhod's representation theorem-In mathematics and statistics, Skorokhod's representation theorem is a result that shows that a weakly convergent sequence of probability measures whose limit measure is sufficiently well-behaved can be represented as the distribution/law of a point... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rorschach Performance Assessment System-Rorschach Performance Assessment System-The R-PAS is an empirically based, and internationally normed scoring system that is easier to use than Exner's Comprehensive System. The R-PAS manual is intended to be a comprehensive tool for administering, scoring, and interpreting the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Entropic vector-Characterizing entropic vectors: the region \u0393n*-These inequalities provide outer bounds for \u0393n\u2217\u00af better than the Shannon-type bound \u0393n In 2007, Matus proved that no finite set of linear inequalities is sufficient (to deduce all as linear combinations), for n\u22654 variables... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Semantic analysis (linguistics)-Semantic analysis (linguistics)-In linguistics, semantic analysis is the process of relating syntactic structures, from the levels of words, phrases, clauses, sentences and paragraphs to the level of the writing as a whole, to their language-independent meanings. It also involves removi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cloud computing-Service models-Software as a service (SaaS) The NIST's definition of cloud computing defines Software as a Service as: The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider's applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through eit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Aviation transponder interrogation modes-Interrogation modes-Issues with Mode S transponders An issue with Mode S transponders arises when pilots enter the wrong flight identity code into the Mode S transponder. In this case, the capabilities of ACAS II and Mode S SSR can be degraded.\nExtended squitter In 2009 the IC... | large_corpus_distillation |
"StableUpdate-History-The project was started in 2004 and it is now continued by the second maintainer. It is now used as an update module in various areas, from experimental research software to pharmacy databases. It needs attention to configure, but, as one of its users says, \"Once it worked though, it seemed to wo... | large_corpus_distillation |
Mild: 7.854, 2.802; Moderate: 4.712, 2.171; Severe: 3.142, 1.772\n2. 0.7762\nThis page titled 14.8: Poisson Processes on General Spaces is shared under a CC BY 2.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Kyle Siegrist (Random Services) via\nsource content that was edited to the style and standards of the L... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Distributed morphology-Morphological operations-Apart from the operations described above, some researchers (Embick 1997 among others) have suggested that there are morphemes that represent purely formal features and are inserted post-syntactically but before spell-out: these morphemes are called \"dissociated morphem... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cache coherency protocols (examples)-Cache coherency problem-In systems as Multiprocessor system, multi-core and NUMA system, where a dedicated cache for each processor, core or node is used, a consistency problem may occur when a same data is stored in more than one cache. This problem arises when a data is modified ... | large_corpus_distillation |
no or very little sequence similarity among these virophages." | large_corpus_distillation |
"K-approximation of k-hitting set-Relation to linear programming-This algorithm is an instance of the primal-dual method, also called the pricing method. The intuition is that it is dual to a linear programming algorithm. For an explanation see http://algo.inria.fr/seminars/sem00-01/vazirani.html." | large_corpus_distillation |
broadcast is sufficient for several compressed channels." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Open-source software-Open-source software development-It is flexible because modular systems allow programmers to build custom interfaces, or add new abilities to it and it is innovative since open-source programs are the product of collaboration among a large number of different programmers. The mix of divergent pers... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transitive reduction-In directed acyclic graphs-Transitive reduction has been used on networks which can be represented as directed acyclic graphs (e.g. citation graphs or citation networks) to reveal structural differences between networks." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gauss\u2013Jacobi quadrature-Gauss\u2013Jacobi quadrature-Gauss\u2013Jacobi quadrature uses \u03c9(x) = (1 \u2212 x)\u03b1 (1 + x)\u03b2 as the weight function. The corresponding sequence of orthogonal polynomials consist of Jacobi polynomials. Thus, the Gauss\u2013Jacobi quadrature rule on n points has the form \u222... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Control unit-Pipelined control units-When operating efficiently, a pipelined computer will have an instruction in each stage. It is then working on all of those instructions at the same time. It can finish about one instruction for each cycle of its clock. When a program makes a decision, and switches to a different s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cardinality of the continuum-Properties-Since each real number can be broken into an integer part and a decimal fraction, we get: where we used the fact that On the other hand, if we map 2={0,1} to {3,7} and consider that decimal fractions containing only 3 or 7 are only a part of the real numbers, then we get and t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Parity of a permutation-Generalizations-Parity can be generalized to Coxeter groups: one defines a length function \u2113(v), which depends on a choice of generators (for the symmetric group, adjacent transpositions), and then the function v \u21a6 (\u22121)\u2113(v) gives a generalized sign map." | large_corpus_distillation |
"4-bit computing-Details-With 4 bits, it is possible to create 16 different values. All single-digit hexadecimal numbers can be written with four bits.\nBinary-coded decimal is a digital encoding method for numbers using decimal notation, with each decimal digit represented by four bits." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Online newspaper-Hybrid newspapers-Hybrid newspapers are predominantly focused on online content, but also produce a print form. Trends in online newspapers indicate publications may switch to digital methods, especially online newspapers in the future. The New York Times is an example of this model of the newspaper a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lipogram-Dropping letters-The book Ella Minnow Pea by Mark Dunn (2001) is described as a \"progressively lipogrammatic epistolary fable\": the plot of the story deals with a small country that begins to outlaw the use of various letters as the tiles of each letter fall off of a statue. As each letter is outlawed withi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Feedback vertex set-Approximation-The undirected problem is APX-complete. This follows from the following facts." | large_corpus_distillation |
"1.8: Levels of Measurement\nLearning Objectives\nDefine and distinguish among nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales\nIdentify a scale type\nDiscuss the type of scale used in psychological measurement\nGive examples of errors that can be made by failing to understand the proper use of measurement scales\nTypes o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"AA tree-Balancing rotations-function skew is input: T, a node representing an AA tree that needs to be rebalanced.\noutput: Another node representing the rebalanced AA tree.\nif nil(T) then return Nil else if nil(left(T)) then return T else if level(left(T)) == level(T) then Swap the pointers of horizontal left links.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shift key-Shift key-On the US layout and similar keyboard layouts, characters that typically require the use of the shift key include the parentheses, the question mark, the exclamation point, and the colon.\nWhen the caps lock key is engaged, the shift key may be used to type lowercase letters on many operating syste... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mobile radio-Nomenclature: Two-way versus telephone-The distinction between radiotelephones and two-way radio is becoming blurred as the two technologies merge. The backbone or infrastructure supporting the system defines which category or taxonomy applies. A parallel to this concept is the convergence of computing an... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Debriefing-Efficacy and challenges-Below are some ways to maximize team effectiveness, avoid the common challenges faced in debriefing, and maintain high team performance: Avoid discussing task work issues, and instead, focus on addressing teamwork issues. Teamwork is especially important when team members need to rel... | large_corpus_distillation |
used idiomatically, which means an event happens rarely, like the blue moon itself. An example in a sentence: \"My sister lives in Alaska, so I only see her once in a blue moon.\"One lunation (an average lunar cycle) is 29.53 days. There are about 365.24 days in a tropical year. Therefore, about 12.37 lunations (365.24... | large_corpus_distillation |
regions of space created by the\nequation, and differentiating implicitly midpoint rule | a rule that uses a Riemann sum of coordinate planes\nthe form \\displaystyle M_n=\\sum^n_{i=1}f(m_i)\u0394x,\nlogarithmic function | a function of the form where m_i is the midpoint of the i^{\\text{th}} odd function | a function ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"4k2 =2b2 (1.1.3)\nor\n2k2 =b2 (1.1.4)\nTherefore b2 is also even and so b must be even too. But this is impossible. We\u2019ve just concluded that a and b are both even and\nthis conclusion follows directly from our initial assumption that at most one of them could be even.\nThis is nonsense. Where is our error? It is... | large_corpus_distillation |
with the gradient of\ng (\u03b1):\ni\n\u2207g (\u03b1) = 1I(1\u2212Y f (X ) \u22650)Y IKe\ni i \u03b1 i i i\nWith this we bound the gradient of the \u03d5-risk R\u02c6 (f ) = 1 n g (\u03b1).\nn,\u03d5 \u03b1 n Pi=1 i\nn n\n\u2202 (cid:13)1 (cid:13) 1\n(cid:13)\n(cid:13) (cid:13)\u2202\u03b1\nR\u02c6\nn,\u03d5\n(f\n\u03... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Inverted index-Inverted index-There are two main variants of inverted indexes: A record-level inverted index (or inverted file index or just inverted file) contains a list of references to documents for each word. A word-level inverted index (or full inverted index or inverted list) additionally contains the positions... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Timed propositional temporal logic-Syntax-a freeze quantification operator x.\u03d5 , for \u03d5 a TPTL formula with set of clocks X\u222a{x} .Furthermore, for I=(a,b) an interval, x\u2208I is considered as an abbreviation for x>a\u2227x<b ; and similarly for every other kind of intervals.\nThe logic TPTL+Past i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Noisy-channel coding theorem-Channel coding theorem for non-stationary memoryless channels-We assume that the channel is memoryless, but its transition probabilities change with time, in a fashion known at the transmitter as well as the receiver.\nThen the channel capacity is given by lim inf max p(X1),p(X2),...1n\u22... | large_corpus_distillation |
alone cannot establish this alignment. To capture these semantic similarities, embeddings are being adopted in ontology matching. By encoding semantic relationships and contextual information, embeddings enable the calculation of similarity scores between entities based on the proximity of their vector representations ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Prediction interval-Prediction interval-In statistical inference, specifically predictive inference, a prediction interval is an estimate of an interval in which a future observation will fall, with a certain probability, given what has already been observed. Prediction intervals are often used in regression analysis.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bin packing problem-Bin packing problem-The bin packing problem is an optimization problem, in which items of different sizes must be packed into a finite number of bins or containers, each of a fixed given capacity, in a way that minimizes the number of bins used. The problem has many applications, such as filling up... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Service-oriented programming-Fundamental concepts-Service invoker A service invoker makes service requests. It is a pluggable in-memory interface that abstracts the location of a service producer as well as the communication protocol, used between the consumer and producer when going across computer memory, from the S... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Selection algorithm-Lower bounds-For deterministic algorithms, it has been shown that selecting the k th element requires (1+H(k/n))n+\u03a9(n) comparisons, where is the binary entropy function. The special case of median-finding has a slightly larger lower bound on the number of comparisons, at least (2+\u03b5)n ,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Unix philosophy-\"Worse is better\"-Richard P. Gabriel suggests that a key advantage of Unix was that it embodied a design philosophy he termed \"worse is better\", in which simplicity of both the interface and the implementation are more important than any other attributes of the system\u2014including correctness, co... | large_corpus_distillation |
it won\u2019t be possible to achieve the above approximate\nequality with equality since the right hand side, if exponentiated, wouldn\u2019t define a valid\ndistribution (because of the ML fitting). The distribution that minimizes the maximum\ndeviation in Eq.(8) is given by\nexp(max l(y ,...,y ; \u03b8))\nP (y ,...,y... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tanh-sinh quadrature-Use-However, Tanh-Sinh quadrature is not as efficient as Gaussian quadrature for smooth integrands; but unlike Gaussian quadrature, tends to work equally well with integrands having singularities or infinite derivatives at one or both endpoints of the integration interval as already noted. Further... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MetaGer-Features-Search queries are relayed to as many as 50 search engines. The results are filtered, compiled and sorted before being presented to the user." | large_corpus_distillation |
"One-way compression function-Construction from block ciphers-One-way compression functions are often built from block ciphers.\nBlock ciphers take (like one-way compression functions) two fixed size inputs (the key and the plaintext) and return one single output (the ciphertext) which is the same size as the input pla... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gray code-Special types of Gray codes-Single-track Gray code Yet another kind of Gray code is the single-track Gray code (STGC) developed by Norman B. Spedding and refined by Hiltgen, Paterson and Brandestini in \"Single-track Gray codes\" (1996). The STGC is a cyclical list of P unique binary encodings of length n su... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Grushko theorem-Sketch of Stalling's proof-Proof of Grushko theorem Suppose that G=A\u2217B is generated by {g1,g2,\u2026,gn} . Let F be the free group with n -generators, viz. {f1,f2,\u2026,fn} . Consider the homomorphism h:F\u2192G given by h(fi)=gi , where i=1,\u2026,n By the lemma, there exists free groups... | large_corpus_distillation |
"See Figure 14.7.4.\nFigure 14.7.4: The second derivative test can often determine whether a function of two variables has local minima (a), local\nmaxima (b), or a saddle point (c).\nTo apply the second derivative test, it is necessary that we first find the critical points of the function. There are several steps\nin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Merge sort-Algorithm-function merge_sort(list m) is // Base case. A list of zero or one elements is sorted, by definition.\nif length of m \u2264 1 then return m // Recursive case. First, divide the list into equal-sized sublists // consisting of the first half and second half of the list.\n// This assumes lists start... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Convention over configuration-Convention over configuration-The phrase essentially means a developer only needs to specify unconventional aspects of the application. For example, if there is a class Sales in the model, the corresponding table in the database is called \"sales\" by default. It is only if one deviates f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Information content-Examples-Unsurprisingly, the information content of learning that both dice were rolled as the same particular number is more than the information content of learning that one dice was one number and the other was a different number. Take for examples the events Ak={(X,Y)=(k,k)} and Bj,k={cj=1}\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Leap year starting on Monday-Holidays-International Valentine's Day falls on a Wednesday The leap day (February 29) falls on a Thursday World Day for Grandparents and the Elderly falls on its latest possible date, July 28 Halloween falls on a Thursday Christmas Day falls on a Wednesday Roman Catholic Solemnities Epiph... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Execution (computing)-Interpreter-A system that executes a program is called an interpreter of the program. Loosely speaking, an interpreter directly executes a program. This contrasts with a language translator that converts a program from one language to another before it is executed." | large_corpus_distillation |
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