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breakthroughs in cryptologic history\" by using the theory of permutations and groups to work out the Enigma scrambler wiring.Rejewski could look at a day's cipher traffic and solve for the permutations at the six sequential positions used to encipher the indicator. Since Rejewski had the cipher key for the day, he kne... | large_corpus_distillation |
"LEON-LEON processor models and distributions-LEON3FT processor core The LEON3FT is a fault-tolerant version of the standard LEON3 SPARC V8 Processor. It has been designed for operation in the harsh space environment, and includes functionality to detect and correct single-event upset (SEU) errors in all on-chip RAM me... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Midterm exam-Assessment formats-Performance tests A performance test is an assessment that requires an examinee to actually perform a task or activity, rather than simply answering questions referring to specific parts. The purpose is to ensure greater fidelity to what is being tested.\nAn example is a behind-the-whee... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generic-case complexity-Comparisons with previous work-A function f:I\u2192R+ is polynomial on \u03bc -average on spheres if there exists k\u22651 such that \u2211w\u2208Inf1/k(w)\u03bcn(w)=O(n) where {\u03bcn} is the ensemble induced by \u03bc . If f is polynomial on \u03bc -average on spheres, the f is polyno... | large_corpus_distillation |
search. For such applications, DFS also lends itself much better to heuristic methods for choosing a likely-looking branch. When an appropriate depth limit is not known a priori, iterative deepening depth-first search applies DFS repeatedly with a sequence of increasing limits. In the artificial intelligence mode of an... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algebraically closed group-Informal discussion-Then the conditions: x2=1 x\u22601 have a solution in G , namely x=a However the conditions: x4=1 x2a\u22121=1 Do not have a solution in G , as can easily be checked." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Key (character)-In other media-The Key appears in Beware the Batman, voiced by JB Blanc. This version is a diminutive, elderly shopkeeper able to mold his fingers to fit any lock and download digital security keys from computers into his brain. Additionally, he is an expert forger who creates new identities for a high... | large_corpus_distillation |
set to the non-projected set, and then back. Numerical simulations indicate that this projecting method can perform remarkably than some widely used method (such as collaborative filtering) for personal recommendation purposes." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Preposition and postposition-Grammatical properties-As an adjunct to a verb: sleep throughout the winter danced atop the tables for hours dispense with the formalities (see Semantic functions, above) As an adjunct to an adjective: happy for them sick until recentlyIn the last of these examples the complement has the f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sloppy identity-Analyses-Strict Reading 18.ii) John visits his children on Sunday and Bill does [VP\u2205] too.\nThe VP is rewritten using lambda notation: Derived VP Rule 19.ii) John [VP\u03bbx (x visits his children)] and Bill does [VP\u2205] too.\nThe VP structure is copied into the elided VP: VP Rule 21.ii) John [... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Groves classification system-Additions-The Groves classification system was first published in 2001. Since that time, it has been adapted and changed to include newly devised academic dress and revisions of existing schemes. The Burgon Society maintains a comprehensive listing of system shapes on its website. In addit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"High-multiplicity bin packing-Rounding a general instance to a high-multiplicity instance-Several approximation algorithms for the general bin-packing problem use the following scheme: Separate the items to \"small\" (smaller than eB, for some fraction e in (0,1)) and \"large\" (at least eB).\nHandle the large items f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Protection ring-Implementations-ARM version 7 architecture implements three privilege levels: application (PL0), operating system (PL1), and hypervisor (PL2). Unusually, level 0 (PL0) is the least-privileged level, while level 2 is the most-privileged level. ARM version 8 implements four exception levels: application ... | large_corpus_distillation |
2\u2019s wait in queue is\nw 2 =y 0 +y 1 \u2212x 1 \u2212x 2 . As illustrated\nabove, x 2 +w 2 is also equal to customer\n1\u2019s system time, so w 2 =w 1 +y 1 \u2212x 2 .\nCustomer 3 arrives when the system is\nempty, so it enters service immediately\nwith no wait in queue, i.e., w 3 =0.\nLet W n be the queueing dela... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator-Requirements-A cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) or cryptographic pseudorandom number generator (CPRNG) is a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) with properties that make it suitable for use in cryptography. It is also loosely known ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Glossary of computer science-S-string In computer programming, a string is traditionally a sequence of characters, either as a literal constant or as some kind of variable. The latter may allow its elements to be mutated and the length changed, or it may be fixed (after creation). A string is generally considered as a... | large_corpus_distillation |
required for comprehensive mobile platforms such as Gecko, but which aren't currently possible to access on other mobile OSes. For example, using Gonk, Gecko can obtain direct access to the full telephone stack and display framebuffer, but doesn't have this access on any other OS." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Adaptive bias-Error Management Theory-Where the cost or impact of a Type I error is much greater than the cost of a Type II error (e.g. the water is safe to drink), it can be worthwhile to bias the decision-making system towards making fewer Type I errors, i.e. making it less likely to conclude that a particular situa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Strozzi NoSQL-Construction-NoSQL uses the operator-stream paradigm, where a number of \"operators\" perform a unique function on the passed data. The stream used is supplied by the UNIX input/output redirection system so that over the pipe system, the result of the calculation can be passed to other operators. As UNIX... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Main conjecture of Iwasawa theory-Statement-u is the unique p-adic number satisfying \u03b3(\u03b6) = \u03b6u for all p-power roots of unity \u03b6 Gp is the power series with Gp(\u03c9i,us\u20131) = Lp(\u03c9i,s)The main conjecture of Iwasawa theory proved by Mazur and Wiles states that if i is an odd integer not con... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Logistic regression-Example-Problem As a simple example, we can use a logistic regression with one explanatory variable and two categories to answer the following question: A group of 20 students spends between 0 and 6 hours studying for an exam. How does the number of hours spent studying affect the probability of th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"K-means++-K-means++-In data mining, k-means++ is an algorithm for choosing the initial values (or \"seeds\") for the k-means clustering algorithm. It was proposed in 2007 by David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii, as an approximation algorithm for the NP-hard k-means problem\u2014a way of avoiding the sometimes poor cl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Anatree-Anatree-An anatree is represented as a directed tree which contains a set of words (W) encoded as strings in some alphabet. The internal vertices are labelled with some letter in the alphabet and the leaves contain words. The edges are labelled with non-negative integers. An anatree has the property that the s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Point-to-Point Protocol-Description-After the link has been established, additional network (layer 3) configuration may take place. Most commonly, the Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP) is used, although Internetwork Packet Exchange Control Protocol (IPXCP) and AppleTalk Control Protocol (ATCP) were once popula... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quantum logic gate-Circuit composition-If a function F is a product of m gates, F=A1\u22c5A2\u22c5\u22ef\u22c5Am , the unitary inverse of the function F\u2020 can be constructed: Because (UV)\u2020=V\u2020U\u2020 we have, after repeated application on itself F\u2020=(\u220fi=1mAi)\u2020=\u220fi=m1Ai\u2020=Am\u202... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kraft\u2013McMillan inequality-Formal statement-Let each source symbol from the alphabet S={s1,s2,\u2026,sn} be encoded into a uniquely decodable code over an alphabet of size r with codeword lengths \u21131,\u21132,\u2026,\u2113n.\nThen 1.\nConversely, for a given set of natural numbers \u21131,\u21132,\u2026,\u211... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Formal grammar-The Chomsky hierarchy-Regular grammars In regular grammars, the left hand side is again only a single nonterminal symbol, but now the right-hand side is also restricted. The right side may be the empty string, or a single terminal symbol, or a single terminal symbol followed by a nonterminal symbol, but... | large_corpus_distillation |
commonly adopted. SMS is also suitable against man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, since the use of SMS does not involve the Internet." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Heapsort-Variations-Several variants such as weak heapsort require n log2 n+O(1) comparisons in the worst case, close to the theoretical minimum, using one extra bit of state per node. While this extra bit makes the algorithms not truly in-place, if space for it can be found inside the element, these algorithms are si... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hindley\u2013Milner type system-Extensions-Overloading Overloading means that different functions can be defined and used with the same name. Most programming languages at least provide overloading with the built-in arithmetic operations (+,<,etc.), to allow the programmer to write arithmetic expressions in the same f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Approximate max-flow min-cut theorem-Applications to approximation algorithms-Sparsest cuts A sparsest cut of a graph G=(V,E) is a partition for which the ratio of the number of edges connecting the two partitioned components over the product of the numbers of nodes of both components is minimized. This is a NP-hard ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Contract curve-Mathematical explanation-max x11,x21,x12,x22u1(x11,x21) subject to: x11+x12\u2264\u03c91tot x21+x22\u2264\u03c92tot u2(x12,x22)\u2265u02 This optimization problem states that the goods are to be allocated between the two people in such a way that no more than the available amount of each good is allocat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cyberattack-Types of attack-A \"passive attack\" attempts to learn or make use of information from the system but does not affect system resources (e.g., wiretapping).An attack can be perpetrated by an insider or from outside the organization; An \"inside attack\" is an attack initiated by an entity inside the securit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stack machine-Comparison with register machines-The object code translators for the HP 3000 and Tandem T/16 are another example. They translated stack code sequences into equivalent sequences of RISC code. Minor 'local' optimizations removed much of the overhead of a stack architecture. Spare registers were used to fa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Block cipher mode of operation-Common modes-GCM is defined for block ciphers with a block size of 128 bits. Galois message authentication code (GMAC) is an authentication-only variant of the GCM which can form an incremental message authentication code. Both GCM and GMAC can accept initialization vectors of arbitrary ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Silhouette (clustering)-Definition-Assume the data have been clustered via any technique, such as k-medoids or k-means, into k clusters." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Expander code-Distance-Corollary Note that if a T\u2282L has at least 1 unique neighbor, i.e. |U(T)|>0 , then the corresponding word c corresponding to T cannot be a codeword, as it will not multiply to the all zeros vector by the parity check matrix. By the previous argument, c\u2208C\u27f9wt(c)\u22652(1\u2212\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ontology learning-Procedure-Learning of non-taxonomic relations In the learning of non-taxonomic relations step, relationships are extracted that do not express any sub- or supersumption. Such relationships are, e.g., works-for or located-in. There are two common approaches to solve this subtask. The first is based up... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Swiss Performance Index-Swiss Performance Index-The Swiss Performance Index (SPI) is a wide total-return index that tracks equity primarily listed on SIX Swiss Exchange with a free-float of at least 20%, and excluding investment companies. The index covers large, mid and small caps and is weighted by market capitaliza... | large_corpus_distillation |
of transducers.\nHard disk drive diagnostics \u2013 LDVs have been used extensively in the analysis of hard disk drives, specifically in the area of head positioning.\nDental Devices - LDVs are used in the dental industry to measure the vibration signature of dental scalers to improve vibration quality." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sentence spacing studies-Sentence spacing studies-Sentence spacing concerns how spaces are inserted between sentences in typeset text and is a matter of typographical convention. Since the introduction of movable-type printing in Europe, various sentence spacing conventions have been used in languages with a Latin alp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Truth function-Principle of compositionality-Let I be an interpretation function, let \u03a6, \u03a8 be any two sentences and let the truth function fnand be defined as: fnand(T,T) = F; fnand(T,F) = fnand(F,T) = fnand(F,F) = TThen, for convenience, fnot, for fand and so on are defined by means of fnand: fnot(x) = fnan... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cubic reciprocity-Integers-Letting m = a + b and n = a \u2212 b, we see that this is equivalent to p = m2 \u2212 mn + n2 (which equals (n \u2212 m)2 \u2212 (n \u2212 m)n + n2 = m2 + m(n \u2212 m) + (n \u2212 m)2, so m and n are not determined uniquely). Thus, 4p=(2m\u2212n)2+3n2=(2n\u2212m)2+3m2=(m+n)2+3(m\u2212n)2 an... | large_corpus_distillation |
of many of its more important sportscasts under the Megacast brand." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Object-based attention-Nature and effects of object-based attention-Distribution of attention The first theory posits that visually perceived objects affect the distribution of conscious and unconscious attention. Therefore, consciously attending to one aspect of an object automatically facilitates the processing of o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Underclocking-In practice-Linux Linux kernel supports CPU frequency modulation. In supported processors, using cpufreq to gain access to this feature gives the system administrator a variable level of control over the CPU's clock rate. The kernel includes five governors by default: Conservative, Ondemand, Performance,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Combinational logic-Representation-Combinational logic is used to build circuits that produce specified outputs from certain inputs. The construction of combinational logic is generally done using one of two methods: a sum of products, or a product of sums. Consider the following truth table : Using sum of products, a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Network processor-Architectural paradigms-With the advent of multicore architectures, network processors can be used for higher layer (L4-L7) processing.Additionally, traffic management, which is a critical element in L2-L3 network processing and used to be executed by a variety of co-processors, has become an integra... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Variational Bayesian methods-Further discussion-Simplify the formula and apply the expectation operator, following the above example. Ideally, this should simplify into expectations of basic functions of variables not in Zj (e.g. first or second raw moments, expectation of a logarithm, etc.). In order for the variati... | large_corpus_distillation |
organization coordinating the efforts of national technical standards organizations.\ninterrupterAny of a series of automatically operated electromechanical switches that periodically opened and closed a circuit.\ninverter A system that converts direct current power to alternating current, without the use of rotating m... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Control flow-Structured non-local control flow-Via C++'s influence, catch is the keyword reserved for declaring a pattern-matching exception handler in other languages popular today, like Java or C#. Some other languages like Ada use the keyword exception to introduce an exception handler and then may even employ a di... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Information technology security assessment-Background-In an assessment, the assessor should have the full cooperation of the organization being assessed. The organization grants access to its facilities, provides network access, outlines detailed information about the network, etc. All parties understand that the goal... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sorting network-Constructing sorting networks-Optimal sorting networks For small, fixed numbers of inputs n, optimal sorting networks can be constructed, with either minimal depth (for maximally parallel execution) or minimal size (number of comparators). These networks can be used to increase the performance of large... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hertzbleed-Mechanism-Normal timing attacks are mitigated by using constant-time programming, which ensures that each instruction takes equally long, regardless of the input data. Hertzbleed combines a timing attack with a power analysis attack. A power analysis attack measures the power consumption of the CPU to deduc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Two-Track-MAC-Two-Track-MAC-Two-Track-MAC algorithm has been selected as a finalist for NESSIE in November 2000 and was conceived as a fast and reliable method to hash data. The development was attended by Bart of Van Rompay (Eng.) From the Leuven University (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) \u2013 Belgium and Bert den... | large_corpus_distillation |
depicted motion in these sentences affected the amount of time required to understand the sentences that described the motion that is in the same direction. This effect has been shown to apply to sentences that describe concrete actions (putting a book on a shelf) as well as more abstract actions (you told the story to... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Left-leaning red\u2013black tree-Properties of a left-leaning red\u2013black tree-Specifically, in a left-leaning red-black 2\u20133 tree built from N random keys: A random successful search examines log2 N \u2212 0.5 nodes.\nThe average tree height is about 2 log2 N The average size of left subtree exhibits log-oscil... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Security of the Java software platform-Criticism of security manager-The security manager in the Java platform (which, as mentioned above, is designed to allow the user to safely run untrusted bytecode) has been criticized in recent years for making users vulnerable to malware, especially in web browser plugins which ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Job safety analysis-Terminology and definitions-Workplace hazard categories Workplace hazards can be allocated to three categories:Types, Groups, and Families.Workplace hazard types There are three hazard types. They are:Hazards to safety - anything assessed as \"possible\", or more likely, to cause an immediate injur... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integer sorting-Integer sorting-In computer science, integer sorting is the algorithmic problem of sorting a collection of data values by integer keys. Algorithms designed for integer sorting may also often be applied to sorting problems in which the keys are floating point numbers, rational numbers, or text strings. ... | large_corpus_distillation |
add up to 100% of the work necessary to complete the work package." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dependency relation-Dependency relation-The pair (\u03a3,D) is called the concurrent alphabet.:\u200a6\u200a The pair (\u03a3,I) is called the independency alphabet or reliance alphabet, but this term may also refer to the triple (\u03a3,D,I) (with I induced by D ).:\u200a6\u200a Elements x,y\u2208\u03a3 are cal... | large_corpus_distillation |
specification, making them discoverable at runtime.\nClients can utilize new implementations and delegate the choice of port to the infrastructure and runtime, which allows the implementation to be chosen on the basis of quality of service characteristics or business policy." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hotfix-Hotfix-The term \"hotfix\" originally referred to software patches that were applied to \"hot\" systems: those which are live, currently running, and in production status rather than development status. For the developer, a hotfix implies that the change may have been made quickly and outside normal development... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Google Assistant-History-Developer support In December 2016, Google launched \"Actions on Google\", a developer platform for the Google Assistant. Actions on Google allows 3rd party developers to build apps for Google Assistant. In March 2017, Google added new tools for developing on Actions on Google to support the c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Virtual threads-Virtual threads-In computer programming, a green thread (virtual thread) is a thread that is scheduled by a runtime library or virtual machine (VM) instead of natively by the underlying operating system (OS). Green threads emulate multithreaded environments without relying on any native OS abilities, a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quadratic reciprocity-Proof-Here t can have any value that does not make the denominator zero \u2013 for which there are 1+(\u22121p) possibilities (i.e. 2 if \u22121 is a residue, 0 if not) \u2013 and also does not make a zero, which excludes one more option, t=\u22121 . Thus there are p\u2212(1+(\u22121p))\u2... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Discourse representation theory-Donkey anaphora-DRT avoids this problem by assuming that indefinites introduce discourse referents (DRs), which are stored in the mental representation and are accessible (or not, depending on the conditions) to expressions like pronouns and other anaphoric elements. Furthermore, they a... | large_corpus_distillation |
non-beverage sources, or incidental exposure, which can lead to false positives. The sources of possible exposure in the environment are numerous and include alcohol in mouthwash, foods, over-the-counter medications, and even from inhalation of alcohol from topical use. It is impossible with this biomarker to distingui... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Diabolo (drink)-Diabolo (drink)-A diabolo is a non-alcoholic mixed drink available in most restaurants and bars in France. It consists of a common lemon soda mixed with syrup. Popular flavours include mint, strawberry, lemon or grenadine." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fotolog-Fotolog-Fotolog.com (originally Fotolog.net) was a social network for sharing primarily photos. The site claimed that its vision was to build a \"good\" social network which prioritizes the well-being of users. The site only allowed all members of the community to post once per day, which, according to the sit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"RDF query language-Query language families-RDF query languages can be grouped into language families, each family comprising a set of closely related languages.The SPARQL family of languages includes SquishQL, RDQL, SPARQL, and TriQL. These languages treat RDF data stores as triple stores that do not necessarily have ... | large_corpus_distillation |
H) in atomic number sequence i.e. Li\u2013Fr followed by Group 18 in atomic number sequence i.e. He\u2013Og " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cloudbleed-Discovery-The discovery was reported by Google's Project Zero team. Tavis Ormandy posted the issue on his team's issue tracker and said that he informed Cloudflare of the problem on February 17. In his own proof-of-concept attack he got a Cloudflare server to return \"private messages from major dating site... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integer sorting-Integer sorting-Integer sorting algorithms including pigeonhole sort, counting sort, and radix sort are widely used and practical. Other integer sorting algorithms with smaller worst-case time bounds are not believed to be practical for computer architectures with 64 or fewer bits per word. Many such a... | large_corpus_distillation |
can be done with limits, but other constructions continue with the ordering theme.One straightforward choice is the nested intervals theorem, which guarantees that given a sequence of nested, closed intervals whose lengths become arbitrarily small, the intervals contain exactly one real number in their intersection. So... | large_corpus_distillation |
according to the authors, that they were using statistical learning mechanisms to track co-occurrence probabilities across training trials." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transformer types-Instrument transformer-Current transformer A current transformer (CT) is a series connected measurement device designed to provide a current in its secondary coil proportional to the current flowing in its primary. Current transformers are commonly used in metering and protective relays in the electr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Difference bound matrix-Definition-Before introducing the definition of a canonical DBM, we need to define and discuss an order relation on those matrices." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Eigenvalue algorithm-Condition number-The condition number for the problem of finding the eigenspace of a normal matrix A corresponding to an eigenvalue \u03bb has been shown to be inversely proportional to the minimum distance between \u03bb and the other distinct eigenvalues of A. In particular, the eigenspace probl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"20\nexample, if a random sample of subjects were taken from a population with an equal number of males and females, there would\n0.06 70%\nbe a nontrivial probability ( ) that or more of the sample would be female. (To see how to obtain this probability, see the\nsection on the binomial distribution.) Such a sample wo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"KNIME-KNIME-KNIME (), the Konstanz Information Miner, is a free and open-source data analytics, reporting and integration platform. KNIME integrates various components for machine learning and data mining through its modular data pipelining \"Building Blocks of Analytics\" concept. A graphical user interface and use o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Topological ring-Examples-In algebra, the following construction is common: one starts with a commutative ring R containing an ideal I, and then considers the I -adic topology on R : a subset R=U of R is open if and only if for every x\u2208U there exists a natural number n such that x+In\u2286U.\nThis turns ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Distance measure-Details-Note that the comoving distance is recovered from the transverse comoving distance by taking the limit \u03a9k\u21920 , such that the two distance measures are equivalent in a flat universe.\nThere are websites for calculating light-travel distance from redshift.The age of the universe then b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quadratic residue-History, conventions, and elementary facts-Modulo an odd prime power n = pk, the products of residues and nonresidues relatively prime to p obey the same rules as they do mod p; p is a nonresidue, and in general all the residues and nonresidues obey the same rules, except that the products will be ze... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Limit point compact-Properties and examples-In a topological space, subsets without limit point are exactly those that are closed and discrete in the subspace topology. So a space is limit point compact if and only if all its closed discrete subsets are finite.\nA space X is not limit point compact if and only if it ... | large_corpus_distillation |
the display operation reads the pictures to be displayed right from the section of memory where the decoder stored the pictures." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Negative binomial distribution-Occurrence and applications-Consider the following example. Suppose we repeatedly throw a die, and consider a 1 to be a failure. The probability of success on each trial is 5/6. The number of successes before the third failure belongs to the infinite set {\u20090, 1, 2, 3, ...\u2009}. Th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bounding volume-Common types-In many applications the bounding box is aligned with the axes of the co-ordinate system, and it is then known as an axis-aligned bounding box (AABB). To distinguish the general case from an AABB, an arbitrary bounding box is sometimes called an oriented bounding box (OBB), or an OOBB when... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Paracompact space-Examples-The Pr\u00fcfer manifold P is a non-paracompact surface. (It is easy to find an uncountable open cover of P with no refinement of any kind.) The bagpipe theorem shows that there are 2\u21351 topological equivalence classes of non-paracompact surfaces.\nThe Sorgenfrey plane is not paracompact... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Capsule neural network-Routing by agreement-At line 9, the weight matrix for the coupling coefficients and the hidden prediction matrix are shown. The structure in layer I and II is somewhat similar to the cerebral cortex if stellate cells are assumed to be involved in transposing input vectors. Whether both types of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multivariate kernel density estimation-Objective and data-driven kernel selection-Recent research has shown that the kernel and its bandwidth can both be optimally and objectively chosen from the input data itself without making any assumptions about the form of the distribution. The resulting kernel density estimate ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ordinary least squares-Properties-One of the lines of difference in interpretation is whether to treat the regressors as random variables, or as predefined constants. In the first case (random design) the regressors xi are random and sampled together with the yi's from some population, as in an observational study. Th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Semantic interoperability-Semantic as a function of syntactic interoperability-Syntactic interoperability, provided by for instance XML or the SQL standards, is a pre-requisite to semantic. It involves a common data format and common protocol to structure any data so that the manner of processing the information will ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Logistic function-Applications-In medicine: modeling of growth of tumors Another application of logistic curve is in medicine, where the logistic differential equation is used to model the growth of tumors. This application can be considered an extension of the above-mentioned use in the framework of ecology (see also... | large_corpus_distillation |
"External memory graph traversal-External memory breadth-first search-The breadth-first search algorithm starts at a root node and traverses every node with depth one. If there are no more unvisited nodes at the current depth, nodes at a higher depth are traversed. Eventually, every node of the graph has been visited." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Day for night-In other media-Example of day and night scenes using the same photo: Though the results resemble day for night film and video shots, the techniques are quite different. Instead of reducing the exposure of the print made for the night version, the colorist painted an identical print with darker individual... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Universal grammar-Chomsky's theory-Chomsky argued that the human brain contains a limited set of constraints for organizing language. This implies in turn that all languages have a common structural basis: the set of rules known as \"universal grammar\"." | large_corpus_distillation |
it can be extended in other schemas.\nSimple data type String: This is the most often used simple type. EXPRESS strings can be of any length and can contain any character (ISO 10646/Unicode).\nBinary: This data type is only very rarely used. It covers a number of bits (not bytes). For some implementations the size is l... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Load balancing (computing)-Approaches-If, however, the tasks cannot be subdivided (i.e., they are atomic), although optimizing task assignment is a difficult problem, it is still possible to approximate a relatively fair distribution of tasks, provided that the size of each of them is much smaller than the total compu... | large_corpus_distillation |
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