title stringlengths 1 105 | content stringlengths 5 58.1k |
|---|---|
Coup d'état | pronunciamiento formal explanation deposing regnant government justifying installation new government affected golpe de estado.barracks revolt cuartelazo also term military revolt spanish term cuartel quarter barracks.specific military garrisons sparking factor larger military revolt government.one author makes distinc... |
Coup d'état | appropriate term subjective carries normative analytical political implications.prevalence history according clayton thyne jonathan powells coup data set coup attempts .successful .unsuccessful.find coups common africa americas . |
Coup d'état | .respectively.asia middle east experienced ..total global coups respectively. |
Coup d'état | europe experienced far fewest coup attempts .. coup attempts occurred mids also large numbers coup attempts mids early s. majority coups failed middle east latin america.somewhat higher chance success africa asia.numbers successful coups decreased time.outcomes study categorizes four possible outcomes coups dictatorshi... |
Coup d'état | onethird coups dictatorships cold war later ones reshuffled regime leadership.democracies installed wake cold war coups dictatorships postcold war ones.coups occurring postcold war period likely result democratic systems precold war coups though coups still mostly perpetuate authoritarianism.coups occur civil wars shor... |
Coup d'état | factors divided multiple categories two categories threat military interests support military interests.interests go either direction military find either capitalizing power attempting gain back.coup trap cumulative number coups strong predictor future coups.phenomenon called coup trap.study latin american countries fo... |
Coup d'état | regime type polarization hybrid regimes vulnerable coups authoritarian states democratic states.study found democratic regimes substantially likely experience coups.study finds terrorism strongly associated reshuffling coups.study finds ethnic component coups leaders attempt build ethnic armies dismantle created predec... |
Coup d'état | third study finds coups become likely wake elections autocracies results reveal electoral weakness incumbent autocrat.fourth study finds inequality social classes increases likelihood coups.fifth study finds evidence coups contagious one coup region make coups region likely follow.one study found coups likely occur sta... |
Coup d'état | authors study provide following logic autocratic incumbents invested spatial rivalries need strengthen military order compete foreign adversary.imperative developing strong army puts dictators paradoxical situation compete rival state must empower agency—the military—that likely threaten survival office.however two stu... |
Coup d'état | study argued militaries dissuaded staging coups feared un would longer enlist military peacekeeping missions.a separate study found presence military academies linked coups.authors argue military academies make easier military officers plan coups schools build networks among military officers.economy development resour... |
Coup d'état | coupproofing referred coupproofing regimes create structures make hard small group seize power.coupproofing strategies may include strategic placing family ethnic religious groups military creation armed force parallel regular military development multiple internal security agencies overlapping jurisdiction constantly ... |
Coup d'état | succession rules believed hamper coordination efforts among coup plotters assuaging elites gain patience plotting.according political scientists curtis bell jonathan powell coup attempts neighbouring countries lead greater coupproofing couprelated repression region.study finds countries coupproofing strategies heavily ... |
Coup d'état | authors argue coup attempts consequence leaders successful coups incentives democratize quickly order establish political legitimacy economic growth leaders stay power failed coup attempts see sign must enact meaningful reforms remain power.study found postcold war coups successful.authors argue may due incentives crea... |
Coup d'état | supported external democratic actors coup leaders incentive push elections retain external support consolidate domestic legitimacy.condemned coup leaders apt trend toward authoritarianism assure survival.according legal scholar ilya somin coup forcibly overthrow democratic government might sometimes justified.he wrotet... |
Coup d'état | prevent desperate countercoup may successful initial attempt governments usually resort firing prominent officers replacing loyalists instead.some research suggests increased repression violence typically follow successful unsuccessful coup attempts.however tentative analysis political scientist jay ulfelder finds clea... |
Coup d'état | third study finds western states react strongest coups possible democratic human rights abuses.study shows international donor community postcold war period penalizes coups reducing foreign aid.us inconsistent applying aid sanctions coups cold war postcold war periods likely consequence geopolitical interests.organizat... |
Internet security | current leaders assumed power via coups see also references reading external links dictionary definition coup détat wiktionary media related coups détat wikimedia commonsjohn j. chin david b. carter joseph g. wright.dataset military nonmilitary coup attempts world since .powell jonathan clayton thyne.global instances c... |
Internet security | term badware applies malware unintentionally harmful software.a botnet network computers taken robot bot performs largescale malicious acts creator.computer viruses programs replicate structures effects infecting files structures computer.typical purpose virus take computer steal data.computer worms programs replicate ... |
Internet security | works making many service requests system overwhelmed becomes unable process them.dos may target cloud computing systems.according business participants international security survey respondents experienced dos attack another ..dos attacks often use bots botnet carry attack. |
Internet security | phishing phishing targets online users attempt extract sensitive information passwords financial information.phishing occurs attacker pretends trustworthy entity either via email web page.victims directed web pages appear legitimate instead route information attackers.tactics email spoofing attempt make emails appear l... |
Internet security | billion .application vulnerabilities applications used access internet resources may contain security vulnerabilities memory safety bugs flawed authentication checks.bugs give network attackers full control computer.a widespread webbrowser application vulnerability crossorigin resource sharing cors vulnerability maximu... |
Internet security | internet protocol security ipsec ipsec designed protect tcpip communication secure manner.set security extensions developed internet engineering task force ietf.provides security authentication ip layer transforming data using encryption.two main types transformation form basis ipsec authentication header ah esp.provid... |
Internet security | protocols used alone combination.basic components includesecurity protocols ah espsecurity association policy management traffic processingmanual automatic key management internet key exchange ikealgorithms authentication encryptionthe algorithm allows sets work independently without affecting parts implementation.ipse... |
Internet security | security token online sites offer customers ability use sixdigit code randomly changes every – seconds physical security token.token builtin computations manipulates numbers based current time.means every thirty seconds certain array numbers validate access.website made aware devices serial number knows computation cor... |
Internet security | electronic mail security background email messages composed delivered stored multiple step process starts messages composition.message sent transformed standard format according rfc .using network connection mail client sends senders identity recipient list message content server.server receives information forwards me... |
Internet security | email messages protected using cryptography various ways followingdigitally signing message ensure integrity confirm senders identity.encrypting message body email message ensure confidentiality.encrypting communications mail servers protect confidentiality message body message header.the first two methods message sign... |
Internet security | method outputs mac value decrypted receiver using secret key used sender.message authentication code protects messages data integrity well authenticity.firewalls computer firewall controls access single computer.network firewall controls access entire network.firewall security device — computer hardware software — filt... |
Internet security | generally consists gateways filters.firewalls also screen network traffic block traffic deemed unauthorized.web security firewalls restrict incoming outgoing network packets.authorized traffic allowed pass it.firewalls create checkpoints networks computers. |
Internet security | firewalls block traffic based ip source tcp port number.also serve platform ipsec.using tunnel mode firewalls implement vpns.firewalls also limit network exposure hiding internal network public internet.types firewall packet filter packet filter processes network traffic packetbypacket basis. |
Internet security | main job filter traffic remote ip host router needed connect internal network internet.router known screening router screens packets leaving entering network.stateful packet inspection stateful firewall circuitlevel gateway proxy server operates network level open systems interconnect osi model statically defines traff... |
Internet security | applicationlevel gateway applicationlevel firewall third generation firewall proxy server operates top osi model ip suite application level.network packet forwarded connection established using known protocol.applicationlevel gateways notable analyzing entire messages rather individual packets.browser choice web browse... |
Internet security | protections antivirus antivirus software protect programmable device detecting eliminating malware.variety techniques used signaturebased heuristics rootkit realtime.password managers password manager software application creates stores provides passwords applications.password managers encrypt passwords.user needs reme... |
Internet security | security suites security suites first offered sale mcafee contain firewalls antivirus antispyware components.also offer theft protection portable storage device safety check private internet browsing cloud antispam file shredder make securityrelated decisions answering popup windows several free charge.history national... |
World Wide Web | compatible various switching networks capable resetting electronically one irreversible nonlinear algorithms directed card data information.atalla introduced first network security processor nsp.see also references external links national institute standards technology nist.gov information technology portal links compu... |
World Wide Web | world wide web central development information age primary tool billions people use interact internet.web resources may type downloaded media web pages hypertext documents formatted hypertext markup language html.special html syntax displays embedded hyperlinks urls permits users navigate web resources.addition text we... |
World Wide Web | websites provided myriad informative entertainment commercial governmental reasons.history underlying concept hypertext originated previous projects hypertext editing system hes brown university ted nelsons project xanadu douglas engelbarts online system nls.nelson engelbart turn inspired vannevar bushs microfilmbased ... |
World Wide Web | march submitted memorandum titled information management proposal management cern system called mesh referenced enquire database software project built used term web described elaborate information management system based links embedded text imagine references document associated network address thing referred reading ... |
World Wide Web | rssatom.the proposal modelled sgml reader dynatext electronic book technology spinoff institute research information scholarship brown university.dynatext system licensed cern key player extension sgml iso hypermedia within hytime considered expensive inappropriate licensing policy use general high energy physics commu... |
World Wide Web | jones stored magnetooptical drive next computer.august bernerslee published short summary world wide web project newsgroup alt.hypertext.date sometimes confused public availability first web servers occurred months earlier.another example confusion news media reported first photo web published bernerslee image cern hou... |
World Wide Web | one took invitation finally assumed project himself.process developed three essential technologiesa system globally unique identifiers resources web elsewhere universal document identifier udi later known uniform resource locator url uniform resource identifier urithe publishing language hypertext markup language htmlt... |
World Wide Web | april cern announced world wide web would free anyone fees due.coming two months announcement server implementation gopher protocol longer free use produced rapid shift away gopher toward web.early popular web browser violawww unix x window system.the web began enter general use – websites everyday use started become a... |
World Wide Web | release mosaic graphics commonly mixed text web pages web less popular older protocols gopher wide area information servers wais.mosaics graphical user interface allowed web become far popular protocol internet.world wide web consortium wc founded tim bernerslee left european organization nuclear research cern october ... |
World Wide Web | motivated international standards development protocols formatting.bernerslee continued stay involved guiding development web standards markup languages compose web pages advocated vision semantic web.world wide web enabled spread information internet easytouse flexible format.thus played important role popularising us... |
World Wide Web | web information space containing hyperlinked documents resources identified uris.implemented client server software using internet protocols tcpip http.bernerslee knighted queen elizabeth ii services global development internet.never patented invention.function terms internet world wide web often used without much dist... |
World Wide Web | internet global system computer networks interconnected telecommunications optical networking.contrast world wide web global collection documents resources linked hyperlinks uris.web resources accessed using http https applicationlevel internet protocols use internets transport protocols.viewing web page world wide web... |
World Wide Web | early studies new behavior investigated user patterns using web browsers.one study example found five user patterns exploratory surfing window surfing evolved surfing bounded navigation targeted navigation.the following example demonstrates functioning web browser accessing page url httpexample.orghome.html.browser res... |
World Wide Web | requests service specific tcp port number well known http service receiving host distinguish http request network protocols may servicing.http normally uses port number https normally uses port number .content http request simple two lines textthe computer receiving http request delivers web server software listening r... |
World Wide Web | many web pages use html reference urls resources images embedded media scripts affect page behaviour cascading style sheets affect page layout.browser makes additional http requests web server internet media types.receives content web server browser progressively renders page onto screen specified html additional resou... |
World Wide Web | html describes structure web page semantically originally included cues appearance document.html elements building blocks html pages.html constructs images objects interactive forms may embedded rendered page.html provides means create structured documents denoting structural semantics text headings paragraphs lists li... |
World Wide Web | tags p surround provide information document text may include tags subelements.browsers display html tags use interpret content page.html embed programs written scripting language javascript affects behavior content web pages.inclusion css defines look layout content.world wide web consortium wc maintainer html css sta... |
World Wide Web | underlying html hyperlink looks like thisa hrefhttpexample.orghome.htmlexample.org homepageasuch collection useful related resources interconnected via hypertext links dubbed web information.publication internet created tim bernerslee first called worldwideweb original camelcase subsequently discarded november .the hyp... |
World Wide Web | internet archive active since best known efforts.www prefix many hostnames used world wide web begin www longstanding practice naming internet hosts according services provide.hostname web server often www way may ftp ftp server news nntp usenet news server.hostnames appear domain name system dns subdomain names use ww... |
World Wide Web | many established websites still use prefix employ subdomain names www secure en special purposes.many web servers set main domain name e.g.example.com www subdomain e.g.refer site others require one form may map different web sites.use subdomain name useful load balancing incoming web traffic creating cname record poin... |
World Wide Web | since currently subdomain used cname result cannot achieved using bare domain root.when user submits incomplete domain name web browser address bar input field web browsers automatically try adding prefix www beginning possibly .com .org .net end depending might missing.example entering microsoft may transformed http o... |
World Wide Web | english writer douglas adams quipped independent sunday world wide web thing know whose shortened form takes three times longer say short for.mandarin chinese world wide web commonly translated via phonosemantic matching wàn wéi wǎng 万维网 satisfies www literally means myriaddimensional net translation reflects design co... |
World Wide Web | indeed .com domain.scheme specifiers scheme specifiers http https start web uri refer hypertext transfer protocol http secure respectively.specify communication protocol use request response.http protocol fundamental operation world wide web added encryption layer https essential browsers send retrieve confidential dat... |
World Wide Web | pages web page also written webpage document suitable world wide web web browsers.web browser displays web page monitor mobile device.the term web page usually refers visible may also refer contents computer file usually text file containing hypertext written html comparable markup language.typical web pages provide hy... |
World Wide Web | web browser uses hypertext transfer protocol http make requests web server.a static web page delivered exactly stored web content web servers file system.contrast dynamic web page generated web application usually driven serverside software.dynamic web pages used user may require completely different information exampl... |
World Wide Web | serverside scripting parameters determine assembly every new web page proceeds including setting clientside processing.a clientside dynamic web page processes web page using javascript running browser.javascript programs interact document via document object model dom query page state alter it.clientside techniques dyn... |
World Wide Web | using ajax technologies end user gets one dynamic page managed single page web browser actual web content rendered page vary.ajax engine sits browser requesting parts dom dom client application server.dynamic html dhtml umbrella term technologies methods used create web pages static web pages though fallen common use s... |
World Wide Web | clientside script delivered page make additional http requests server either response user actions mouse movements clicks based elapsed time.servers responses used modify current page rather creating new page response server needs provide limited incremental information.multiple ajax requests handled time users interac... |
World Wide Web | notable examples wikipedia.org google.com amazon.com.a website may accessible via public internet protocol ip network internet private local area network lan referencing uniform resource locator url identifies site.websites many functions used various fashions website personal website corporate website company governme... |
World Wide Web | users application often web browser renders page content according html markup instructions onto display terminal.hyperlinking web pages conveys reader site structure guides navigation site often starts home page containing directory site web content.websites require user registration subscription access content.exampl... |
World Wide Web | connect websites server display pages user needs web browser program.program user runs download format display web page users computer.in addition allowing users find display move web pages web browser usually features like keeping bookmarks recording history managing cookies see home pages may facilities recording pas... |
World Wide Web | communication client server takes place using hypertext transfer protocol http.pages delivered frequently html documents may include images style sheets scripts addition text content.a user agent commonly web browser web crawler initiates communication making request specific resource using http server responds content... |
World Wide Web | usually function used generate html documents dynamically onthefly opposed returning static documents.former primarily used retrieving modifying information databases.latter typically much faster easily cached cannot deliver dynamic content.web servers also frequently found embedded devices printers routers webcams ser... |
World Wide Web | cookie http cookie also called web cookie internet cookie browser cookie simply cookie small piece data sent website stored users computer users web browser user browsing.cookies designed reliable mechanism websites remember stateful information items added shopping cart online store record users browsing activity incl... |
World Wide Web | security authentication cookie generally depends security issuing website users web browser whether cookie data encrypted.security vulnerabilities may allow cookies data read hacker used gain access user data used gain access users credentials website cookie belongs see crosssite scripting crosssite request forgery exa... |
World Wide Web | search results generally presented line results often referred search engine results pages serps.information may mix web pages images videos infographics articles research papers types files.search engines also mine data available databases open directories.unlike web directories maintained human editors search engines... |
World Wide Web | opposite term deep web surface web accessible anyone using internet.computer scientist michael k. bergman credited coining term deep web search indexing term.the content deep web hidden behind http forms includes many common uses web mail online banking services users must pay protected paywall video demand online maga... |
World Wide Web | web pages resources may contain expiration information control caching secure sensitive data online banking facilitate frequently updated sites news media.even sites highly dynamic content may permit basic resources refreshed occasionally.web site designers find worthwhile collate resources css data javascript sitewide... |
World Wide Web | security criminals web become venue spread malware engage range cybercrimes including limited identity theft fraud espionage intelligence gathering.webbased vulnerabilities outnumber traditional computer security concerns measured google one ten web pages may contain malicious code.webbased attacks take place legitimat... |
World Wide Web | ajax web design favours use scripts.today one estimate websites open xss attacks users.phishing another common threat web.february rsa security division emc estimated global losses phishing .billion . |
World Wide Web | two wellknown phishing methods covert redirect open redirect.proposed solutions vary.large security companies like mcafee already design governance compliance suites meet post regulations like finjan recommended active realtime inspection programming code content regardless source.argued enterprises see web security bu... |
World Wide Web | web servers usually log ip addresses log file.also unless set web browsers record requested web pages viewable history feature usually cache much content locally.unless serverbrowser communication uses https encryption web requests responses travel plain text across internet viewed recorded cached intermediate systems.... |
World Wide Web | webbased entities associate current web traffic individual.website uses http cookies username password authentication tracking techniques relate web visits identifiable information provided.way webbased organization develop build profile individual people use site sites.may able build record individual includes informa... |
World Wide Web | depending websites terms conditions local laws apply information profiles may sold shared passed organizations without user informed.many ordinary people means little unexpected emails inbox uncannily relevant advertising future web page.others mean time spent indulging unusual interest result deluge targeted marketing... |
World Wide Web | employers schools parents relatives may influenced aspects social networking profiles text posts digital photos posting individual intend audiences.online bullies may make use personal information harass stalk users.modern social networking websites allow finegrained control privacy settings posting complex easy find u... |
World Wide Web | due image caching mirroring copying difficult remove image world wide web.standards web standards include many interdependent standards specifications govern aspects internet world wide web.even webfocused standards directly indirectly affect development administration websites web services.considerations include inter... |
World Wide Web | crucial distinguish specifications development ones already reached final development status case wc specifications highest maturity level.accessibility methods accessing web alternative mediums formats facilitate use individuals disabilities.disabilities may visual auditory physical speechrelated cognitive neurologica... |
World Wide Web | world wide web consortium claims essential web accessible provide equal access equal opportunity people disabilities.tim bernerslee noted power web universality.access everyone regardless disability essential aspect.many countries regulate web accessibility requirement websites.international cooperation wc web accessib... |
World Wide Web | internationalisation wc internationalisation activity assures web technology works languages scripts cultures.beginning unicode gained ground eventually december surpassed ascii western european webs frequently used character encoding.originally rfc allowed resources identified uri subset usascii.rfc allows characters—... |
World Wide Web | architecture world wide web volume one.version .wc.cite journal cite journal requires journal helpbernerslee tim august .world wide web past present future. |
World Wide Web | cite journal cite journal requires journal helpbrügger niels ed web histories first years world wide web peter lang .fielding r. gettys j. mogul j. frystyk h. masinter l. leach p. bernerslee t. june .hypertext transfer protocol – http.. request comments .information sciences institute.cite journal cite journal requires... |
World Wide Web | world wide web technology architecture conceptual analysis.new devices.skau h.o.march .world wide web health information.new devices. |
Application security | external links first websiteearly archive first web siteinternet statistics growth usage web internetliving internet comprehensive history internet including world wide webweb design development curlieworld wide web consortium wcwc recommendations reduce world wide waitworld wide web size daily estimated size world wid... |
Application security | common technique phase creation threat model.whitebox security review code review.security engineer deeply understanding application manually reviewing source code noticing security flaws.comprehension application vulnerabilities unique application found.blackbox security audit.use application testing security vulnerab... |
Application security | examples automated dastsast tools integrated code editor cicd platforms.coordinated vulnerability platforms.hackerpowered application security solutions offered many websites software developers individuals receive recognition compensation reporting bugs.web application security web application security branch informat... |
Application security | security threats open web application security project owasp provides free open resources.led nonprofit called owasp foundation.owasp top published result recent research based comprehensive data compiled partner organizations.data approximately .million vulnerabilities discovered across applications. |
Application security | according owasp top ten critical web application security risks includebroken access controlcryptographic failuresinjectioninsecure designsecurity misconfigurationvulnerable outdated componentsidentification authentification failuressoftware data integrity failuressecurity logging monitoring failuresserverside request ... |
Application security | sast access full sourcecode whitebox approach.yield detailed results result many falsepositives need manually verified.dynamic application security testing dast often called vulnerability scanners automatically detects vulnerabilities crawling analyzing web sites.method highly scalable easily integrated quick.dast tool... |
Application security | fuzzing tools commonly used input testing.interactive application security testing iast assesses applications within using software instrumentation.combines strengths sast dast methods well providing access code http traffic library information backend connections configuration information.iast products require applica... |
Browser security | security standards regulations cert secure codingisoiec information technology — security techniques — application security part overview conceptsisoiec tr information technology — programming languages — guidance avoiding vulnerabilities programming languages language selection usenist special publication owasp asvs w... |
Browser security | furthermore among vulnerabilities examined time study vulnerabilities occurred chromium reusing importing vulnerable versions third party libraries.vulnerabilities web browser software minimized keeping browser software updated sufficient underlying operating system compromised example rootkit.subcomponents browsers sc... |
Browser security | plugins extensions although part browser per se browser plugins extensions extend attack surface exposing vulnerabilities adobe flash player adobe acrobat reader java plugin activex commonly exploited.researchers extensively studied security architecture various webbrowsers particular relying plugandplay designs.study ... |
Browser security | adobe flash august study social science research network found websites using flash also employing flash cookies yet privacy policies rarely disclosed user controls privacy preferences lacking.browsers cache history delete functions affect flash players writing local shared objects cache user community much less aware ... |
Browser security | several security experts also recommend either install adobe flash player block it.password security model contents web page arbitrary controlled entity owning domain named displayed address bar.https used encryption used secure attackers access network changing page contents en route.presented password field web page ... |
Browser security | youtube.com user always check address bar says httpsaccounts.google.com inputting password.an uncompromised browser guarantees address bar correct.guarantee one reason browsers generally display warning entering fullscreen mode top address bar would normally fullscreen website cannot make fake browser user interface fa... |
Browser security | zeusgard website functional since mid.another device icloak® stik icloak website provides complete live os completely replaces computers entire operating system offers two web browsers readonly system.icloak provide tor browser anonymous browsing well regular firefox browser nonanonymous browsing.nonsecured web traffic... |
Browser security | original livecd image free malware software used including web browser load free malware every time livecd image booted.browser hardening browsing internet leastprivilege user account i.e.without administrator privileges limits ability security exploit web browser compromising whole operating system.internet explorer l... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.