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The Demon in the Freezer	events leading dr. steven hatfill becoming doj person interest related.finally indignation alfred sommer dean johns hopkins school public health news army animal smallpox experiments described well reiteration da hendersons opposition same.section superpox begins description attempt replication jacksonramshaw virus lab saint louis university school medicine mark buller working usamriid.potential similarly engineered supersmallpox virus use terrorist examined.procedure transfection interleukin gene mousepox virus described.finally unusual artifact—the preserved arm three fouryearold child classic smallpox lesions discovered housed usamriid—is described.
Death of Mason Pendrous	leads author muse dream total eradication failed although could eradicate smallpox nature could uproot virus human heart.references external links richard prestonrichard prestons homepagedeath raised concerns welfare young students staying student accommodation new zealand body laid undiscovered room two four weeks although exact timeframe remains unclear.pendrous death made headlines new zealand garnered international media attention resulting number investigations including police response new zealand education minister ultimately leading law reform.incident also prompted universities review pastoral care halls residence prompted discussion decline quality care provided companies managing student accommodation.investigations incident unable determine cause death.independent investigation conducted behalf university canterbury found campus living villages failed adequately follow processes monitor student welfare.coroner sue johnson handled case concluded evidence show pendrous death avoidable likely due natural causes.in cherry tree dedicated memory pendrous surrounding gardens historic ilam homestead.campus living villages sold property assets christchurch cedar pacific management properties handed unilodge october year.
Death of Mason Pendrous	background pendrous years old first year bachelors degree ecommerce.occupied room hinoki building sonoda student hall residence one several facilities owned run campus living villages clv.pendrous wellington formerly attended scots college.member school rowing team.pendrous family friends described good confident guy outgoing busy student enjoyed computer gaming would sometimes spend several days alone presumably engaged hobby.pendrous close relationship stepfather anthony holland raised pendrous young age alongside mother died breast cancer .
Death of Mason Pendrous	holland claimed pendrous good spirits excited university seemed enjoying university life appeared mental health issues.however claimed pendrous struggling academically staff sonoda concerned became difficult contact earlier year.cause death pendrous advanced state decomposition found complicating efforts identify establish exact cause death remains unknown following conclusion coroners investigation.however evidence drug use selfharm involved pendrous body moved case treated suspicious.november holland told media advised son likely died natural causes.forensic pathologist dr christopher lawrence performed full autopsy stated obvious injuries pendrous body.
Death of Mason Pendrous	however pendrous found close heating unit turned high setting possession medicine gastrointestinal discomfort.lawrence noted could indicate pendrous fever may unwell would possible assess pendrous died result infection.timeline incident exact circumstances leading pendrous death unclear due semiseclusive behaviour however alleged concerns raised early may .maycampus living villages claims period pendrous slow collect replacement access key card sonoda complex stayed at.staff discuss need check pendrous regularly.unclear followed up.friday junependrous last bank transaction occurred day countdown supermarket located church corner area upper riccarton.friday julyholland speaks pendrous last time approximately pm.
Death of Mason Pendrous	holland described sounding happy.monday augustpendrous photographically recorded leaving entering hinoki building lived.last time confirmed left building.monday augustholland unable reach pendrous despite sending emails text messages assumed due busy lifestyle.around time holland claims attempted contact campus living villages.saturday augustat beginning midsemester break twoweek break lectures pendrous logs universityprovided internet last time.allegedly messaged online friends played multiplayer games joking results game played together.last time pendrous heard from.
Death of Mason Pendrous	discovering pendrous phone number deactivated holland becomes suspicious emails university canterbury enquire.alleges neither campus living villages university canterbury able determine last seen pendrous.monday septemberpendrous body found approximately pm campus living villages duty manager.students claim noticed strange smell complex september.purported alarm raised student scaled roof peer pendrous room ground level.pendrous body heavily decomposed.police required assistance disaster identification team use specialist methods typically fingerprints dental records identify bodies.
Death of Mason Pendrous	initially reported pendrous deceased eight weeks later revised approximately four.reaction reaction death pendrous swiftly spread around new zealand media picked number outlets weeks following initial story broadly criticising circumstances allowed pendrous lay unnoticed weeks death raising concerns quality pastoral care provided companies offering accommodation services.student unions also demanded changes better protect students.in october reported fraudsters created fake fundraising campaign crowdfunding website gogetfunding using memory pendrous solicit donations.page taken several days.criticism campus living villages campus living villages headquartered australia came scrutiny following pendrous death large due perception company failed provide pastoral care promised.
Death of Mason Pendrous	former students stayed sonoda facilities owned company penned articles critical quality care company offered alleged left unnoticed stay.one former residential assistant left role claimed company intentionally understaffing cut costs putting strain staff making difficult provide appropriate care ignoring warnings.holland also alleged john schroder managing director campus living villages told twelve deaths across global facilities last thirteen months.schroder would later state incident knowledge student died gone unnoticed extended period time.schroder held press conference response pendrous death announcing company would begin investigation pendrous went unnoticed several weeks would consider changing operates.sonoda campus removed companys website facility made unavailable first year students following incident.other new zealand halls residence operated campus living villages made adjustments processes including te pa taiura student village otago polytechnic.
Death of Mason Pendrous	university canterbury vicechancellor cheryl de la rey apologised pendrous family fronted press address death stating inconceivable imagine circumstances could occurred.following pendrous’ death questions raised relationship university canterbury campus living villages provide accommodation first signed contract renegotiated several times since.university announced would starting investigation case would comment considering terminating contract campus living villages.january university collaborated lincoln university develop student health initiative support student wellbeing.in december following conclusion coroner university canterbury released press statement stating would implement variety new programmes support firstyear students transition university life well system allow staff monitor student engagement progress help detect students struggling.university also dropped support semiindependent accommodation packages firstyear students requiring ratio residential assistants students apartmentstyle facilities.university formally reached campus living villages issues.
Death of Mason Pendrous	reviews universities response pendrous death universities new zealand began reviewing student accommodation services including southern institute technology.tim fowler chief executive tertiary education commission contacted every tertiary provider new zealand requesting review accommodation services provided students.ashley day former head several halls residences university otago publicly called compulsory ratio residential assistants students.day criticised reduction number residential assistants student accommodation providers new zealand well increased responsibilities stating young people experience put managerial positions.details also emerged unrelated death yearold student victoria university wellington following investigations student accommodation however student discovered shortly death university happy staff response.case conjunction pendrous death prompted education minister chris hipkins investigate regulatory rules accommodation providers would lead law reform.investigations new zealand police coroner conducted investigation death.
Death of Mason Pendrous	treated nonsuspicious.investigation focused mainly timeframe pendrous died dubbed operation hinoki.coroner sue johnson concluded investigation december stating exact cause pendrous death indeterminable due state decomposition body found in.jonhson made final comments case stating pendrous likely died unascertained natural causes sudden medical event slowly developing illness.jonhson concluded evidence show pendrous death avoidable.both campus living villages university canterbury announced internal investigations incident shortly pendrous death.
Death of Mason Pendrous	latter independently conducted six weeks former high court judge kit toogood qc however release report delayed twice first late november toogood stated coroners investigation takes precedence.outcome uc investigation toogood released findings investigation january .report concluded primary reason pendrous found timely manner preference spend time alone room students clv staff alarmed absence.however report also noted campus living villages failed adequately followup pendrous concerns raised move toogood labelled inconsistent accepted practice.report also stated shortage staff sonoda processes monitor student welfare loosely adhered to.
Death of Mason Pendrous	toogood made several recommendations report including increasing minimum staffing numbers introducing new processes monitor student wellbeing restricting first year students living sonoda.an article published stuff claimed robust page report intended confidential allegedly withheld media stated university canterbury disclosed student grades campus living villages regional manager expecting students concern checked upon.company followup information month despite sent reminder emails.likely pendrous would found sooner information acted upon.clv claimed historically staff would followedup matter days.in september campus living villages sold property assets christchurch cedar pacific handed operations unilodge.clv spokesperson confirmed handover would effect october year.
Death of Mason Pendrous	government response following news death education minister chris hipkins released statement “my thoughts family friends victim.must incredibly distressing time them.expressed expectation university would investigate.hipkins would later vow look reforming law time student accommodation codes adopted voluntary basis providers.decision prompted pendrous case new details student death victoria university wellington .
Death of Mason Pendrous	changes education act monday october hipkins announced urgent law change response death mason pendrous dubbed education pastoral care amendment bill.interim code developed put effect start academic year pending permanent code would mandatory universities adhere to.set replace existing voluntary code making offence education act student harmed result failure provide adequate pastoral care.proposed institutions liable fines nzd.holland reportedly said statement pleased grateful described governments reaction swift.
Online shaming	bill passed first reading october.hipkins labelled former voluntary code failed maintain adequate standards student wellbeing.response ardern following announcements law change prime minister jacinda ardern questioned reforms allegations response kneejerk reaction pendrous case.ardern refused comment specifically pendrous death instead stating waiting coroners investigation conclude.referencestwitter facebook localized media e.g.email groups.online shaming frequently involves exposing private information internet ethics public humiliation source debate internet privacy media ethics.online shaming takes many forms including callouts cancellation cancel culture doxing negative reviews revenge porn.description online shaming form public shaming internet users harassed mocked bullied internet users online.
Online shaming	shaming may involve commenting directly shamed sharing private messages posting private photos.shamed perceived committed social transgression internet users use public exposure shame offender.people shamed online variety reasons usually consisting form social transgression posting offensive comments posting offensive images memes online gossip lying.shamed online necessarily committed social transgression however.online shaming may used get revenge example form revenge pornography stalk blackmail threaten internet users.privacy violation major issue online shaming.shamed may denied right privacy subject defamation.
Online shaming	david furlow chairman media privacy defamation committee american bar association identified potential privacy concerns raised websites facilitating distribution information part public record documents filed government agency said websites give forum people whose statements may reflect truth.types callouts cancellation cancel culture callout culture describes form ostracism someone something thrust social professional circles either online social media real world both.said canceled.merriamwebster defines cancel stop giving support person dictionary.com defines calling bad behavior boycotting work watching movies listening music trying take away public platform power.lisa nakamura professor media studies university michigan defines cancelling simply cultural boycott act depriving someone attention deprives livelihood.the notion cancel culture variant term callout culture constitutes form boycott involving individual usually celebrity deemed acted spoken questionable controversial manner.over past years cancel culture become pervasive presence american society.
Online shaming	americans find term associated social media entertainment instead politics.business insider conducted poll conjunction surveymonkey asked respondents hear term cancel culture following associate please select apply.respondents identified cancel culture social media identified cancel culture entertainment industry associated news media listed colleges know cancel culture was.regarding politics partisan splits issue widespread instance almost half republicans associated cancel culture democrats.doxing doxing involves researching broadcasting personally identifiable information individual often intention harming person.
Online shaming	information may include persons home address workplace school full name spouses credit card information phone number.bruce schneier lecturer fellow harvard kennedy school elaborated doxing happen individuals.companies sony ashley madison involved previously doxing schemes.negative reviews user generated review sites yelp google maps trip advisor used publicly shame punish businesses.revenge porn nonconsensual sharing sexually explicit material order humiliate person frequently distributed computer hackers expartners.images video sexual acts often combined doxing persons private details home addresses workplaces.
Online shaming	jurisdictions revenge porn criminal offense.social status shaming social status shaming form online shaming involves bullying others online due socioeconomic status.phenomenon centered around using someones income social status health influence subject certain types bullying online criticism.often utilized vessel social control among classes regarded one effective models examine social status influence controlling oneself.digital world live social standard people fall try mimic.
Online shaming	thus social status shaming form social exclusion someone isnt rich another person subjected form bullying criticism order retain social control poorer person.notable examples ashley madison data breach july group hacked user data ashley madison commercial dating website marketed helping people extramarital affairs.august million user account details including names email addresses released publicly.a variety security researchers internet privacy activists debated ethics release.clinical psychologists argued dealing affair particularly public way increases hurt spouses children.carolyn gregoire argued social media created aggressive culture public shaming individuals take upon inflict psychological damage often punishment goes beyond scope crime.charles j. orlando joined site conduct research concerning women cheat said felt users site anxious release sexually explicit messages would humiliate spouses children.
Online shaming	wrote alarming mob internet willing serve judge jury executioner members site dont deserve flogging virtual town square millions onlookers.tim hunt controversy nobel laureate sir tim hunt involved highly publicized controversy world conference science journalists wcsj seoul.lunch female journalists scientists hunt gave speech short notice later recounted unnamed eu officialits strange chauvinist monster like asked speak women scientists.let tell trouble girls.three things happen lab fall love fall love criticise cry.
Online shaming	perhaps make separate labs boys girls seriously im impressed economic development korea.women scientists played without doubt important role it.science needs women science despite obstacles despite monsters like me.in audience science journalists connie st louis deborah blum ivan oransky found hunts remarks highly inappropriate.decided publicize remarks twitter giving st louis task writing short text tweeted corroborated two.tweet cast remarks starkly sexist terms declared hunt utterly ruined luncheon gave indication joking.st louiss tweet went viral setting observer described particularly vicious social media campaign.
Online shaming	royal society quickly distanced hunts comments reported emphasized commitment equality sciences.ridicule sexist scientist online feminist magazine vagenda urged female scientists post mundane pictures work hashtag distractinglysexy.two days speech hunt gave bbc radio interview saying mean part trouble girls.true fallen love people lab people lab fallen love disruptive science.terribly important lab people level playing field.found emotional entanglements made life difficult.
Online shaming	mean im really really sorry caused offence – thats awful.certainly didnt mean – meant honest actually.hunt went say im sorry people took offense.certainly mean demean women rather honest shortcomings.numerous media outlets reported incident interview citing portions hunts original remarks criticizing sexist.editors nature called involved science condemn comments took seriously intended suggestion singlesex labs might preferable.
Online shaming	hunt felt made clear joking included phrase seriously statement.reconstruction words unnamed eu official corroborated inclusion words.resignations june hunt resigned position honorary professor university college londons faculty life sciences royal societys biological sciences awards committee.hunts wife immunologist mary collins told senior ucl hunt resign immediately sacked.consequently required step science committee european research council.jonathan dimbleby resigned honorary fellowship ucl protest treatment hunt.
Online shaming	also author journalist jeremy hornsby wrote university college london protest leaving £ worse off.wider reaction least nobel prizewinning scientists honorary fellows criticized treatment hunt following resignation.boris johnson mayor london richard dawkins evolutionary biologist expressed similar indignation.scientists hunts conobelist paul nurse critical hunts conduct said resignation warranted.imran khan chief executive british science association speaking bbc described hunts comments careless adding hard find sir tims comments funny youve held back systemic bias years – whether remarks intended joke not.in letter times group staff scientists students postdoctoral fellows male female worked hunt wrote support character.described help instrumental advancement many women men science beyond lab actively encouraged interest science schoolchildren young scientists arranging work experience summer students genders get first taste research lab.
Online shaming	urged erc ucl reconsider rush judgment.hunt scheduled appear later june lindau meeting decided presence would distraction rest panel.case discussed however panel science communication possible example communications overkill.paul nurse head royal society shared nobel prize medicine hunt stressing esteem hunt person originally stated hunt said stupid things cannot supported condemned affair bad science royal society particular adding discussion become totally polarized extreme views sides.later statement nurse described response hunts comments twitter media storm completely proportion adding never sacked university college london.for part hunt distanced controversy commenting turned straw man one lot loves love lot loves hate take sides hurled utterly vile abuse everyone.shirtstorm controversy november giving televised status update rosetta space craft matt taylor wore shirt depicting scantilyclad cartoon women firearms made friend female artist.taylors decision wear shirt press conference drew criticism number commentators saw reflection culture women unwelcome scientific fields see gender inequality.
Online shaming	others including boris johnson julie bindel tim stanley made arguments criticism.woman made shirt taylor birthday present stated expect shirt attract level attention did.taylor later made public apology saying shirt wore week – made big mistake offended many people.im sorry this.writers expressed appreciation taylors apology.
Online shaming	campaign set crowdfund website indiegogo objective raising buy taylor gift token publics appreciation work team done.campaign raised total donated unawe taylors request remainder going towards plaque commemorating mission.hypatia transracialism controversy feminist philosophy journal hypatia became involved dispute april led online shaming one authors.journal published article transracialism rebecca tuvel assistant professor philosophy comparing situation caitlyn jenner trans woman rachel dolezal white woman identifies black.article criticized facebook twitter source epistemic violence author became subject personal attacks.
Online shaming	academics associated hypatia joined criticism.member journals editorial board became point contact open letter demanding article retracted journals board associate editors issued unauthorized apology saying article never published.rogers brubaker described episode new york times example internet shaming.goblin valley rocktoppling incident october delicately balanced hoodoo goblin valley state park intentionally knocked boy scout leaders camping area.david benjamin hall captured video shouted encouragement glenn tuck taylor toppled formation.
Online shaming	posted video facebook whereupon viewed thousands two men began receiving death threats.claim hoodoo appeared unstable vandalized concern passersby rejected fred hayes director utah division state parks recreation.hall taylor expelled boy scouts charged thirddegree felonies ultimately pleading guilty lesser charges misdemeanor criminal mischief.dog poop girl south korea bloggers targeted woman refused clean dog defecated floor seoul subway car labeling dog poop girl rough translation korean 개똥녀 english.another commuter taken photograph woman dog posted popular south korean website.
Online shaming	within days identified internet vigilantes much personal information leaked onto internet attempt punish offense.story received mainstream attention widely reported south korean media.public humiliation led woman drop university according reports.the reaction south korean public incident prompted several newspapers south korea run editorials voicing concern internet vigilantism.one paper quoted daniel solove saying woman victim cyberposse tracking norm violators branding digital scarlet letters.another called internet witchhunt went say internet turning whole society kangaroo court.
Online shaming	cooks source incident food magazine cooks source printed article monica gaudio without permission october issue.learning copyright violation gaudio emailed judith griggs managing editor cooks source magazine requesting magazine apologize also donate columbia school journalism payment using work.instead received unapologetic letter stating griggs thanked making piece better gaudio glad didnt give someone else credit writing article.ensuing public outcry online vigilantes took upon avenge gaudio.cooks source facebook page flooded thousands contemptuous comments forcing magazines staff create new pages attempt escape protest accuse hackers taking control original page.
2019 Balakot airstrike	magazines website stripped content staff shut week later.see also references external links hate crimes cyberspace – danielle keats citronthe outrage machine short documentary retro report looks origin internet shaming feels like caught case online shaming gone viral.cyberbullying reports online community dedicated exposing cyberbullying.open source satellites imagery suggested targets consequence hit.following day pakistan shot indian warplane taking pilot prisoner indian antiaircraft fire downed indian helicopter killing six seven airmen board deaths remaining unreported indian media long afterwards.india claimed pakistani f fighter jet downed claim debunked.airstrike used indias ruling party bolster patriotic appeal general elections april .the airstrike conducted india early morning hours february indian warplanes crossed de facto border disputed region kashmir dropped bombs vicinity town balakot khyber pakhtunkhwa province pakistan.pakistans military first announce airstrike morning february described indian planes dropping payload uninhabited wooded hilltop area near balakot.india confirming airstrike later day characterized preemptive strike directed terrorist training camp causing deaths large number terrorists.
2019 Balakot airstrike	analysis opensource satellite imagery atlantic councils digital forensics laboratory san franciscobased planet labs european space imaging australian strategic policy institute concluded india hit targets significance jaba hilltop site vicinity balakot.the following day february titfortat airstrike pakistan retaliated causing indian warplane shot pilot taken prisoner pakistan military returned march.indian mi helicopter brought friendly fire six airmen board killed acknowledged india october .airstrikes first time since indiapakistan war warplanes either country crossed line control also since states become nuclear powers.on april days airstrike international journalists taken jaba hilltop tightly controlled trip arranged pakistani government found largest building site show evidence damage recent rebuilding.background kashmir insurgency occurring since new wave violence witnessed burhan wani commander hizbul mujahideen killed encounter.people including civilians soldiers militants killed violence.
2019 Balakot airstrike	february convoy vehicles carrying security personnel jammu srinagar national highway attacked vehicleborne suicide bomber lethpora pulwama district jammu kashmir india.attack resulted deaths central reserve police force personnel attacker.perpetrator attack indianadministered kashmir.responsibility attack claimed pakistanbased islamist militant group jaishemohammed.pakistan condemned attack denied connection it.the airstrike occurred ahead indian general election.
2019 Balakot airstrike	february pakistans pm attributed indian governments desire attack pakistan upcoming election.indian government rejected allegation.incident february pakistan announced intrusion indian aircraft airspace asserted indian fleet intercepted causing retreat release bombs hit open area dump fuel.press briefing pakistans directorgeneral interservices public relations ispr major general asif ghafoor stated three iaf teams spotted approaching pakistan border various sectors early hours february.added two teams cross border following challenge pakistani aircraft flying combat air patrol third one crossed line control kiran valley near muzaffarabad intercepted pakistani air force paf jets within three minutes incursion.
2019 Balakot airstrike	pervez khattak pakistani defence minister stated pakistani air force retaliate time could gauge extent damage.later february india confirmed airstrike stating indian air force conducted retaliation pulwama attack.strikes subsequently claimed nonmilitary preemptive nature targeting jaishemohammed facility within pakistan.the airstrike first time since indopakistani war attacking warplanes crossed line control.indian media claimed confirmed official sources twelve mirage jets involved operation.indian express reported mirage carrying spice popeye precisionguided munitions supported four sukhoi sumki netra phalcon airborne early warning control aircraft iai heron uav two ilyushin il aerial refuelling aircraft.furthermore indian officials claim four sumkis launched south punjab base headed towards jodhpur barmer rajasthan turning west towards jaishemohammed headquarters pakistan located populous town bahawalpur.four aircraft tasked decoys successfully drew paf fighters way south main attack force.after releasing bombs jets returned indian airspace unharmed indian media claimed whilst pakistan scrambled f jets could engage indian planes.
2019 Balakot airstrike	retired paf air marshall masood akhtar opined air forces countries may instructed attack avoid escalation conflict.target ambiguity among sources exact target whether madrassa – taleem ulquran run masood azhars brotherinlaw muhammad yusuf azhar active jem camp not.according wikileaks united states department defence interrogation report stated balakot training camp offers basic advanced terrorist training explosives artillery.contrast military analysts asserted whilst area used host militant camps dispersed pakistan earthquake avoid detection international aid groups providing relief area.indian intelligence sources claim camp located hilltop forest km mi balakot resortstyle facility space room – militants including swimming pool cooks cleaners.new york times mentioned western security officials doubted existence largescale training camps asserting pakistan longer runs militant groups spread small groups around country.the local people varied purpose facility.immediate aftermath strikes whilst claimed active jaish training camp others asserted mere school local children militant camps used exist far earlier.
2019 Balakot airstrike	later visits reuters locals claimed school shut year back longer operational.damage neutral sources asserted munitions dropped indian warplanes appeared hit several trees wooded area caused damage casualties area attack took place.western diplomats also stated believe indian air force hit militant camp.western security officials cast doubt indian claims asserted longer large scale militant camps pakistan.india asserted large number jem terrorists trainers senior commanders groups jihadis preparing launching another suicide attack targeting indian assets killed.indian media reported camp leveled – jem militants killed though exact figures varied across mediahouses.
2019 Balakot airstrike	national technical research organisation located active mobile phones camp prior strike.contrast pakistan asserted casualties infrastructure damage result attack.villagers area spoke four bombs striking nearby forest field around damaging building injuring local man.journalists associated associated press visited area february saw craters damaged trees.villagers met reported casualties.team al jazeera visited site two days strikes noted splintered pine trees rocks strewn across four blast craters.
2019 Balakot airstrike	local hospital officials residents asserted come across casualty wounded people.reporters located facility school run jaishemohammed around kilometre east one bomb craters atop steep ridge unable access it.reporters reuters repeatedly denied access madrassa military citing security issues noted structure vicinity intact back.press wing pakistan military twice postponed scheduled visits site.however march interservices public relations ispr took journalists site strike took place.
2019 Balakot airstrike	around students present madrasa.journalists allowed interview students.also allowed take photos record videos site.satellite data assessments satellitedata analysis australian strategic policy institutes nathan ruser concluded apparent evidence extensive damage face validate indian claims regarding effect strikes.michael sheldon digital forensics analyst atlantic council another independent investigation issue asserted damage inflicted infrastructure around targetsite.
2019 Balakot airstrike	concluded something appeared gone wrong targeting process botchup mysterious light autonomous nature supposedly used missiles.reuters investigation based highresolution satellite imagery planet labs noted unchanged landscape compared april satellite photo.noted discernible holes roofs buildings signs scorching blownout walls displaced trees around madrasa signs aerial attack.even higher quality imagery taken worldview satellite later also analysed australian strategic policy institute showed three weapons missed similar identical distances suggesting misses caused systematic targeting error.european space imaging also provided highresolution image site strike took place.satellite imagery february day strike took place.
2019 Balakot airstrike	image showed buildings unharmed sign casualties site.managing director adrian zevenbergen claimed signs scorching large distinguishable holes buildings signs stress surrounding vegetation.indian officials claims contrast indian officials said analysis images synthetic aperture radar sar carried airborne platform showed four buildings destroyed release images.official stated sar images first day attack showed roofs building made corrugated galvanized iron cgi sheets missing repaired two days.according official presence new roofs made assessment technical intelligence difficult indian government decide release classified sar images.
2019 Balakot airstrike	indian air force showed reporters india today media houses highresolution satellite pictures possessed iaf according india today showed three holes roof one buildings.holes reported classic signature spice bomb strike.media reports reuters journalists prevented coming near site attack three times nine days pakistani security officials.business today india stated area around balakot cordoned pakistan army evidence dead bodies cleared area.praveen swami writing firstpost claimed indian intelligence estimated figure casualties five confirmed kills per burial records.
2019 Balakot airstrike	also noted jem rally khyberpakhtunkhwa february wherein masood azhars brother abdul rauf rasheed alvi mentioned indias attack headquarters vowed revenge.another piece state raw analysts estimated casualties including three pakistani army trainers based intercepted communications immediate.swami though noted lack witness testimony independently assess validity claims.usa state department acknowledged reports pakistan misusing fs although undersecretary state arms control international security affairs didnt mention concerns use fs shooting indian fighter jets since acknowledging formal state department transmission would clear violation congress approved terms selling fighters would trigger formal procedures reprimand islamabad trump administration wants repair bilateral diplomatic relations.multiple indian news sources including india today times india hindustan times swarajya deccan herald livemint ndtv reported former pakistani diplomat zafar hilaly allegedly admitting casualties following air strike based story shared asian news international ani republic tv.
2019 Balakot airstrike	alt news independent factchecker reported republic tv shared doctored video altering hilalys original speech stated air strike intended cause casualties kill anyone.following several sources including news ndtv times india published retraction reports.aftermath iaf put air defence systems alert along international border line control respond possible retaliation pakistan air force.pakistans foreign minister shah mahmood qureshi summoned emergency meeting islamabad pakistan discuss security situation asserted pakistan reserved right retaliate.prime minister pakistan imran khan convened emergency meeting review situation.end meeting national security council nsc released statement denying indian claims destruction terrorist camp described attack uncalled whilst adding retaliation would forthcoming joint parliamentary session.
2019 Balakot airstrike	also stated pakistan take international media area strikes delayed due adverse weather conditions.ani claimed released photos alleged jem camp weapons cache sourced intelligence sources.reactions india foreign diplomats united states united kingdom russia australia indonesia turkey china six asean nations briefed indian foreign secretary vijay gokhale strike conducted.arun jaitley indian cabinet minister finance stated two reasons pakistan denying effectiveness airstrike stating two plausible reasons.first pakistan army created big aura prowess among pakistanis want image dented.jaitley noted second reason important stated pakistan army admitted fighters bombed buildings first question raised would extent damage experts would come survey buildings asked people staying inside... pakistan would reveal names jaish fighters died there.
2019 Balakot airstrike	international australia noted condemnation pulwama attack asked pakistan crack terrorists operating soil.also asked india pakistan restrain actions would jeopardize peace.chinas foreign ministry spokesman lu kang stated hope india pakistan exercise restraint adopt actions help stabilize situation region improve mutual relations.france asked india pakistan exercise restraint saying supported indian actions terrorism asked pakistan stop allowing territory used terrorists.united states mike pompeo state secretary termed attack counterterrorism action reaffirmed usindia ties.
Munich massacre	asked sides show restraint.organisation islamic cooperation condemned airstrike called india pakistan show restraint.see also pulwama attackindopakistani wars conflictsindia–pakistan relationsmedia coverage india–pakistan standoffbattle balakot notes references external links india struck biggest training camp jem – full statement foreign secretary vijay gokhale hindu february .black september called operation iqrit biram two palestinian christian villages whose inhabitants expelled israel defense forces idf arabisraeli war.black september commander luttif afif also negotiator.west german neonazis gave group logistical assistance.shortly hostages taken afif demanded release palestinian prisoners israeli jails west german–held founders red army faction andreas baader ulrike meinhof.five eight black september members killed failed attempt rescue hostages killed.west german policeman also killed crossfire.
Munich massacre	west german government criticized poor execution rescue attempt overall handling incident.three surviving perpetrators adnan algashey jamal algashey mohammed safady arrested.next month however following hijacking lufthansa flight west german government released hostage exchange.israeli government launched operation wrath god authorised mossad track kill involved munich massacre.two days prior start summer olympics ceremony led brazilian israeli officials international olympic committee honored eleven israelis one german killed munich.summer olympics moment silence observed opening ceremony.
Munich massacre	prelude hostages taken second week summer olympics.west german olympic organizing committee hoped discard military image germany.committee wary image portrayed summer olympics nazi dictator adolf hitler used propaganda.security personnel known olys inconspicuous prepared deal mostly ticket fraud drunkenness.documentary film one day september claims security athletes village unfit games athletes could come go pleased.
Munich massacre	athletes could sneak past security go countries rooms going fencing encompassed village.the absence armed personnel worried israeli delegation head shmuel lalkin even team arrived munich.later interviews journalists serge groussard aaron j. klein lalkin said expressed concern relevant authorities teams lodgings.team housed relatively isolated part olympic village ground floor small building close gate lalkin felt made team particularly vulnerable outside assault.west german authorities apparently assured lalkin extra security would provided look israeli team lalkin doubts additional measures ever taken.olympic organizers asked west german forensic psychologist georg sieber create terrorism scenarios aid organizers planning security.situation accurately forecast armed palestinians invading israeli delegations quarters killing taking hostages demanding israels release prisoners plane leave west germany.
Munich massacre	organizers balked preparing situation scenarios since guarding games would gone goal carefree games without heavy security.accusation german foreknowledge attack german weekly news magazine der spiegel wrote west german authorities tipoff palestinian informant beirut three weeks massacre.informant told west germany palestinians planning incident olympic games foreign ministry bonn viewed tipoff seriously enough pass secret service munich urge possible security measures taken.but according der spiegel authorities failed act tip never acknowledged following years.magazine said part year coverup german authorities mishandling response massacre.hostagetaking monday evening september israeli athletes enjoyed night watching performance fiddler roof dining star play israeli actor shmuel rodensky returning olympic village.
Munich massacre	return trip team bus lalkin denied yearold son – befriended weightlifter yossef romano wrestler eliezer halfin — permission spend night apartment connollystraße may saved boys life.at local time september athletes slept eight tracksuitclad members black september faction palestine liberation organization carrying duffel bags loaded akm assault rifles tokarev pistols grenades scaled metre ⁄ ft chainlink fence assistance unsuspecting athletes also sneaking olympic village.athletes originally identified americans claimed canadians decades later.once inside group used stolen keys enter two apartments used israeli team connollystraße .yossef gutfreund wrestling referee awakened faint scratching noise door apartment housed israeli coaches officials.investigated saw door begin open masked men guns side.shouted warning sleeping roommates threw kg lb weight door futile attempt stop intruders forcing way in.
Munich massacre	gutfreunds actions gave roommate weightlifting coach tuvia sokolovsky enough time smash window escape.wrestling coach moshe weinberg fought intruders shot cheek forced help find hostages.leading intruders past apartment weinberg lied telling residents apartment israelis.instead weinberg led apartment gunmen corralled six wrestlers weightlifters additional hostages.possible weinberg hoped stronger men would better chance fighting attackers apartment surprised sleep.as athletes apartment marched back coaches apartment wounded weinberg attacked gunmen allowing one wrestlers gad tsobari escape via underground parking garage.weinberg knocked unconscious one intruders slashed another fruit knife failed draw blood shot death.weightlifter yossef romano veteran sixday war also attacked wounded one intruders shot killed.
Munich massacre	publication december new york times reported romano castrated shot.the gunmen left nine hostages.addition gutfreund sharpshooting coach kehat shorr track field coach amitzur shapira fencing master andre spitzer weightlifting judge yakov springer wrestlers eliezer halfin mark slavin weightlifters david berger zeev friedman.berger expatriate american dual citizenship slavin youngest hostages arrived israel soviet union four months olympic games began.gutfreund physically largest hostages bound chair groussard describes tied like mummy rest lined four apiece two beds springer shapiras room bound wrists ankles other.romanos bulletriddled corpse left bound comrades feet warning.
Munich massacre	several hostages beaten standoff suffering broken bones result.of members israels team racewalker shaul ladany jolted awake apartment gutfreunds screams.jumped secondstory balcony room fled american dormitory awakening u.s. track coach bill bowerman informing attack.ladany survivor bergenbelsen concentration camp first person spread alert.four residents apartment sharpshooters henry hershkowitz zelig shtroch fencers dan alon yehuda weisenstein plus chef de mission shmuel lalkin two team doctors hid eventually fled besieged building.two female members israels olympic team sprinter hurdler esther shahamorov swimmer shlomit nir housed separate part olympic village.
Munich massacre	three members israels olympic team two sailors manager housed kiel kilometres mi munich.the attackers reported palestinian terrorists refugee camps lebanon syria jordan.identified luttif afif using codename issa leader three issas brothers also reportedly members black september two israeli jails deputy yusuf nazzal tony junior members afif ahmed hamid paolo khalid jawad salah ahmed chic thaa abu halla mohammed safady badran adnan algashey denawi algasheys cousin jamal algashey samir.according author simon reeve afif son jewish mother christian father nazzal one confederates worked various capacities olympic village spent couple weeks scouting potential target.member uruguayan olympic delegation shared housing israelis claimed found nazzal inside connollystraße less hours attack since recognized worker village nothing thought time.members group entered munich via train plane days attack.members uruguay hong kong olympic teams also shared building israelis released unharmed attack.
Munich massacre	international reaction september golda meir prime minister israel appealed countries save citizens condemn unspeakable criminal acts committed.also stated israel give israeli anywhere world shall feel life safe ... blackmail worst kind.king hussein jordan leader arab country denounce attack publicly called savage crime civilization ... perpetrated sick minds.u.s.president richard nixon privately discussed number possible american responses declaring national day mourning favored secretary state william p. rogers nixon fly athletes funerals.nixon u.s national security advisor henry kissinger decided instead press united nations take steps international terrorism.negotiations hostagetakers demanded release palestinians nonarabs jailed israel along two west german insurgents held west german penitentiary system andreas baader ulrike meinhof founders west german red army faction.
Munich massacre	hostagetakers threw body weinberg front door residence demonstrate resolve.israels response immediate absolute would negotiation.israels official policy time refuse negotiate terrorists circumstances according israeli government negotiations would give incentive future attacks.it claimed german authorities leadership chancellor willy brandt minister interior hansdietrich genscher rejected israels offer send israeli special forces unit west germany.bavarian interior minister bruno merk headed crisis centre jointly genscher munichs police chief manfred schreiber denies israeli offer ever existed.according journalist john k. cooley hostage situation presented extremely difficult political situation germans hostages jewish.cooley reported germans offered palestinians unlimited amount money release athletes well substitution highranking germans.
Munich massacre	however kidnappers refused offers.along essen chief detective anneliese graes munich police chief manfred schreiber bruno merk interior minister bavaria negotiated directly kidnappers repeating offer unlimited amount money.according cooley reply money means nothing us lives mean nothing us.magdi gohary mohammad khadif egyptian advisers arab league a.d. touny egyptian member international olympic committee ioc also helped try win concessions kidnappers avail.however negotiators apparently able convince terrorists demands considered issa granted total five deadline extensions.elsewhere village athletes carried normal seemingly oblivious events unfolding nearby.
Munich massacre	games continued mounting pressure ioc forced suspension hours first athlete murdered.united states marathon runner frank shorter observing unfolding events balcony nearby lodging quoted saying imagine poor guys there.every five minutes psycho machine gun says lets kill em someone else says lets wait while.long could stand thatat pm squad west german police officers dispatched olympic village.dressed olympic sweatsuits also wearing stahlhelme carrying walther mp submachine guns members german border police although according former munich policeman heinz hohensinn regular munich police officers experience combat hostage rescue.
Munich massacre	plan crawl ventilation shafts kill terrorists.police took positions awaiting codeword sunshine upon hearing begin assault.meantime camera crews filmed actions officers german apartments broadcast images live television.thus terrorists able watch police prepare attack.footage shows one kidnappers peering balcony door one police officers stood roof less ft him.
Munich massacre	end issa threatened kill two hostages police retreated premises.at one point crisis negotiators demanded direct contact hostages satisfy israelis still alive.fencing coach andre spitzer spoke fluent german shooting coach kehat shorr senior member israeli delegation brief conversation west german officials standing secondfloor window besieged building two kidnappers holding guns them.spitzer attempted answer question clubbed butt ak full view international television cameras pulled away window.minutes later hansdietrich genscher walter tröger mayor olympic village briefly allowed apartments speak hostages.tröger spoke moved dignity israelis held seemed resigned fate.tröger noticed several hostages especially gutfreund showed signs suffered physical abuse hands kidnappers david berger shot left shoulder.
Munich massacre	debriefed crisis team genscher tröger told seen four five attackers inside apartment.fatefully numbers accepted definitive.genscher tröger talking hostages kehat shorr told west germans israelis would object flown arab country provided strict guarantees safety made germans whichever nation landed in.pm munich time palestinians issued new dictate demanding transportation cairo.failed rescue ambush plan authorities feigned agreement cairo demand although egyptian prime minister aziz sedki already told west german authorities egyptians wish become involved hostage crisis.two bell uh military helicopters transport terrorists hostages nearby fürstenfeldbruck nato airbase.
Munich massacre	initially perpetrators plan go riem international airport near munich time negotiators convinced fürstenfeldbruck would practical.authorities preceded black septemberists hostages third helicopter ulterior motive planned armed assault airport.realizing palestinians israelis walk metres underground garages reach helicopters west german police saw another opportunity ambush perpetrators placed sharpshooters there.issa insisted checking route first.palestinians walked pointing aks schreiber tröger genscher.time police snipers lying behind cars sidestreets approached latter crawled away making noise process.
Munich massacre	thus terrorists immediately alerted dangerous presence decided use bus instead walking.bus arrived pm drove contingent helicopters.issa checked flashlight boarding groups.five west german policemen deployed around airport sniper roles—three roof control tower one hidden behind service truck one behind small signal tower ground level.however none special sniper training special weapon equipped hk g ordinary battle rifle german armed forces without optics night vision devices.officers selected shot competitively weekends.
Munich massacre	subsequent german investigation officer identified sniper no.stated opinion sharpshooter.the members crisis team—schreiber genscher merk schreibers deputy georg wolf—supervised observed attempted rescue airport control tower.cooley reeve groussard place mossad chief zvi zamir victor cohen one zamirs senior assistants scene well observers only.zamir stated repeatedly interviews years never consulted germans time rescue attempt thought presence actually made germans uncomfortable.a boeing jet positioned tarmac sixteen west german police inside dressed flight crew.agreed issa tony would inspect plane.
Munich massacre	plan west germans would overpower boarded giving snipers chance kill remaining terrorists helicopters.believed number two three according genscher tröger seen inside connollystraße.however transfer bus helicopters crisis team discovered actually eight them.failure last minute helicopters arriving fürstenfeldbruck west german police aboard airplane voted abandon mission without consulting central command.left five sharpshooters try overpower larger heavily armed group.
Munich massacre	point colonel ulrich wegener genschers senior aide later founder elite german counterterrorist unit gsg said im sure blow whole affair.the helicopters landed pm four pilots six kidnappers emerged.four black september members held pilots gunpoint breaking earlier promise would take germans hostage issa tony walked inspect jet find empty.realizing lured trap sprinted back toward helicopters.ran past control tower sniper took one last opportunity eliminate issa would left group leaderless.however due poor lighting struggled see target missed hitting tony thigh instead.
Munich massacre	meanwhile west german authorities gave order snipers positioned nearby open fire occurred around pm.in ensuing chaos ahmed chic thaa afif ahmed hamid two kidnappers holding helicopter pilots killed remaining gunmen—some possibly already wounded—scrambled safety returning fire behind beneath helicopters snipers line sight shooting many airport lights.west german policeman control tower anton fliegerbauer killed gunfire.helicopter pilots fled hostages tied inside craft could not.gun battle hostages secretly worked loosening bonds teethmarks found ropes gunfire ended.massacre west germans arranged armored personnel carriers ahead time point called break deadlock.
Munich massacre	since roads airport cleared carriers became stuck traffic finally arrived around midnight.appearance kidnappers felt shift status quo possibly panicked thought failure operation.at four minutes past midnight september one terrorists likely issa turned hostages eastern helicopter fired kalashnikov assault rifle pointblank range.springer halfin friedman killed instantly berger shot twice leg believed survived initial onslaught autopsy later found died smoke inhalation.attacker pulled pin hand grenade tossed cockpit ensuing explosion destroyed helicopter incinerated bound israelis inside.issa dashed across tarmac began firing police killed return fire.another khalid jawad attempted escape gunned one snipers.
Munich massacre	happened remaining hostages still matter dispute.german police investigation indicated one snipers hostages may shot inadvertently police.however time magazine reconstruction longsuppressed bavarian prosecutors report indicates third kidnapper reeve identifies adnan algashey stood door western helicopter raked remaining five hostages machine gun fire gutfreund shorr slavin spitzer shapira shot average four times each.of four hostages eastern helicopter zeev friedmans body relatively intact blown clear helicopter explosion.cases exact cause death hostages eastern helicopter difficult establish rest corpses burned almost beyond recognition explosion subsequent fire.three remaining terrorists lay ground one feigning death captured police.jamal algashey shot right wrist mohammed safady sustained flesh wound leg.
Munich massacre	adnan algashey escaped injury completely.yusuf nazzal tony escaped scene tracked police dogs minutes later airbase parking lot.cornered bombarded tear gas shot dead brief gunfight.around september battle over.outcome initial news reports published world indicated hostages alive attackers killed.
Munich massacre	later representative international olympic committee ioc suggest initial reports overly optimistic.jim mckay covering olympics year american broadcasting company abc taken job reporting events roone arledge fed earpiece.mckay received official confirmationwe got final word ... know kid father used say greatest hopes worst fears seldom realized.worst fears realized tonight.theyve said eleven hostages.
Munich massacre	two killed rooms yesterday morning nine killed airport tonight.theyre gone.several sources listed ladany killed.ladany recalled laterthe impact hit time munich.arrived back israel.airport lod huge crowd—maybe people—and one us survivors stood one coffins runway.
Munich massacre	friends came tried kiss hug almost ghost came back alive.really grasped happened emotion hit me.criticism author simon reeve among others writes shootout welltrained black september members showed egregious lack preparation part german authorities.prepared deal sort situation.costly lesson led directly founding less two months later police counterterrorism branch gsg .
Munich massacre	german authorities made number mistakes.first restrictions postwar west german constitution army could participate attempted rescue german armed forces allowed operate inside germany peacetime.responsibility entirely hands munich police bavarian authorities.it known halfhour hostages kidnappers even arrived fürstenfeldbruck number latter larger first believed.despite new information schreiber decided continue rescue operation originally planned new information could reach snipers since radios.it basic tenet sniping operations enough snipers least two known target case minimum ten deployed neutralize many attackers possible first volley shots.national geographic channels seconds disaster profile massacre stated helicopters supposed land sideways west control tower maneuver would allowed snipers clear shots kidnappers threw open helicopter doors.
Munich massacre	instead helicopters landed facing control tower centre airstrip.gave place hide gunfight began put snipers line fire three snipers control tower.snipers denied valuable shooting opportunities result positioning helicopters stacking odds effectively three snipers versus eight heavily armed gunmen.according program crisis committee delegated make decisions deal incident consisted bruno merk bavarian interior minister hansdietrich genscher west german interior minister manfred schreiber munichs chief police words two politicians one tactician.program mentioned year games schreiber participated another hostage crisis failed bank robbery ordered marksman shoot one perpetrators managing wound robber.result robbers shot innocent woman dead.
Munich massacre	schreiber consequently charged involuntary manslaughter.investigation ultimately cleared wrongdoing program suggested prior incident affected judgment subsequent olympic hostage crisis.as mentioned earlier five german snipers fürstenfeldbruck radio contact one another german authorities conducting rescue operation therefore unable coordinate fire.contact snipers operational leadership georg wolf lying next three snipers control tower giving orders directly them.two snipers ground level given vague instructions shoot snipers began shooting basically left fend themselves.in addition snipers proper equipment hostage rescue operation.heckler koch g battle rifles used considered several experts inadequate distance snipers trying shoot.
Munich massacre	g standard service rifle bundeswehr time millimetre barrel distances snipers required shoot millimetre barrel would ensured far greater accuracy.none rifles equipped telescopic infrared sights.additionally none snipers equipped steel helmet bulletproof vest.armored vehicles scene fürstenfeldbruck called gunfight well underway.there also numerous tactical errors.mentioned earlier sniper stationed behind signal tower wound directly line fire fellow snipers control tower without protective gear without police aware location.
Munich massacre	sniper didnt fire single shot late gunfight hostagetaker khalid jawad attempted escape foot ran right exposed sniper.sniper killed fleeing perpetrator turn badly wounded fellow police officer unaware shooting one men.one helicopter pilots gunnar ebel lying near sniper also wounded friendly fire.ebel sniper recovered injuries.many errors made germans rescue attempt ultimately detailed heinz hohensinn participated operation sunshine earlier day.stated one day september selected pose crew member.
Munich massacre	fellow policemen understood suicide mission group unanimously voted flee plane.none reprimanded desertion.aftermath bodies five palestinian attackers—afif nazzal chic thaa hamid jawad—killed fürstenfeldbruck gun battle delivered libya received heroes funerals buried full military honours.september israeli planes bombed ten plo bases syria lebanon response massacre killing reported militants civilians.the three surviving black september gunmen arrested fürstenfeldbruck gunfight held munich prison trial.october lufthansa flight hijacked threatened blown munich attackers released.
Munich massacre	safady algasheys immediately released west germany receiving tumultuous welcome touched libya seen one day september giving firsthand account operation press conference broadcast worldwide.further international investigations lufthansa flight incident produced theories secret agreement german government black september release surviving terrorists exchange assurances attacks germany.effect games wake hostagetaking competition suspended hours first time modern olympic history public criticism olympic committees decision continue games.september memorial service attended spectators athletes held olympic stadium.ioc president avery brundage made little reference murdered athletes speech praising strength olympic movement equating attack israeli sportsmen recent arguments encroaching professionalism disallowing rhodesias participation games outraged many listeners.victims families represented andre spitzers widow ankie moshe weinbergs mother cousin weinberg carmel eliash.
Munich massacre	memorial service eliash collapsed died heart attack.many people filled olympic stadium west germanys football match hungary carried noisemakers waved flags several spectators unfurled banner reading dead already forgotten security officers removed sign expelled responsible grounds.memorial service olympic flag flown halfstaff along flags competing nations request willy brandt.ten arab nations objected flags flying halfstaff mandate rescinded.willi daume president munich organizing committee initially sought cancel remainder games afternoon brundage others wished continue games prevailed stating could let incident halt games.brundage stated games must go must ... must continue efforts keep clean pure honest.decision endorsed israeli government israeli olympic team chef de mission shmuel lalkin.on september memorial service remaining members israeli team withdrew games left munich.
Munich massacre	jewish sportsmen placed guard.mark spitz american swimming star already completed competitions left munich hostage crisis feared prominent jew spitz might kidnapping target.egyptian team left games september stating feared reprisals.philippine algerian teams also left games members dutch norwegian teams.american marathon runner kenny moore wrote incident sports illustrated quoted dutch distance runner jos hermens saying quite simple.
Munich massacre	invited party someone comes party shoots people stay many athletes dazed tragedy similarly felt desire compete destroyed although stayed games.four years later summer olympics montreal israeli team commemorated massacre entered stadium opening ceremony national flag adorned black ribbon.the families victims asked ioc establish permanent memorial athletes.ioc declined saying introduce specific reference victims could alienate members olympic community according bbc.alex gilady israeli ioc official told bbc must consider could members delegations hostile israel.the ioc rejected international campaign support minute silence opening ceremony london olympics honour israeli victims th anniversary massacre.jacques rogge ioc president said would inappropriate although opening ceremony included memorium victims july london bombings.speaking decision olympian shaul ladany survived attack commented understand.
Munich massacre	understand accept it.in international olympic committee agreed contribute towards memorial murdered israeli athletes.years ioc commemorated victims munich massacre first time rio olympic village august .there memorial outside olympic stadium munich form stone tablet bridge linking stadium former olympic village.memorial tablet slain israelis outside front door former lodging connollystraße.october almost year sydney games memorial plaque unveiled one large light towers tower outside sydney olympic stadium.in summer olympics moment silence observed opening ceremony.first time history happens opening ceremony.
Munich massacre	israeli response golda meir israeli defense committee secretly authorized mossad track kill allegedly responsible munich massacre.accusation motivated desire vengeance disputed zvi zamir described mission putting end type terror perpetrated europe.end mossad set number special teams locate kill fedayeen aided agencys stations europe.in february interview zamir answered direct questionswas element vengeance decision take action terroristsno.engaged vengeance.accused guided desire vengeance.
Munich massacre	nonsense.concretely prevent future.acted thought would continue perpetrate acts terror.saying involved munich marked death.definitely deserved die.
Munich massacre	dealing past concentrated future.did receive directive golda meir along lines take revenge responsible munichgolda meir abhorred necessity imposed us carry operations.golda never told take revenge responsible munich.one told that.the israeli mission later became known operation wrath god mivtza zaam hael.reeve quotes general aharon yariv—who writes general overseer operation—as stating munich israeli government felt alternative exact justice.we choice.make stop way ... proud it.
Munich massacre	question sheer necessity.went back old biblical rule eye eye ... approach problems moral point view hard may sound costbenefit point view.im hardheaded say political benefit killing person bring us nearer peace bring us nearer understanding palestinians cases dont think will.case black september choice worked.morally acceptable one debate question.
Munich massacre	politically vital was.benny morris writes target list created using information turned plo personnel friendly european intelligence services.completed wave assassinations suspected black september operatives began across europe.april israel launched operation spring youth joint mossad–idf operation beirut.targets mohammad yusuf alnajjar abu yusuf head fatahs intelligence arm ran black september according morris kamal adwan headed plos western sector controlled plo action inside israel kamal nassir plo spokesman.group sayeret commandos taken nine missile boats small fleet patrol boats deserted lebanese beach driving two cars downtown beirut killed najjar adwan nassir.
Munich massacre	two detachments commandos blew pflps headquarters beirut fatah explosives plant.leader commando team conducted operations ehud barak.on july lillehammer affair team mossad agents mistakenly killed ahmed bouchiki moroccan man unrelated munich attack lillehammer norway informant mistakenly said bouchiki ali hassan salameh head force black september operative.five mossad agents including two women captured norwegian authorities others managed slip away.five convicted killing imprisoned released returned israel .mossad later found ali hassan salameh beirut killed january remotecontrolled car bomb.
Munich massacre	attack killed four passersby injured others.according cia officer duane dewey claridge chief operations cia near east division mid salameh offered americans assistance protection arafats blessings american embassy pullout beirut downspiraling chaos lebanese civil war.general feeling americans could trusted.however scene cooperation came end abruptly assassination salameh.americans generally blamed israels principal benefactors.simon reeve writes israeli operations continued twenty years.

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