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"Meteorologist-Description-Collaborate with the researchers for integrating science and technology into the forecast process, in particular for indices and model outputs, for weather-dependent users such as farming, forestry, aviation, maritime shipping and fisheries, etc.Meteorologists can also be consultants for priv... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Product software implementation method-Software customization and Business Process Redesign-Redesigning business processes is more sensible for causing resistance in the usage of product software, as altered business processes will alter tasks and responsibilities for the end users of the product software. However, wh... | large_corpus_distillation |
the unappealing model. Furthermore, the visual appearance of the phone had a positive effect on performance, leading to reduced task completion times for the attractive model." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generative adversarial network-Variants-The solution is to only use invertible data augmentation: instead of \"randomly rotate the picture by 0, 90, 180, 270 degrees with equal probability\", use \"randomly rotate the picture by 90, 180, 270 degrees with 0.1 probability, and keep the picture as it is with 0.7 probabil... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Railway platform height-Height categories-Buses, trams, trolleys, and railway passenger cars are divided into several typical categories." | large_corpus_distillation |
"SMART Multicast-SMART Multicast-SMART Multicast is an experimental method of Secure Reliable IP Multicast. It allows a user to forward IP datagrams to an unlimited group of receivers. See the article on multicast for a general discussion of this subject - this article is specifically about SMART IP Multicast." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software testing tactics-Smoke and sanity testing-Sanity testing determines whether it is reasonable to proceed with further testing.\nSmoke testing consists of minimal attempts to operate the software, designed to determine whether there are any basic problems that will prevent it from working at all. Such tests can ... | large_corpus_distillation |
below.\nAn all too common misstep is returning addresses of a stack-allocated local variable: once a called function returns, the space for these variables gets deallocated and technically they have \"garbage values\"." | large_corpus_distillation |
"International Society for Computational Biology-Overview-ISCB organizes the Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB) conference every year, a growing number of smaller, more regionally or topically focused annual and bi-annual conferences, and has three official journals: ISCB Community Journal, PLOS Computati... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Benaloh cryptosystem-Scheme Definition-Security The security of this scheme rests on the Higher residuosity problem, specifically, given z,r and n where the factorization of n is unknown, it is computationally infeasible to determine whether z is an rth residue mod n, i.e. if there exists an x such that mod n " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Commitment ordering-The commitment ordering solution for global serializability-Finally, blocking by a lock (which has been excluded so far) needs to be considered: A lock blocks a conflicting operation and prevents a conflict from being materialized. Suppose the lock is released only after the transaction end. In tha... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Implementations of differentially private analyses-Attacks on implementations-In addition to standard defects of software artifacts that can be identified using testing or fuzzing, implementations of differentially private mechanisms may suffer from the following vulnerabilities: Subtle algorithmic or analytical mista... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integrated Encryption Scheme-Informal description of DLIES-Alice learns Bob's public key gx through a public key infrastructure or some other distribution method.Bob knows his own private key x Alice generates a fresh, ephemeral value y , and its associated public value gy Alice then computes a symmetric key k us... | large_corpus_distillation |
a larger training set, in which only the most confident classifications are included. The process repeats, each new classifier being trained on a successively larger training corpus, until the whole corpus is consumed, or until a given maximum number of iterations is reached." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Buffer over-read-Buffer over-read-Programming languages commonly associated with buffer over-reads include C and C++, which provide no built-in protection against using pointers to access data in any part of virtual memory, and which do not automatically check that reading data from a block of memory is safe; respecti... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Diffie\u2013Hellman problem-Other variants-Many variants of the Diffie\u2013Hellman problem have been considered. The most significant variant is the decisional Diffie\u2013Hellman problem (DDHP), which is to distinguish gxy from a random group element, given g, gx, and gy. Sometimes the DHP is called the computationa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Monomial order-Examples-Graded reverse lexicographic order Graded reverse lexicographic order (grevlex, or degrevlex for degree reverse lexicographic order) compares the total degree first, then uses a reverse lexicographic order as tie-breaker, but it reverses the outcome of the lexicographic comparison so that lexic... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Source (journalism)-Attribution-In journalism, attribution is the identification of the source of reported information. Journalists' ethical codes normally address the issue of attribution, which is sensitive because in the course of their work, journalists may receive information from sources who wish to remain anony... | large_corpus_distillation |
"XRumer-Defenses-Webmasters of topical forums face an ongoing battle against XRumer software, users of which are almost always in violation of forum terms of service, and/or have no interest in the actual forum topic. The users of the software have created an entire industry whose sole purpose is to protect internet si... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Let expression-Definition-Let definition in mathematics In mathematics the let expression is described as the conjunction of expressions. In functional languages the let expression is also used to limit scope. In mathematics scope is described by quantifiers. The let expression is a conjunction within an existential q... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Witness-indistinguishable proof-Witness-indistinguishable proof-Witness-indistinguishable proof systems were first introduced by Feige and Shamir. Unlike zero-knowledge proofs, they remain secure when multiple proofs are being performed concurrently." | large_corpus_distillation |
"\uf128 Exercise 14.1.5\nFind the equation of the level surface of the function\ng(x,y,z)=x2+y2+z2\u22122x+4y\u22126z\ncorresponding to c=2, and describe the surface, if possible.\nHint\nSet g(x,y,z)=c and complete the square.\nSolution\n((x\u22121)^2+(y+2)^2+(z\u22123)^2=16\\) describes a sphere of radius 4 centered a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Deadlock-Livelock-A livelock is similar to a deadlock, except that the states of the processes involved in the livelock constantly change with regard to one another, none progressing." | large_corpus_distillation |
routes. Placement is generally mid-block between intersections." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximum flow problem-Maximum flow problem-The maximum flow problem can be seen as a special case of more complex network flow problems, such as the circulation problem. The maximum value of an s-t flow (i.e., flow from source s to sink t) is equal to the minimum capacity of an s-t cut (i.e., cut severing s from t) in ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Separation (statistics)-The problem-This observed form of the data is important because it sometimes causes problems with the estimation of regression coefficients. For example, maximum likelihood (ML) estimation relies on maximization of the likelihood function, where e.g. in case of a logistic regression with comple... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sloppy identity-Analyses-Simple sentence example 9) [Betsyi loves heri dog] The strict reading of sentence 9) is that \"Betsy loves her own dog\". Application of Pro\u2192BV then derives the sentence in 9.i): 9.i) [Betsyi loves herj(or x's) dog] Where herj is someone else or x's is anyone else's dog Complex example 10... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Event-driven messaging-Rationale-The interaction between a service consumer and a service provider is normally initiated by the service consumer as it needs to respond to an event that occurs within the boundary of the service consumer itself, e.g. requiring some data from an external resource (i.e. the service provid... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Derivative-Derivative-Derivatives can be generalized to functions of several real variables. In this generalization, the derivative is reinterpreted as a linear transformation whose graph is (after an appropriate translation) the best linear approximation to the graph of the original function. The Jacobian matrix is t... | large_corpus_distillation |
Intelligence COMINT listening stations began monitoring command-to-fleet, ship-to-ship, and land-based communications.\nPURPLE After Japan's ally Germany declared war in the fall of 1939, the German government began sending technical assistance to upgrade their communications and cryptography capabilities. One part was... | large_corpus_distillation |
3.Bf4 c5 4.e3 Nc6 5.Nbd2 cxd4 6.exd4 Bf5 7.c3 e6 8.Bb5 Bd6 9.Bxd6 Qxd6 10.0-0 0-0 11.Re1 h6 12.Ne5 Ne7 13.a4 a6 14.Bf1 Nd7 15.Nxd7 Qxd7 16.a5 Qc7 17.Qf3 Rfc8 18.Ra3 Bg6 19.Nb3 Nc6 20.Qg3 Qe7 21.h4 Re8 22.Nc5 e5 23.Rb3 Nxa5 24.Rxe5 Qf6 25.Ra3 Nc4 26.Bxc4 dxc4 27.h5 Bc2 28.Nxb7 Qb6 29.Nd6 Rxe5 30.Qxe5 Qxb2 31.Ra5 Kh7 32.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ball tree-Construction-k-d construction algorithm The simplest such procedure is termed the \"k-d Construction Algorithm\", by analogy with the process used to construct k-d trees. This is an offline algorithm, that is, an algorithm that operates on the entire data set at once. The tree is built top-down by recursivel... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Root of unity-Root of unity-Roots of unity can be defined in any field. If the characteristic of the field is zero, the roots are complex numbers that are also algebraic integers. For fields with a positive characteristic, the roots belong to a finite field, and, conversely, every nonzero element of a finite field is ... | large_corpus_distillation |
on the original McEliece cryptosystem, using the information set decoding method by Stern.\nUsing the parameters originally suggested by McEliece, the attack could be carried out in 260.55 bit operations. Since the attack is embarrassingly parallel (no communication between nodes is necessary), it can be carried out in... | large_corpus_distillation |
was 0.3%. The probability goes down as orbits are refined with additional measurements." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integer factorization records-Comparison to efforts by individuals-As of the end of 2007, thanks to the constant decline in memory prices, the ready availability of multi-core 64-bit computers, and the availability of the efficient sieving code (developed by Thorsten Kleinjung of the Bonn group) via ggnfs and of robus... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Format-preserving encryption-Format-preserving encryption-Encrypting an English word so that the ciphertext is another English word.\nEncrypting an n-bit number so that the ciphertext is another n-bit number (this is the definition of an n-bit block cipher).For such finite domains, and for the purposes of the discussi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Word-Classes-Each word belongs to a category, based on shared grammatical properties. Typically, a language's lexicon may be classified into several such groups of words. The total number of categories as well as their types are not universal and vary among languages. For example, English has a group of words called a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Head/tail breaks-Method-Threshold or its sensitivity The criterion to stop the iterative classification process using the head/tail breaks method is that the remaining data (i.e., the head part) are not heavy-tailed, or simply, the head part is no longer a minority (i.e., the proportion of the head part is no longer l... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Equiprobability-Equiprobability-A similar argument could lead to the seemingly absurd conclusion that the sun is as likely to rise as to not rise tomorrow morning. However, the conclusion that the sun is equally likely to rise as it is to not rise is only absurd when additional information is known, such as the laws o... | large_corpus_distillation |
-element basis sets of M dependent instead of independent. In order for an algorithm to correctly test whether its input is uniform, it must be able to distinguish M from every possible permutation of M\u2032 . But in order for a deterministic algorithm to do so, it must test every one of the n/2 -element subsets o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Knowledge Navigator-Videos-Apple produced several concept videos showcasing the idea. All of them featured a tablet style computer with numerous advanced capabilities, including an excellent text-to-speech system with no hint of \"computerese\", a gesture based interface resembling the multi-touch interface later used... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computer security software-Types-Below, various software implementations of Cybersecurity patterns and groups outlining ways a host system attempts to secure itself and its assets from malicious interactions, this includes tools to deter both passive and active security threats. Although both security and usability ar... | large_corpus_distillation |
"VIC cipher-VIC cipher-The VIC cipher was a pencil and paper cipher used by the Soviet spy Reino H\u00e4yh\u00e4nen, codenamed \"VICTOR\".\nIf the cipher were to be given a modern technical name, it would be known as a \"straddling bipartite monoalphabetic substitution superenciphered by modified double transposition.\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tree (data structure)-Tree (data structure)-Binary trees are a commonly used type, which constrain the number of children for each parent to at most two. When the order of the children is specified, this data structure corresponds to an ordered tree in graph theory. A value or pointer to other data may be associated w... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Flix (programming language)-Overview-While many programming languages support a mixture of functional and imperative programming, the Flix type and effect system tracks the purity of every expression making it possible to write parts of a Flix program in a purely functional style with purity enforced by the effect sys... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bose\u2013Mesner algebra-Definition-The association scheme can also be represented algebraically. Consider the matrices Di defined by: if otherwise.\n(1) Let A be the vector space consisting of all matrices \u2211\u2211i=0n\u2061aiDi , with ai complex.The definition of an association scheme is equivalent to saying... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hessian matrix-Applications-Critical points If the gradient (the vector of the partial derivatives) of a function f is zero at some point x, then f has a critical point (or stationary point) at x.\nThe determinant of the Hessian at x is called, in some contexts, a discriminant. If this determinant is zero then x... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Graph cut optimization-Graph construction-In this expression, the first term is constant and it is not represented by any edge, the two following terms depend on one variable and are represented by one edge, as shown in the previous section for unary terms, while the third term is represented by an edge vi\u2192vj wi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Truthful cake-cutting-Randomized mechanisms-Use the existing algorithm/oracle to generate an exact division." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Continuous Distributions\nIn the previous section, the population consisted of three pool balls. Now we will consider sampling distributions when the\n0.001 1.000\npopulation distribution is continuous. What if we had a thousand pool balls with numbers ranging from to in equal\nsteps? (Although this distribution is no... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Support vector machine-Support vector machine-In addition to performing linear classification, SVMs can efficiently perform a non-linear classification using what is called the kernel trick, implicitly mapping their inputs into high-dimensional feature spaces.\nThe support vector clustering algorithm, created by Hava ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Scrum (software development)-Scrum team-Developers In scrum, the term developer or team member refers to anyone who plays a role in the development and support of the product and can include researchers, architects, designers, programmers, etc." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tur\u00e1n's theorem-Proofs-Probabilistic Method The key claim in this proof was independently found by Caro and Wei. This proof is due to Noga Alon and Joel Spencer, from their book The Probabilistic Method. The proof shows that every graph with degrees d1,d2,\u2026,dn has an independent set of size at leastThe proo... | large_corpus_distillation |
internal expansion through horizontal integration can be a viable strategy for companies looking to achieve growth and gain a competitive advantage. However, it requires careful planning, execution, and management to ensure success and mitigate potential risks. Companies should also consider the potential benefits and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Race condition-In software-A data race is a type of race condition. Data races are important parts of various formal memory models. The memory model defined in the C11 and C++11 standards specify that a C or C++ program containing a data race has undefined behavior.A race condition can be difficult to reproduce and de... | large_corpus_distillation |
in maintenance costs. Upon announcement of the withdrawal of the suit, an industry trade group representing the manufacturers of the wipes released a statement that disputed the claims that the products are harmful to sewer systems." | large_corpus_distillation |
"MMH-Badger MAC-MMH-Badger MAC-Badger is a Message Authentication Code (MAC) based on the idea of universal hashing and was developed by Boesgaard, Scavenius, Pedersen, Christensen, and Zenner. It is constructed by strengthening the \u2206-universal hash family MMH using an \u03f5-almost strongly universal (ASU) hash f... | large_corpus_distillation |
adjective as the lexical base Through a process of derivational morphology, adjectives may form words of other categories. For example, the adjective happy combines with the suffix -ness to form the noun happiness.\nIt is typical of English adjectives to combine with the -ly suffix to become adverbs (e.g., real \u2192 ... | large_corpus_distillation |
to that in the tilted probability measure.\nFrom (7.4.5), note that for every n-tuple (x 1 ,...,x n ) for which \u2211n i=1 x i =s n (for any given s n) we have\nq (x ,...,x )=p (x ,...,x )exp[rs \u2212n\u03b3(r)]\nXn,r 1 n Xn 1 n n\nSumming over all xn for which \u2211n i=1 x i =s n, we then get a remarkable relation ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data dependency-Control dependency-An instruction B has a control dependency on a preceding instruction A if the outcome of A determines whether B should be executed or not. In the following example, the instruction S2 has a control dependency on instruction S1 . However, S3 does not depend on S1 because S3 is al... | large_corpus_distillation |
the same distribution when we take the\n1 1 1\nCite as: Tommi Jaakkola, course materials for 6.867 Machine Learning, Fall 2006. MIT OpenCourseWare\n(http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].(cid:13)(cid:10)" | large_corpus_distillation |
"Google Flu Trends-Related systems-Similar projects such as the flu-prediction project by the institute of Cognitive Science Osnabr\u00fcck carry the basic idea forward, by combining social media data e.g. Twitter with CDC data, and structural models that infer the spatial and temporal spreading of the disease." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Q-learning-Limitations-The standard Q-learning algorithm (using a Q table) applies only to discrete action and state spaces. Discretization of these values leads to inefficient learning, largely due to the curse of dimensionality. However, there are adaptations of Q-learning that attempt to solve this problem such as... | large_corpus_distillation |
J(\u0398t)=\u2211s=1Sl(x^t(s);xgt(s)) , where l is a differentiable loss function which is greedily minimized using training data {xgt(s),y(s),k(s)}s=1S and x^t(s) " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bipolar orientation-Applications to planarity-Lempel, Even & Cederbaum (1967) formulated st-numberings as part of a planarity testing algorithm, and Rosenstiehl & Tarjan (1986) formulated bipolar orientations as part of an algorithm for constructing tessellation representations of planar graphs.A bipolar orientation o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Convolutional neural network-Building blocks-Since all neurons in a single depth slice share the same parameters, the forward pass in each depth slice of the convolutional layer can be computed as a convolution of the neuron's weights with the input volume. Therefore, it is common to refer to the sets of weights as a ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Comparison of research networking tools and research profiling systems-Comparison of research networking tools and research profiling systems-Reference and Citation Management\u2014these tools and services include some of the functionality and features of other categories, although their primary focus is on management... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fixed-wing aircraft-Classes of fixed-wing aircraft-Airplane/aeroplane An airplane (also known as an aeroplane or simply a plane) is a powered fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine or propeller. Planes come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and wing configurations. The broad spectrum of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"The Alphabet Cipher-\"The Alphabet-Cipher\", Lewis Carroll, 1868-In sending a message, write the key-word over it, letter for letter, repeating it as often as may be necessary: the letters of the key-word will indicate which column is to be used in translating each letter of the message, the symbols for which should b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Distributed morphology-Overview of Distributed Morphology-Once these morphological operations are complete, phonological content is finally assigned to the terminal nodes, through competition of vocabulary items for insertion. How does competition work? Each terminal node contains a bundle of features and all vocabula... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Crowdsourcing software development-Reference architecture-The demands on software crowdsourcing systems are ever evolving as new development philosophies and technologies gain favor. The reference architecture presented above is designed to encompass generality in many dimensions including, for example different softw... | large_corpus_distillation |
language cannot be parsed without reading all its symbols first, which means that a pushdown automaton has to try alternative state transitions to accommodate for the different possible lengths of a semi-parsed string.Nevertheless, removing grammar ambiguity may produce a deterministic context-free grammar and thus all... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CSS-Browser support-As websites adopt newer code standards that are incompatible with older browsers, these browsers can be cut off from accessing many of the resources on the web (sometimes intentionally). Many of the most popular sites on the internet are not just visually degraded on older browsers due to poor CSS ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"LR parser-LR parser-LR parsers can handle a larger range of languages and grammars than precedence parsers or top-down LL parsing. This is because the LR parser waits until it has seen an entire instance of some grammar pattern before committing to what it has found. An LL parser has to decide or guess what it is seei... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Inclusion\u2013exclusion principle-Inclusion\u2013exclusion principle-The inclusion-exclusion principle, being a generalization of the two-set case, is perhaps more clearly seen in the case of three sets, which for the sets A, B and C is given by |A\u222aB\u222aC|=|A|+|B|+|C|\u2212|A\u2229B|\u2212|A\u2229C|\u2212|B\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
cubic graphs, the snarks are the only possible counterexamples. More generally, snarks form the difficult case for this conjecture: if it is true for snarks, it is true for all graphs. In this connection, Branko Gr\u00fcnbaum conjectured that no snark could be embedded onto a surface in such a way that all faces are si... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Narrowing of algebraic value sets-Introduction to value sets-Application to Booleans a\u2227b Is a relationship between a, b and true that implies that both a and b must be true.\na\u2228b Allows multiple values for a and b. If a is, false :: true :: a2}) then for b true :: false :: true :: a2}) This means that if a ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integrated circuit-Integrated circuit-Very-large-scale integration was made practical by technological advancements in semiconductor device fabrication. Since their origins in the 1960s, the size, speed, and capacity of chips have progressed enormously, driven by technical advances that fit more and more transistors o... | large_corpus_distillation |
regarding the pair {1,2}: the first table of Example 2 shows items 1 and 2 appearing together in three of the itemsets; therefore, we say item {1,2} has support of three." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sharp EL-5120-Disadvantages-Lack of built-in support for complex numbers (can only be emulated via a program or equations).\nPrograms and equation files eat up RAM quickly, especially if they contain local variables.\nLocal program variables cannot be removed once added without deleting the program.\nIntegration/solve... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Naive set theory-Specifying sets-Some variants of set builder notation are: {x \u2208 A | P(x)} denotes the set of all x that are already members of A such that the condition P holds for x. For example, if Z is the set of integers, then {x \u2208 Z | x is even} is the set of all even integers. (See axiom of specificat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"1008 10 \u2022 Further Applications of Trigonometry\nSeeFigure 17.\nFigure17\nEXAMPLE16\nFinding the Angle between Two Vectors\nFind the angle between and\nSolution\nUsing the formula, we have\nSeeFigure 18.\nAccess for free at openstax.org" | large_corpus_distillation |
we can view it in a way that more resembles the probability density function approach.\nX\nConsider a random variable that takes on any real value with probabilities given by the probability density function in\n9.8.1 f\nFigure . The function consists of just the top edges of the rectangles, with vertical sides drawn f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tail value at risk-Formulas for continuous probability distributions-and the c.d.f. if if 0.\nthen the right-tail TVaR is equal to TVaR right ln \u2061(1\u2212\u03b1)+1\u03bb Pareto distribution If the loss of a portfolio L follows Pareto distribution with the p.d.f. if if x<xm.\nand the c.d.f. if if x<xm.\... | large_corpus_distillation |
best. The image size in this example is 100x100 = 10,000 points. If one attempts to fit 4 models to all subsets of 10,000 data points, computation of complexity, MN ~ 106000. An alternative computation by searching through the parameter space, yields lower complexity: each pattern is characterized by a 3-parameter para... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lindemann\u2013Weierstrass theorem-Lindemann\u2013Weierstrass theorem-By multiplying the equation with an appropriate integer factor, we get an identical equation except that now b(1), ..., b(N) are all integers. Therefore, according to Lemma B, the equality cannot hold, and we are led to a contradiction which complet... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reduced chi-squared statistic-Discussion-As a general rule, when the variance of the measurement error is known a priori, a \u03c7\u03bd2\u226b1 indicates a poor model fit. A \u03c7\u03bd2>1 indicates that the fit has not fully captured the data (or that the error variance has been underestimated). In principle, a v... | large_corpus_distillation |
language processing (NLP) have been applied to semantic processing, and most of them have relied on the use of auxiliary structures such as controlled vocabularies and ontologies. Controlled vocabularies (dictionaries and thesauri), and ontologies allow broader terms, narrower terms, and related terms to be incorporate... | large_corpus_distillation |
Children are naive and easily influenced by other people and messages, therefore they are more likely to listen and repeat what they are being shown or told. The Internet does not have an excessively monitored space that guarantees safety for children, so as long as the internet is public, children and teenagers are bo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"S/KEY-Security-Nevertheless, S/KEY is vulnerable to a man in the middle attack if used by itself. It is also vulnerable to certain race conditions, such as where an attacker's software sniffs the network to learn the first N \u2212 1 characters in the password (where N equals the password length), establishes its own ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computation history-Turing Machines-This result allows us to prove that ALLPDA , the language of pushdown automata which accept all input, is undecidable. Suppose we have a decider for it, D . For any Turing machine M and input w , we can form the pushdown automaton P which accepts non-accepting computation histori... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Canonical form-Examples-For instance, database normalization is the process of organizing the fields and tables of a relational database to minimize redundancy and dependency.In the field of software security, a common vulnerability is unchecked malicious input (see Code injection). The mitigation for this problem is ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lossless compression-Benchmarks-Matt Mahoney, in his February 2010 edition of the free booklet Data Compression Explained, additionally lists the following: The Calgary Corpus dating back to 1987 is no longer widely used due to its small size. Matt Mahoney maintained the Calgary Compression Challenge, created and main... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Partial-matching meet-in-the-middle attack-Partial-matching meet-in-the-middle attack-Partial-matching is a technique that can be used with a MITM attack. Partial-matching is where the intermediate values of the MITM attack, i and j , computed from the plaintext and ciphertext, are matched on only a few select bits,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kolmogorov complexity-Kolmogorov randomness-This definition can be extended to define a notion of randomness for infinite sequences from a finite alphabet. These algorithmically random sequences can be defined in three equivalent ways. One way uses an effective analogue of measure theory; another uses effective martin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"D'Agapeyeff cipher-Use of nulls in ciphertext-Additionally, D'Agapeyeff left two ciphers for the reader to solve. Each are approximately 100 characters in length and have an index of coincidence much higher than what is expected for English plaintext." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximum cardinality matching-Algorithms for arbitrary graphs-The blossom algorithm finds a maximum-cardinality matching in general (not necessarily bipartite) graphs. It runs in time O(|V|2\u22c5|E|) . A better performance of O(\u221aVE) for general graphs, matching the performance of the Hopcroft\u2013Karp algorithm... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computer Currents-Computer Currents-Computer Currents described itself as:Computer Currents is the 411/911 magazine. It's a source of help and information for PC and Mac business users of all stripes. Computer Currents doesn't torture-test 200 modems or devote space to industry chitchat. Instead, it focuses on real-wo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Margin classifier-Margin for boosting algorithms-By this definition, the margin is positive if the example is labeled correctly and negative if the example is labeled incorrectly.\nThis definition may be modified and is not the only way to define margin for boosting algorithms. However, there are reasons why this defi... | large_corpus_distillation |
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