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"Multinomial logistic regression-Model-The resulting equations for the probabilities are Pr (Yi=k)=e\u03b2k\u22c5Xi\u2211j=1Ke\u03b2j\u22c5Xi,k\u2264K .Or generally: Pr (Yi=c)=e\u03b2c\u22c5Xi\u2211j=1Ke\u03b2j\u22c5Xi The following function: softmax \u2061(k,x1,\u2026,xn)=exk\u2211i=1nexi is referred to as the softmax... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dale\u2013Chall readability formula-Formula-The formula for calculating the raw score of the Dale\u2013Chall readability score (1948) is given below: 0.1579 difficult words words 100 0.0496 words sentences ) If the percentage of difficult words is above 5%, then add 3.6365 to the raw score to get the adjusted score, o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Numerical linear algebra-Iterative methods-The core of many iterative methods in numerical linear algebra is the projection of a matrix onto a lower dimensional Krylov subspace, which allows features of a high-dimensional matrix to be approximated by iteratively computing the equivalent features of similar matrices st... | large_corpus_distillation |
max |R(f) \u2212 R (f)| > \ufffd = P (\u2203f \u2208 F s.t. |R(f) \u2212 R (f)| > \ufffd) (7)\nn i n\nf\u2208Fi\n\ufffd\n\u2264 P (|R(f) \u2212 R (f)| > \ufffd) (8)\nn\nf \u2208Fi\nwhere we have used the union bound P (A \u222a A \u222a ...) \u2264 P (A )+ P (A )+ ... for any set\n1 2 1 2\nof events A ,A ,... (not nece... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Online optimization-Online optimization-In many situations, present decisions (for example, resources allocation) must be made with incomplete knowledge of the future or distributional assumptions on the future are not reliable. In such cases, online optimization can be used, which is different from other approaches s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Loss of tail-rotor effectiveness-Indications of onset-Many factors affect the onset of LTE, but no matter which way it occurs, the clues are present: An environment of low airspeed, and a demand for power.\nAn unintended yaw that may even be opposite to pedal input." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lempel\u2013Ziv\u2013Markov chain algorithm-Compression algorithm details-The cache/cache_size variables are used to properly handle carries, and represent a number defined by a big-endian sequence starting with the cache value, and followed by cache_size 0xff bytes, which has been shifted out of the low register, but... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Comparison of email clients-Protocol support-Communication and access protocol support What email and related protocols and standards are supported by each client.\nIntegration protocol support Authentication support SSL and TLS support" | large_corpus_distillation |
"N-ary group-(n,m)-group-The concept of an n-ary group can be further generalized to that of an (n,m)-group, also known as a vector valued group, which is a set G with a map f: Gn \u2192 Gm where n > m, subject to similar axioms as for an n-ary group except that the result of the map is a word consisting of m letters i... | large_corpus_distillation |
as possible, i.e. S1={1,\u2026,k} where max 1\u2264k\u2032\u2264n\u2211i=1k\u2032wi\u2264W . Furthermore, construct a second solution S2={k+1} containing the first item that did not fit. Since S1\u222aS2 provides an upper bound for the LP relaxation of the problem, one of the sets must have value at least m/2 ; we... | large_corpus_distillation |
and the codes in the second part will all start with 1.\nRecursively apply the steps 3 and 4 to each of the two halves, subdividing groups and adding bits to the codes until each symbol has become a corresponding code leaf on the tree.\nExample We continue with the previous example.\nAll symbols are sorted by frequency... | large_corpus_distillation |
10 .\nProof\nE(M )=P\u2032 (1)\nRecall that 10 10 so the stated result follows from calculus, using the previous theorem on the probability\nE(M )=\u2211\u221e nf (n)\ngenerating function. The mean can also be computed from the definition 10 n=0 10 using standard results\nfrom geometric series, but this method is more ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hidden Markov model-Definition-Let Xn and Yn be discrete-time stochastic processes and n\u22651 . The pair (Xn,Yn) is a hidden Markov model if Xn is a Markov process whose behavior is not directly observable (\"hidden\"); P\u2061(Yn\u2208A|X1=x1,\u2026,Xn=xn)=P\u2061(Yn\u2208A|Xn=xn), for every n\u22651, x1,\u202... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Randomized weighted majority algorithm-Uses of Randomized Weighted Majority Algorithm (RWMA)-The Randomized Weighted Majority Algorithm can be used to combine multiple algorithms in which case RWMA can be expected to perform nearly as well as the best of the original algorithms in hindsight." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Forward secrecy-Forward secrecy-The value of forward secrecy is limited not only by the assumption that an adversary will attack a server by only stealing keys and not modifying the random number generator used by the server but it is also limited by the assumption that the adversary will only passively collect traffi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Loop-level parallelism-Types-DISTRIBUTED loop When a loop has a loop-carried dependence, one way to parallelize it is to distribute the loop into several different loops. Statements that are not dependent on each other are separated so that these distributed loops can be executed in parallel. For example, consider the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pointer (computer programming)-Support in various programming languages-However, an exception to this is from using the IntPtr structure, which is a memory managed equivalent to int*, and does not require the unsafe keyword nor the CompilerServices assembly. This type is often returned when using methods from the Syst... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Record-oriented filesystem-Advantages and costs-There is a cost associated with record oriented files. The length definition takes up space. On a magnetic tape that definition takes the form of an inter-record gap. On a disk a meta data area must be allocated. This is minimal in a file where all the records are the sa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Baum\u2013Welch algorithm-Example-We then take a set of observations (E = eggs, N = no eggs): N, N, N, N, N, E, E, N, N, N This gives us a set of observed transitions between days: NN, NN, NN, NN, NE, EE, EN, NN, NN The next step is to estimate a new transition matrix. For example, the probability of the sequence NN a... | large_corpus_distillation |
values of 5 bits in the combination field. The remaining combinations encode infinities and NaNs.\nIn the case of Infinity and NaN, all other bits of the encoding are ignored. Thus, it is possible to initialize an array to Infinities or NaNs by filling it with a single byte value.\nBinary integer significand field This... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Filter (set theory)-Preliminaries, notation, and basic notions-Warning about using strict comparison If x\u2219=(xi)i\u2208I is a net and i\u2208I then it is possible for the set and j\u2208I}, which is called the tail of x\u2219 after i , to be empty (for example, this happens if i is an upper bound of the dir... | large_corpus_distillation |
"PassWindow-Mutual authentication-Passive mutual authentication with PassWindow In the simplest case, the client verifies that the server from which they are receiving their challenge by confirming that the solution is intelligible when they superimpose their key over the challenge. An unintelligible or corrupted chall... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rubber band experiment-A simple qualitative model-We can see that the entropy of a rubber band will decrease when stretched. After the rubber band equilibrates back to room temperature it has the same internal energy it had at the beginning according to our model but a lower entropy because dU is 0 and b, \u0394L and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"External memory graph traversal-External memory depth-first search-1 procedure BGVW-depth-first-search(G, v): 2 let S be a stack, P[] a priority queue for each node and D a BRT 3 S.push(v) 4 while S is not empty 5 v = S.top() 6 if v is not marked: 7 mark(v) 8 extract all edges (v, x) from D, \u2200 x: P[v].delete(x) ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tuple relational calculus-Semantic and syntactic restriction of the calculus-Safe queries In order to limit the query expressions such that they express only domain-independent queries a syntactical notion of safe query is usually introduced. To determine whether a query expression is safe we will derive two types of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"1\nf(x)= , x\u2208S (3.1.13)\nmn\nProof\n#(Dn)=mn\nRecall that .\nn D m n\u2264m X\nSuppose that elements are chosen at random, without replacement from a set with elements (so ). Let denote\nX S n\nthe ordered sequence of elements chosen. Then is uniformly distributed on the set of permutations of size chosen from\nD... | large_corpus_distillation |
group was given different combinations of list lengths and presentation rates. Three of the groups were shown lists of ten, fifteen, and twenty words with a presentation rate of two seconds per word. The other three groups were shown lists of twenty, thirty, and forty words with a one-second presentation rate for each ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reduced instruction set computer-Characteristics and design philosophy-Hardware utilization For any given level of general performance, a RISC chip will typically have far fewer transistors dedicated to the core logic which originally allowed designers to increase the size of the register set and increase internal par... | large_corpus_distillation |
"DNA annotation-DNA annotation-In molecular biology and genetics, DNA annotation or genome annotation is the process of describing the structure and function of the components of a genome, by analyzing and interpreting them in order to extract their biological significance and understand the biological processes in whi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Permuted congruential generator-Variants-Finally, if a cycle length longer than 2128 is required, the generator can be extended with an array of sub-generators. One is chosen (in rotation) to be added to the main generator's output, and every time the main generator's state reaches zero, the sub-generators are cycled ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Real-time computing-Real-time and high-performance-Real-time computing is sometimes misunderstood to be high-performance computing, but this is not an accurate classification. For example, a massive supercomputer executing a scientific simulation may offer impressive performance, yet it is not executing a real-time co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Special Interest Group on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining-Conference history-These 4489 papers had received 112570 citations in total across 3033 venues.\n56% of these 3033 venues are recognized as top 25 venues in the field.The annual conference of ACM SIGKDD has received the highest rating A* from independent or... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Plural-Use in systems of grammatical number-Ghil'ad Zuckermann uses the term superplural to refer to massive plural. He argues that the Australian Aboriginal Barngarla language has four grammatical numbers: singular, dual, plural and superplural.:\u200a227\u2013228\u200a For example: w\u00e1rraidya \"emu\" (singular) ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"False precision-False precision-False precision (also called overprecision, fake precision, misplaced precision and spurious precision) occurs when numerical data are presented in a manner that implies better precision than is justified; since precision is a limit to accuracy (in the ISO definition of accuracy), this ... | large_corpus_distillation |
Such a base learner would be expected to lead to a\n\u02c6\nlarge reduction of the training loss. Once we have this \u03b8 we can subsequently optimize\nm\n\u02c6 \u02c6\nthe training loss J(\u03b1 ,\u03b8 ) with respect to \u03b1 for a fixed \u03b8 .\nm m m m\nWe have now essentially all the components to define the A... | large_corpus_distillation |
and f(1,y)=1\u2228y=1 it follows that f(x,y)=y\u2295x(y\u22951) by distribution, we get the final ANF: f(x,y)=y\u2295xy\u2295x=x\u2295y\u2295xy " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Enumerative combinatorics-Enumerative combinatorics-Often, a complicated closed formula yields little insight into the behavior of the counting function as the number of counted objects grows. In these cases, a simple asymptotic approximation may be preferable. A function g(n) is an asymptotic approximation to f(n)... | large_corpus_distillation |
"National Cipher Challenge-National Cipher Challenge-The National Cipher Challenge is an annual cryptographic competition organised by the University of Southampton School of Mathematics. Competitors attempt to break cryptograms published on the competition website. In the 2017, more than 7,500 students took part in th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quadratically constrained quadratic program-Relaxation-There are two main relaxations of QCQP: using semidefinite programming (SDP), and using the reformulation-linearization technique (RLT). For some classes of QCQP problems (precisely, QCQPs with zero diagonal elements in the data matrices), second-order cone progra... | large_corpus_distillation |
occur in some cases even when the statistical associational strength is high (Levine 1971)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"BETA (programming language)-Features-As another comparison, a procedure in C++ could have the form In BETA, such a function could be written using a pattern The x, y and z are local variables. The enter keyword specifies the input parameters to the pattern, while the exit keyword specifies the result of the function. ... | large_corpus_distillation |
be drawn about the security of the algorithm as a result; FIPS evaluations do not necessarily inspect source code or evaluate the way RNG seeds are generated." | large_corpus_distillation |
"T1 space-Definitions-Let X be a topological space and let x and y be points in X. We say that x and y are separated if each lies in a neighbourhood that does not contain the other point.\nX is called a T1 space if any two distinct points in X are separated." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Language-based security-Techniques-Securing low-level code Vulnerabilities in low-level code are bugs or flaws that will lead the program into a state where further behavior of the program is undefined by the source programming language. The behavior of the low-level program will depend on compiler, runtime system or ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Routing in delay-tolerant networking-Replication-based routing-RAPID protocol The core of the RAPID protocol is based around the concept of a utility function. A utility function assigns a utility value, Ui , to every packet i , which is based on the metric being optimized. Ui is defined as the expected contributio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Calling convention-Architectures-ARM (A64) The 64-bit ARM (AArch64) calling convention allocates the 31 general-purpose registers as: x31 (SP): Stack pointer or a zero register, depending on context.\nx30 (LR): Procedure link register, used to return from subroutines.\nx29 (FP): Frame pointer.\nx19 to x29: Callee-save... | large_corpus_distillation |
"SXAL/MBAL-SXAL/MBAL-In cryptography, SXAL (substitution xor algorithm, sometimes called SXAL8) is a block cipher designed in 1993 by Yokohama-based Laurel Intelligent Systems. It is normally used in a special mode of operation called MBAL (multi-block algorithm). SXAL/MBAL has been used for encryption in a number of J... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rijndael MixColumns-Galois Multiplication lookup tables-For instance, in C# these tables can be stored in Byte[256] arrays. In order to compute p * 3 The result is obtained this way: result = table_3[(int)p] Some of the most common instances of these lookup tables are as follows: Multiply by 2: 0x00,0x02,0x04,0x06,0x0... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Metasearch engine-Operation-Architecture of ranking Web pages that are highly ranked on many search engines are likely to be more relevant in providing useful information. However, all search engines have different ranking scores for each website and most of the time these scores are not the same. This is because sear... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Asynchronous array of simple processors-Applications-Blocks plug directly together with no required modifications. Power, throughput, and area results are typically many times better than existing programmable DSP processors.\nThe architecture enables a clean separation between programming and inter-processor timing h... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Jury theorem-Diverse capabilities: weakening the uniformity assumption-Weighted majority rule When the competence levels of the voters are known, the simple majority rule may not be the best decision rule. There are various works on identifying the optimal decision rule - the rule maximizing the group correctness prob... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Telecommand-Encryption-To prevent unauthorised access to the remote system, TC encryption may be employed. Secret sharing may be used." | large_corpus_distillation |
"ChemXSeer-Features-Dataset search: ChemXSeer provides tools to incorporate datasets from different experiments sources. The system is able to manipulate results from multiple formats such as XML, Microsoft Excel, Gaussian, and CHARMM, create databases, to allow direct queries over the data, create Metadata, using an a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dirichlet-multinomial distribution-Likelihood function-This yields the following: Pr (zdn=k\u2223Z(\u2212dn),W,\u03b1,\u03d5)\u221d(nk,d(\u2212n)+\u03b1k)F\u2061(wdn\u2223zdn,\u03d5) Here the probability density of F appears directly. To do random sampling over zdn , we would compute the unnormalized probabilities f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"2D adaptive filters-Approaches-The mean square error E{e2(n1,n2)} is minimized by updating the filter weights in a manner to converge to the optimum filter weight.\nAdvantages: IIR filters can satisfy the prescribed frequency response because it can reduce the filter`s order requirements.\nDisadvantages: The performa... | large_corpus_distillation |
proof, without looking at the rest of the bits. False negatives are not allowed: a valid proof must always be accepted. However, an invalid proof may sometimes mistakenly be accepted. For every invalid proof, the probability that the checker will accept it must be low.To transform a probabilistically checkable proof sy... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Education management information system-Scope-Information technology Information technology harnesses technology to facilitate efficient administration, management and education. This requires frequent staff training to ensure that educators at all levels are fully equipped with the needed skill set, and managers must... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mobile security-Malicious software (malware)-To begin with, malware can use runtime environments like Java virtual machine or the .NET Framework. They can also use other libraries present in many operating systems. Some malware carries several executable files in order to run in multiple environments, utilizing these ... | large_corpus_distillation |
algorithm used in at least 50 percent of all SSL/TLS traffic at the time, was a plausible avenue, given several publicly known weaknesses of RC4. Others have speculated that NSA has gained ability to crack 1024-bit RSA/DH keys. RC4 has since been prohibited for all versions of TLS by RFC 7465 in 2015, due to the RC4 at... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Neighbourhood components analysis-Explanation-In order to define A , we define an objective function describing classification accuracy in the transformed space and try to determine A\u2217 such that this objective function is maximized." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack-Mathematical model-In complexity-theoretic cryptography, security against adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks is commonly modeled using ciphertext indistinguishability (IND-CCA2)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"# initialization\nwhile loop_expression:\n# loop body\nif continue_condition:\ncontinue\ncontinue\n# remaining body of loop\n# statements after the loop\n# initialization\nfor loop_expression:\n# loop body\nif break_condition:\nbreak\nelse\n# remaining body of loop\nelse:\n# loop else statement\n# statements after the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Management Data Input/Output-Relationship with MII-MII has two signal interfaces: A Data interface to the Ethernet MAC, for sending and receiving Ethernet frame data.\nA PHY management interface, MDIO, used to read and write the control and status registers of the PHY in order to configure each PHY before operation, a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Static import-Ambiguity-If two static members of the same name are imported from multiple different classes, the compiler will throw an error, as it will not be able to determine which member to use in the absence of class name qualification.\nFor example, the following code will fail to compile: In this case, MAX_VAL... | large_corpus_distillation |
exists to minimize latency overhead resulting of migrating the task.:\u200aln 245,\u200a268\u2013272\u200aThe preemption order is similar to the above paragraph. The preemption order is hyperthreaded core / SMT units on the same multicore first, then the other core in the multicore, then the other CPU on the same NUMA ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Differential entropy-Definition-The continuous mutual information I(X;Y) has the distinction of retaining its fundamental significance as a measure of discrete information since it is actually the limit of the discrete mutual information of partitions of X and Y as these partitions become finer and finer. Thus it i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Memory paging-Thrashing-A worst case might occur on VAX processors. A single MOVL crossing a page boundary could have a source operand using a displacement deferred addressing mode, where the longword containing the operand address crosses a page boundary, and a destination operand using a displacement deferred addres... | large_corpus_distillation |
"5.23: The Semicircle Distribution\nThe Semicircle Distribution\nThe semicircle distribution plays a very important role in the study of random matrices. It is also known as the Wigner distribution\nin honor of the physicist Eugene Wigner, who did pioneering work on random matrices.\nThe Standard Semicircle Distributio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Critical Path Institute-Approach-In the interest of national and global public health, C-Path develops large databases of aggregated clinical trial data that can be used to study disease progression. These data are also used to develop and qualify biomarkers and clinical outcome assessment instruments that are shared ... | large_corpus_distillation |
methods of software development have been successfully used for safety and security critical systems. One reason why these formal methods are used is that it helps reduce the amount of testing required. For critical systems, the costs of verification and validation are usually very high\u2014more than 50% of the total ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"PPAD (complexity)-Relations to other complexity classes-PPAD is contained in (but not known to be equal to) PPA (the corresponding class of parity arguments for undirected graphs) which is contained in TFNP. PPAD is also contained in (but not known to be equal to) PPP, another subclass of TFNP. It contains CLS.PPAD is... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tf\u2013idf-Motivations-Term frequency Suppose we have a set of English text documents and wish to rank them by which document is more relevant to the query, \"the brown cow\". A simple way to start out is by eliminating documents that do not contain all three words \"the\", \"brown\", and \"cow\", but this still leav... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximin share-Existence of MMS-fair allocations-While MMS allocations are not guaranteed to exist, it has been proved that in random instances, MMS allocations exist with high probability. Kurokawa, Procaccia and Wang showed that this holds true for two cases: There are many items: ln \u2061n for some constant \u03b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Distributed minimum spanning tree-GHS algorithm-FragmentID(n)\u2260FragmentID(n\u2032) and Level(n)>Level(n\u2032) . We cannot make any conclusion. The reason is that the two nodes may belong to the same fragment already, but node n\u2032 has not discovered this fact yet due to the delay of a broadcast message. In t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Part of speech-Part of speech-In grammar, a part of speech or part-of-speech (abbreviated as POS or PoS, also known as word class or grammatical category) is a category of words (or, more generally, of lexical items) that have similar grammatical properties. Words that are assigned to the same part of speech generally... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Negation as failure-Autoepistemic semantics-The autoepistemics semantics of a pure Prolog program P with NAF literals is obtained by \"expanding\" P with a set of ground (variable-free) NAF literals \u0394 that is stable in the sense that \u0394 = { notp | p is not implied by P \u222a \u0394}In other words, a set of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Parsing expression grammar-Definition-Syntax Formally, a parsing expression grammar consists of: A finite set N of nonterminal symbols.\nA finite set \u03a3 of terminal symbols that is disjoint from N.\nA finite set P of parsing rules." | large_corpus_distillation |
, and t is a random variable with values in for each . But at\nG \u03c3 F t\u2208T G={G :t\u2208T}\nthis point our formulation diverges. Suppose that t is a sub -algebra of for each , and that t is decreasing so that if\ns, t\u2208T s\u2264t G \u2286G G =\u22c2 G Y G E(|Y |)<\u221e\nwith then t s. Let \u221e t\u2208T t... | large_corpus_distillation |
information (and not the terminating carrier). Or, the Caller ID information may be spoofed." | large_corpus_distillation |
"RC5-Description-RC5 is basically denoted as RC5-w/r/b where w=word size in bits, r=number of rounds, b=number of bytes in the key." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vigen\u00e8re cipher-Cryptanalysis-The primary weakness of the Vigen\u00e8re cipher is the repeating nature of its key. If a cryptanalyst correctly guesses the key's length n, the cipher text can be treated as n interleaved Caesar ciphers, which can easily be broken individually. The key length may be discovered by br... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Copula (linguistics)-Grammatical function-The predicative expression accompanying the copula, also known as the complement of the copula, may take any of several possible forms: it may be a noun or noun phrase, an adjective or adjective phrase, a prepositional phrase (as above) or an adverb or another adverbial phrase... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fuzzy set-Definition-Distance and similarity For any fuzzy set A the membership function \u03bcA:U\u2192[0,1] can be regarded as a family \u03bcA=(\u03bcA(x))x\u2208U\u2208[0,1]U . The latter is a metric space with several metrics d known. A metric can be derived from a norm (vector norm) \u2016\u2016 via d(\u03b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"XFS-Features-Variable block sizes The file system block size represents the minimum allocation unit. XFS allows file systems to be created with block sizes ranging between 512 bytes and 64 KB, allowing the file system to be tuned for the expected degree of usage. When many small files are expected, a small block size ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tautology (logic)-Verifying tautologies-There are 8 possible valuations for the propositional variables A, B, C, represented by the first three columns of the following table. The remaining columns show the truth of subformulas of the formula above, culminating in a column showing the truth value of the original formu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Corrective maintenance-Corrective maintenance-Corrective maintenance is a maintenance task performed to identify, isolate, and rectify a fault so that the failed equipment, machine, or system can be restored to an operational condition within the tolerances or limits established for in-service operations." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Markov model-Markov decision process-A Markov decision process is a Markov chain in which state transitions depend on the current state and an action vector that is applied to the system. Typically, a Markov decision process is used to compute a policy of actions that will maximize some utility with respect to expecte... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Circle-Topological definition-In the field of topology, a circle is not limited to the geometric concept, but to all of its homeomorphisms. Two topological circles are equivalent if one can be transformed into the other via a deformation of R3 upon itself (known as an ambient isotopy)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"News style-Overview-Among the larger and more respected newspapers, fairness and balance is a major factor in presenting information. Commentary is usually confined to a separate section, though each paper may have a different overall slant. Editorial policies dictate the use of adjectives, euphemisms, and idioms. New... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Path cover-Computational complexity-Given a directed graph G, the minimum path cover problem consists of finding a path cover for G having the fewest paths." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polygon covering-Covering a rectilinear polygon with squares-Other maximal squares are \"separators\": when they are removed, the polygon splits into two disconnected polygons. They are analogous to nodes with two or more edges that, when removed, leave a disconnected remainder.In a hole-free rectilinear polygon, all ... | large_corpus_distillation |
is irrelevant that the\nexpressions happen to be equal for the single input value\nNote that the range of the inside function (the first function to be evaluated) needs to be within the domain of the\noutside function. Less formally, the composition has to make sense in terms of inputs and outputs.\nComposition of Func... | large_corpus_distillation |
"KPS 9566-Lead byte-Where two hexadecimal numbers are given, the value below 0x7F is used in a 7-bit encoding, and the larger value (between 0xA1 and 0xFE) is used in an 8-bit EUC-style encoding. The extended UHC-style 8-bit encodings defined by the 2003 edition onwards likewise use the larger byte values, between 0xA1... | large_corpus_distillation |
for any k \u2265 0.\nIndeed, the result for general k follows from the case k = 0 applied to Qkf.\nFor k = 0 the Fourier inversion formula f(x)=12\u03c0\u222b\u2212\u221e\u221ef^(t)eitxdt implies |f(x)|\u2264C(\u222b|f^(t)|2(1+t2)sdt)12=C((I+Q2)sf^,f^)12\u2264C\u2032\u2016f^\u2016(s)=C\u2032\u2016f\u2016(s).\nIf s < t,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dining philosophers problem-Dining philosophers problem-In computer science, the dining philosophers problem is an example problem often used in concurrent algorithm design to illustrate synchronization issues and techniques for resolving them.\nIt was originally formulated in 1965 by Edsger Dijkstra as a student exam... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Business process discovery-Application-Process discovery is one of the three main types of process mining. The other two types of process mining are conformance checking and model extension/enhancement. All of these techniques aim at extracting process related knowledge from event logs. In the case of process discover... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Key feedback mode-Other modes and other cryptographic primitives-Block ciphers can also be used in other cryptographic protocols. They are generally used in modes of operation similar to the block modes described here. As with all protocols, to be cryptographically secure, care must be taken to design these modes of o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"DONE-DONE-The Data-based Online Nonlinear Extremumseeker (DONE) algorithm is a black-box optimization algorithm.\nDONE models the unknown cost function and attempts to find an optimum of the underlying function.\nThe DONE algorithm is suitable for optimizing costly and noisy functions and does not require derivatives.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Division ring-Relation to fields and linear algebra-All fields are division rings, and every non-field division ring is noncommutative. The best known example is the ring of quaternions. If one allows only rational instead of real coefficients in the constructions of the quaternions, one obtains another division ring.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Philosophy of mathematics-Arguments-A more radical defense is denial of physical reality, i.e. the mathematical universe hypothesis. In that case, a mathematician's knowledge of mathematics is one mathematical object making contact with another." | large_corpus_distillation |
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