text stringlengths 5 1.02k | source stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|
"Sparse distributed memory-Definition-The formal model of neuron makes further simplifying assumptions. An n-input neuron is modeled by a linear threshold function F:{0,1}n\u2212>{0,1} as follows : For i=0,...,n\u22121 where n is the number of inputs, let Ft be the output at time t: Ft\u2208{0,1} , and let xi,t be... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Simple Mail Transfer Protocol-SMTP transport example-A typical example of sending a message via SMTP to two mailboxes (alice and theboss) located in the same mail domain (example.com) is reproduced in the following session exchange. (In this example, the conversation parts are prefixed with S: and C:, for server and c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lie group-Basic concepts-Because the exponential map is surjective on some neighbourhood N of e , it is common to call elements of the Lie algebra infinitesimal generators of the group G . The subgroup of G generated by N is the identity component of G The exponential map and the Lie algebra determine the local ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Communication protocol-Basic requirements-Direction of information flow Direction needs to be addressed if transmissions can only occur in one direction at a time as on half-duplex links or from one sender at a time as on a shared medium. This is known as media access control. Arrangements have to be made to accommoda... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Network controllability-Background-Maximum matching In graph theory, a matching is a set of edges without common vertices. Liu et al. extended this definition to directed graph, where a matching is a set of directed edges that do not share start or end vertices. It is easy to check that a matching of a directed graph ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vandermonde matrix-Determinant-The polynomials 1 , x\u2212x0 , (x\u2212x0)(x\u2212x1) , \u2026, (x\u2212x0)(x\u2212x1)\u22ef(x\u2212xn\u22121) are monic of respective degrees 0, 1, \u2026, n. Their matrix on the monomial basis is an upper-triangular matrix U (if the monomials are ordered in increasing degrees), wi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Glossary\nSample Word 1 | Sample Definition 1\n1 https://chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/279558" | large_corpus_distillation |
"Spillover (experiment)-Statistical issues-Estimating spillover effects requires relaxing the non-interference assumption. This is because a unit's outcomes depend not only on its treatment assignment but also on the treatment assignment of its neighbors. The researcher must posit a set of potential outcomes that limit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multi-core processor-Development-Disadvantages Maximizing the usage of the computing resources provided by multi-core processors requires adjustments both to the operating system (OS) support and to existing application software. Also, the ability of multi-core processors to increase application performance depends on... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Oblivious RAM-History of ORAMs-The main result in this work is that there exists an ORAM compiler that uses O(n) server space and incurs a running time overhead of log 3\u2061n) when making a program that uses n memory cells oblivious. This work initiated a series of works in the construction of oblivious RAMs that... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Karmarkar-Karp bin packing algorithms-Input-The input to a bin-packing problem is a set of items of different sizes, a1,...an. The following notation is used: n - the number of items.\nm - the number of different item sizes. For each i in 1,...,m: si is the i-th size; ni is the number of items of size si.\nB - the bin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lehmer code-Applications to combinatorics and probabilities-Independence of relative ranks The Lehmer code defines a bijection from the symmetric group Sn to the Cartesian product [n]\u00d7[n\u22121]\u00d7\u22ef\u00d7[2]\u00d7[1] , where [k] designates the k-element set {0,1,\u2026,k\u22121} . As a consequence, unde... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ping-pong lemma-Formal statements-Suppose there exist pairwise disjoint nonempty subsets X1, X2, ...,Xk of X such that the following holds: For any i \u2260 s and for any h in Hi, h \u2260 1 we have h(Xs) \u2286 Xi.Then Proof By the definition of free product, it suffices to check that a given (nonempty) reduced word ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiset-History-Wayne Blizard traced multisets back to the very origin of numbers, arguing that \"in ancient times, the number n was often represented by a collection of n strokes, tally marks, or units.\" These and similar collections of objects are multisets, because strokes, tally marks, or units are considered in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Morphological dictionary-Notable examples and formalisms-Sample data from SMOR (German SFST grammar):<Base_Stems>Aachen<NN><base><nativ><Name-Neut_s> <Base_Stems>Aal<NN><base><nativ><NMasc_es_e> <Base_Stems>Aarau<NN><base><nativ><Name-Neut_s> <Suff_Stems><suffderiv><gebunden><kompos><NN>nom<>:e<>:n<NN><SUFF><kompos><f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hook (music)-Use in market research-The hooks of a song may be used in market research to assist in gauging the popularity of a song based on the listener's ability to recognize the song's hook. Often radio stations conduct \"call out\" either on the Internet, via telephone, or a music test (either online or in an in-... | large_corpus_distillation |
"2-opt-Efficient Implementation-Building the new route and calculating the distance of the new route can be a very expensive operation, usually O(n) where n is the number of vertices in the route. This can be skipped in the symmetrical case (where the distance between two nodes is the same in each opposite direction) ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multicast lightpaths-Concept of DBPP and SBPP on multicast connections-Dedicated backup path protection (DBPP) for multicast connections: Depending on the network topology, a dedicated backup path concept can be applied for multicast traffic. A dedicated backup path protection is a multicast session from source node F... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Swap (computer programming)-Facilitation of swapping in modern computers-Parallel execution With the advent of instruction pipelining in modern computers and multi-core processors facilitating parallel computing, two or more operations can be performed at once. This can speed up the swap using temporary variables and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"German orthography-Punctuation-The comma is used between for enumerations (but the serial comma is not used), before adversative conjunctions, after vocative phrases, for clarifying words such as appositions, before and after infinitive and participle constructions, and between clauses in a sentence. A comma may link ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fully qualified name-Programming-Examples To distinguish a fully qualified name from a regular name, C++, Tcl, Perl and Ruby use two colons (::), and Java uses dots (.), as does Visual Basic .NET. and C#. In Java, ActionScript, and other object-oriented languages the use of the dot is known as \"dot syntax\". Other ex... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tropical cyclone tracking chart-Sources of information-In order to use a hurricane tracking chart, one needs access to latitude/longitude pairs of the cyclone's center and maximum sustained wind information in order to know which symbol to depict. New tropical cyclone information is available at least every twelve hou... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Uncertain inference-Further work-Croft and Krovetz applied uncertain inference to an information retrieval system for office documents they called OFFICER. In office documents the independence assumption is valid since the query will focus on their individual attributes. Besides analysing the content of documents one ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Interior-point method-Interior-point method-Yurii Nesterov, and Arkadi Nemirovski came up with a special class of such barriers that can be used to encode any convex set. They guarantee that the number of iterations of the algorithm is bounded by a polynomial in the dimension and accuracy of the solution.The Chambolle... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Grover's algorithm-Optimality-If the Grover's search problem was solvable with logc N applications of U\u03c9, that would imply that NP is contained in BQP, by transforming problems in NP into Grover-type search problems. The optimality of Grover's algorithm suggests that quantum computers cannot solve NP-Complete pro... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Positional notation-Mathematics-The highest symbol of a positional numeral system usually has the value one less than the value of the radix of that numeral system. The standard positional numeral systems differ from one another only in the base they use.\nThe radix is an integer that is greater than 1, since a radix ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Base (exponentiation)-Roots-When the nth power of b equals a number a, or aNCR. = bn, then b is called an \"nth root\" of a. For example, 10 is a fourth root of 10,000. = " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data mining-Process-If the learned patterns do not meet the desired standards, it is necessary to re-evaluate and change the pre-processing and data mining steps. If the learned patterns do meet the desired standards, then the final step is to interpret the learned patterns and turn them into knowledge." | large_corpus_distillation |
"LP-type problem-Variations-Chan's algorithm performs the following steps: If the number of input values is below some threshold value, find the set of LP-type elements that it determines and solve the resulting explicit LP-type problem.\nOtherwise, partition the input values into a suitable number greater than k of eq... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kernel smoother-Local polynomial regression-Instead of fitting locally linear functions, one can fit polynomial functions.\nFor p=1, one should minimize: min \u03b1(X0),\u03b2j(X0),j=1,...,d\u2211i=1NKh\u03bb(X0,Xi)(Y(Xi)\u2212\u03b1(X0)\u2212\u2211j=1d\u03b2j(X0)Xij)2 with Y^(X0)=\u03b1(X0)+\u2211j=1d\u03b2j(X0)X0j ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Common Intermediate Language-Computational model-Code that adds two numbers in x86 assembly language, where eax and edx specify two different general-purpose registers: Code in an intermediate language (IL), where 0 is eax and 1 is edx: In the latter example, the values of the two registers, eax and edx, are first pus... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Free and open-source software-Usage-Quality, collaboration and efficiency FOSS allows for better collaboration among various parties and individuals with the goal of developing the most efficient software for its users or use-cases while proprietary software is typically meant to generate profits. Furthermore, in many... | large_corpus_distillation |
first ever to have all of its tracks linked to a synchronization license.The job of a music supervisor has only recently become increasingly significant and the importance of this position continues to grow. Institutions such as the Guild of Music Supervisors are promoting the understanding of music supervision. In 200... | large_corpus_distillation |
"K-server problem-Example-The k-server conjecture states that similar solutions exist for problems with any larger number of technicians." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Monomorphism-Monomorphism-In the context of abstract algebra or universal algebra, a monomorphism is an injective homomorphism. A monomorphism from X to Y is often denoted with the notation X\u21aaY In the more general setting of category theory, a monomorphism (also called a monic morphism or a mono) is a left-cance... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Chebyshev nodes-Approximation-The Chebyshev nodes are important in approximation theory because they form a particularly good set of nodes for polynomial interpolation. Given a function \u0192 on the interval [\u22121,+1] and n points x1,x2,\u2026,xn, in that interval, the interpolation polynomial is that unique po... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cubic reciprocity-Eisenstein integers-The \"other imaginary quantities\" needed for the \"theory of residues of higher powers\" are the rings of integers of the cyclotomic number fields; the Gaussian and Eisenstein integers are the simplest examples of these.\nFacts and terminology Let 1.\nAnd consider the ring of Eis... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Geometric series-Instances-Geometric series The geometric series has two degrees of freedom: one for its coefficient a and another for its common ratio r. In the map of polynomials, the big red circle represents the set of all geometric series." | large_corpus_distillation |
"TimeML-TimeML Tags-SIGNAL The SIGNAL tag represents a temporal signal. These are any function words that suggest a particular temporal relationship. Example SIGNALs are: when, in, after.\nTLINK TLINKS, or Temporal Links establish relationships between two or more events for the purpose of ordering them in time. Tempor... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ternary conditional operator-Usage-Using System.Math Using the System.StrUtils library Usage example: Unlike a true ternary operator however, both of the results are evaluated prior to performing the comparison. For example, if one of the results is a call to a function which inserts a row into a database table, that ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Semidefinite embedding-Algorithm-The neighbourhood graph is \"unfolded\" with the help of semidefinite programming. Instead of learning the output vectors directly, the semidefinite programming aims to find an inner product matrix that maximizes the pairwise distances between any two inputs that are not connected in t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Augmented matrix-Augmented matrix-An augmented matrix may also be used to find the inverse of a matrix by combining it with the identity matrix." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Schema.org-History-Schema.org is an initiative launched on June 2, 2011, by Bing, Google and Yahoo! (operators of the world's largest search engines at that time) to create and support a common set of schemas for structured data markup on web pages. In November 2011, Yandex (whose search engine is the largest in Russi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Crypt (C)-Key derivation functions supported by crypt-Original implementation using the password as a key The original implementation of the crypt() library function in Third Edition Unix mimicked the M-209 cipher machine. Rather than encrypting the password with a key, which would have allowed the password to be reco... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Adaptive collaborative control-Initialization-A number of ways are available to gather observational data for use in functional models. The easiest method to gather observational data is simple human observation of the robotic system. Self-monitoring attributes such as built-in test (BIT) can provide regular reports o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Secure Mobile Architecture-Secure Mobile Architecture Components-Host Identity Payload (HIP): provides a mechanism by which the identity of the equipment or its user is carried securely in every packet.\nPublic Key Infrastructure (PKI): provides cryptographic identities for the HIP protocol.\nSecure Directory: retains... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fstab-Example-The following is an example of an fstab file on a typical Linux system.\nThe order of records in fstab is important because fsck(8), mount(8), and umount(8) sequentially iterate through fstab and mount in the order defined.Blank lines and comment lines beginning with a \"#\" are ignored.\nThe space or ta... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Johnson\u2013Lindenstrauss lemma-Speeding up the JL transform-Given A, computing the matrix vector product takes O(kd) time. There has been some work in deriving distributions for which the matrix vector product can be computed in less than O(kd) time.\nThere are two major lines of work. The first, Fast Johnson Lind... | large_corpus_distillation |
"P (complexity)-Definition-A language L is in P if and only if there exists a deterministic Turing machine M, such that M runs for polynomial time on all inputs For all x in L, M outputs 1 For all x not in L, M outputs 0P can also be viewed as a uniform family of boolean circuits. A language L is in P if and only if th... | large_corpus_distillation |
ASTM E2862 Standard Practice for Probability of Detection Analysis for Hit/Miss Data and MIL-HDBK-1823A Nondestructive Evaluation System Reliability Assessment, from the U.S. Department of Defense Handbook." | large_corpus_distillation |
particularly with respect to how the concept is employed in feature theories." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Discrimination testing-Statistical basis-The statistical principle behind any discrimination test should be to reject a null hypothesis (H0) that states there is no detectable difference between two (or more) products. If there is sufficient evidence to reject H0 in favor of the alternative hypothesis, HA: There is a ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiplicative group of integers modulo n-Examples-For example, take 20 Z)\u00d7 . Then 20 )=8 means that the order of the group is 8 (i.e., there are 8 numbers less than 20 and coprime to it); 20 )=4 means the order of each element divides 4, that is, the fourth power of any number coprime to 20 is congruent to 1 ... | large_corpus_distillation |
like the Pythagoreans of ancient Greece, you have a strongly held\n\u2013\nreligious conviction that all numbers are rational, it does not seem terribly important. On the other hand, the very existence of\n\u221a2\nraises some interesting questions. For example what can the symbol\n4\u221a2\npossibly mean? If the expon... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Prime-factor FFT algorithm-Algorithm-To count the number of ways transforming DFT \u03c9n into DFT \u03c9nd\u2218\u03b7\u2217 we only need to count the number of additive group isomorphisms from (Zn,+,0) to \u220fd(Znd,+,0) , or alternative, the number of additive group automorphisms on (Zn,+,0) Since (Zn,+,0) i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gauss's lemma (number theory)-Higher powers-Letting x = 1 and taking residues mod p mod p).\nSince n and p are coprime, n\u22620 mod p, but under the assumption, one of the factors on the right must be zero. Therefore, the assumption that two distinct roots are congruent is false.\nThus the residue classes of Ok/... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Infosec Standard 5-Requirements-The choice of method affects reusability. Four different outcomes are considered: Reuse of media in a similarly secure environment; Reuse of media in a less-secure environment (accredited at a lower IL); Reuse anywhere (i.e. an untrusted or unknown environment); Destruction.Stricter req... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Approximate Membership Query Filter-Data Structures-There are different ways to solve the approximate membership query problem. The most known data structure are Bloom filters, but there are other data structures that perform better for some false positive rates and space requirements, support additional operations, o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Parsing expression grammar-Advantages-Any PEG can be parsed in linear time by using a packrat parser, as described above.\nMany CFGs contain ambiguities, even when they're intended to describe unambiguous languages. The \"dangling else\" problem in C, C++, and Java is one example. These problems are often resolved by ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Environment Modules (software)-modulefiles-The key advantage of Environment Modules is that it is shell independent and supports all major shells such as bash, ksh, zsh, sh, tcsh, and csh. The second key advantage is that it allows to use multiple versions of the program or package from the same account by just loadin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lai\u2013Massey scheme-Construction details-Let F be the round function, and H a half-round function, and let K0,K1,\u2026,Kn be the sub-keys for the rounds 0,1,\u2026,n respectively.\nThen the basic operation is as follows: Split the plaintext block into two equal pieces, ( L0 , R0 ).\nFor each round i=0,1,\u20... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Community structure-Algorithms for finding communities-In the minimum-cut method, the network is divided into a predetermined number of parts, usually of approximately the same size, chosen such that the number of edges between groups is minimized. The method works well in many of the applications for which it was ori... | large_corpus_distillation |
of the given graph. Thus, the biconnected components partition the edges of the graph; however, they may share vertices with each other." | large_corpus_distillation |
inequalities for convolution When p=2 , the P\u00f3lya\u2013Szeg\u0151 inequality can be proved by representing the Sobolev energy by the heat kernel. One begins by observing that lim t\u219201t(\u222bRn|u|2\u2212\u222bRn\u222bRnKt(x\u2212y)u(x)u(y)dxdy), where for t\u2208(0,+\u221e) , the function Kt:Rn\u2192R is ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors-Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices-Three-dimensional matrix example with complex eigenvalues Consider the cyclic permutation matrix This matrix shifts the coordinates of the vector up by one position and moves the first coordinate to the bottom. Its characteristic polynomial is 1 \u2... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CPU cache-Cache hierarchy in a modern processor-Specialized caches Pipelined CPUs access memory from multiple points in the pipeline: instruction fetch, virtual-to-physical address translation, and data fetch (see classic RISC pipeline). The natural design is to use different physical caches for each of these points, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Package manager-Prevalence-Package managers like dpkg have existed as early as 1994.Linux distributions oriented to binary packages rely heavily on package management systems as their primary means of managing and maintaining software. Mobile operating systems such as Android (Linux-based), iOS (Unix-based), and Windo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modular construction-Time-Production algorithms Since the technology required to manufacture the components of modular construction, the prefabricated parts of modular buildings are carried out by modular factories. To optimize time, modular factories consider the specifications and resources of the project and adapt ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Loss given default-How to calculate LGD-Gross LGD is most popular amongst academics because of its simplicity and because academics only have access to bond market data, where collateral values often are unknown, uncalculated or irrelevant. Blanco LGD is popular amongst some practitioners (banks) because banks often h... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Carmichael function-Properties of the Carmichael function-Proof: If m = k\u03bb(n) + r with 0 \u2264 r < \u03bb(n), then mod n) for all numbers a coprime with n. It follows r = 0, since r < \u03bb(n) and \u03bb(n) the minimal positive such number." | large_corpus_distillation |
"CodeScene-History-CodeScene is based on the ideas from the book Your Code As A Crime Scene: Use Forensic Techniques to Arrest Defects, Bottlenecks, and Bad Design in Your Programs by Empear's founder Adam Tornhill.\nThe first version of CodeScene was released in 2016, and the current version is 4.0 which comes with au... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Design by contract-Performance implications-Contract conditions should never be violated during execution of a bug-free program. Contracts are therefore typically only checked in debug mode during software development. Later at release, the contract checks are disabled to maximize performance.\nIn many programming lan... | large_corpus_distillation |
"LU decomposition-Definitions-Without a proper ordering or permutations in the matrix, the factorization may fail to materialize. For example, it is easy to verify (by expanding the matrix multiplication) that 11 11 11 {\\textstyle a_{11}=\\ell _{11}u_{11}} . If 11 {\\textstyle a_{11}=0} , then at least one of 11 {\... | large_corpus_distillation |
ground level, it is not a branch but a separate trunk and this tree should be considered a multi-trunk tree." | large_corpus_distillation |
as the\nother views.\nIt is convenient in this third visualization to define the rate from any state i to any other state j as\nq =\u03bd P\nij i ij\nIf we sum over j, we see that \u03bd i and P ij are also uniquely determined by {q ij ;i,j\u22650} as\n\u03bd =\u2211q ; P =q /\u03bd\ni ij ij ij i\nj\nThis means that th... | large_corpus_distillation |
where\nt issecondsaftertheshotand v isthevelocitymeasured\ninfeetpersecond.Thisequationonlymodelsthevelocity\nforthefirsthalf-secondaftertheshot: 0\u2264t\u22640.5. What\nis the total distance the bullet travels in 0.5 sec?" | large_corpus_distillation |
"Metamath-Metamath-Metamath is a formal language and an associated computer program (a proof checker) for archiving, verifying, and studying mathematical proofs. Several databases of proved theorems have been developed using Metamath covering standard results in logic, set theory, number theory, algebra, topology and a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Structured kNN-Structured kNN-Structured k-Nearest Neighbours is a machine learning algorithm that generalizes the k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) classifier.\nWhereas the kNN classifier supports binary classification, multiclass classification and regression, the Structured kNN (SkNN) allows training of a classifier for ge... | large_corpus_distillation |
\u2295 \u03b2 or as \u03b1 \u2295 (\u03b1 \u2295 \u03b3), and hence \u03b1 \u2295 \u03b2 is the minimum excluded ordinal." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Unstructured data-Background-The earliest research into business intelligence focused in on unstructured textual data, rather than numerical data. As early as 1958, computer science researchers like H.P. Luhn were particularly concerned with the extraction and classification of unstructured text. However, only since t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vertex cover-Definition-A minimum vertex cover is a vertex cover of smallest possible size. The vertex cover number \u03c4 is the size of a minimum vertex cover, i.e. \u03c4=|V\u2032| . The lower figure shows examples of minimum vertex covers in the previous graphs.\nExamples The set of all vertices is a vertex cove... | large_corpus_distillation |
"PurifyPlus-Overview-PurifyPlus allows dynamic verification, a process by which a program discovers errors that occur when the program runs, much like a debugger. Static verification or static code analysis, by contrast, involves detecting errors in the source code without ever compiling or running it, just by discover... | large_corpus_distillation |
that arise from the bipartite matching problem, the number of phases is bounded by O(V) , therefore leading to the O(VE) time bound. The resulting algorithm is also known as Hopcroft\u2013Karp algorithm. More generally, this bound holds for any unit network \u2014 a network in which each vertex, except for source and... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MinHash-Incorporating weights-min max (xi,yi) Further extensions that achieve this collision probability on real weights with better runtime have been developed, one for dense data, and another for sparse data.Another family of extensions use exponentially distributed hashes. A uniformly random hash between 0 and 1 ca... | large_corpus_distillation |
own full set of regression test documentation, it becomes simple to identify problems in test services. Testing evolves to merely validate that the test service operates according to its documentation, and finds gaps in documentation and test cases of all services within the environment. Managing the data state of idem... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Average-case complexity-History and background-The fundamental notions of average-case complexity were developed by Leonid Levin in 1986 when he published a one-page paper defining average-case complexity and completeness while giving an example of a complete problem for distNP, the average-case analogue of NP." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Smudge attack-Countermeasures-Physiological biometrics such as Android Face Unlock, iPhone Touch ID and Face ID, and Trusted Voice have been recently implemented in mobile devices as the main or alternative method of validation. There are also other novel ways that have potential to be a future security scheme but hav... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wired Equivalent Privacy-Remedies-Use of encrypted tunneling protocols (e.g., IPsec, Secure Shell) can provide secure data transmission over an insecure network. However, replacements for WEP have been developed with the goal of restoring security to the wireless network itself." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Grammar systems theory-Grammar systems theory-Let GA be a formal grammar which generates language LA . The behavior of A is then described by this grammar. Suppose the A has a subsumption architecture; each component of this architecture can be then represented as a formal grammar, too, and the final behavior of t... | large_corpus_distillation |
back into English using B\u00f6k's substitution cipher. This substitution cipher consists of mutually pairing off every letter in the alphabet, thus mimicking the way that DNA and RNA codons are mutually \"paired\"." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sentence (mathematical logic)-Sentence (mathematical logic)-A set of sentences is called a theory; thus, individual sentences may be called theorems. To properly evaluate the truth (or falsehood) of a sentence, one must make reference to an interpretation of the theory. For first-order theories, interpretations are co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lasso (statistics)-History-At the time, ridge regression was the most popular technique for improving prediction accuracy. Ridge regression improves prediction error by shrinking the sum of the squares of the regression coefficients to be less than a fixed value in order to reduce overfitting, but it does not perform ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Key feedback mode-Common modes-Example CBC has been the most commonly used mode of operation. Its main drawbacks are that encryption is sequential (i.e., it cannot be parallelized), and that the message must be padded to a multiple of the cipher block size. One way to handle this last issue is through the method known... | large_corpus_distillation |
when acc is also non-negligible. This allows us to prove that if the underlying hard problem is indeed hard, then no adversary can forge signatures." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data journalism-Process of data-driven journalism-Publishing data story There are different options to publish data and visualizations. A basic approach is to attach the data to single stories, similar to embedding web videos. More advanced concepts allow to create single dossiers, e.g. to display a number of visualiz... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Monitoring as a service-Monitoring as a service-Monitoring as a service (MaaS) is one of many cloud computing delivery models under anything as a service (XaaS). It is a framework that facilitates the deployment of monitoring functionalities for various other services and applications within the cloud. The most common... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fetch-and-add-Hardware and software support-x86 implementation In the x86 architecture, the instruction ADD with the destination operand specifying a memory location is a fetch-and-add instruction that has been there since the 8086 (it just wasn't called that then), and with the LOCK prefix, is atomic across multiple ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Java virtual machine-JVM in the web browser-As of June 2015 according to W3Techs, Java applet and Silverlight use had fallen to 0.1% each for all web sites, while Flash had fallen to 10.8%.\nJavaScript JVMs and interpreters As of May 2016, JavaPoly allows users to import unmodified Java libraries, and invoke them dire... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Singleton bound-MDS codes-In the case of binary alphabets, only trivial MDS codes exist.Examples of non-trivial MDS codes include Reed-Solomon codes and their extended versions.MDS codes are an important class of block codes since, for a fixed n and k , they have the greatest error correcting and detecting capabilit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Code 11-Code 11-Code 11 is a barcode symbology developed by Intermec in 1977, and it is used primarily in telecommunications. The symbol can encode any length string consisting of the digits 0\u20139 and the dash character (-). A twelfth code represents the start/stop character, commonly printed as \"*\". One or two m... | large_corpus_distillation |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.