title stringlengths 1 105 | content stringlengths 5 58.1k |
|---|---|
Uttar Pradesh | million people visited taj mahal – previous year number stood lakhs .million.monument earned almost ₹ crore us million ticket sales –.states tourism industry major contributor states economy growing rate ..religious tourism plays significant role uttar pradesh tourism state holiest hindu shrines.varanasi major religious hub holiest seven sacred cities sapta puri hinduism jainism. |
Uttar Pradesh | domestic tourist commonly visit religious purposes foreign tourist visit ghats along river ganges.vrindavan considered holy place vaisnavism.owing belief birthplace rama ayodhya awadh regarded one seven important pilgrimage sites.millions gather allahabad take part magh mela festival banks ganges.festival organised larger scale every th year called kumbh mela million hindu pilgrims congregate one largest gatherings people world. |
Uttar Pradesh | vindhyachal hindu pilgrimage site temple vindhyavasini.buddhist attractions uttar pradesh include stupas monasteries.historically important towns sarnath gautama buddha gave first sermon enlightenment died kushinagar important pilgrimage sites buddhists.also sarnath pillars ashoka lion capital ashoka important archaeological artefacts national significance.distance km varanasi ghazipur famous ghats ganges also tomb lord cornwallis thcentury governor east india company ruled bengal presidency.tomb maintained archaeological survey india. |
Uttar Pradesh | state one national park wildlife sanctuaries.okhla bird sanctuary known bird species bird species migratory travelling tibet europe siberia patna bird sanctuary sanctuary etah district major tourist attraction.healthcare uttar pradesh large public well private healthcare infrastructure.although extensive network public private sector healthcare providers built available health infrastructure inadequate meet demand health services state.years – population uttar pradesh increased per cent. |
Uttar Pradesh | public health centres frontline governments health care system decreased per cent.smaller subcentres first point public contact increased per cent years period population grew per cent.state also facing challenges shortage healthcare professionals increasing cost healthcare mushrooming private healthcare lack planning.number government hospital rural urban areas uttar pradesh beds beds respectively.a newborn uttar pradesh expected live four years fewer neighbouring state bihar five years fewer haryana seven years fewer himachal pradesh.uttar pradesh contributed largest share almost communicable noncommunicable disease deaths including per cent typhoid deaths per cent cancer deaths per cent tuberculosis deaths . |
Uttar Pradesh | uttar pradeshs maternal mortality ratio higher national average maternal deaths every live births per cent pregnant women unable access minimum antenatal care.around per cent pregnant women .million deliver babies home.twothirds per cent childbirths home uttar pradesh unsafe.state highest child mortality indicators neonatal mortality rate nnmr underfive mortality rate children die per live births five years age die within month birth complete year life. |
Uttar Pradesh | third rural population state deprived primary healthcare infrastructure according norms indian public health standards.culture language literature several texts hymns vedic literature composed uttar pradesh.renowned indian writers resided uttar pradesh kabir ravidas tulsidas wrote much ram charit manas varanasi.festival guru purnima dedicated sage vyasa also known vyasa purnima day believed birthday also day divided vedas.long literary folk hindilanguage tradition state. |
Uttar Pradesh | th th century hindi literature modernised authors jaishankar prasad maithili sharan gupt munshi premchand suryakant tripathi nirala babu gulabrai sachchidananda hirananda vatsyayan agyeya rahul sankrityayan harivansh rai bachchan dharamvir bharati subhadra kumari chauhan mahavir prasad dwivedi swami sahajanand saraswati dushyant kumar hazari prasad dwivedi acharya kuber nath rai bharatendu harishchandra kamleshwar prasad saxena shivmangal singh suman mahadevi varma vibhuti narain rai.the state sometimes called hindi heartland india.hindi became language state administration uttar pradesh official language act .amendment act added urdu additional language state.linguistically state spreads across central eastcentral eastern zones hindi belt major hindi languages state awadhi bagheli bhojpuri bundeli braj bhasha kannauji hindustani.music dance every district uttar pradesh unique music tradition traditional folk music uttar pradesh categorised three different ways including music transmitted orally music unknown composers music performed custom. |
Uttar Pradesh | popular folk music uttar pradesh includes sohar sung celebrate birth child kajari sung rainy season ghazal thumri qawwali form sufi poetry popular awadh region rasiya especially popular braj celebrate divine love radha krishna.khayal form semiclassical singing comes courts awadh.forms music biraha chaiti chowtal alha sawani.kathak classical dance form owes origin state uttar pradesh.dance form connected classical hindustani music rhythmic nimbleness feet accompanied either tabla pakhawaj.ramlila one oldest dramatic folk dance depicts life lord rama mainly performed vijayadashami festival. |
Uttar Pradesh | svanga dance drama semihistorical tales ballads.traditional dance musical styles taught bhatkhande music institute university lucknow named musician pandit vishnu narayan bhatkhande.four six schools dance form lucknow gharana ajrara gharana farukhabad gharana benares gharana situated uttar pradesh.fairs festivals diwali celebrated midoctober middecember rama navami popular festivals uttar pradesh.kumbh mela organised month maagha february—march major festival held every twelve years rotation allahabad river ganges. |
Uttar Pradesh | lath mar holi local celebration hindu festival holi.takes place well actual holi town barsana near mathura.taj mahotsav held annually agra colourful display culture braj area.ganga mahotsav festival kartik poornima celebrated fifteen days diwali.buddha purnima marks birth gautama buddha major hindu buddhist festival christmas celebrated minority christian population. |
Uttar Pradesh | festivals eidulfitr eiduladhaabakreed vijayadashami makar sankranti vasant panchami ayudha puja janmashtami sardhana christian fair maha shivaratri mahavir janma kalyanak ayurved jhansi mahotsav bārah wafāṭ chhath puja lucknow mahotsav moharram kabob hanuman jayanti.cuisine typical daytoday traditional vegetarian meal uttar pradesh like north indian thali consists roti flatbread chawal dal sabji raita papad.festive occasions usually tava flat pan roti considered inauspicious instead fried foods consumed.typical festive thali consists puri kachauri sabji pulav papad raita salad desserts sewai kheer.lassi yogurtbased chaach traditional buttermilk favoured drink uttar pradesh.many communities particular style cuisines jains kayasths muslims. |
Uttar Pradesh | also certain subregional delicacies.awadhi cuisine worldfamous dishes kebab biryani keema nihari.sweets occupy important place hindu diet eaten social ceremonies.people make distinctive sweetmeats milk products including khurchan peda gulabjamun petha makkhan malai chamcham.chaat lucknow banarasi paan known across india flavour ingredients.awadhi cuisine city lucknow. |
Uttar Pradesh | cuisine consists vegetarian nonvegetarian dishes.awadh greatly influenced mughal cooking techniques cuisine lucknow bears similarities central asia kashmir punjab hyderabad city known nawabi foods.the bawarchis rakabdars awadh gave birth dum style cooking art cooking slow fire become synonymous lucknow today.spread consisted elaborate dishes like kebabs shish kebab shashlik kormas biryani kaliya naharikulchas zarda sheermal roomali rotis warqi parathas.richness awadh cuisine lies variety cuisine also ingredients used like mutton paneer rich spices including cardamom saffron.mughlai cuisine style cooking developed indian subcontinent imperial kitchens mughal empire.represents cooking styles used north india especially uttar pradesh. |
Uttar Pradesh | cuisine strongly influenced cuisine central asia turn strongly similarities regional cuisines kashmir punjab region.tastes mughlai cuisine vary extremely mild spicy often associated distinctive aroma taste ground whole spices.dress people uttar pradesh dress variety traditional western styles.traditional styles dress include colourful draped garments – sari women dhoti lungi men – tailored clothes salwar kameez women kurtapyjama men.men often sport headgear like topi pagri. |
Uttar Pradesh | sherwani formal male dress frequently worn along chooridar festive occasions.europeanstyle trousers shirts also common among men.media number newspapers periodicals published hindi english urdu.pioneer founded allahabad george allen.amar ujala dainik bhaskar dainik jagran rajasthan patrika hindustan dainik wide circulation local editions published several important cities. |
Uttar Pradesh | major english language newspapers published sold large numbers telegraph times india hindustan times hindu statesman indian express asian age.prominent financial dailies like economic times financial express business line business standard widely circulated.vernacular newspapers hindi nepali gujarati odia urdu punjabi also read select readership.doordarshan stateowned television broadcaster.multi system operators provide mix hindi english bengali nepali international channels via cable.hindi hour television news channels ndtv india dd news zee news aaj tak news india news uttar pradesh uttarakhand abp news. |
Uttar Pradesh | india radio public radio station.private fm stations available major cities like lucknow kanpur varanasi allahabad agra noida.cell phone providers include vi india airtel bsnl reliance jio.broadband internet available select towns cities provided staterun bsnl private companies.dialup access provided throughout state bsnl providers. |
Human–wildlife conflict | see also list governors uttar pradeshlist people uttar pradeshnawabganj bird sanctuaryoutline indiasocial mobilisation network smnet notes references external links government official website government uttar pradeshofficial website department home government uttar pradeshofficial website department tourism government uttar pradesh general information geographic data related uttar pradesh openstreetmaphwc caused competition natural resources human wildlife influences human food security wellbeing humans animals.many regions number conflicts increased recent decades result human population growth transformation land use.hwc serious global threat sustainable development food security conservation urban rural landscapes alike.general consequences hwc include crop destruction reduced agricultural productivity competition grazing lands water supply livestock predation injury death human damage infrastructure increased risk disease transmission among wildlife livestock.with specific reference forests high density large ungulates deer cause severe damage vegetation threaten regeneration trampling browsing small trees rubbing trees stripping tree bark.behavior important economic implications lead polarization forest wildlife managers cpw .previously conflict mitigation strategies utilized lethal control translocation population size regulation endangered species preservation.recent management uses interdisciplinary set approaches solving conflicts. |
Human–wildlife conflict | include applying scientific research sociological studies arts reducing conflicts.humanwildlife conflict inflicts direct indirect consequences people animals mitigation important priority management biodiversity protected areas.resolving humanwildlife conflicts fostering coexistence requires wellinformed holistic collaborative processes take account underlying social cultural economic contexts.many countries starting explicitly include humanwildlife conflict national policies strategies wildlife management development poverty alleviation.national level crosssectoral collaboration forestry wildlife agriculture livestock relevant sectors key.meaning human–wildlife conflict defined world wide fund nature wwf interaction humans wildlife results negative impacts human social economic cultural life conservation wildlife populations environment. |
Human–wildlife conflict | creating coexistence workshop th annual world parks congress – september montreal defined humanwildlife conflict context human goals animal needs follows “humanwildlife conflict occurs needs behavior wildlife impact negatively goals humans goals humans negatively impact needs wildlife.a review united states geological survey defines humanwildlife conflict two contexts firstly actions wildlife conflict human goals i.e.life livelihood lifestyle secondly human activities threaten safety survival wildlife.however cases outcomes decided human responses interactions.the government yukon defines humanwildlife conflict simply lens damage property i.e.interaction wildlife humans causes harm whether it’s human wild animal property.property includes buildings equipment camps livestock pets include crops fields fences.the iucn ssc humanwildlife conflict task force describes humanwildlife conflict struggles emerge presence behaviour wildlife poses actual perceived direct recurring threat human interests needs leading disagreements groups people negative impacts people andor wildlife. |
Human–wildlife conflict | history humanwildlife interactions occurred throughout mans prehistory recorded history.among early forms humanwildlife conflict depredation ancestors prehistoric man number predators miocene sabertoothed cats leopards spotted hyenas.fossil remains early hominids show evidence depredation taung child fossilized skull young australopithecus africanus thought killed eagle distinct marks skull fossil found among egg shells remains small animals.a pliopleistocene horned crocodile crocodylus anthropophagus whose fossil remains recorded olduvai gorge largest predator encountered prehistoric man indicated hominid specimens preserving crocodile bite marks sites.examples africa tropical continent substantial anthropogenic development africa hotspot biodiversity therefore humanwildlife conflict.two primary examples conflict africa humanpredator lions leopards cheetahs etc.humanelephant conflict. |
Human–wildlife conflict | depredation livestock african predators well documented kenya namibia botswana more.african elephants frequently clash humans longdistance migrations often intersect farms.resulting damage crops infrastructure times people lead retaliatory killing elephants locals.in humanwildlife conflict incidents reported namibia alone world bank .hyenas killed cattle zambezi region namibia incidents crop damage mostly caused elephants moving region nacso a. asia rapidly increasing human population high biodiversity interactions people wild animals becoming prevalent.like humanpredator africa encounters tigers people livestock prominent issue asian continent. |
Human–wildlife conflict | attacks humans livestock exacerbated major threats tiger conservation mortality removal individuals wild negative perceptions animals locals.even nonpredator conflicts common cropraiding elephants macaques persisting rural urban environments respectively.poor disposal hotel waste tourismdominated towns altered behaviours carnivores sloth bears usually avoid human habitation humangenerated garbage.in sri lanka example year many people killed elephants elephants killed farmers.sri lankan elephant listed endangered – individuals remain wild iied .antarctica first instance death due humanwildlife conflict antarctica occurred leopard seal dragged snorkelling british marine biologist underwater drowned. |
Human–wildlife conflict | europe human–wildlife conflict europe includes interactions people carnivores herbivores.variety nonpredators deer wild boar rodents starlings shown damage crops forests.carnivores like raptors bears create conflict humans eating farmed wild fish others like lynxes wolves prey upon livestock.even less apparent cases humanwildlife conflict cause substantial losses deervehicle collisions europe .million north america led injuries deaths. |
Human–wildlife conflict | north america instances humanwildlife conflict widespread north america.wisconsin united states wolf depredation livestock prominent issue resulted injury death domestic animals year span.similar incidents reported greater yellowstone ecosystem reports wolves killing pets livestock.expanding urban centers created increasing humanwildlife conflicts interactions human coyotes mountain lions documented cities colorado california respectively among others.big cats similar source conflict central mexico reports livestock depredation widespread interactions humans coyotes observed canadian cities well. |
Human–wildlife conflict | oceania kgarifraser island australia attacks wild dingoes humans including wellpublicized death child created humanwildlife crisis required scientific intervention manage.new zealand distrust dislike introducing predatory birds new zealand falcon vineyard landscapes led tensions people surrounding wildlife.extreme cases large birds reported attack people approach nests humanmagpie conflict australia wellknown example.even conflict urban environments documented development increasing frequency humanpossum interactions sydney.south america continents depredation livestock wild animals primary source humanwildlife conflict south america. |
Human–wildlife conflict | killings guanacos predators patagonia chile – possess economic cultural value region – created tensions ranchers wildlife.south americas species bear andean bear faces population declines due similar conflict livestock owners countries like ecuador.marine ecosystems human–wildlife conflict limited terrestrial ecosystems prevalent worlds oceans well.terrestrial conflict humanwildlife conflict aquatic environments incredibly diverse extends across globe.hawaii example increase monk seals around islands created conflict locals believe seals “belong” not. |
Human–wildlife conflict | marine predators killer whales fur seals compete fisheries food resources others like great white sharks history injuring humans.many causes humanwildlife conflict terrestrial marine ecosystems depredation competition human injury etc.ocean environments less studied management approaches often differ.mitigation strategies mitigation strategies managing humanwildlife conflict vary significantly depending location type conflict.preference always passive nonintrusive prevention measures often active intervention required carried conjunction. |
Human–wildlife conflict | regardless approach successful solutions include local communities planning implementation maintenance.resolving conflicts therefore often requires regional plan attack response tailored specific crisis.still variety management techniques frequently employed mitigate conflicts.examples includetranslocation problematic animals relocating socalled problem animals site conflict new place mitigation technique used past although recent research shown approach detrimental impacts species largely ineffective.translocation decrease survival rates lead extreme dispersal movements species often problem animals resume conflict behaviors new location.erection fences barriers building barriers around cattle bomas creating distinct wildlife corridors erecting beehive fences around farms deter elephants demonstrated ability successful costeffective strategies mitigating humanwildlife conflict.improving community education perception animals various cultures myriad views values associated natural world wildlife perceived play role exacerbating alleviating humanwildlife conflict. |
Human–wildlife conflict | one masaai community young men obtained status killing lions conservationists worked community leaders shift perceptions allow young men achieve social status protecting lions instead.effective land use planning altering land use practices help mitigate conflict humans cropraiding animals.example mozambique communities started grow chili pepper plants making discovery elephants dislike avoid plants containing capsaicin.creative effective method discourages elephants trampling community farmers fields well protects species.compensation cases governmental systems established offer monetary compensation losses sustained due humanwildlife conflict.systems hope deter need retaliatory killings animals financially incentivize coexisting humans wildlife.compensation strategies employed india italy south africa name few. |
Human–wildlife conflict | success compensation managing humanwildlife conflict varied greatly due undercompensation lack local participation failure government provide timely payments.spatial analyses mapping conflict hotspots mapping interactions creating spatial models successful mitigating humancarnivore conflict humanelephant conflict among others.kenya example using gridbased geographical information systems collaboration simple statistical analyses allowed conservationists establish effective predictor humanelephant conflict.predatordeterring guard dogs use guard dogs protect livestock depredation effective mitigating humancarnivore conflict around globe.recent review found .study cases researching humancarnivore conflict used livestockguarding dogs management technique animal losses average times lower norm.managing garbage prevent attraction carnivores poor disposal garbage hotel waste rapidly emerging important aspect heightens humancarnivore conflicts countries india.urgent research increase knowledge impact easily available garbage needed improving management garbage areas carnivores reside essential. |
Human–wildlife conflict | hidden dimensions conflict human wildlife conflict also range hidden dimensions typically considered focus visible consequences.include health impacts opportunity costs transaction costs.case studies include work elephants northeast india humanelephant interactions correlated increased imbibing alcohol crop guardians resultant enhanced mortality interactions issues related gender northern india.addition research shown fear caused presence predators aggravate humanwildlife conflict actual damage produced encounters.see also human–lion conflictaldo leopoldbiophilia hypothesisdisturbance ecologyecopsychologyhuman impact environmentpoachingwildland–urban interface sources article incorporates text free content work. |
Human–wildlife conflict | licensed cc bysa .igo license statementpermission.text taken state world’s forests .forests biodiversity people – brief fao unep fao unep.learn add open license text wikipedia articles please see howto page. |
Human–wildlife conflict | information reusing text wikipedia please see terms use.references external links iucn ssc humanwildlife conflict task forceguidelines coexistence people jaguars – illustrated guide free download portuguese spanishreview humantiger conflict mitigation measures practiced south asiaguidelines humanleopard conflict management.collaborative effort solve human elephant conflict hec sri lanka.little blue society humananimal conflict resolution cuttingedge behavioral strategies permanently resolve humananimal conflicts geographical areas resourceshumanwildlife conflict one greatest threats wildlife species wwf unep report.unep july . |
Marcin Kleczynski | period working computer repairer involved forums mid kleczynski cofounded malwarebytes bruce harrison january .malwarebytes treated million computers worldwide range popular products including malwarebytes antimalware malwarebytes antiexploit recently advanced antiransomware package endpoint security.kleczynski named one forbes magazines rising stars enterprise technology .early life background kleczynski born łódź poland .family emigrated united states years old. |
Marcin Kleczynski | despite moving poland young age speaks fluent polish.child aspirations train conductor later airline pilot.retained fascination flying—in obtained pilots license.kleczynski attended fenton high school bensenville illinois received b.s.university illinois member theta chi fraternity . |
Marcin Kleczynski | career teenager kleczynski found job working technician computer repair shop chicago.working repair shop chicago kleczynski noticed whenever infected computers arrived would generally reformat computer regardless infection minor.mothers computer became infected kleczynski learned virus wasnt directly attacked finding neither mcafee symantec would remove malware system.later recalled ive never angry got computer infected professed mother told fix penalty death.kleczynski posted forum spywareinfo popular time able learn cure took three days. |
Marcin Kleczynski | company unofficially founded kleczynski conversed became friends several editors forum tempted buy unused domain them.result malwarebytes informally established .kleczynski began writing free software tools visual basic.one sites regulars bruce harrison kleczynski wrote inaugural version companys software.worked college roommate produce freely available program called rogueremover utility specialized fighting type infection known rogues scam computer users giving away credit card information fake antivirus software.rogueremover proved instrumental developing malwarebytes antimalware kleczynski able set forum enabled improve software feedback. |
Marcin Kleczynski | kleczynski harrison formally launched malwarebytes january kleczynski studying computer science university illinois.bruce became vp research malwarebytes hired doug swanson experienced freeware development technician.kleczynski harrison reportedly made first year selling software despite met personally time.kleczynski reportedly made first million time .in malwarebytes received million funding highland capital following year announced treated million computers worldwide representing working business computers.june kleczynski moved firms headquarters almaden boulevard san jose california new square feet office space two top floors story freedom circle santa clara california. |
Marcin Kleczynski | new office twice size former office.company reported growth million users one year million active users time increase revenue .january malwarebytes unveiled advanced antiransomware package endpoint security announced raised million investment fidelity management research company.working malwarebytes team kleczynski delivered several popular products internet security field including malwarebytes antimalware offers realtime protection malware automated scanning automatic updating.malwarebytes antimalware mobile free android app protects smartphones malwarebytes antiexploit protects vulnerable programs attack malwarebytes endpoint security advanced antiransomware package.kleczynski cited reason launching antiransomware technology last six months gone aggressively business environment. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | see companies people way people getting hit ransomware.awards philanthropy kleczynski silicon valley business journals award ernst young entrepreneur year award.named one forbes magazines rising stars enterprise technology.according silicon valley business journal kleczynski investor electronic frontier foundation nonprofit specializing online privacy tech museum innovation san jose.referencesestablished world meteorological organization wmo united nations environment programme unep later endorsed united nations general assembly.headquartered geneva switzerland composed member states.the ipcc provides objective comprehensive scientific information anthropogenic climate change including natural political economic impacts risks possible response options.conduct original research monitor climate change rather undertakes periodic systematic review relevant published literature.thousands scientists experts volunteer review data compile key findings assessment reports policymakers general public described biggest peer review process scientific community.the ipcc internationally accepted authority climate change work widely agreed upon leading climate scientists well governments.reports play key role united nations framework convention climate change unfccc fifth assessment report heavily informing landmark paris agreement . |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | ipcc shared nobel peace prize al gore contributions human understanding climate change.the ipcc governed member states elect bureau scientists serve duration assessment cycle usually six seven years bureau selects experts nominated governments observer organisations prepare ipcc reports.ipcc supported secretariat various technical support units specialised working groups task forces.following election new bureau ipcc began sixth assessment cycle completed .august physical science working group ipcc published contribution sixth assessment report guardian described starkest warning yet major inevitable irreversible climate changes theme echoed many newspapers around world.period ipcc released several special reports including special report global warming .°c special report climate change land srccl special report ocean cryosphere changing climate srocc. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | consequently sixth assessment cycle described ambitious ipccs history.origins aims ipcc developed international scientific body advisory group greenhouse gases set international council scientific unions united nations environment programme unep world meteorological organization wmo provide recommendations based current research.small group scientists lacked resources cover increasingly complex interdisciplinary nature climate science.united states government sought international convention restrictions greenhouse gases conservative reagan administration expressed concern unrestrained influence independent scientists united nations bodies unep wmo.u.s. government main force shaping ipcc autonomous intergovernmental body scientists took part experts official representatives governments would produce reports backed leading relevant scientists gain consensus agreement every participating government. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | way ipcc formed hybrid scientific body intergovernmental political organisation.the united nations formally endorsed creation ipcc citing fact certain human activities could change global climate patterns threatening present future generations potentially severe economic social consequences continued growth atmospheric concentrations greenhouse gases could produce global warming eventual rise sea levels effects could disastrous mankind timely steps taken levels.end ipcc tasked reviewing peerreviewed scientific literature relevant publications provide information state knowledge climate change consequences impacts.organization ipcc conduct original research produces comprehensive assessments reports special topics methodologies based on.assessments build previous reports highlighting trajectory towards latest knowledge example wording reports first fifth assessment reflects growing evidence changing climate caused human activity.the ipcc adopted published principles governing ipcc work states ipcc assessthe risk humaninduced climate changeits potential impacts andpossible options prevention.pursuant governing principles ipcc conducts assessments comprehensive objective open transparent basis encompasses scientific technical socioeconomic information relevant understanding scientific basis climate change.ipcc reports must neutral respect policy recommendations may address objective scientific technical socioeconomic factors relevant enacting certain policies.the ipcc currently chaired korean economist hoesung lee served since october election new ipcc bureau along three vicechairs youba sokona mali ko barrett usa thelma krug brazil. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | election ipcc led vicechair ismail el gizouli designated acting chair resignation rajendra k. pachauri february .previous chairs rajendra k. pachauri elected may robert watson bert bolin .chair assisted elected bureau including vicechairs working group cochairs secretariat.the panel composed representatives appointed governments.participation delegates appropriate expertise encouraged.plenary sessions ipcc ipcc working groups held level government representatives. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | nongovernmental intergovernmental organizations admitted observer organizations may also attend.sessions panel ipcc bureau workshops expert lead authors meetings invitation only.people countries attended th session panel incheon republic korea october including government officials representatives observer organizations.opening ceremonies sessions panel lead author meetings open media otherwise ipcc meetings closed.the ipcc structured followsipcc panel meets plenary session year.controls organizations structure procedures work programme accepts approves ipcc reports. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | panel ipcc corporate entity.chair elected panel.secretariat oversees manages activities.supported unep wmo.bureau elected panel.chaired chair.members include ipcc vicechairs cochairs working groups task force vicechairs working groups.provides guidance panel scientific technical aspects work.working groups two cochairs one developed one developing world technical support unit. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | sessions working group approve summary policymakers special reports working group contributions assessment report.working group bureau comprising cochairs vicechairs also members ipcc bureau.working group assesses scientific aspects climate system climate change.cochairs valérie massondelmotte panmao zhaiworking group ii assesses vulnerability socioeconomic natural systems climate change consequences adaptation options.cochairs hansotto pörtner debra robertsworking group iii assesses options limiting greenhouse gas emissions otherwise mitigating climate change.cochairs priyadarshi r. shukla jim skeatask force national greenhouse gas inventories. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | cochairs kiyoto tanabe eduardo calvo buendíatask force bureau comprises two cochairs also members ipcc bureau members.executive committee comprises chair ipcc vicechairs cochairs working groups task force.role includes addressing urgent issues arise sessions panel.funding ipcc receives funding dedicated trust fund established united nations environment programme unep world meteorological organization wmo.trust fund receives annual cash contributions wmo unep ipcc member governments payments voluntary set amount required.administrative operational costs secretariat headquarters provided wmo also sets ipccs financial regulations rules. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | panel responsible considering adopting consensus annual budget.assessment reports ipcc published five comprehensive assessment reports reviewing latest climate science well number special reports particular topics.reports prepared teams relevant researchers selected bureau government nominations.expert reviewers wide range governments ipcc observer organizations organizations invited different stages comment various aspects drafts.the ipcc published first assessment report far supplementary report second assessment report sar third assessment report tar fourth assessment report ar fifth assessment report ar .ipcc currently preparing sixth assessment report ar released stages completed .each assessment report three volumes corresponding working groups ii iii. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | completed synthesis report integrates working group contributions special reports produced assessment cycle.scope preparation reports ipcc carry research monitor climate related data.lead authors ipcc reports assess available information climate change based published sources.according ipcc guidelines authors give priority peerreviewed sources.authors may refer nonpeerreviewed sources grey literature provided sufficient quality. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | examples nonpeerreviewed sources include model results reports government agencies nongovernmental organizations industry journals.subsequent ipcc report notes areas science improved since previous report also notes areas research required.there generally three stages review processexpert review – weeksgovernmentexpert reviewgovernment review ofsummaries policymakersoverview chapterssynthesis reportreview comments open archive least five years.there several types endorsement documents receiveapproval.material subjected detailed line line discussion agreement.working group summaries policymakers approved working groups.synthesis report summary policymakers approved panel.adoption.endorsed section section line line.panel adopts overview chapters methodology reports.panel adopts ipcc synthesis report.acceptance.subject line line discussion agreement presents comprehensive objective balanced view subject matter.working groups accept reports.task force reports accepted panel.working group summaries policymakers accepted panel group approval.the panel responsible ipcc endorsement reports allows ensure meet ipcc standards.there range commentaries ipccs procedures examples discussed later article see also ipcc summary policymakers. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | comments supportive others critical.commentators suggested changes ipccs procedures.authors chapter number authors responsible writing editing material.chapter typically two coordinating lead authors ten fifteen lead authors somewhat larger number contributing authors.coordinating lead authors responsible assembling contributions authors ensuring meet stylistic formatting requirements reporting working group chairs. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | lead authors responsible writing sections chapters.contributing authors prepare text graphs data inclusion lead authors.authors ipcc reports chosen list researchers prepared governments participating organisations working grouptask force bureaux well experts known published work.choice authors aims range views expertise geographical representation ensuring representation experts developing developed countries countries economies transition.first assessment report second assessment report third assessment report fourth assessment report fifth assessment report sixth assessment report archiving papers electronic files certain working groups ipcc including reviews comments drafts assessment reports archived environmental science public policy archives harvard library.reports special reports addition climate assessment reports ipcc publishes special reports specific topics. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | preparation approval process ipcc special reports follows procedures ipcc assessment reports.year two ipcc special report finalized special report renewable energy sources climate change mitigation srren special report managing risks extreme events disasters advance climate change adaptation srex.special reports requested governments.special report emissions scenarios sres special report emissions scenarios sres report ipcc published .sres contains scenarios future changes emissions greenhouse gases sulfur dioxide. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | one uses sres scenarios project future changes climate e.g.changes global mean temperature.sres scenarios used ipccs third fourth assessment reports.the sres scenarios baseline reference scenarios means take account current future measures limit greenhouse gas ghg emissions e.g.kyoto protocol united nations framework convention climate change.sres emissions projections broadly comparable range baseline projections developed scientific community. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | comments sres number comments sres.parson et al.stated sres represented substantial advance prior scenarios.time criticisms sres.the prominently publicized criticism sres focused fact one participating models compared gross domestic product gdp across regions using market exchange rates mer instead correct purchasingpower parity ppp approach.criticism discussed main sres article. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | special report renewable energy sources climate change mitigation srren report assesses existing literature renewable energy commercialisation mitigation climate change.published covers six important renewable energy technologies transition well integration present future energy systems.also takes consideration environmental social consequences associated technologies cost strategies overcome technical well nontechnical obstacles application diffusion.more authors world contributed preparation ipcc special report renewable energy sources climate change mitigation srren voluntary basis – mention scientists served contributing authors.special report managing risks extreme events disasters advance climate change adaptation srex report published .assesses effect climate change threat natural disasters nations better manage expected change frequency occurrence intensity severe weather patterns. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | aims become resource decisionmakers prepare effectively managing risks events.potentially important area consideration also detection trends extreme events attribution trends human influence.full report pages length may found pdf form.more authors review editors contributing authors world contributed preparation srex.special report global warming .°c sr paris agreement adopted unfccc invited intergovernmental panel climate change write special report humanity prevent global temperature rise . |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | degrees preindustrial level.completed report special report global warming .°c sr released october .full title global warming .°c ipcc special report impacts global warming . |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | °c preindustrial levels related global greenhouse gas emission pathways context strengthening global response threat climate change sustainable development efforts eradicate poverty.the finished report summarizes findings scientists showing maintaining temperature rise .°c remains possible rapid farreaching transitions energy land urban infrastructure... industrial systems.meeting paris target .°c .°f possible would require deep emissions reductions rapid farreaching unprecedented changes aspects society. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | order achieve .°c target co emissions must decline relative levels reaching net zero around .deep reductions nonco emissions nitrous oxide methane also required limit warming .°c.pledges countries entering paris accord sharp rise . |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | .°c still expected occur .holding rise .°c avoids worst effects rise even °c.however warming even . |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | degrees still result largescale drought famine heat stress species dieoff loss entire ecosystems loss habitable land throwing million poverty.effects drastic arid regions including middle east sahel africa fresh water remain areas following .°c rise temperatures expected dry completely rise reaches °c.special report climate change land srccl final draft special report climate change land srccl—with full title special report climate change desertification land degradation sustainable land management food security greenhouse gas fluxes terrestrial ecosystems published online august .special report ocean cryosphere changing climate srocc special report ocean cryosphere changing climate srocc approved september monaco. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | among findings report concluded sea level rises could two feet higher year even efforts reduce greenhouse gas emissions limit global warming successful coastal cities across world could see socalled storms century least year.methodology reports within ipcc national greenhouse gas inventory program develops methodologies estimate emissions greenhouse gases.undertaken since ipcc wgi close collaboration organisation economic cooperation development international energy agency.the objectives national greenhouse gas inventory program areto develop refine internationally agreed methodology software calculation reporting national greenhouse gas emissions removals andto encourage widespread use methodology countries participating ipcc signatories unfccc.revised ipcc guidelines national greenhouse gas inventories guidelines national greenhouse gas inventories provide methodological basis estimation national greenhouse gas emissions inventories.time guidelines completed good practice reports good practice guidance uncertainty management national greenhouse gas inventories good practice guidance land use landuse change forestry.the guidelines two good practice reports used parties unfccc kyoto protocol annual submissions national greenhouse gas inventories. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | ipcc guidelines national greenhouse gas inventories ipcc guidelines national greenhouse gas inventories latest version emission estimation methodologies including large number default emission factors.although ipcc prepared new version guidelines request parties unfccc methods yet officially accepted use national greenhouse gas emissions reporting unfccc kyoto protocol.activities ipcc concentrates activities tasks allotted relevant wmo executive council unep governing council resolutions decisions well actions support unfccc process.preparation assessment reports major ipcc function also supports activities data distribution centre national greenhouse gas inventories programme required unfccc.involves publishing default emission factors factors used derive emissions estimates based levels fuel consumption industrial production on.the ipcc also often answers inquiries unfccc subsidiary body scientific technological advice sbsta. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | awards nobel peace prize december ipcc awarded nobel peace prize efforts build disseminate greater knowledge manmade climate change lay foundations measures needed counteract change.award shared former u.s. vicepresident al gore work climate change documentary inconvenient truth.criticism widespread support ipcc scientific community reflected publications scientific bodies experts however critiques ipcc made.since ipcc come yet unparalleled public political scrutiny.global ipcc consensus approach challenged internally externally example climatic research unit email controversy climategate.contested information monopoly results quality impact ipcc work such. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | conservative nature ipcc reports critics contended ipcc reports tend conservative consistently underestimating pace impacts global warming report lowest common denominator findings.on eve publication ipccs fourth assessment report another study published suggesting temperatures sea levels rising maximum rates proposed ipccs third assessment report.study compared ipcc projections temperature sea level change observations.six years studied actual temperature rise near top end range given ipccs projection actual sea level rise top range ipcc projection.another example scientific research suggests previous estimates ipcc far overstating dangers risks actually understated study projected rises sea levels.researchers analysis applied possible scenarios outlined intergovernmental panel climate change ipcc researchers found sea levels would .–.– cm levels. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | values much greater – cm projected ipcc third assessment report published .may due part expanding human understanding climate.greg holland national center atmospheric research reviewed multimeter sea level rise study jim hansen noted doubt sea level rise within ipcc conservative number truth lies somewhere ipcc jim.in reporting criticism scientists ipccs thenimpending january report understates certain risks particularly sea level rises ap story quoted stefan rahmstorf professor physics oceanography potsdam university saying way one strengths ipcc conservative cautious overstate climate change risk.in december book hell high water global warming interview fox news january energy expert joseph romm noted ipcc fourth assessment report already date omits recent observations factors contributing global warming release greenhouse gases thawing tundra.political influence ipcc documented release memo exxonmobil bush administration effects ipccs leadership.memo led strong bush administration lobbying evidently behest exxonmobil oust robert watson climate scientist ipcc chairmanship replaced rajendra pachauri seen time mildmannered industryfriendly.procedures michael oppenheimer longtime participant ipcc coordinating lead author fifth assessment report conceded science magazines state planet – limitations ipcc consensus approach asks concurring smaller assessments special problems instead large scale approach previous ipcc assessment reports.become important provide broader exploration uncertainties. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | others see well mixed blessings drive consensus within ipcc process ask include dissenting minority positions improve statements uncertainties.the ipcc process climate change efficiency success compared dealings environmental challenges compare ozone depletion global warming.case ozone depletion global regulation based montreal protocol successful.case climate change kyoto protocol failed.ozone case used assess efficiency ipcc process.the lockstep situation ipcc built broad science consensus states governments still follow different opposing goals.underlying linear model policymaking knowledge better political response doubted.according sheldon ungars comparison global warming actors ozone depletion case better understanding scientific ignorance uncertainties. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | ozone case communicated lay persons easytounderstand bridging metaphors derived popular culture related immediate risks everyday relevance public opinion climate change sees imminent danger.stepwise mitigation ozone layer challenge based well successfully reducing regional burden sharing conflicts.case ipcc conclusions failure kyoto protocol varying regional costbenefit analysis burdensharing conflicts regard distribution emission reductions remain unsolved problem.uk report house lords committee asked urge ipcc involve better assessments costs benefits climate change stern review ordered uk government made stronger argument favor combat humanmade climate change.outdatedness reports since ipcc carry research operates basis scientific papers independently documented results scientific bodies schedule producing reports requires deadline submissions prior reports final release. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | principle means significant new evidence events change understanding climate science deadline publication ipcc report cannot included.area science scientific understanding rapidly changing raised serious shortcoming body widely regarded ultimate authority science.however generally steady evolution key findings levels scientific confidence one assessment report next.the submission deadlines fourth assessment report ar differed reports working group.deadlines working group report adjusted drafting review process order ensure reviewers access unpublished material cited authors.final deadline cited publications july . |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | final wg report released april final ar synthesis report released november .rajendra pachauri ipcc chair admitted launch report since ipcc began work scientists recorded much stronger trends climate change like unforeseen dramatic melting polar ice summer added means better start intervention much earlier.burden participating scientists scientists participate ipcc assessment process without compensation normal salaries receive home institutions.process laborintensive diverting time resources participating scientists research programs.concerns raised large uncompensated time commitment disruption research may discourage qualified scientists participating.lack error correction publication may pachauri noted ipcc currently process responding errors flaws issued report. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | problem according pachauri report issued panels scientists producing reports disbanded.proposed organizational overhaul february response controversies regarding claims fourth assessment report five climate scientists – contributing lead ipcc report authors – wrote journal nature calling changes ipcc.suggested range new organizational options tightening selection lead authors contributors dumping favor small permanent body even turning whole climate science assessment process moderated living wikipediaipcc.recommendations included panel employ fulltime staff remove government oversight processes avoid political interference.reframing scientific research report lies beneath breakthrough – national centre climate restoration urges ipcc wider unfccc negotiations national policy makers change approach. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | authors note urgently require reframing scientific research within existential riskmanagement framework.reviews interacademy council review march invitation united nations secretarygeneral chair ipcc interacademy council iac asked review ipccs processes developing reports.iac panel chaired harold tafler shapiro convened may released report september .the iac found ipcc assessment process successful overall.panel however made seven formal recommendations improving ipccs assessment process includingestablish executive committeeelect executive director whose term would last one assessmentencourage review editors ensure reviewer comments adequately considered genuine controversies adequately reflected assessment reportsadopt better process responding reviewer commentsworking groups use qualitative levelofunderstanding scale summary policy makers technical summaryquantitative probabilities likelihood scale used describe probability welldefined outcomes sufficient evidence andimplement communications plan emphasizes transparency establish guidelines speak behalf organization.the panel also advised ipcc avoid appearing advocate specific policies response scientific conclusions.commenting iac report nature news noted proposals met largely favourable response climate researchers eager move media scandals credibility challenges rocked united nations body past nine months. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | endorsements various scientific bodies issued official statements endorsing concurring findings ipcc.joint science academies statement .work intergovernmental panel climate change ipcc represents consensus international scientific community climate change science.recognise ipcc worlds reliable source information climate change causes endorse method achieving consensus.canadian foundation climate atmospheric sciences.concur climate science assessment intergovernmental panel climate change ipcc ... endorse conclusions ipcc assessment...canadian meteorological oceanographic society.cmos endorses process periodic climate science assessment carried intergovernmental panel climate change supports conclusion third assessment report states balance evidence suggests discernible human influence global climate.european geosciences union. |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | intergovernmental panel climate change ... main representative global scientific community ... .ipcc third assessment report ... represents stateoftheart climate science supported major science academies around world vast majority scientific researchers investigations documented peerreviewed scientific literature.international council science icsu....the ipcc th assessment report represents comprehensive international scientific assessment ever conducted.assessment reflects current collective knowledge climate system evolution date anticipated future development.national oceanic atmospheric administration us.internationally intergovernmental panel climate change ipcc... senior authoritative body providing scientific advice global policy makers.united states national research council. |
Sika deer | ipcc third assessment report conclusion observed warming last years likely due increase greenhouse gas concentrations accurately reflects current thinking scientific community issue.network african science academies.ipcc congratulated contribution made public understanding nexus exists energy climate sustainability.royal meteorological society response release fourth assessment report referred ipcc worlds best climate scientists.stratigraphy commission geological society london.authoritative assessment climate change near future provided intergovernmental panel climate change.see also united nations framework convention climate change – international environmental treatykyoto protocol – international treaty reduce greenhouse gas emissionsintergovernmental sciencepolicy platform biodiversity ecosystem services – towards scienceled government policypost–kyoto protocol negotiations greenhouse gas emissions – towards multilateral commitments references citations sources external links official website ipcc data distribution centre climate data guidance use.previously found northern vietnam south russian far east north uncommon except japan species overabundant.etymology name comes shika 鹿 japanese word deer.japan species known nihonjika ニホンジカ 日本鹿 japan deer.chinese known 梅花鹿 méihuālù plum blossom deer.taxonomy sika deer member genus cervus group deer also known true deer. |
Sika deer | formerly sika grouped together genus nine species.sika red deer remain latter divided three separate species european red deer central asian red deer american elk though remains controversial.recent dna evidence indicates deer closely related previously thought resulting creation new species genera.genera rucervus rusa przewalskium former cervus species belong.ancestor cervus species probably originated central asia resembled sika deer.cervus species crossbreed produce hybrids areas coexist example introduced sika hybridize native red deer scottish highlands serious threat gene pool red deer population. |
Sika deer | subspecies serious genetic pollution occurred many populations especially china status many subspecies remains unclear.status c. n. hortulorum particularly uncertain might fact mixed origin hence listed here.c.n. aplodontus northern honshuc.n. grassianus shanxi chinac.n. keramae kerama islands ryukyu islands japanc. |
Sika deer | n. kopschi southern chinac.n. mandarinus northern northeastern chinac.n. mantchuricus northeastern china korea russian far eastc.n. nippon southern honshu shikoku kyushuc.n. pseudaxis northern vietnamc. |
Sika deer | n. pulchellus tsushima islandc.n. sichuanicus western chinac.n. sintikuensis taiwanc.n. soloensis southern philippines anciently introduced jolo island unknown subspecies origin probably extinctc.n. taiouanus taiwanc. |
Sika deer | n. yakushimae yakushima japanc.n. yesoensis hokkaido japan description sika deer one deer species lose spots upon reaching maturity.spot patterns vary region.mainland subspecies larger obvious spots contrast taiwanese japanese subspecies whose spots nearly invisible.many introduced populations japan also lack significant spots.the color pelage ranges mahogany black white individuals also known. |
Sika deer | winter coat becomes darker shaggier spots less prominent mane forms back males necks.mediumsized herbivores though show notable size variation across several subspecies considerable sexual dimorphism males invariably much larger females.vary cm tall shoulder cm headandbody length.tail measures .– cm – long.the largest subspecies manchurian sika deer c. n. mantchuricus males commonly weigh – kg – lb females weigh – kg – lb large stags scaling kg lb although records yezo sika deer bulls weighing kg lb.end size spectrum japanese sika deer c. n. nippon males weigh – kg – lb females weigh – kg – lb. |
Sika deer | sikas compact daintylegged short trim wedgeshaped heads boisterous disposition.alarmed often display distinctive flared rump much like american elk.sika stags stout upright antlers extra buttress brow tine thick wall.forwardfacing intermediate tine breaks line top usually forked.occasionally sika antlers develop palmation flat areas.females carry pair distinctive black bumps forehead. |
Sika deer | antlers range cm ⁄ cm depending subspecies.stags also distinctive manes mating period rut.behavior sika deer active throughout day though areas heavy human disturbance tend nocturnal.seasonal migration known occur mountainous areas japan winter ranges ft lower elevation summer ranges.lifestyles vary individuals occurring alone others found singlesex groups.large herds gather autumn winter. |
Sika deer | males spend years alone occasionally forming herds together.females fawns form herds birthing season.sika deer highly vocal species individual sounds ranging soft whistles loud screams.sika males territorial keep harems females rut peaks early september november may last well winter.territory size varies habitat type size buck strong prime bucks may hold two hectares five acres.territories marked series shallow pits scrapes digging holes .m wide .m deep forefeet antlers males urinate emanates strong musky odor. |
Sika deer | fights rival males territorial disputes occur using hooves antlers sometimes fierce long may even fatal.the gestation period lasts months.hinds give birth single fawn weighing .kg lb nursed ten months.mother hides fawn thick undergrowth immediately giving birth fawn stays quiet still waits mother returns nurse it.fawn becomes independent months birth attains sexual maturity months sexes. |
Sika deer | average lifespan years captivity although one case recorded living years months.the sika deer may interbreed red deer closest relative hybrid descendants may adaptive advantages purebred relatives.in nara prefecture japan deer also known bowing deer bow heads fed special shika senbei 鹿せんべい called deer cookies.however deer bow heads signal headbutt.therefore human bows deer deer may take challenge assume stance charging attempting headbutt person.deer headbutt play assert dominance goats.sika deer found throughout city nara many parks temples like tōdaiji considered messengers shinto gods. |
Sika deer | habitat sika deer found temperate subtropical forests eastern asia preferring areas dense understory snowfall exceed – cm – in.tend forage patchy clearings forests.introduced populations found areas similar habitats native ranges including western central europe eastern united states new zealand.population sika deer inhabit temperate subtropical woodlands often areas suitable farming human exploitation.range encompasses densely populated areas world forests cleared hundreds years ago. |
Sika deer | population status varies significantly different countries.although species whole thriving endangered extinct many areas.japan far largest native sika population world.though exact population uncertain likely hundred thousand range still increasing mainly due recent conservation efforts extinction main predator japanese wolf canis lupus hodophilax century ago.without main predator population sika exploded overpopulated many areas posing threat forests farmlands.efforts made control population instead conserving it. |
Sika deer | none subspecies endangered except kerama deer c. n. keramae tiny kerama islands.in japanese ministry environment estimated population japan including hokkaido.china used largest population sika thousands years hunting habitat loss reduced population less .five subspecies china north china sika deer c. n. mandarinus believed extinct wild since shanxi sika deer c. n. grassianus seen wild since also believed extinct wild.status manchurian sika deer china unclear though also believed extinct sightings actually feral populations.the south china sika deer c. n. kopschi sichuan sika deer c. n. sichuanicus subspecies known remain wild.former exists fragmented populations around southeast china latter found single population .feral population likely much higher wild though descended domesticated sikas mixed subspecies. |
Sika deer | subspecies present captivity lack suitable habitats government efforts prevent reintroduction.the formosan sika deer c. n. taioanus extinct wild almost two decades individuals zoos introduced kenting national park population numbers .reintroduction programs also way vietnam vietnamese sika deer c. n. pseudaxis extinct nearly so.russia relatively large stable population – individuals manchurian subspecies limited small area primorsky krai.small populations might exist north korea political situation makes investigation impossible.species extinct south korea plans reintroduction.introduced populations sika deer introduced number countries including estonia latvia lithuania austria belgium denmark france germany ireland netherlands norway switzerland russia romania new zealand australia philippines jolo island poland sweden finland canada united kingdom united states delaware kansas maryland oklahoma nebraska pennsylvania wisconsin virginia indiana michigan minnesota maine texas wyoming washington. |
Sika deer | many cases originally introduced ornamental animals parklands established wild.spieden island san juan islands washington introduced game animal.in uk ireland several distinct feral populations exist.isolated areas example island lundy others contiguous populations native red deer.since two species sometimes hybridize serious conservation concern exists.research rated negative impact introduced mammals europe sika deer found among damaging environment economy along brown rat muskrat.in king edward vii presented pair sika deer john second baron montagu beaulieu. |
Sika deer | pair escaped sowley wood basis sika found new forest today.prolific culling introduced control numbers.hunting across original range many areas introduced sika regarded particularly prized elusive sportsmans quarry.britain ireland mainland europe sika display different survival strategies escape tactics indigenous deer.marked tendency use concealment circumstances red deer example would flee seen squat lie bellyflat danger threatens.in british isles sika widely regarded serious threat new established woodlands public private forestry bodies adopt policies rigorous yearround culling.the main predators sika deer include tigers wolves leopards brown bears. |
Sika deer | lynx golden eagles target fawns.velvet antler velvet antler dried immature antlers popular ingredient traditional chinese medicine sika china domesticated long ago antler trade along several species.taiwan formosan sika deer formosan sambar deer cervus unicolor swinhoei farmed velvet antlers.japan country eastern asia sika deer farmed velvet antlers.other deer raised antler trade thorolds deer cervus albirostris central asian red deer cervus canadensis affinis american elk cervus canadensis canadensis.see also deer great britainnara park references cervus nippon. |
Sika deer | integrated taxonomic information system.retrieved february .igota h. sakagura m. uno h. kaji k. maneko m. akamatsu r. maekawa press.seasonal patterns female sika deer eastern hokkaidō japan.ecological research .reading obrien d.j. |
Sika deer | rooney s.m.hayden t.j. .differential vulnerability hunting sexes sikatype calves.i. nat.j. . |
Affiliate marketing | external links data related cervus nippon wikispeciesnaras sika deer official nara travel guidehunting sika new zealandsika deer huntingsika deer new zealand distribution.search engines email web site syndication capture much attention online retailers affiliate marketing carries much lower profile.still affiliates continue play significant role eretailers marketing strategies.history origin concept revenue sharing—paying commission referred business—predates affiliate marketing internet.translation revenue share principles mainstream ecommerce happened november almost four years origination world wide web.the concept affiliate marketing internet conceived put practice patented william j. tobin founder pc flowers gifts.launched prodigy network pc flowers gifts remained service . |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.