title stringlengths 1 105 | content stringlengths 5 58.1k |
|---|---|
Elvis Presley | elvis camp opposite genuine cultural force.... elvis breakthroughs underappreciated rockandroll age hardrocking music sultry style triumphed completely.presleys achievements failings well seen cultural observers adding power legacy description greil marcuselvis presley supreme figure american life one whose presence matter banal predictable brooks real comparisons.... cultural range music expanded point includes hits day also patriotic recitals pure country gospel really dirty blues.... elvis emerged great artist great rocker great purveyor schlock great heart throb great bore great symbol potency great ham great nice person yes great american. |
Elvis Presley | achievements presley remains bestselling solo music artist according guinness world records sales estimated million.presley holds records songs charting billboards top ——and top according chart statistician joel whitburn according presley historian adam victor.presleys rankings top ten numberone hits vary depending doublesided hound dogdont cruel donti beg singles precede inception billboards unified hot chart analyzed.according whitburns analysis presley holds record tying madonna per billboards current assessment ranks second .whitburn billboard concur beatles hold record numberone hits mariah carey second .whitburn presley also thus tied second billboard third . |
Elvis Presley | presley retains record cumulative weeks number one alone according whitburn rock roll hall fame tied carey according billboard.holds records british numberone hits top ten hits .as album artist presley credited billboard record albums charting billboard far ahead secondplace frank sinatras .also holds record time spent number one billboard weeks.two albums setting presleys vocals music royal philharmonic orchestra dream wonder reached number one united kingdom.gave new record numberone uk albums solo artist extended record longest span numberone albums anybody—presley first topped british chart selftitled debut.as recording industry association america riaa credits presley . |
Elvis Presley | million certified album sales u.s. third time behind beatles garth brooks.holds records gold albums nearly twice many secondplace barbra streisands platinum albums .multiplatinum albums second behind beatles .total album certification awards including one diamond award far outpaces beatles secondbest .thirdmost gold singles behind drake taylor swift eighthmost platinum singles .in spider paradonea presleyi named honor. |
Elvis Presley | president donald trump awarded presley presidential medal freedom posthumously.bands presley worked many bands studio musicians course career.following list timeline prominent musicians worked presley lifetime.discography vast number recordings issued presleys name.total number original master recordings variously calculated . |
Elvis Presley | career began successful era singles primary commercial medium pop music.case albums distinction official studio records forms often blurred.recording career focused soundtrack albums.heavily promoted bestselling lp releases tended concert albums.filmography films starredtv concert specialselvis aloha hawaii via satellite elvis concert see also explanatory notes citations general sources reading external links |
Memories of Murder | loosely based true story koreas first confirmed serial murders took place hwaseong gyeonggi province.song kangho kim sangkyung star detective park detective seo respectively two detectives trying solve crimes.the film second feature film directed bong following debut film barking dogs never bite.screenplay adapted bong shim sungbo kim kwangrims stage play come see subject.film earned critical acclaim tone cinematography editing score songs performance bongs direction screenplay.film received thirty awards nominations considered many one best south korean films ever made. |
Memories of Murder | plot october two women found raped murdered outskirts small town.local detective park dooman dealt serious case overwhelmed—evidence improperly collected polices investigative methods suspect forensic technology near nonexistent.park claims way determining suspects eye contact.decides first question scarred mentally handicapped boy baek kwangho used follow one victims around town.park uses eye contact method thinking baek responsible partner cho beat confessions baek.seo taeyoon detective seoul volunteers assist them. |
Memories of Murder | however parks methods clash.seo deems baeks hands weak scarred able commit elaborate crime clearing name.murders committed realize killer waits rainy night kills women wearing red.officer kwon kwiok realizes local radio station always requested play particular song nights murders committed.at latest crime scene park cho seo arrive investigate different ways local man masturbates womans red lingerie.park cho apprehend man brutally beating him. |
Memories of Murder | seo finds survivor killer kwons help.upon learning killers hands noticeably soft seo clears man hands rough.infuriated lost suspect park scuffles seo kwon alerts song radio playing.realize raining arrive late finding another woman murdered.park seo cho finally decide work together.upon autopsy latest victim discover pieces peach body. |
Memories of Murder | clues lead factory worker park hyeongyu.seo notes hands soft like survivor described.hyeongyu begins show discomfort seo presents peaches think theyve found killer.cho loses control beats hyeongyu prompting superior ban interrogation room.park seo listen baeks earlier confession. |
Memories of Murder | seo points talks someone else realize knew details murder witnessed it.go baeks fathers restaurant discover drunken cho there.people watch news ridicule police officers beats everyone baek joins fray swinging wooden board chos leg accidentally piercing rusty nail.park seo chase baek question gets frightened runs path oncoming train struck killed.park learns chos leg amputated nail caused tetanus leaving feeling guilty.discover semen one bodies koreas lack dna analysis technology sample sent united states confirm suspect hyeongyu killer. |
Memories of Murder | night young girl killed.crime scene seo recognizes girl schoolgirl befriended investigating.enraged attacks hyeongyu interrupted park bringing results america.sample match hyeongyus dna park lets hyeongyu go.in crimes remain unsolved park father businessman.happens pass first crime scene decides visit learning little girl scene recently visited unknown man said reminiscing something done long time ago. |
Memories of Murder | park asks girl looked like tells normal face someone looked ordinary.film ends park looks straight camera seemingly trying spot killer amongst audience using eye contact method.cast song kangho park dooman detective charge solving murderskim sangkyung seo taeyoon younger much professional detective seoul volunteers help parkkim roiha cho yongkoo parks partner beats suspectssong jaeho sergeant shin dongchul detectives superior takes partway investigationbyun heebong sergeant koo heebong detectives superior first part investigationgo seohee officer kwon kwiok female police officer works detectives solve caseryu taeho jo byeongsun second prime suspect discovered masturbating crime scenepark noshik baek kwangho initial prime suspect intellectually disabled man used follow one victimspark haeil park hyeongyu third prime suspect factory office worker soft handsjeon miseon kwok seolyung park doomans girlfriendyeom hyeran sohyeons mother production development september bong announced start filming press conference held kumho museum art.conference bong addressed difficulties shooting film saying even though avoided location incident hwaseong filming done carefully since family victims real cases still alive.interview south korean newspaper hankook ilbo august regarding motivation making film replied fan detective fiction aimed depict horror yet revealed emotions evoked clash unmatching concepts scenic landscapes grotesque corpses along limitation times. |
Memories of Murder | conflict framework elements investigation usage fm radio borrowed play come see scenario written based real case reports incident well personal interviews detective involved case.film also aimed reflect personal reflections domestic failure previous work barking dogs never bite described enumeration personal interests.filming filming took place jangseong county south jeolla province reed field scene filmed haenam county south jeolla province cinematography kim hyungkoo.tunnel scenes filmed jukbong tunnel located jinju.music production team initially contacted lot famous japanese composers joe hisaishi yet tried find right music would overwhelm film later found taro iwashiro. |
Memories of Murder | bong iwashiro met two occasions exchange ideas hour meetings japan south korea respectively.initially demo tapes sent bong modifications response bongs requests.reflect blank spaces intentionally laid screens frames film well missing information time music composed almost connected yet almost disconnected rhythms.style music also required realistic contain themes memory times murder.reception within year debut memories murder received cult film. |
Memories of Murder | later decade praised numerous international publications referred one greatest films one best crime films ever made one best south korean films time.review aggregator website rotten tomatoes film approval rating based reviews average rating .. sites critics consensus reads memories murder blends familiar crime genre social satire comedy capturing alltoo human desperation key characters.metacritic film weighted average score based critics indicating universal acclaim.film south korean film industrys grand bell award best film bong joonho song kangho awards best director best leading actor respectively.according lathifah indah cultura.id memories murder arguably one bong joonhos best movies watch.deeson thompson washington post called film exciting derek elley variety called powerful slowburning portrait human fallibility.by end films domestic run seen people making watched film year south korea.eventually outgained silmido released year silmidos audience see . |
Memories of Murder | end films run memories murder also fourth viewed film time country shiri friend joint security area.commercial success film credited saving one production companies sidus pictures bankruptcy.memories murder received screenings several international film festivals including new zealand international film festival south western international film festival cannes film festival hawaii international film festival london international film festival tokyo international film festival san sebastian international film festival bong joonho best director award.director quentin tarantino named along bongs host one top favorite movies since .also chosen best korean film century.sight sound included list key films defined decade.slant magazines list best films aughts.in film comment listed top films decade based international poll various cinephiles including filmmakers critics academics. |
Memories of Murder | two films directed bong joonho included list – host memories murder .d release distributor neon acquired rights restore memories murder.film came bluray april distributed criterion collection.real life case total body count never mentioned film least similar murders committed hwaseong area october april .killing spree became known hwaseong serial murders.some details murders presented movie killers gagging women underwear taken case.film crime scenes investigators found bodily fluids suspected belong murderer access equipment determine whether dna matched suspect dna late investigations. |
Memories of Murder | ninth murder dna evidence sent japan unlike film sent america analysis results match suspects.at time films release actual murderer yet caught.case growing close reaching statute limitations south koreas leading uri party sought amend law give prosecutors time find murderer.however statute limitations reached lastknown victim.more years later september police announced man lee choonjae identified suspect killings.identified dna underwear one victim matched subsequent dna testing linked four unsolved serial murders.time identified already serving life sentence prison busan rape murder sisterinlaw.lee initially denied involvement serial murders october police announced confessed killing people including serial murders. |
Memories of Murder | two additional four murders happened suwon two happened cheongju october details victims released investigation ongoing.addition murders lee also confessed rapes attempted rapes.after lees arrest bong joonho commented made film curious also thought lot murderer.wondered looked like.later added able see photo face.think need time really explain emotions right i’d like applaud police force endless effort find culprit.” awards honors adaptation screenwriter kim eunhee sign phantom attached television adaptation working title signal aired tvn .gapdong aired tvn also loosely inspired film. |
China | references external links memories murder imdbmemories murder allmoviememories murder box office mojodarcy paquets review koreanfilm.orgmemories murder hancinema memories murder korean movie databasememories murder killing jar essay ed park criterion collectionworlds populous country population .billion.china spans five geographical time zones borders different countries second country world russia.covering area approximately .million square kilometers sq mi worlds third fourth largest country. |
China | country consists provinces five autonomous regions four municipalities two special administrative regions hong kong macau.national capital beijing.china emerged one worlds first civilizations fertile basin yellow river north china plain.china one worlds foremost economic powers two millennia st th century.millennia chinas political system based absolute hereditary monarchies dynasties beginning semilegendary xia dynasty st century bce.since china expanded fractured reunified numerous times. |
China | rd century bce qin reunited core china established first chinese empire.succeeding han dynasty bce – ce saw advanced technology time including papermaking compass along agricultural medical improvements.invention gunpowder movable type tang dynasty – northern song dynasty – completed four great inventions.tang culture spread widely asia new silk road brought traders far mesopotamia horn africa.qing dynasty chinas last dynasty formed territorial basis modern china suffered heavy losses foreign imperialism th century.the chinese monarchy collapsed xinhai revolution republic china roc replaced qing dynasty. |
China | china invaded empire japan world war ii.civil war resulted division territory chinese communist party ccp established peoples republic china mainland kuomintangled roc government retreated island taiwan.claim sole legitimate government china although united nations recognized prc sole representation since .china conducted series economic reforms since entered world trade organization .china currently governed unitary oneparty socialist republic ccp.china permanent member united nations security council founding member several multilateral regional cooperation organizations asian infrastructure investment bank silk road fund new development bank shanghai cooperation organization rcep member brics g g apec east asia summit. |
China | ranks among lowest international measurements civil liberties government transparency freedom press freedom religion ethnic minorities.chinese authorities criticized political dissidents human rights activists widespread human rights abuses including political repression mass censorship mass surveillance citizens violent suppression protests.china worlds largest economy gdp purchasing power parity secondlargest economy nominal gdp worlds second wealthiest country total wealth.country fast growing major economy worlds largest manufacturer exporter.china recognized nuclearweapon state worlds largest standing army military personnel secondlargest defense budget.etymology word china used english since th century however word used chinese period. |
China | origin traced portuguese malay persian back sanskrit word chīna used ancient india.china appears richard edens translation journal portuguese explorer duarte barbosa.barbosas usage derived persian chīn چین turn derived sanskrit cīna चीन.cīna first used early hindu scripture including mahābhārata th century bce laws manu nd century bce.martino martini suggested word china derived ultimately name qin dynasty – bce. |
China | although usage indian sources precedes dynasty derivation still given various sources.origin sanskrit word matter debate according oxford english dictionary.alternative suggestions include names yelang jing chu state.the official name modern state peoples republic china simplified chinese 中华人民共和国 traditional chinese 中華人民共和國 pinyin zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó.shorter form china zhōngguó 中国 中國 zhōng central guó state term developed western zhou dynasty reference royal demesne.applied area around luoyi presentday luoyang eastern zhou chinas central plain used occasional synonym state qing. |
China | often used cultural concept distinguish huaxia people perceived barbarians.name zhongguo also translated middle kingdom english.china prc sometimes referred mainland distinguishing roc prc.history prehistory archaeological evidence suggests early hominids inhabited china .million years ago. |
China | hominid fossils peking man homo erectus used fire discovered cave zhoukoudian near beijing dated years ago.fossilized teeth homo sapiens dated – years ago discovered fuyan cave dao county hunan.chinese protowriting existed jiahu around bce damaidi around bce dadiwan bce banpo dating th millennium bce.scholars suggested jiahu symbols th millennium bce constituted earliest chinese writing system.early dynastic rule according chinese tradition first dynasty xia emerged around bce. |
China | xia dynasty marked beginning chinas political system based hereditary monarchies dynasties lasted millennium.dynasty considered mythical historians scientific excavations found early bronze age sites erlitou henan .remains unclear whether sites remains xia dynasty another culture period.succeeding shang dynasty earliest confirmed contemporary records.shang ruled plain yellow river eastern china th th century bce. |
China | oracle bone script c. bce represents oldest form chinese writing yet found direct ancestor modern chinese characters.the shang conquered zhou ruled th th centuries bce though centralized authority slowly eroded feudal warlords.principalities eventually emerged weakened zhou longer fully obeyed zhou king continually waged war year spring autumn period.time warring states period th–rd centuries bce seven powerful states left.imperial china warring states period ended bce state qin conquered six kingdoms reunited china established dominant order autocracy.king zheng qin proclaimed first emperor qin dynasty. |
China | enacted qins legalist reforms throughout china notably forced standardization chinese characters measurements road widths i.e.cart axles length currency.dynasty also conquered yue tribes guangxi guangdong vietnam.qin dynasty lasted fifteen years falling soon first emperors death harsh authoritarian policies led widespread rebellion.following widespread civil war imperial library xianyang burned han dynasty emerged rule china bce ce creating cultural identity among populace still remembered ethnonym han chinese.han expanded empires territory considerably military campaigns reaching central asia mongolia south korea yunnan recovery guangdong northern vietnam nanyue. |
China | han involvement central asia sogdia helped establish land route silk road replacing earlier path himalayas india.han china gradually became largest economy ancient world.despite hans initial decentralization official abandonment qin philosophy legalism favor confucianism qins legalist institutions policies continued employed han government successors.after end han dynasty period strife known three kingdoms followed whose central figures later immortalized one four classics chinese literature.end wei swiftly overthrown jin dynasty.jin fell civil war upon ascension developmentally disabled emperor five barbarians invaded ruled northern china sixteen states. |
China | xianbei unified northern wei whose emperor xiaowen reversed predecessors apartheid policies enforced drastic sinification subjects largely integrating chinese culture.south general liu yu secured abdication jin favor liu song.various successors states became known northern southern dynasties two areas finally reunited sui .sui restored han power china reformed agriculture economy imperial examination system constructed grand canal patronized buddhism.however fell quickly conscription public works failed war northern korea provoked widespread unrest.under succeeding tang song dynasties chinese economy technology culture entered golden age. |
China | tang empire retained control western regions silk road brought traders far mesopotamia horn africa made capital changan cosmopolitan urban center.however devastated weakened lushan rebellion th century.tang disintegrated completely local military governors became ungovernable.song dynasty ended separatist situation leading balance power song khitan liao.song first government world history issue paper money first chinese polity establish permanent standing navy supported developed shipbuilding industry along sea trade.between th th centuries population china doubled size around million people mostly expansion rice cultivation central southern china production abundant food surpluses. |
China | song dynasty also saw revival confucianism response growth buddhism tang flourishing philosophy arts landscape art porcelain brought new levels maturity complexity.however military weakness song army observed jurchen jin dynasty.emperor huizong song capital bianjing captured jin–song wars.remnants song retreated southern china.the mongol conquest china began gradual conquest western xia genghis khan also invaded jin territories.mongol leader kublai khan established yuan dynasty conquered last remnant song dynasty . |
China | mongol invasion population song china million citizens reduced million time census .peasant named zhu yuanzhang led rebellion overthrew yuan founded ming dynasty hongwu emperor.ming dynasty china enjoyed another golden age developing one strongest navies world rich prosperous economy amid flourishing art culture.period admiral zheng led ming treasure voyages throughout indian ocean reaching far east africa.in early years ming dynasty chinas capital moved nanjing beijing.budding capitalism philosophers wang yangming critiqued expanded neoconfucianism concepts individualism equality four occupations. |
China | scholarofficial stratum became supporting force industry commerce tax boycott movements together famines defense japanese invasions korea – manchu invasions led exhausted treasury.beijing captured coalition peasant rebel forces led li zicheng.chongzhen emperor committed suicide city fell.manchu qing dynasty allied ming dynasty general wu sangui overthrew lis shortlived shun dynasty subsequently seized control beijing became new capital qing dynasty.the qing dynasty lasted last imperial dynasty china.conquest ming – cost million lives economy china shrank drastically. |
China | southern ming ended conquest dzungar khanate added mongolia tibet xinjiang empire.centralized autocracy strengthened suppress antiqing sentiment policy valuing agriculture restraining commerce haijin sea ban ideological control represented literary inquisition causing social technological stagnation.fall qing dynasty midth century qing dynasty experienced western imperialism opium wars britain france.china forced pay compensation open treaty ports allow extraterritoriality foreign nationals cede hong kong british treaty nanking first unequal treaties.first sinojapanese war – resulted qing chinas loss influence korean peninsula well cession taiwan japan.the qing dynasty also began experiencing internal unrest tens millions people died especially white lotus rebellion failed taiping rebellion ravaged southern china dungan revolt – northwest. |
China | initial success selfstrengthening movement frustrated series military defeats s.in th century great chinese diaspora began.losses due emigration added conflicts catastrophes northern chinese famine – million people died.guangxu emperor drafted reform plan establish modern constitutional monarchy plans thwarted empress dowager cixi.illfated antiforeign boxer rebellion – weakened dynasty.although cixi sponsored program reforms xinhai revolution – brought end qing dynasty established republic china. |
China | puyi last emperor china abdicated .establishment republic world war ii january republic china established sun yatsen kuomintang kmt nationalist party proclaimed provisional president.february regent empress dowager longyu sealed imperial abdication decree behalf year old puyi last emperor china ending years monarchy china.march presidency given yuan shikai former qing general proclaimed emperor china.face popular condemnation opposition beiyang army forced abdicate reestablish republic .after yuan shikais death china politically fragmented. |
China | beijingbased government internationally recognized virtually powerless regional warlords controlled territory.late kuomintang chiang kaishek principal republic china military academy able reunify country control series deft military political maneuverings known collectively northern expedition.kuomintang moved nations capital nanjing implemented political tutelage intermediate stage political development outlined sun yatsens sanmin program transforming china modern democratic state.political division china made difficult chiang battle communistled peoples liberation army pla kuomintang warring since chinese civil war.war continued successfully kuomintang especially pla retreated long march japanese aggression xian incident forced chiang confront imperial japan.the second sinojapanese war – theater world war ii forced uneasy alliance kuomintang communists. |
China | japanese forces committed numerous war atrocities civilian population many million chinese civilians died.estimated chinese massacred city nanjing alone japanese occupation.war china along uk united states soviet union referred trusteeship powerful recognized allied big four declaration united nations.along three great powers china one four major allies world war ii later considered one primary victors war.surrender japan taiwan including pescadores returned chinese control. |
China | china emerged victorious warravaged financially drained.continued distrust kuomintang communists led resumption civil war.constitutional rule established ongoing unrest many provisions roc constitution never implemented mainland china.civil war peoples republic major combat chinese civil war ended ccp gain control mainland china kuomintang retreating offshore taiwan reducing territory taiwan hainan surrounding islands.october ccp chairman mao zedong formally proclaimed establishment peoples republic china new nations founding ceremony inaugural military parade tiananmen square beijing. |
China | peoples liberation army captured hainan roc incorporated tibet.however remaining kuomintang forces continued wage insurgency western china throughout s.the government consolidated popularity among peasants land reform included execution million landlords.china developed independent industrial system nuclear weapons.chinese population increased million million .however great leap forward idealistic massive reform project resulted estimated million deaths mostly starvation. |
China | mao allies launched cultural revolution sparking decade political recrimination social upheaval lasted maos death .october prc replaced republic china united nations took seat permanent member security council.reforms contemporary history maos death gang four quickly arrested hua guofeng held responsible excesses cultural revolution.elder deng xiaoping took power instituted significant economic reforms.ccp loosened governmental control citizens personal lives communes gradually disbanded favor working contracted households. |
China | marked chinas transition planned economy mixed economy increasingly openmarket environment.china adopted current constitution december .suppression student protests tiananmen square brought condemnations sanctions chinese government various foreign countries.jiang zemin li peng zhu rongji led nation s. administration chinas economic performance pulled estimated million peasants poverty sustained average annual gross domestic product growth rate .. british hong kong portuguese macau returned china respectively hong kong macau special administrative regions principle one country two systems.country joined world trade organization maintained high rate economic growth hu jintao wen jiabaos leadership s. however growth also severely impacted countrys resources environment caused major social displacement.chinese communist party general secretary xi jinping ruled since pursued largescale efforts reform chinas economy suffered structural instabilities slowing growth also reformed onechild policy penal system well instituting vast anti corruption crackdown.china initiated belt road initiative global infrastructure investment project.on july peoples republic china celebrated th anniversary establishment ccp first two centenaries huge gathering tiananmen square cultural artistic performance beijing national stadium beijing. |
China | geography chinas landscape vast diverse ranging gobi taklamakan deserts arid north subtropical forests wetter south.himalaya karakoram pamir tian mountain ranges separate china much south central asia.yangtze yellow rivers third sixthlongest world respectively run tibetan plateau densely populated eastern seaboard.chinas coastline along pacific ocean km mi long bounded bohai yellow east china south china seas.china connects kazakh border eurasian steppe artery communication east west since neolithic steppe route – ancestor terrestrial silk roads.the territory china lies latitudes ° ° n longitudes ° ° e. geographical center china marked center country monument °′.″n °′.″e. |
China | chinas landscapes vary significantly across vast territory.east along shores yellow sea east china sea extensive densely populated alluvial plains edges inner mongolian plateau north broad grasslands predominate.southern china dominated hills low mountain ranges centraleast hosts deltas chinas two major rivers yellow river yangtze river.major rivers include xi mekong brahmaputra amur.west sit major mountain ranges notably himalayas. |
China | high plateaus feature among arid landscapes north taklamakan gobi desert.worlds highest point mount everest lies sinonepalese border.countrys lowest point worlds thirdlowest dried lake bed ayding lake − turpan depression.climate chinas climate mainly dominated dry seasons wet monsoons lead pronounced temperature differences winter summer.winter northern winds coming highlatitude areas cold dry summer southern winds coastal areas lower latitudes warm moist.a major environmental issue china continued expansion deserts particularly gobi desert. |
China | although barrier tree lines planted since reduced frequency sandstorms prolonged drought poor agricultural practices resulted dust storms plaguing northern china spring spread parts east asia including japan korea.chinas environmental watchdog sepa stated china losing km sq mi per year desertification.water quality erosion pollution control become important issues chinas relations countries.melting glaciers himalayas could potentially lead water shortages hundreds millions people.according academics order limit climate change china . |
China | °c .°f electricity generation coal china without carbon capture must phased .official government statistics chinese agricultural productivity considered unreliable due exaggeration production subsidiary government levels.much china climate suitable agriculture country worlds largest producer rice wheat tomatoes eggplant grapes watermelon spinach many crops.biodiversity china one megadiverse countries lying two worlds major biogeographic realms palearctic indomalayan. |
China | one measure china species animals vascular plants making thirdmost biodiverse country world brazil colombia.country signed rio de janeiro convention biological diversity june became party convention january .later produced national biodiversity strategy action plan one revision received convention september .china home least species mammals thirdhighest number world species birds eighth species reptiles seventh species amphibians seventh.wildlife china shares habitat bears acute pressure worlds largest population humans.least animal species threatened vulnerable danger local extinction china due mainly human activity habitat destruction pollution poaching food fur ingredients traditional chinese medicine. |
China | endangered wildlife protected law country nature reserves covering total area .million hectares percent chinas total land area.wild animals eliminated core agricultural regions east central china fared better mountainous south west.baiji confirmed extinct december .china species vascular plants home variety forest types.cold coniferous forests predominate north country supporting animal species moose asian black bear along bird species. |
China | understory moist conifer forests may contain thickets bamboo.higher montane stands juniper yew bamboo replaced rhododendrons.subtropical forests predominate central southern china support high density plant species including numerous rare endemics.tropical seasonal rainforests though confined yunnan hainan island contain quarter animal plant species found china.china recorded species fungi nearly higher fungi. |
China | environment early china suffered environmental deterioration pollution due rapid pace industrialization.regulations environmental protection law fairly stringent poorly enforced frequently disregarded local communities government officials favor rapid economic development.china country second highest death toll air pollution india.approximately million deaths caused exposure ambient air pollution.although china ranks highest co emitting country world emits tons co per capita significantly lower developed countries united states . |
China | australia .south korea ..in recent years china clamped pollution.march ccp general secretary xi jinping declared war pollution opening national peoples congress.extensive debate lasting nearly two years parliament approved new environmental law april.new law empowers environmental enforcement agencies great punitive power large fines offenders defines areas require extra protection gives independent environmental groups ability operate country. |
China | chinese communist party general secretary xi jinping announced china aims peak emissions go carbonneutral accordance paris climate accord.according climate action tracker accomplished would lower expected rise global temperature ..degrees biggest single reduction ever estimated climate action tracker.september xi jinping announced china build coalfired power projects abroad. |
China | decision pivotal reducing emissions.belt road initiative include financing projects already first half .the country also significant water pollution problems .chinas rivers polluted industrial agricultural waste .china forest landscape integrity index mean score .ranking rd globally countries. |
China | sweeping law passed chinese government protect ecology yangtze river.new laws include strengthening ecological protection rules hydropower projects along river banning chemical plants within kilometer river relocating polluting industries severely restricting sand mining well complete fishing ban natural waterways river including major tributaries lakes.china also worlds leading investor renewable energy commercialization billion invested alone major manufacturer renewable energy technologies invests heavily localscale renewable energy projects.chinas energy derived renewable sources notably hydroelectric power total installed capacity gw makes china largest hydroelectric power producer world.china also largest power capacity installed solar photovoltaics system wind power system world.greenhouse gas emissions china worlds largest renewable energy china. |
China | political geography peoples republic china secondlargest country world land area russia.chinas total area generally stated approximately km sq mi.specific area figures range km sq mi according encyclopædia britannica km sq mi according un demographic yearbook cia world factbook.china longest combined land border world measuring km mi coastline covers approximately km mi mouth yalu river amnok river gulf tonkin.china borders nations extends across much east asia bordering vietnam laos myanmar burma southeast asia india bhutan nepal afghanistan pakistan south asia tajikistan kyrgyzstan kazakhstan central asia russia mongolia north korea inner asia northeast asia.additionally china shares maritime boundaries south korea japan vietnam philippines. |
China | politics chinese constitution states peoples republic china socialist state governed people’s democratic dictatorship led working class based alliance workers peasants state institutions shall practice principle democratic centralism.prc one worlds socialist states governed communist party.chinese government variously described communist socialist also authoritarian corporatist heavy restrictions many areas notably free access internet freedom press freedom assembly right children free formation social organizations freedom religion.current political ideological economic system termed leaders consultative democracy peoples democratic dictatorship socialism chinese characteristics marxism adapted chinese circumstances socialist market economy respectively.communist party since main body chinese constitution declares defining feature socialism chinese characteristics leadership chinese communist party ccp. |
China | amendments constitutionalized de facto oneparty state status china wherein ccp general secretary party leader holds ultimate power authority state government serves informal paramount leader.current general secretary xi jinping took office november reelected october .electoral system pyramidal.local peoples congresses directly elected higher levels peoples congresses national peoples congress npc indirectly elected peoples congress level immediately below.another eight political parties representatives npc chinese peoples political consultative conference cppcc. |
China | china supports leninist principle democratic centralism critics describe elected national peoples congress rubber stamp body.since ccp peoples liberation army pla promote according seniority possible discern distinct generations chinese leadership.official discourse group leadership identified distinct extension ideology party.historians studied various periods development government peoples republic china reference generations.government china oneparty state led chinese communist party ccp.national peoples congress altered countrys constitution remove twoterm limit holding presidency china permitting current leader xi jinping remain president china general secretary chinese communist party unlimited time earning criticism creating dictatorial governance. |
China | president titular head state elected national peoples congress.premier head government presiding state council composed four vice premiers heads ministries commissions.incumbent president xi jinping also general secretary chinese communist party chairman central military commission making chinas paramount leader.incumbent premier li keqiang also senior member ccp politburo standing committee chinas de facto top decisionmaking body.in xi called communist party tighten grip country uphold unity party leadership achieve chinese dream national rejuvenation.political concerns china include growing gap rich poor government corruption. |
China | nonetheless level public support government management nation high – chinese citizens expressing satisfaction central government according survey.survey canadian institutes health research also found chinese satisfied government information dissemination amidst covid pandemic satisfied delivery daily necessities.administrative divisions peoples republic china officially divided provinces five autonomous regions designated minority group four municipalities—collectively referred mainland china—as well special administrative regions sars hong kong macau.geographically provincial divisions mainland china grouped six regions north china northeast china east china south central china southwest china northwest china.china considers taiwan rd province although taiwan governed republic china roc rejects prcs claim.conversely roc constitution claims sovereignty divisions governed prc. |
China | foreign relations prc diplomatic relations countries maintains embassies .china largest diplomatic network world.legitimacy disputed republic china countries thus largest populous state limited recognition population .billion.prc replaced republic china sole representative china united nations one five permanent members united nations security council. |
China | china also former member leader nonaligned movement still considers advocate developing countries.along brazil russia india south africa china member brics group emerging major economies hosted groups third official summit sanya hainan april .under interpretation onechina policy beijing made precondition establishing diplomatic relations country acknowledges claim taiwan severs official ties government republic china.chinese officials protested numerous occasions foreign countries made diplomatic overtures taiwan especially matter armament sales.much current chinese foreign policy reportedly based premier zhou enlais five principles peaceful coexistence also driven concept harmony without uniformity encourages diplomatic relations states despite ideological differences.policy may led china support states regarded dangerous repressive western nations zimbabwe north korea iran.china close economic military relationship russia two states often vote unison un security council. |
China | trade relations china became worlds largest trading nation measured sum imports exports well worlds biggest commodity importer.comprising roughly maritimes drybulk market.by china largest trading partner countries.china largest trading partner asean nations total trade value .billion accounting .aseans total trade. |
China | asean also chinas largest trading partner.china became largest trading partner european union goods total value goods trade reaching nearly billion.china along asean japan south korea australia new zealand member regional comprehensive economic partnership worlds largest freetrade area covering worlds population economic output.china became member world trade organization wto .proposed entirely new east asia summit eas framework forum regional security issues. |
China | eas includes asean plus three india australia new zealand held inaugural summit .china long complex trade relationship united states.united states congress approved permanent normal trade relations pntr china allowing chinese exports low tariffs goods countries.china significant trade surplus united states important export market.early us politicians argued chinese yuan significantly undervalued giving china unfair trade advantage.since turn century china followed policy engaging african nations trade bilateral cooperation sinoafrican trade totalled billion grown times two decades.according madison condon china finances infrastructure projects africa world bank provides billions dollars lowinterest loans continent’s emerging economies. |
China | china maintains extensive highly diversified trade links european union.china furthermore strengthened trade ties major south american economies largest trading partner brazil chile peru uruguay argentina several others.chinas belt road initiative expanded significantly last six years april includes countries international organizations.addition intensifying foreign policy relations focus particularly building efficient transport routes.focus particularly maritime silk road connections east africa europe chinese investments related declarations intent numerous ports gwadar kuantan hambantota piraeus trieste.however many loans made belt road program unsustainable china faced number calls debt relief debtor nations. |
China | territorial disputes taiwan ever since establishment chinese civil war prc claimed territories governed republic china roc separate political entity today commonly known taiwan part territory.regards island taiwan taiwan province kinmen matsu part fujian province islands roc controls south china sea part hainan province guangdong province.claims controversial complicated crossstrait relations prc treating onechina policy one important diplomatic principles.land border disputes china resolved land borders neighboring countries pursued substantial compromises them.china currently disputed land border india bhutan. |
China | maritime border disputes china additionally involved maritime disputes multiple countries ownership several small islands east south china seas senkaku islands scarborough shoal.sociopolitical issues human rights china uses massive espionage network cameras facial recognition software sensors surveillance personal technology social credit system means social control persons living country.chinese democracy movement social activists members chinese communist party believe need social political reform.economic social controls significantly relaxed china since political freedom still tightly restricted.constitution peoples republic china states fundamental rights citizens include freedom speech freedom press right fair trial freedom religion universal suffrage property rights. |
China | however practice provisions afford significant protection criminal prosecution state.although criticisms government policies ruling communist party tolerated censorship political speech information notably internet routinely used prevent collective action.china plans give citizens personal social credit score based behave.social credit system first piloted considered form mass surveillance uses big data analysis technology.a number foreign governments foreign press agencies ngos criticized chinas human rights record alleging widespread civil rights violations detention without trial forced abortions forced confessions torture restrictions fundamental rights excessive use death penalty.government suppresses popular protests demonstrations considers potential threat social stability case tiananmen square protests .the chinese state regularly accused largescale repression human rights abuses tibet xinjiang including violent police crackdowns religious suppression throughout chinese nation. |
China | least one million members chinas muslim uyghur minority detained mass detention camps termed vocational education training centers aimed changing political thinking detainees identities religious beliefs.according u.s. department state actions including political indoctrination torture physical psychological abuse forced sterilization sexual abuse forced labor common facilities.state also sought control offshore reporting tensions xinjiang intimidating foreignbased reporters detaining family members.according report chinas treatment uyghurs meets un definition genocide several groups called un investigation.january united states secretary state mike pompeo announced united states department state determined genocide crimes humanity perpetrated china uyghurs.global studies pew research center ranked chinese governments restrictions religion among highest world despite low moderate rankings religiousrelated social hostilities country. |
China | global slavery index estimated .million people living conditions modern slavery .population including victims human trafficking forced labor forced marriage child labor stateimposed forced labor.stateimposed forced system formally abolished clear extent various practices stopped.chinese penal system includes labor prison factories detention centers reeducation camps collectively known laogai reform labor. |
China | laogai research foundation united states estimated thousand slave labor prisons camps china.in study called mass retraction scientific papers organ transplantation fears organs obtained unethically chinese prisoners.government says transplants occur year report falun gonglinked ietac alleged organs transplanted year claimed gap made executed prisoners conscience.military nearly .million active troops peoples liberation army pla largest standing military force world commanded central military commission cmc.china secondbiggest military reserve force behind north korea. |
China | pla consists ground force plagf navy plan air force plaaf rocket force plarf strategic support force plassf.according chinese government military budget totalled us.billion constituting worlds secondlargest military budget although military expendituresgdp ratio .gdp world average.however many authorities – including sipri u.s. office secretary defense claim china hides real level military spending allegedly much higher official budget.china boasts worlds thirdmost powerful military worlds thirdlargest stockpile nuclear weapons. |
China | economy since china worlds secondlargest economy terms nominal gdp totaling approximately us.trillion .trillion yuan .terms purchasing power parity ppp gdp chinas economy largest world since according world bank.china also worlds fastestgrowing major economy. |
China | according world bank chinas gdp grew billion .trillion .chinas economic growth consistently percent since introduction economic reforms .china also worlds largest exporter secondlargest importer goods.chinas contribution global gdp growth .china one largest economies world past two thousand years seen cycles prosperity decline. |
China | since economic reforms began china developed highly diversified economy one consequential players international trade.major sectors competitive strength include manufacturing retail mining steel textiles automobiles energy generation green energy banking electronics telecommunications real estate ecommerce tourism.china three ten largest stock exchanges world—shanghai hong kong shenzhen—that together market capitalization .trillion october .china four shanghai hong kong beijing shenzhen worlds top ten competitive financial centers country global financial centres index. |
China | chinas four cities shanghai beijing guangzhou shenzhen projected among global top ten largest cities nominal gdp according report oxford economics.china worlds no.manufacturer since overtaking us no.previous hundred years.china also no.hightech manufacturing since according us national science foundation. |
China | china second largest retail market world next united states.china leads world ecommerce accounting global market share global market share .china worlds leader electric vehicles manufacturing buying half plugin electric cars bev phev world .china also leading producer batteries electric vehicles well several key raw materials batteries.china gw installed solar capacity end amounts global solar capacity.foreign chinese sources claimed official chinese government statistics overstate chinas economic growth. |
China | however several western academics institutions stated chinas economic growth higher indicated official figures.china large informal economy arose result countrys economic opening.informal economy source employment income workers unrecognized suffers lower productivity.wealth china china second world us total number billionaires total number millionaires chinese billionaires .million millionaires.china overtook us home highest number people net personal wealth least according global wealth report credit suisse. |
China | according hurun global rich list china home five worlds top ten cities beijing shanghai hong kong shenzhen guangzhou st rd th th th spots respectively highest number billionaires country.china female billionaires january twothirds global total minted new female billionaires .however ranks behind countries around per capita economic output making uppermiddle income country.additionally development highly uneven.major cities coastal areas far prosperous compared rural interior regions.china brought people extreme poverty country history—between china reduced extreme poverty million. |
China | china reduced extreme poverty rate—per international standard refers income less .day—from ..according world bank number chinese extreme poverty fell million million .portion people china living international poverty line .per day ppp fell . |
China | ..using lowermiddle income poverty line .per day portion fell .. |
China | .using uppermiddle income poverty line .per day portion fell ... |
China | economic growth founding late peoples republic china sovietstyle centrally planned economy.following maos death consequent end cultural revolution deng xiaoping new chinese leadership began reform economy move towards marketoriented mixed economy oneparty rule.agricultural collectivization dismantled farmlands privatized foreign trade became major new focus leading creation special economic zones sezs.inefficient stateowned enterprises soes restructured unprofitable ones closed outright resulting massive job losses.modernday china mainly characterized market economy based private property ownership one leading examples state capitalism. |
China | state still dominates strategic pillar sectors energy production heavy industries private enterprise expanded enormously around million private businesses recorded .private enterprises china accounted gdp urban employment new jobs.in early chinas economic growth rate began slow amid domestic credit troubles weakening international demand chinese exports fragility global economy.chinas gdp slightly larger germanys however chinas .trillioneconomy became larger germany uk france italy combined.imf reiterated forecast china overtake us terms nominal gdp year . |
China | economists also expect chinas middle class expand million people .in china major economy world grow recording .growth due success taming coronavirus within borders.china global economy china member wto worlds largest trading power total international trade value us.trillion .foreign exchange reserves reached us. |
China | trillion making reserves far worlds largest.china worlds largest recipient inward foreign direct investment fdi attracting billion.chinas foreign exchange remittances us billion making second largest recipient remittances world.china also invests abroad total outward fdi .billion number major takeovers foreign firms chinese companies. |
China | china major owner us public debt holding trillions dollars worth u.s. treasury bonds.chinas undervalued exchange rate caused friction major economies also widely criticized manufacturing large quantities counterfeit goods.following – financial crisis chinese authorities sought actively wean dependence u.s. dollar result perceived weaknesses international monetary system.achieve ends china took series actions internationalization renminbi.china established dim sum bond market expanded crossborder trade rmb settlement pilot project helps establish pools offshore rmb liquidity.followed bilateral agreements settle trades directly renminbi russia japan australia singapore united kingdom canada. |
China | result rapid internationalization renminbi became eighthmosttraded currency world emerging international reserve currency component imfs special drawing rights however partly due capital controls make renminbi fall short fully convertible currency remains far behind euro dollar japanese yen international trade volumes.class income inequality china worlds largest middle class population since middle class grew size million .study brookings institution forecast chinas middleclass reach .billion almost times entire u.s. population today making one fourth world total.wages china grown lot last years—real inflationadjusted wages grew sevenfold . |
China | median wages chinese cities shanghai higher wages eastern european countries.china worlds highest number billionaires nearly october increasing rate roughly five per week.china high level economic inequality increased past decades.chinas gini coefficient .according world bank. |
China | science technology historical china world leader science technology ming dynasty.ancient chinese discoveries inventions papermaking printing compass gunpowder four great inventions became widespread across east asia middle east later europe.chinese mathematicians first use negative numbers.th century western hemisphere surpassed china scientific technological advancement.causes early modern great divergence continue debated scholars.after repeated military defeats european colonial powers japan th century chinese reformers began promoting modern science technology part selfstrengthening movement. |
China | communists came power efforts made organize science technology based model soviet union scientific research part central planning.maos death science technology promoted one four modernizations sovietinspired academic system gradually reformed.modern era since end cultural revolution china made significant investments scientific research quickly catching us rd spending.china spent billion scientific research development.according oecd china spent . |
China | gdp research development rd .science technology seen vital achieving chinas economic political goals held source national pride degree sometimes described technonationalism.according world intellectual property indicators china received .million patent applications representing nearly half patent applications worldwide double us.china no. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.