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Web design | publishing function doesnt work reliably potentially worse user experience making attempt.depends target audience likely needed worth risks.progressive enhancement progressive enhancement strategy web design puts emphasis web content first allowing everyone access basic content functionality web page whilst users additional browser features faster internet access receive enhanced version instead.in practice means serving content html applying styling animation css technically possible extent applying enhancements javascript.pages text loaded immediately html source code rather wait javascript initiate load content subsequently allows content readable minimum loading time bandwidth textbased browsers maximizes backwards compatibility.as example mediawikibased sites including wikipedia use progressive enhancement remain usable javascript even css deactivated pages content included pages html source code whereas counterexample everipedia relies javascript load pages content subsequently blank page appears javascript deactivated.page layout part user interface design affected quality page layout. |
Web design | example designer may consider whether sites page layout remain consistent different pages designing layout.page pixel width may also considered vital aligning objects layout design.popular fixedwidth websites generally set width match current popular browser window current popular screen resolution current popular monitor size.pages also centeraligned concerns aesthetics larger screens.fluid layouts increased popularity around allow browser make userspecific layout adjustments fluid layouts based details readers screen window size font size relative window etc.. grew alternative htmltablebased layouts gridbased design page layout design principle coding technique slow adopted.due considerations screen reading devices varying windows sizes designers control over. |
Web design | accordingly design may broken units sidebars content blocks embedded advertising areas navigation areas sent browser fitted display window browser best can.although display may often change relative position major content units sidebars may displaced body text rather side it.flexible display hardcoded gridbased layout doesnt fit device window.particular relative position content blocks may change leaving content within block unaffected.also minimizes users need horizontally scroll page.responsive web design newer approach based css deeper level perdevice specification within pages style sheet enhanced use css media rule. |
Web design | march google announced would rolling mobilefirst indexing.sites using responsive design well placed ensure meet new approach.typography web designers may choose limit variety website typefaces similar style instead using wide range typefaces type styles.browsers recognize specific number safe fonts designers mainly use order avoid complications.font downloading later included css fonts module since implemented safari .opera mozilla firefox .. subsequently increased interest web typography well usage font downloading.most site layouts incorporate negative space break text paragraphs also avoid centeraligned text. |
Web design | motion graphics page layout user interface may also affected use motion graphics.choice whether use motion graphics may depend target market website.motion graphics may expected least better received entertainmentoriented website.however website target audience serious formal interest business community government might find animations unnecessary distracting entertainment decoration purposes.doesnt mean serious content couldnt enhanced animated video presentations relevant content. |
Web design | either case motion graphic design may make difference effective visuals distracting visuals.motion graphics initiated site visitor produce accessibility issues.world wide web consortium accessibility standards require site visitors able disable animations.quality code website designers may consider good practice conform standards.usually done via description specifying element doing.failure conform standards may make website unusable error prone standards relate correct layout pages readability well making sure coded elements closed appropriately. |
Web design | includes errors code organized layout code making sure ids classes identified properly.poorly coded pages sometimes colloquially called tag soup.validating via wc done correct doctype declaration made used highlight errors code.system identifies errors areas conform web design standards.information corrected user. |
Web design | generated content two ways websites generated statically dynamically.static websites static website stores unique file every page static website.time page requested content returned.content created design website.usually manually authored although sites use automated creation process similar dynamic website whose results stored longterm completed pages. |
Web design | automatically created static sites became popular around generators jekyll adobe muse.the benefits static website simpler host server needed serve static content execute serverside scripts.required less server administration less chance exposing security holes.could also serve pages quickly lowcost server hardware.advantage became less important cheap web hosting expanded also offer dynamic features virtual servers offered high performance short intervals low cost.almost websites static content supporting assets images style sheets usually static even website highly dynamic pages.dynamic websites dynamic websites generated fly use serverside technology generate webpages. |
Web design | typically extract content one backend databases database queries across relational database query catalogue summarise numeric information others may use document database mongodb nosql store larger units content blog posts wiki articles.in design process dynamic pages often mockedup wireframed using static pages.skillset needed develop dynamic web pages much broader static pages involving serverside database coding well clientside interface design.even mediumsized dynamic projects thus almost always team effort.when dynamic web pages first developed typically coded directly languages perl php asp.notably php asp used template approach serverside page resembled structure completed clientside page data inserted places defined tags.quicker means development coding purely procedural coding language perl.both approaches supplanted many websites higherlevel applicationfocused tools content management systems. |
Web design | build top general purpose coding platforms assume website exists offer content according one several well recognised models timesequenced blog thematic magazine news site wiki user forum.tools make implementation site easy purely organisational designbased task without requiring coding.editing content well template page done means site use thirdparty software.ability edit pages provided specific category users example administrators registered users.cases anonymous users allowed edit certain web content less frequent example forums adding messages.example site anonymous change wikipedia. |
Web design | homepage design usability experts including jakob nielsen kyle soucy often emphasised homepage design website success asserted homepage important page website.nielsen jakob tahir marie october homepage usability websites deconstructed new riders publishing isbn however practitioners starting find growing number website traffic bypassing homepage going directly internal content pages search engines enewsletters rss feeds.leading many practitioners argue homepages less important people think.jared spool argued sites homepage actually least important page website.in carousels also called sliders rotating banners become extremely popular design element homepages often used showcase featured recent content confined space.many practitioners argue carousels ineffective design element hurt websites search engine optimisation usability.occupations two primary jobs involved creating website web designer web developer often work closely together website. |
Web3 | web designers responsible visual aspect includes layout coloring typography web page.web designers also working knowledge markup languages html css although extent knowledge differ one web designer another.particularly smaller organizations one person need necessary skills designing programming full web page larger organizations may web designer responsible visual aspect alone.further jobs may become involved creation website include graphic designers create visuals site logos layouts buttonsinternet marketing specialists help maintain web presence strategic solutions targeting viewers site using marketing promotional techniques internetseo writers research recommend correct words incorporated particular website make website accessible found numerous search enginesinternet copywriter create written content page appeal targeted viewers siteuser experience ux designer incorporates aspects userfocused design considerations include information architecture usercentered design user testing interaction design occasionally visual design.see also see also related disciplines notes external links wc consortium web standardsweb design development curliesometimes stylized web idea new iteration world wide web based blockchain technology incorporates concepts including decentralization tokenbased economics.technologists journalists contrasted web .wherein say data content centralized small group companies sometimes referred big tech.term coined ethereum cofounder gavin wood idea gained interest cryptocurrency enthusiasts large technology companies venture capital firms.background web . |
Web3 | web .refer eras history world wide web evolved various technologies formats.web .refers roughly period websites static webpages vast majority users consumers producers content.web . |
Web3 | based around idea web platform centers usercreated content uploaded social media networking services blogs wikis among services.web .generally considered begun around continues current day.terminology web distinct tim bernerslees concept semantic web.bernerslee described semantic web component web . |
Web3 | different term web crypto context.the term web coined polkadot founder ethereum cofounder gavin wood referring decentralized online ecosystem based blockchain.idea web gained popularity.particular interest spiked toward end largely due interest cryptocurrency enthusiasts investments highprofile technologists companies.executives venture capital firm andreessen horowitz traveled washington d.c. october lobby idea potential solution questions regulation web policymakers grappling.some writers referring decentralized concept usually known web used term web .leading confusion two concepts. |
Web3 | furthermore visions web also incorporate ideas relating semantic web.concept specific visions web differ term described bloomberg hazy revolve around idea decentralization often incorporate blockchain technologies various cryptocurrencies nonfungible tokens nfts.bloomberg described web idea would build financial assets form tokens inner workings almost anything online.visions based around concept decentralized autonomous organizations daos.decentralized finance defi another key concept users exchange currency without bank government involvement. |
Web3 | selfsovereign identity allows users identify without relying authentication system oauth trusted party reached order assess identity.technology scholars argued web would likely run tandem web .sites web .sites likely adopting web technologies order keep services relevant.reception technologists journalists described web possible solution concerns overcentralization web big tech companies. |
Web3 | expressed notion web could improve data security scalability privacy beyond currently possible web .platforms.bloomberg states skeptics say idea long way proving use beyond niche applications many tools aimed crypto traders.new york times reported several investors betting billion web future internet.some web .companies including reddit discord explored incorporating web technologies platforms. |
Web3 | november ceo jason citron tweeted screenshot suggesting discord might exploring integrating crypto wallets platform.two days later heavy user backlash discord announced plans integrate technologies internalonly concept developed companywide hackathon.some legal scholars quoted conversation expressed concerns difficulty regulating decentralized web reported might make difficult prevent cybercrime online harassment hate speech dissemination child abuse images.news website also states decentralized web represents cyberlibertarian views hopes past internet empower ordinary people breaking existing power structures.critics web see concept part cryptocurrency bubble extension blockchainbased trends see overhyped harmful particularly nfts.critics raised concerns environmental impact cryptocurrencies nfts. |
Web3 | cryptocurrencies vary efficiency proof stake designed less energy intensive widely used proof work although disagreement secure decentralized practice.others expressed beliefs web associated technologies pyramid scheme.jack dorsey cofounder former ceo twitter dismissed web venture capitalists plaything.dorsey opined web democratize internet shift power players like facebook venture capital funds like andreessen horowitz.on december software engineer molly white launched web going great website documents prominent scams schemes rug pulls involving cryptocurrency web.buzzword liam proven writing register concludes web myth fairy story.parents tell kids night want grow become economists.in spacex tesla ceo elon musk expressed skepticism web tweet saying web seems marketing buzzword reality right now.in november james grimmelmann cornell university referred web vaporware calling promised future internet fixes things people dont like current internet even contradictory. |
Session hijacking | also argued moving internet toward blockchainfocused infrastructure would centralize cause data collection compared current internet.stephen diehl engineer blogger u.k described web blog post vapid marketing campaign attempts reframe public’s negative associations crypto assets false narrative disruption legacy tech company hegemony.decentralized kevin werbach author blockchain new architecture trust said many socalled web solutions decentralized seem others yet show scalable secure accessible enough mass market adding may change given limitations overcome.in early moxie marlinspike creator signal articulated web decentralized appears mainly due consolidation cryptocurrency field including blockchain application programming interfaces currently mainly controlled companies alchemy infura cryptocurrency exchanges mainly dominated binance coinbase metamask opensea stablecoin market currently dominated tether.marlinspike also remarked new web resembles old web.see also distributed social network referencesparticular used refer theft magic cookie used authenticate user remote server.particular relevance web developers http cookies used maintain session many websites easily stolen attacker using intermediary computer access saved cookies victims computer see http cookie theft.successfully stealing appropriate session cookies adversary might use pass cookie technique perform session hijacking.cookie hijacking commonly used client authentication internet.modern web browsers use cookie protection mechanisms protect web attacked.a popular method using sourcerouted ip packets. |
Session hijacking | allows attacker point b network participate conversation c encouraging ip packets pass bs machine.if sourcerouting turned attacker use blind hijacking whereby guesses responses two machines.thus attacker send command never see response.however common command would set password allowing access elsewhere net.an attacker also inline c using sniffing program watch conversation.known maninthemiddle attack.history http http protocol versions . |
Session hijacking | .lacked cookies features necessary session hijacking.version .beta mosaic netscape released october supported cookies.early versions http .security weaknesses relating session hijacking difficult exploit due vagaries early http .servers browsers. |
Session hijacking | http .designated fallback http .since early s—and http .servers essentially http .servers session hijacking problem evolved nearly permanent security risk.the introduction supercookies features modernized http . |
Session hijacking | allowed hijacking problem become ongoing security problem.webserver browser state machine standardization contributed ongoing security problem.methods four main methods used perpetrate session hijack.aresession fixation attacker sets users session id one known example sending user email link contains particular session id.attacker wait user logs in.session side jacking attacker uses packet sniffing read network traffic two parties steal session cookie. |
Session hijacking | many websites use ssl encryption login pages prevent attackers seeing password use encryption rest site authenticated.allows attackers read network traffic intercept data submitted server web pages viewed client.since data includes session cookie allows impersonate victim even password compromised.unsecured wifi hotspots particularly vulnerable anyone sharing network generally able read web traffic nodes access point.crosssite scripting attacker tricks users computer running code treated trustworthy appears belong server allowing attacker obtain copy cookie perform operations.malware unwanted programs use browser hijacking steal browsers cookie files without users knowledge perform actions like installing android apps without users knowledge.attacker physical access simply attempt steal session key example obtaining file memory contents appropriate part either users computer server.after successfully acquiring appropriate session cookies adversary might leverage pass cookie technique perform session hijacking. |
Session hijacking | exploits firesheep october mozilla firefox extension called firesheep released provided easy access point session hijackers attack users unencrypted public wifi.websites like facebook twitter user adds preferences allow firesheep user easily access private information cookies threaten public wifi users personal property.months later facebook twitter responded offering later requiring http secure throughout.whatsapp sniffer app named whatsapp sniffer made available google play may .able display messages whatsapp users connected network app user. |
Session hijacking | time whatsapp used xmpp infrastructure encryption plaintext communication.droidsheep droidsheep simple android tool web session hijacking sidejacking.listens http packets sent via wireless .network connection extracts session id packets order reuse them.droidsheep capture sessions using libpcap library supports open unencrypted networks wep encrypted networks wpawpa encrypted networks psk only. |
Session hijacking | software uses libpcap arpspoof.apk made available google play taken google.cookiecadger cookiecadger graphical java app automates sidejacking replay http requests help identify information leakage applications use unencrypted get requests.crossplatform opensource utility based wireshark suite monitor wired ethernet insecure wifi load packet capture file offline analysis.cookie cadger used highlight weaknesses youth team sharing sites shutterfly used ayso soccer league teamsnap. |
Session hijacking | prevention methods prevent session hijacking includeencryption data traffic passed parties using ssltls particular session key though ideally traffic entire session.technique widely reliedupon webbased banks ecommerce services completely prevents sniffingstyle attacks.however could still possible perform kind session hijack.response scientists radboud university nijmegen proposed way prevent session hijacking correlating application session ssltls credentialsuse long random number string session key.reduces risk attacker could simply guess valid session key trial error brute force attacks.regenerating session id successful login. |
Session hijacking | prevents session fixation attacker know session id user logged in.some services make secondary checks identity user.instance web server could check request made ip address user matched one last used session.prevent attacks somebody shares ip address however could frustrating users whose ip address liable change browsing session.alternatively services change value cookie every request.dramatically reduces window attacker operate makes easy identify whether attack taken place cause technical problems example two legitimate closely timed requests client lead token check error server.users may also wish log websites whenever finished using them.however protect attacks firesheep. |
Evil twin (wireless networks) | see also arponcrosssite request forgeryhttp cookietcp sequence prediction attack referencesmethod attacker snoops internet traffic using bogus wireless access point.unwitting web users may invited log attackers server prompting enter sensitive information usernames passwords.often users unaware duped well incident occurred.when users log unsecured nonhttps bank email accounts attacker intercepts transaction since sent equipment.attacker also able connect networks associated users credentials.fake access points set configuring wireless card act access point known hostap.hard trace since shut instantly. |
Evil twin (wireless networks) | counterfeit access point may given ssid bssid nearby wifi network.evil twin configured pass internet traffic legitimate access point monitoring victims connection simply say system temporarily unavailable obtaining username password.using captive portals one commonly used attacks evil twins captive portal.first attacker would create fake wireless access point similar essid legitimate access point.attacker might execute denialofservice attack legitimate access point cause go offline. |
Evil twin (wireless networks) | clients would connect fake access point automatically.clients would led web portal requesting enter password misused attackers.see also karma attack variant evil twin attacksnarfingwireless lan security references external links jasager – karma fon.digininja.org.rogue ap software.wifiphisher tool evil twin attack. |
Digicel | history digicel founded irish entrepreneur denis obrien.company launched april jamaica.march digicel expanded st. lucia st. vincent.digicel purchased cingular wireless caribbean bermuda operations.in april digicel launched services trinidad tobago.may digicel began operations haiti. |
Digicel | digicel expanded central american mainland well pacific.september acquired unrelated mobile phone provider digicel holdings el salvador.in digicel acquired umobile guyana launched suriname december.court rulings april digicel received permission jamaicas thenminister industry commerce technology phillip paulwell disregard interconnectivity fee ceiling issued offices utilities regulation our.following judicial review determined paulwell power make decision.digicel appealed ruling jamaican supreme court won. |
Digicel | appealed decision appellate court ruled paulwells decision outside powers didnt comply paulwells directive.digicel appealed privy council jamaicas final court appeal upheld appellate courts decision .digicel appealed decision united kingdom privy council.january council ruled favour meaning lime formerly cable wireless jamaica allowed keep j million digicel ordered pay jamaican courts.limes parent company acquired columbus communications decided adopt brand name flow consumerfacing business replacing lime name.may lime name fully discontinued. |
Digicel | –present digicel mobile money mobile banking service launched fiji july .also digicel launched tchotcho cash app money transfers phones haiti.mobile money fiji expanded allow transfers australia new zealand cost.in february digicel took controlling stake netxar technologies leading systems integrator caribbean region.march digicel announced selling operations honduras el salvador mexican telecom company américa móvil américa móvil selling operations jamaica digicel.march digicel acquired comcelvoila main competitor haiti.in may tax authority jamaica taj visited digicels offices new kingston order jamaican supreme court look data regarding companys payment general consumption tax. |
Digicel | couple weeks later taj digicel agreed dialogue surrounding situation.in october américa móvil announced wouldnt acquire digicels operations el salvador.in june digicel announced would invest billion mobile phone network myanmar granted licence.however digicel lost licence bid telenor ooredoo.digicel acquired sat telecom cable internet company dominica february relaunched brand digicel play october year.september digicel acquired telstar cable limited jamaica.in tchotcho relaunched moncash additional banking services.september digicel play launched play go live streaming service.in july digicel bought .tonga cable government.in january obrien named jeanyves charlier chief executive replacing michael willner.in may digicel announced plans restructure debt. |
Digicel | restructuring plan approved digicels bondholders completed june .part exchange obrien contributed million assets digicel consisting companys jamaican headquarters million cash.in november digicel announced financial second quarter end september earnings dropped due impact covid pandemic.in october digicel announced sale pacific operations telstra corp australian telecommunications company.sale estimated usd.billion.corporate sponsorship digicel sponsor caribbean central american asiapacific sports teams including special olympics teams regions. |
Digicel | digicel sponsored west indies cricket team.in digicel announced would sponsor vanuatu national cricket team well national rugby teams.year digicel became sponsor digicel cup rugby fiji.in april digicel announced first global sponsor inaugural tournament caribbean premier league.in digicel sponsored playgo emerge competition short films made caribbean.digicel foundation digicel shareholders set digicel foundation jamaica.the digicel foundation active jamaica haiti trinidad tobago papua new guinea.haiti digicel foundation helped rebuild haiti earthquake struck portauprince january .projects included building primary schools restoring historic iron market. |
Mimecast | competitors caribbean region main competitor americanowned liberty latin america.see also southern caribbean fiber references external links digicel homepagecompany listed nasdaq.history mimecast founded peter bauer neil murray.offices london boston chicago san francisco dallas cape town johannesburg melbourne amsterdam munich israel.october mimecast announced filed registration statement proposed initial public offering ipo.mimecast began trading nasdaq global select market ticker symbol mime november . |
Mimecast | offering closed november .on july mimecast acquired cybersecurity training start ataata.on july mimecast acquired solebit.on november mimecast acquired dmarc analyzer.on january mimecast acquired segasec.founding mimecast cofounder ceo peter bauer previously founded fab technology midnineties sold idion.earlier peter trained microsoft systems engineer worked corporate messaging systems.mimecast cofounder cto neil murray previously cto global technology services founder prosolutions.other executives include mimecast chief scientist nathaniel borenstein amongst original designers mime protocol formatting multimedia internet electronic mail sent worlds first email attachment march .technology service uses massivelyparallel grid infrastructure email storage processing geographically dispersed data centers. |
Mimecast | mail transfer agent provides intelligent email routing based server user mailbox location.email securitysecure email gateway user optimized spam protection malware dos dha protection.realtime diagnostic reporting data loss prevention secure message delivery email branding disclaimer management document conversion metadata management realtime online queue management large attachment management advanced routing spooling.targeted threat protection url rewriting gateway timeofclick scanning malicious content opened.large file send send receive large files outlook encryption optional access key custom expiration dates.secure messaging secure email channel sensitive information either userinitiated policydriven.enterprise information archivingcloud archive email encrypted cloud storage saves emails triplicate immutable storage system.users access search emails outlook desktop client.archive access available via mac desktop app apps android blackberry ios windows mobile devices.mailbox continuitycontinuity primary mail system outages email accessed via microsoft outlook web browser via mobile devices.security privacy breaches january mimecast security certificate revealed compromised potentially allowing attackers intercept communications microsoftbased email servers. |
Web framework | references external links official website business data mimecastweb frameworks provide standard way build deploy web applications world wide web.web frameworks aim automate overhead associated common activities performed web development.example many web frameworks provide libraries database access templating frameworks session management often promote code reuse.although often target development dynamic web sites also applicable static websites.history design world wide web inherently dynamic early hypertext consisted handcoded html text files published web servers. |
Web framework | modifications published pages needed performed pages author.common gateway interface cgi standard introduced interfacing external applications web servers provide dynamic web page reflected user inputs.original implementations cgi interface typically adverse effects server load however request started separate process.recent implementations utilize persistent processes amongst techniques reduce footprint servers resources offer general performance boost.in fully integrated serverlanguage development environments first emerged new webspecific languages introduced coldfusion php active server pages.although vast majority languages creating dynamic web pages libraries help common tasks web applications often require specific libraries particular tasks creating html example javaserver faces.in late mature full stack frameworks began appear often gathered multiple libraries useful web development single cohesive software stack web developers use.examples include asp.net java ee webobjects webpy openacs catalyst mojolicious ruby rails laravel grails django zend framework sails.js yii cakephp symfony.types framework architectures web frameworks based model–view–controller mvc pattern. |
Web framework | model–view–controller mvc many frameworks follow mvc architectural pattern separate data model business rules controller user interface view.generally considered good practice modularizes code promotes code reuse allows multiple interfaces applied.web applications permits different views presented example serving different web pages mobile vs. desktop browsers providing machinereadable web service interfaces.pushbased vs. pullbased mvc frameworks follow pushbased architecture also called actionbased.frameworks use actions required processing push data view layer render results. |
Web framework | django ruby rails symfony spring mvc stripes sails.js codeigniter good examples architecture.alternative pullbased architecture sometimes also called componentbased.frameworks start view layer pull results multiple controllers needed.architecture multiple controllers involved single view.lift tapestry jboss seam javaserver faces wicket examples pullbased architectures.play struts rife zk support push pullbased application controller calls. |
Web framework | threetier organization threetier organization applications structured around three physical tiers client application database.database normally rdbms.application contains business logic running server communicates client using http.client web applications web browser runs html generated application layer.term confused mvc unlike threetier architecture considered good practice keep business logic away controller middle layer. |
Web framework | framework applications frameworks built support construction internet applications based single programming language ranging focus general purpose tools zend framework ruby rails augment capabilities specific language nativelanguage programmable packages built around specific user application content management systems mobile development tools portal tools.generalpurpose website frameworks web frameworks must function according architectural rules browsers protocols http stateless.webpages served server modified browser using javascript.either approach advantages disadvantages.serverside page changes typically require page refreshed allow language used computing power utilized.clientside changes allow page updated small chunks feels like desktop application limited javascript run users browser may limited computing power. |
Web framework | mix two typically used.applications make heavy use javascript refresh parts page called singlepage applications typically make use clientside javascript web framework organize code.serverside apache wicketasp.net corecakephpcatalystcodeignitercppcmsdjangoflaskjam.pyyiilaravelmojoliciousruby railssails.jssymfonyspring mvcwt web toolkitzend framework clientside examples include backbone.js angularjs angular emberjs reactjs jquery ui vue.js.dash opensource python r julia framework building webbased analytic applications.javascript i.e.react used client side independently backendlanguage. |
Web framework | discussion forums wikis weblogs wikibasewikiwikiweb features frameworks typically set control flow program allow user framework hook flow exposing various events.inversion control design pattern considered defining principle framework benefits code enforcing common flow team everyone customize similar ways.example popular microframeworks rubys sinatra inspired express.js allow middleware hooks prior http requests.middleware functions anything allow user define logging authentication session management redirecting.web template system caching web caching caching web documents order reduce bandwidth usage server load perceived lag. |
Web framework | web cache stores copies documents passing subsequent requests may satisfied cache certain conditions met.application frameworks provide mechanisms caching documents bypassing various stages pages preparation database access template interpretation.security web frameworks come authentication authorization frameworks enable web server identify users application restrict access functions based defined criteria.drupal one example provides rolebased access pages provides webbased interface creating users assigning roles.database access mapping configuration many web frameworks create unified api database backend enabling web applications work variety databases code changes allowing programmers work higherlevel concepts. |
Web framework | additionally objectoriented frameworks contain mapping tools provide objectrelational mapping maps objects tuples.some frameworks minimize web application configuration use introspection andor following wellknown conventions.example many java frameworks use hibernate persistence layer generate database schema runtime capable persisting necessary information.allows application designer design business objects without needing explicitly define database schema.frameworks ruby rails also work reverse define properties model objects runtime based database schema.other features web frameworks may provide include transactional support database migration tools.url mapping frameworks url mapping routing facility mechanism framework interprets urls. |
Web framework | frameworks drupal django match provided url predetermined patterns using regular expressions others use rewriting techniques translate provided url one underlying engine recognize.another technique graph traversal used zope url decomposed steps traverse object graph models views.a url mapping system uses pattern matching rewriting route handle requests allows shorter friendly urls used increasing simplicity site allowing better indexing search engines.example url ends page.cgicatsciencetopicphysics could changed simply pagesciencephysics.makes url easier people remember read write provides search engines better information structural layout site.graph traversal approach also tends result creation friendly urls. |
Web framework | shorter url pagescience tends exist default simply shorter form longer traversal pagesciencephysics.ajax ajax shorthand asynchronous javascript xml web development technique creating web applications.intent make web pages feel responsive exchanging small amounts data server behind scenes entire web page reloaded time user requests change.intended increase web pages interactivity speed maintainability usability.due complexity ajax programming javascript numerous ajax frameworks exclusively deal ajax support.ajax frameworks even embedded part larger frameworks. |
Web framework | example jquery javascript library included ruby rails.with increased interest developing web .rich web applications complexity programming directly ajax javascript become apparent compiler technology stepped allow developers code highlevel languages java python ruby.first compilers morfik followed google web toolkit ports python ruby form pyjs rubyjs following time after.compilers associated widget set libraries make development rich media ajax applications much akin developing desktop applications.web services frameworks provide tools creating providing web services. |
Web engineering | utilities may offer similar tools rest web application.web resources number newer web .restful frameworks providing resourceoriented architecture roa infrastructure building collections resources sort semantic web ontology based concepts resource description framework rdf.see also referencesaddition inherent multifaceted functionality web applications exhibit complex behaviour place unique demands usability performance security ability grow evolve.however vast majority applications continue developed ad hoc way contributing problems usability maintainability quality reliability.web development benefit established practices related disciplines certain distinguishing characteristics demand special considerations.recent years developments towards addressing considerations.web engineering focuses methodologies techniques tools foundation web application development support design development evolution evaluation.web application development certain characteristics make different traditional software information system computer application development.web engineering multidisciplinary encompasses contributions diverse areas systems analysis design software engineering hypermediahypertext engineering requirements engineering humancomputer interaction user interface information engineering information indexing retrieval testing modelling simulation project management graphic design presentation. |
Web engineering | web engineering neither clone subset software engineering although involve programming software development.web engineering uses software engineering principles encompasses new approaches methodologies tools techniques guidelines meet unique requirements webbased applications.discipline proponents web engineering supported establishment web engineering discipline early stage web.major arguments web engineering new discipline arewebbased information systems wis development process different unique.web engineering multidisciplinary single discipline software engineering provide complete theory basis body knowledge practices guide wis development.issues evolution lifecycle management compared traditional applications.webbased information systems applications pervasive nontrivial.prospect web platform continue grow worth treated specifically.however controversial especially people traditional disciplines software engineering recognize web engineering new field. |
Web engineering | issue different independent web engineering compared disciplines.main topics web engineering include limited following areas modeling disciplines business processes applications webprocess modelling web applicationsrequirements engineering web applicationsbb applications design disciplines tools methods uml webconceptual modeling web applications aka.web modelingprototyping methods toolsweb design methodscase tools web applicationsweb interface designdata models web information systems implementation disciplines integrated web application development environmentscode generation web applicationssoftware factories foron webweb .ajax ex asp.net php new developmentsweb services development deployment testing disciplines testing evaluation web systems applications.testing automation methods tools.applications categories disciplines semantic web applicationsdocument centric web sitestransactional web applicationsinteractive web applicationsworkflowbased web applicationscollaborative web applicationsportaloriented web applicationsubiquitous mobile web applicationsdevice independent web deliverylocalization internationalization web applicationspersonalization web applications attributes web quality web metrics cost estimation measurementpersonalisation adaptation web applicationsweb qualityusability web applicationsweb accessibilityperformance webbased applications contentrelated web content managementcontent management system cmsmultimedia authoring tools softwareauthoring adaptive hypermedia education master science web engineering branch study within msc program web sciences johannes kepler university linz austria diploma web engineering web engineering study program international webmasters college iwmc germany see also devopsweb developerweb modeling references sources robert l. glass whos right web development debate cutter journal july vol.no. |
Web engineering | pp –.s.ceri p. fraternali a. bongio m. brambilla s. comai m. matera.designing dataintensive web applications.morgan kaufmann publisher dec isbn web engineering resources organizationsinternational society web engineering e.v.http engineering community http society http sigweb http wide web consortium http web applications sven casteleyn florian daniel peter dolog maristella matera springer isbn web engineering modelling implementing web applications edited gustavo rossi oscar pastor daniel schwabe luis olsina springer verlag hcis isbn cost estimation techniques web projects emilia mendes igi publishing isbn web engineering discipline systematic development web applications edited gerti kappel birgit pröll siegfried reich werner retschitzegger john wiley sons web engineering edited emilia mendes nile mosley springerverlag web engineering principles techniques edited woojong suh idea group publishing formoriented analysis new methodology model formbased applications dirk draheim gerald weber springer building web applications uml nd edition jim conallen pearson education information architecture world wide web nd edition peter morville louis rosenfeld oreilly web site engineering beyond web page design thomas a. powell david l. jones dominique c. cutts prentice hall designing dataintensive web applications s. ceri p. fraternali a. bongio m. brambilla s. comai m. matera. |
Web engineering | morgan kaufmann publisher dec isbn conferencesworld wide web conference iwc since http conference web engineering icwe since httpicwe.webengineering.org caceres spain httpicwe.webengineering.org rome italy httpicwe.webengineering.org lugano switzerland http http http http conference proceedingsicwe lncs https lncs https lncs https lncs https information systems engineering conference wise society since http conference web information systems technologies webist since http workshop web site evolution wse http conference software engineering http chapters articlespressman r.s.applying web engineering part chapters – software engineering practitioners perspective sixth edition mcgrawhill new york .http web engineering http journal web engineering technology http transactions internet technology httptoit.acm.orgworld wide web springer httpslink.springer.comjournalweb coding journal http reference https issuesweb engineering ieee multimedia jan.–mar.part april–june part .httpcsdl.computer.orgpersagendlpublication.jsppubtypemacronymmuusability engineering ieee software january–february .web engineering cutter journal july .testing ebusiness applications cutter journal september .engineering internet software ieee software march–april .usability web ieee internet computing march–april .citations |
Security as a service | secaas inspired software service model applied information security type services require onpremises hardware avoiding substantial capital outlays.security services often include authentication antivirus antimalwarespyware intrusion detection penetration testing security event management among others.outsourced security licensing delivery boasting multibilliondollar market.secaas provides users internet security services providing protection online threats attacks ddos constantly searching access points compromise websites.demand use cloud computing skyrockets users vulnerable attacks due accessing internet new access points.secaas serves buffer persistent online threats. |
Security as a service | categories secaas cloud security alliance csa organization dedicated defining raising awareness secure cloud computing.csa defined following categories secaas tools created series technical implementation guidance documents help businesses implement understand secaas.categories includebusiness continuity disaster recovery bcdr bcdrcontinuous monitoringdata loss prevention dlpemail securityencryptionidentity access management iamintrusion managementnetwork securitysecurity assessmentpenetration testingsecurity information event management siemvulnerability scanningweb security secaas models secaas typically offered several formssubscriptionpayment utilized servicesfreeware features free additions pay examples include aws nmap.online ibm cloudfree charge examples include cloudbric cloudflare incapsula.benefits security service offers number benefits includingcostcutting secaas eases financial constraints burdens online businesses integrating security services without onpremises hardware huge budget.using cloudbased security product also bypasses need costly security experts analysts.consistent uniform protectionsecaas services provide continued protection databases constantly updated provide uptodate security coverage. |
Security as a service | also alleviates issue separate infrastructures instead combining elements one manageable system.constant virus definition updates reliant user compliancegreater security expertise typically available within organizationfaster user provisioningoutsourcing administrative tasks log management save time money allow organization devote time core competenciesa web interface allows inhouse administration tasks well view security environment ongoing activities challenges secaas number deficiencies make insecure many applications.individual security service request adds least one acrossthenet roundtrip counting installer packages four opportunities hacker intercept conversationat send connection point going upat receive connection point going upat sending point return andat receiving point return.secaas makes security handling uniform security breach one request security broken requests broadest attack surface be.also multiplies rewards incentive hacker value gained effort dramatically increased.factors especially tailored resources nationstatesponsored hacker.the biggest challenge secaas market maintaining reputation reliability superiority standard noncloud services.secaas whole seemingly become mainstay cloud market.cloudbased website security doesnt cater businesses specific requirements must properly assessed individual needs. |
Web container | business cater end consumers cannot afford keep data loose vulnerable hacker attacks.heaviest part secaas educating businesses.since data biggest asset businesses cios ctos take care overall security company.see also web application securitymanaged security servicecloud computing references external links security service working groupweb container responsible managing lifecycle servlets mapping url particular servlet ensuring url requester correct accessrights.web container handles requests servlets jakarta server pages jsp files types files include serverside code.web container creates servlet instances loads unloads servlets creates manages request response objects performs servletmanagement tasks.web container implements web component contract jakarta ee architecture.architecture specifies runtime environment additional web components including security concurrency lifecycle management transaction deployment services. |
Web container | list servlet containers following list applications implement jakarta servlet specification eclipse foundation divided depending whether directly sold not.open source web containers apache tomcat formerly jakarta tomcat open source web container available apache software license.apache tomcat operable general application container prior versions web containers onlyapache geronimo full java ee implementation apache software foundation.enhydra lutris technologies.glassfish oracle application server includes web container.jaminid contains higher abstraction servlets.jetty eclipse foundation.also supports spdy websocket protocols.payara another application server derived glassfish.winstone supports specification v. .focus minimal configuration ability strip container need.tiny java web server tjws .small footprint modular design.virgo eclipse foundation provides modular osgi based web containers implemented using embedded tomcat jetty. |
Comparison of antivirus software | virgo available eclipse public license.wildfly formerly jboss application server full java ee implementation red hat division jboss.commercial web containers iplanet web server oracle.jboss enterprise application platform red hat division jboss subscriptionbasedopensource jakarta eebased application server.jrun adobe systems formerly developed allaire corporation.weblogic application server oracle corporation formerly developed bea systems.orion application server ironflare.resin pro caucho technology.servletexec new atlanta communications.ibm websphere application server.sap netweaver.tc server springsource inc. referencessimon bennetts project lead stated zaps source code still paros.features built features includeintercepting proxy servertraditional ajax web crawlersautomated scannerpassive scannerforced browsingfuzzerwebsocket supportscripting languages andplugnhack support.it pluginbased architecture online ‘marketplace’ allows new updated features added.gui control panel easy use.awards one owasp tools referred bossie award best open source networking security softwaresecond place top security tools voted toolswatch.org readerstop security tool voted toolswatch.org readerstoolsmith tool year see also web application securityburp suitewaffiddler software references external links official websitedesktop mobile server etc.operating systems e.g.windows macos linux solaris android ios ubuntu touch windows phone etc.. legend term ondemand scan refers possibility performing manual scan user entire computerdevice onaccess scan refers ability product automatically scan every file creation subsequent modification.the term cloudav refers ability product automatically perform scans cloud.the term email security refers protection emails viruses malware antispam refers protection spam scam phishing attacks.the term web protection usually includes protection infected malicious urls phishing websites online identity privacy protection online banking protection.many antivirus products use thirdparty antivirus engine.means antivirus engine made another producer however malware signature andor parts product may may done owner product itself. |
Comparison of web browsers | desktop computers servers windows macos linux solaris freebsd mobile smartphones tablets android ios windows mobile list excludes windows phone windows phone support running protection programs.symbian blackberry see also antivirus softwareavcomparatives – austrian organization testing antivirus security softwareavtest – german organization testing antivirus security softwarecomparison firewallsinternational computer security associationinternet securitylist computer virusesvirus bulletin referencesgeneral information basic general information browsers.browsers listed light purple background discontinued.operating system support browsers compiled run certain operating systems without emulation.this list exhaustive rather reflects common oses today e.g.netscape navigator also developed os time macos exist include growing appliance segment example opera web browser gained leading role use mobile phones smartphones nintendo ds wii personal digital assistants also used smart tvs.both web browser os means recent version example windows internet explorer .browser features information common browser features implemented natively without thirdparty addons. |
Comparison of web browsers | accessibility features information common accessibility features implemented natively without thirdparty addons.browsers support popups need popup blocking abilities field marked na.accessibility features continued information common accessibility features implemented natively without thirdparty addons.acid scoresthe acid tests online test suites determine aspects standards compliance expose web page rendering flaws rate performance browsers.upon tests release designed existing browser pass without development. |
Comparison of web browsers | order browser pass acid test latest public release browser alpha beta release candidate version development testing procedures must meet requirements shown below.addition browser tested upon completion installation addons installed browsers make easy providing safe mode option factory settings options changed defaults.acidfinal rendering looks exactly like rendering provided acid tests website.text highlighted radio buttons selected.acidfinal rendering looks exactly like rendering provided acid tests website.smileys nose turns blue hovered over.acidfinal rendering looks exactly like rendering provided acid tests website.test report failed tests abnormal delays leftclick letter obtain report html support specifications html still development many current browsers already support many new features draft specifications.html test suite also development test new features functionality detect rates browsers support.new tests expected added suite time goes by.as new tests added bogus ones removed etc. |
Comparison of web browsers | new versions htmltest.com become available preliminary beta even alpha versions.great test development versions e.g.nightly builds web browsers results taken grain salt.especially considering browsers experimental features built may switched default.web technology support information web standards technologies browsers support except javascript. |
Comparison of web browsers | external links lead information support future versions browsers extensions provide functionality.plugins syndicated content support information web standards technologies browsers support.external links lead information support future versions browsers extensions provide functionality.javascript support information javascript technologies browsers support.note although xpath used xslt considered accessed using javascript. |
Comparison of web browsers | external links lead information support future versions browsers extensions provide functionality e.g.babel.see parts dom browser supports protocol support information internet protocols browsers support addition http modern browser fully support.external links lead information support future versions browsers extensions provide functionality.more half web traffic chrome googles servers handled quic protocol tcp http.chrome opera support quic http.image format support information image formats browsers support. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | external links lead information support future versions browsers extensions provide functionality.native multimedia support internationalization browsers available one language.see also history web browserlist web browserscomparison browser enginescomparison layout engines xmlcomparison layout engines xhtmlcomparison layout engines xhtml .comparison layout engines graphicscomparison layout engines typographycomparison layout engines csscomparison layout engines domcomparison layout engines htmlcomparison javascript enginescomparison layout engines svgcomparison lightweight web browsersusage share web browserscomparison download managersbrowser securitybrowser wars referencesstated missions involve antiterrorism border security immigration customs cyber security disaster prevention management.it began operations formed result homeland security act enacted response september attacks.employees dhs thirdlargest cabinet department departments defense veterans affairs.homeland security policy coordinated white house homeland security council.agencies significant homeland security responsibilities include departments health human services justice energy.history creation response september attacks president george w. bush announced establishment office homeland security ohs coordinate homeland security efforts. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | office headed former pennsylvania governor tom ridge assumed title assistant president homeland security.official announcement statesthe mission office develop coordinate implementation comprehensive national strategy secure united states terrorist threats attacks.office coordinate executive branchs efforts detect prepare prevent protect respond recover terrorist attacks within united states.ridge began duties ohs director october .november homeland security act established department homeland security consolidate u.s. executive branch organizations related homeland security single cabinet agency.gilmore commission supported much congress john bolton helped solidify need department. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | dhs incorporated following agencies.list incorporated agencies according border theorist peter andreas creation dhs constituted significant government reorganization since cold war substantial reorganization federal agencies since national security act placed different military departments secretary defense created national security council central intelligence agency.dhs constitutes diverse merger federal functions responsibilities incorporating government agencies single organization.founding dhs marked change american thought towards threats.introducing term homeland centers attention population needs protected emergencies natural disasters also diffuse threats individuals nonnative united states.prior signing bill controversy adoption focused whether federal bureau investigation central intelligence agency incorporated part whole neither included.bill also controversial presence unrelated riders well eliminating certain unionfriendly civil service labor protections department employees. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | without protections employees could expeditiously reassigned dismissed grounds security incompetence insubordination dhs would required notify union representatives.plan stripped government employees union rights.bush officials argued september attacks made proposed elimination employee protections imperative.congress ultimately passed homeland security act president bush signed bill law november .largest u.s. government reorganization years since united states department defense created.tom ridge named secretary january began naming chief deputies.dhs officially began operations january departments component agencies transferred new department march .after establishing basic structure dhs working integrate components ridge announced resignation november following reelection president bush. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | bush initially nominated former new york city police department commissioner bernard kerik successor december kerik withdrew nomination citing personal reasons saying would best interests country pursue post.changes secretary chertoff january president bush nominated federal judge michael chertoff succeed ridge.chertoff confirmed february vote – u.s. senate sworn day.in february dhs office personnel management issued rules relating employee pay discipline new personnel system named maxhr.washington post said rules would allow dhs override provision union contract issuing departmentwide directive would make difficult impossible unions negotiate arrangements staffing deployments technology workplace matters.august u.s. district judge rosemary m. collyer blocked plan grounds ensure collectivebargaining rights dhs employees. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | federal appeals court ruled dhs pending final resolution litigation congresss fiscal year appropriations bill dhs provided funding proposed new personnel system.dhs announced early retooling pay performance system retiring name maxhr.february court filing dhs said would longer pursue new rules would abide existing civil service labormanagement procedures.federal court issued order closing case.trump administration november president donald trump signed cybersecurity infrastructure security agency act law elevated mission former dhs national protection programs directorate established cybersecurity infrastructure security agency.fiscal year dhs allocated net discretionary budget . |
United States Department of Homeland Security | billion.biden administration department justice began carrying investigation white supremacy extremism dhs ranks.also faced criticism expanding usage discretion rationale adhere existing laws immigration matters including explicit statutory requirements detention removal arrests.simultaneously dhs faced crisis .border patrol made recorded arrests migrants u.s. history.occurring migrant families leaving border patrol would later test positive covid. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | despite factcheck factcheck.org found migrants responsible newest surge covid infections caused delta variant.florida governor ron desantis blamed surge covid infections illegal immigrants crossing mexico–united states border.in dhs published national terrorism advisory system bulletin labels spread misleading narratives covid terrorist threat.function whereas department defense charged military actions abroad department homeland security works civilian sphere protect united states within outside borders.stated goal prepare prevent respond domestic emergencies particularly terrorism.march dhs absorbed u.s. customs service immigration naturalization service ins assumed duties. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | divided enforcement services functions two separate new agencies immigration customs enforcement citizenship immigration services.investigative divisions intelligence gathering units ins customs service merged forming homeland security investigations primary investigative arm dhs.additionally border enforcement functions ins including u.s. border patrol u.s. customs service animal plant health inspection service consolidated new agency dhs u.s. customs border protection.federal protective service falls national protection programs directorate.structure department homeland security headed secretary homeland security assistance deputy secretary. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | department contains components listed below.list subordinate agencies agenciesunited states citizenship immigration services processes examines citizenship residency asylum requests aliens.u.s.customs border protection law enforcement agency enforces u.s. laws along international borders air land sea including enforcement u.s. immigration customs agriculture laws patrolling u.s. portsofentry.u.s.immigration customs enforcement law enforcement agency divided two bureaushomeland security investigations hsi investigates violations u.s. laws gathers intelligence national international criminal activities threaten security homeland homeland security investigations andenforcement removal operations ero enforces administrative violations immigration nationality act detaining deporting removing violators united states immigration law.transportation security administration responsible aviation security domestic international notably conducting passenger screenings airports well land water transportation securityunited states coast guard military service responsible law enforcement maritime security national defense maritime mobility protection natural resources.united states secret service law enforcement agency tasked two distinct critical national security missionsinvestigative mission – investigative mission usss safeguard payment financial systems united states wide range financial electronicbased crimes.protective mission – protective mission usss ensure safety president united states vice president united states immediate families foreign heads state.federal emergency management agency agency oversees federal governments response natural disasters like earthquakes hurricanes tornadoes floods forest fires.passports u.s. citizens issued u.s. department state department homeland security.advisory groupshomeland security advisory council state local government first responders private sector academicsnational infrastructure advisory council advises security public private information systemshomeland security science technology advisory committee advise secretary science technology.critical infrastructure partnership advisory council coordinate infrastructure protection private sector levels governmentinteragency coordinating council emergency preparedness individuals disabilitiestask force new americans interagency effort help immigrants learn english embrace common core american civic culture become fully american.other componentscountering weapons mass destruction office counter attempts terrorists threat actors carry attack united states interests using weapon mass destruction.secretary kirstjen nielsen established cwmd office december consolidating primarily domestic nuclear detection office majority office health affairs well dhs elements.federal law enforcement training center interagency law enforcement training facilities located georgia new mexico south carolina.national protection programs directorate riskreduction encompassing physical virtual threats associated human elements.federal protective service federal law enforcement security agency protects investigates crimes u.s. federal buildings properties assets federal government interests.national communications systemdirectorate science technology research developmentdirectorate management responsible internal budgets accounting performance monitoring human resourcesoffice strategy policy plans longrange policy planning coordinationoffice immigration statisticsoffice intelligence analysis identify assess threats based intelligence various agenciesoffice operations coordination monitor domestic security situation daily basis coordinate activities state local authorities private sector infrastructureoffice secretary includes privacy office office civil rights civil liberties office inspector general citizenship immigration services ombudsman office legislative affairs office general counsel office public affairs office counternarcotics enforcement cne office executive secretariat esec military advisors office.cybersecurity infrastructure security agencyin august speech president bush said fighting ... secure freedom homeland. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | prior creation dhs u.s. presidents referred u.s. nation republic internal policies domestic.also unprecedented use phrase homeland white house spokespeople.national terrorism advisory system department homeland security phased old homeland security advisory system replacing twolevel national terrorism advisory system.system two types advisories alerts bulletins.ntas bulletins permit secretary communicate critical terrorism information necessarily indicative specific threat united states reach homeland security partners public quickly thereby allowing recipients implement necessary protective measures. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | alerts issued specific credible information terrorist threat united states.alerts two levels elevated imminent.elevated alert issued credible information attack general information timing target.imminent alert issued threat specific impending near term.on march homeland security advisory system colorcoded terrorism risk advisory scale created result presidential directive provide comprehensive effective means disseminate information regarding risk terrorist acts federal state local authorities american people.many procedures government facilities tied alert level example facility may search entering vehicles alert certain level. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | since january administered coordination dhs also target frequent jokes ridicule part administrations detractors ineffectiveness.resigning tom ridge said always agree threat level adjustments pushed government agencies.in january office merged department homeland security white house homeland security council created homeland security act .homeland security council similar nature national security council retains policy coordination advisory role led assistant president homeland security.seal seal developed input senior dhs leadership employees u.s. commission fine arts.ad council – partners dhs ready.gov campaign – consulting company landor associates responsible graphic design maintaining heraldic integrity.the seal symbolic departments mission – prevent attacks protect americans – land sea air. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | center seal graphically styled white american eagle appears circular blue field.eagles outstretched wings break inner red ring outer white ring contains words u.s. department top half homeland security bottom half circular placement.eagles wings break inner circle outer ring suggest department homeland security break traditional bureaucracy perform government functions differently.tradition great seal united states eagles talon left holds olive branch leaves seeds eagles talon right grasps arrows.centered eagles breast shield divided three sections containing elements represent american homeland – air land sea.top element dark blue sky contains stars representing original entities come together form department. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | left shield element contains white mountains behind green plain underneath light blue sky.right shield element contains four wave shapes representing oceans alternating light dark blue separated white lines.dhs june headquarters since inception department temporary headquarters washington d.c.s nebraska avenue complex former naval facility.acre ha site across american university buildings comprising square feet administrative space.early department submitted . |
United States Department of Homeland Security | billion plan congress consolidate plus washingtonarea offices single headquarters complex st. elizabeths hospital campus anacostia southeast washington d.c.the move championed district columbia officials positive economic impact would historically depressed anacostia.move criticized historic preservationists claimed revitalization plans would destroy dozens historic buildings campus.community activists criticized plans facility would remain walled little interaction surrounding area.in february general services administration said site would open .dhs headquarters staff began moving st. elizabeths april completion center building renovation.disaster preparedness response congressional budgeting effects senate homeland security governmental affairs committee hearing reauthorization dhs deputy secretary elaine duke said weariness anxiety within dhs repeated congressional efforts agree longterm spending plan resulted several threats shut federal government. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | shutdowns disruptive duke said.said repeated failure longtime spending plan resulting shortterm continuing resolutions crs caused angst among departments employees weeks leading crs.uncertainty funding hampers dhss ability pursue major projects takes away attention manpower important priorities.seventy percent dhs employees considered essential furloughed government shutdowns.ready.gov soon formation department worked ad council launch ready campaign national public service advertising psa campaign educate empower americans prepare respond emergencies including natural manmade disasters. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | pro bono creative support martin agency richmond virginia campaign website ready.gov materials conceived march launched february launch iraq war.one first announcements garnered widespread public attention campaign one tom ridge stated case chemical attack citizens use duct tape plastic sheeting build homemade bunker sheltering place protect themselves.result sales duct tape skyrocketed dhs criticized alarmist.on march federal emergency management agency absorbed dhs fall took coordination campaign.ready campaign spanishlanguage version listo.gov asks individuals build emergency supply kit make family emergency plan informed different types emergencies occur respond.campaign messages promoted television radio print outdoor web psas well brochures tollfree phone lines english spanish language websites ready.gov listo.gov.the general campaign aims reach americans targeted resources also available via ready business small mediumsized business ready kids parents teachers children ages –. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | campaign also launched series psas help whole community people disabilities others access functional needs prepare emergencies included open captioning certified deaf interpreter audio descriptions viewers blind low vision.national incident management system march national incident management system nims created.stated purpose provide consistent incident management approach federal state local tribal governments.homeland security presidential directive federal departments required adopt nims use individual domestic incident management emergency prevention preparedness response recovery mitigation program activities.national response framework december national response plan nrp created attempt align federal coordination structures capabilities resources unified alldiscipline allhazards approach domestic incident management. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | nrp built template nims.on january national response framework published federal register updated replacement nrp effective march .surge capacity force postkatrina emergency management reform act directs dhs secretary designate employees throughout department staff surge capacity force scf.declared disaster dhs secretary determine scf support necessary.secretary authorize fema task deploy designated personnel dhs components federal executive agencies respond extraordinary disasters.cybersecurity dhs national cyber security division ncsd responsible response system risk management program requirements cybersecurity u.s. division home uscert operations national cyber alert system. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | dhs science technology directorate helps government private endusers transition new cybersecurity capabilities.directorate also funds cyber security research development center identifies prioritizes research development ncsd.center works internets routing infrastructure spri program domain name system dnssec identity theft online criminal activity ittc internet traffic networks research predict datasets deter testbed department defense hsarpa exercises livewire determined promise wireless security cooperation canada.on october dhs opened national cybersecurity communications integration center.center brings together government organizations responsible protecting computer networks networked infrastructure.in january dhs officially designated staterun election systems critical infrastructure.designation made easier state local election officials get cybersecurity help federal government. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | october dhs convened government coordinating council gcc election infrastructure subsection representatives various state federal agencies election assistance commission national association secretaries state.criticism excess waste ineffectiveness department dogged persistent criticism excessive bureaucracy waste ineffectiveness lack transparency.congress estimates department wasted roughly billion failed contracts september .department came fire media revealed laura callahan deputy chief information officer dhs responsibilities sensitive national security databases obtained bachelor masters doctorate computer science degrees hamilton university diploma mill small town wyoming.department blamed billion waste fraud audits government accountability office revealed widespread misuse government credit cards dhs employees purchases including beer brewing kits plastic dog booties later deemed unusable boats purchased double retail price many later could found ipods ostensibly use data storage.a inspection infrastructure found department running hundred computer systems whose owners unknown including secret top secret databases many date security weak passwords. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | basic security reviews absent department apparently made deliberate attempts delay publication information flaws.data mining september associated press reported dhs scrapped antiterrorism data mining tool called advise analysis dissemination visualization insight semantic enhancement agencys internal inspector general found pilot testing system performed using data real people without required privacy safeguards place.system development lawrence livermore pacific northwest national laboratory since cost agency million date.controversy program new march government accountability office stated advise tool could misidentify erroneously associate individual undesirable activity fraud crime terrorism.homeland securitys inspector general later said advise poorly planned timeconsuming analysts use lacked adequate justifications. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | fusion centers fusion centers terrorism prevention response centers many created joint project department homeland security u.s. department justices office justice programs .fusion centers gather information government sources well partners private sector.they designed promote information sharing federal level agencies cia fbi department justice u.s. military state local level government.july dhs recognized least seventytwo fusion centers.fusion centers may also affiliated emergency operations center responds event disaster.there number documented criticisms fusion centers including relative ineffectiveness counterterrorism activities potential used secondary purposes unrelated counterterrorism links violations civil liberties american citizens others.david rittgers cato institute notesa long line fusion center dhs reports labeling broad swaths public threat national security.north texas fusion system labeled muslim lobbyists potential threat dhs analyst wisconsin thought pro antiabortion activists worrisome pennsylvania homeland security contractor watched environmental activists tea party groups second amendment rally maryland state police put antideath penalty antiwar activists federal terrorism database fusion center missouri thought thirdparty voters ron paul supporters threat ... mail interception msnbc reported grant goodman yearold retired university kansas history professor received letter friend philippines opened resealed strip dark green tape bearing words border protection carrying official homeland security seal. |
United States Department of Homeland Security | letter sent devout catholic filipino woman history supporting islamic terrorism.spokesman u.s. customs border protection acknowledged agency open mail coming u.s. citizens originates foreign country whenever deemed necessaryall mail originating outside united states customs territory delivered inside u.s. customs territory subject customs examination says cbp web site.includes personal correspondence.mail means mail said john mohan cbp spokesman emphasizing point.the department declined outline criteria used determine piece personal correspondence opened say often volume customs might opening mail.goodmans story provoked outrage blogosphere well established media.reacting incident mother jones remarked unlike prying government agencies homeland security wants know watching you. |
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