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Web browsing history	scandals aol released large amount data users including search history.although user ids names included users could identified based browsing history released.example user no.identified search history three months.in avast popular antivirus software accused selling browsing history third parties.preliminary investigation accusation officials czech republic.
Web browsing history	report shows avast sold users data jumpshot marketing analytics tool.avast claimed users personal information included leak.however browsing history could used identify users.avast shut jumpshot reply issue.protection user feels risk privacy ones intention disclosing personal information lower actions affected.
Web browsing history	however studies finds significant difference intention actions disclosing privacy information meaning user reduce actions sharing personal information take protection measures feeling concerned privacy.users privacy concerns would make fewer use online services.would also make protection measurements refusing offer information offering false information removing information online complaining people around relevant organizations.however hard users protect privacy due multiple reasons.first users enough privacy awareness.concerned tracked unless substantial impacts them.
Web browsing history	also aware personal data contains commercial values.generally difficult users notice privacy policy links kinds websites female users older users likely ignore notices.even users notice privacy links information disclosure may affected.addition users also equipped enough technical knowledge protect even notice privacy leakage.placed passive side little room change situation.most users make use ad blockers delete cookies avoid websites collect personal information try protect web browsing history collected.
Web browsing history	however ad blockers offer enough guidance users help improve privacy awareness.importantly rely standard black white list.lists usually include websites tracking users.ad blockers could effective tracking domains blocked.references
Central Authentication Service	purpose permit user access multiple applications providing credentials user id password once.also allows web applications authenticate users without gaining access users security credentials password.name cas also refers software package implements protocol.description cas protocol involves least three parties client web browser web application requesting authentication cas server.may also involve backend service database server http interface communicates web application.when client visits application requiring authentication application redirects cas.
Central Authentication Service	cas validates clients authenticity usually checking username password database kerberos ldap active directory.if authentication succeeds cas returns client application passing along service ticket.application validates ticket contacting cas secure connection providing service identifier ticket.cas gives application trusted information whether particular user successfully authenticated.cas allows multitier authentication via proxy address.cooperating backend service like database mail server participate cas validating authenticity users via information receives web applications.thus webmail client webmail server implement cas.
Central Authentication Service	history cas conceived developed shawn bayern yale university technology planning.later maintained drew mazurek yale.cas .implemented singlesignon.cas .
Central Authentication Service	introduced multitier proxy authentication.several cas distributions developed new features.in december cas became project java administration special interest group jasig responsible maintenance development.formerly called yale cas cas also known jasig cas.jasig entered talks sakai foundation merge two organizations.two organizations consolidated apereo foundation december .in december andrew w. mellon foundation awarded yale first annual mellon award technology collaboration amount yales development cas.
Central Authentication Service	time award cas use hundreds university campuses among beneficiaries.in april cas protocol specification .released.implementation apereo cas implementation apereo cas server reference implementation cas protocol today supports following featurescas v v v protocolsaml v v protocoloauth protocolopenid openid connect protocolwsfederation passive requestor protocolauthentication via jaas ldap rdbms x. radius spnego jwt remote trusted basic apache shiro mongodb pacj more.delegated authentication wsfed facebook twitter saml idp openid openid connect cas more.authorization via abac timedate rest internets grouper more.ha clustered deployments via hazelcast ehcache jpa memcached apache ignite mongodb redis couchbase more.application registration backed json ldap yaml jpa couchbase mongodb more.multifactor authentication via duo security saaspass yubikey rsa google authenticator totp more.administrative uis manage logging monitoring statistics configuration client registration more.global perapplication user interface theme branding.password management password policy enforcement.django implementation django cas server djangomamacas django central authentication service cas single signon server django cas client djangocasng django cas ... client authentication library support django ..
Defense in depth (computing)	..python .see also cosign single sign onjossolist single signon implementationsopenamopenidpubcookiesamlsamlbased products servicesshibboleth shibboleth consortium references external links stanford webauthuniversity minnesota cookieauthapereo cas projectdjangomamacasdjangocasngintent provide redundancy event security control fails vulnerability exploited cover aspects personnel procedural technical physical security duration systems life cycle.background idea behind defense depth approach defend system particular attack using several independent methods.layering tactic conceived national security agency nsa comprehensive approach information electronic security.term defense depth computing inspired military strategy name quite different concept.military strategy revolves around weaker perimeter defense intentionally yielding space buy time envelop ultimately counterattack opponent whereas information security strategy simply involves multiple layers controls intentionally ceding ground cf.
Defense in depth (computing)	honeypot.controls defense depth divided three areas physical technical administrative.physical controls physical controls anything physically limits prevents access systems.fences guards dogs cctv systems like.technical controls technical controls hardware software whose purpose protect systems resources.
Defense in depth (computing)	examples technical controls would disk encryption file integrity software authentication.hardware technical controls differ physical controls prevent access contents system physical systems themselves.administrative controls administrative controls organizations policies procedures.purpose ensure proper guidance available regard security regulations met.include things hiring practices data handling procedures security requirements.
Firesheep	commonly used methods using one following layers constitutes example defense depth.systemapplication securityantivirus softwareauthentication password securityencryptionhashing passwordslogging auditingmultifactor authenticationvulnerability scannerstimed access controlinternet security awareness trainingsandboxingintrusion detection systems idsnetwork securityfirewalls hardware softwaredemilitarized zones dmzvirtual private network vpnphysical securitybiometricsdatacentric securityphysical security e.g.deadbolt locks example following scenario web browser developed using defense depththe browser developers receive security trainingthe codebase checked automatically using security analysis toolsthe browser regularly audited internal security team... occasionally audited external security team... executed inside sandbox see also defenceindepth roman militarydefense strategy computing referencesindividual equipment small arms artillery vehicles unmanned vehicles future equipment future vehicles notes references globalsecuritywarfare.be russian military analysis archived may russian army military equipment vehicles russia armyrecognition.comцамто новости валерий герасимов за пятилетний период принято на вооружение более новых образцов вивтplugin eavesdropped wifi communications listening session cookies.detected session cookie tool used cookie obtain identity belonging session.collected identities victims displayed side bar firefox.clicking victims name victims session taken attacker.the extension released october demonstration security risk session hijacking vulnerabilities users web sites encrypt login process cookies created login process.warned use extension capture login details without permission would violate wiretapping laws andor computer security laws countries.
List of web browsers	despite security threat surrounding firesheep representatives mozilla addons stated initially would use browsers internal addon blacklist disable use firesheep blacklist used disable spyware addons inadvertently create security vulnerabilities opposed attack tools may legitimately used test security ones systems.since firesheep removed firefox addon store.a similar tool called faceniff released android mobile phones.see also session hijackingcookie hijackinghttpstransport layer securityhttp strict transport security references external links firesheep home pageeric butlernew york times article firesheepsetting firesheep linuxhistorical table personal computer web browsers year release major version.increased growth internet means current browsers small market shares total users entire market early on.example market share would roughly million users start market share would equate million users.layout engines gecko developed mozilla foundation.goanna fork gecko developed moonchild productions.servo experimental web browser layout engine developed cooperatively mozilla samsung.engines development transferred linux foundation.presto developed opera software use opera.
List of web browsers	development stopped opera transitioned blink.trident developed microsoft use windows versions internet explorer internet explorer .edgehtml engine developed microsoft edge.largely rewritten fork trident legacy code removed.tasman developed microsoft use internet explorer macintosh.khtml developed kde project.webkit fork khtml apple inc. used apple safari formerly chromium google chrome.blink fork webkits webcore component google used chromium google chrome microsoft edge opera vivaldi.graphical current maintained projects listed boldface.trident shells software publishers built browsers products around microsofts trident engine.following browsers based rendering engine secure browseraol explorerbento browser built winampdeepnet explorergreenbrowserinternet explorermediabrowsermsn explorerneoplanetnetcaptorrealplayertencent traveler geckobased camino mac os x formerly chimeraconkeror keyboarddriven browsergaleon gnomes old default browserkmeleon windowskmeleonccf windows based kmeleon core mostly written luakninja windows based kmeleonmicrob maemominimo mobilemozilla firefox formerly firebird phoenixatt pogo based firefoxcliqz fork firefox web browsercometbird optimized fork firefoxcomodo icedragon firefoxbased web browser windowsflock based firefox version .. based chromium thereaftericeweasel debians firefox rebrandgnu icecat gnus fork firefoxnetscape browser netscape navigator tenfourfox firefox port powerpc versions mac os xtimberwolf amigaos firefox rebrandtor browser patched firefox esr browsing tor anonymity networkswiftfox processoroptimised builds based firefoxswiftweasel processoroptimised builds based iceweaselwaterfox firefoxbased web browser windows macos linuxxb browser formerly xerobank browser torpark portable browser anonymous browsing originally based firefoxfirefox mobile codenamed fennecmozilla application suitebeonex communicator separate branch based mozilla application suiteclassilla updated fork suite mac os gnuzilla gnus forknetscape netscape based mozillaseamonkey successor mozilla application suiteiceape debians seamonkey rebrandskyfire mobileslimbrowseryahoo browser partnership browsers e.g.
List of web browsers	att yahoo browser verizon yahoo browser bt yahoo browser etc.goannabased basilisk – similar pale moon interface firefox – differenceskmeleon – starting version pale moon – fork firefox maintains support xulxpcom extensions retains user interface firefox – era gecko tridentbased browsers use trident gecko includekmeleon ie tab extensionmozilla firefox ie tab extensionnetscape browser webkit tridentbased maxthon version .qq browser blink tridentbased baidu browsermaxthon since version .gecko trident blinkbased browsers use trident gecko blink includeavant browserlunascape khtmlbased konquerorkonqueror embedded prestobased internet channel wii console operabasednintendo ds browser operabasedopera releases .webkitbased blinkbased chromiumamazon silkavast secure browserbliskbravecốc cốccomodo dragonepicgoogle chrome based blink since chrome v. jiobrowsermicrosoft edgeopera opera gxpuffin browserredcorerockmeltsleipnirsrware irontorchungoogledchromiumqutebrowser blink backend mostly stablevivaldinaver whaleyandex browserqt webenginedooble version .falkon edgehtmlbased microsoft edge formerly using edgehtml using blink java platform bolt browserhotjavaopera miniteasharkthunderhawk specialty browsers browsers created enhancements specific browsing activities.current spacetime search web dzac browser children autism autism spectrum disorders asperger syndrome pervasive developmental disorders pdd pddnos discontinued flock enhance social networking blogging photosharing rss newsreadingghostzilla blends gui hide activitygollum browser created specially browsing wikipediakirix strata designed data analyticsmiro media browser integrates bittorrent addonnightingale open source audio player web browser based songbird see media player source codeprodigy classic executable within applicationrockmelt designed combine web browsing social activities facebook twitter unified one window experiencesongbird browser advanced audio streaming features builtin media player library.
List of web browsers	mosaicbased mosaic first widely used web browser.national center supercomputing applications ncsa licensed technology many companies built web browser mosaic.best known first versions internet explorer netscape.amosaicibm webexplorerinternet explorer .xinternet boxmosaiccknetscapespyglass mosaicvms mosaic others abaco plan bell labs linuxamayaarachne dos linuxarenaariadna amsd ariadna first russian web browseraweb amigaosbaidu mobile browsercharon infernodillo lowerend computersdrwebspyder dosembrowser dosflow browsergazelle microsoft research oslikeibrowse amigaosmothra plan bell labsnetpositive beosnetsurf open source web browser originally risc os gtk e.g.linux windows platforms written cphoenix browser based tkwwwplanetweb browser dreamcastqihoo mobile browserstkwww based tclvoyager amigaos mobile browsers amazon silkapple safaribravedolphin browsergoogle chromemicrosoft edgemozilla firefoxopera mobileqq browsersamsung internetuc browser textbased emacswewwline mode browserlinkselinkslynxwm see also history web browsertimeline web browserscomparison web browserscomparison browser engineslist search engineslist web browsers unix unixlike operating systemsusage share web browsersbrowser wars references external links adrian roselli evolt.org browser archive .list archive many current obsolete web browsers.daniel r. tobias brandx browsers .michael bernadi dos applications internet use .
Security Service of Ukraine	duties responsibilities security service ukraine vested within competence defined law protection national sovereignty constitutional order territorial integrity economical scientific technical defense potential ukraine legal interests state civil rights intelligence subversion activities foreign special services unlawful interference attempted certain organizations groups individuals well ensuring protection state secrets.other duties include combating crimes endanger peace security mankind terrorism corruption organized criminal activities sphere management economy well unlawful acts immediately threatening ukraines vital interests.organization general structure operational methods sbu appear similar predecessor kgb ukrainian soviet socialist republic exception ukrainian border guards department responsible security highrank state officials.became independent institutions.however sbu keeps control special operation units alpha bases every ukrainian province.according british political expert taras kuzio organizational structure sbu remains bloated size soviet ukrainian kgb total number active officers high .
Security Service of Ukraine	six times larger british domestic mi external mi combined together.structure central apparatus consists departmentsmain directorate corruption organized crime counteractionregional departments departmentsspecial departmentantiterrorist center cooperates numerous ministries state agencies ministry interior ministry defense ministry emergencies state border guard service others.educational institutionsnational academy security service ukraineinstitute preparation service personnel national law academy yaroslav wise.othersstate archives sbuspecial group alpha history ukrainian peoples republicukrainian state january ukrainian peoples republic founded security services.in may department state guard ministry internal affairs ukrainian state started form new intelligence service.much effective agency predecessor due incorporation former employees okhrana secret police force russian empire.fall ukrainian state return power ukrainian peoples republic unr december new unr authorities destroyed virtually state infrastructure ukrainian state.therefore new secret services founded january two divisions – domestic foreign start practically scratch.
Security Service of Ukraine	never became well lead successful security services ukrainian state.security services west ukrainian peoples republic hand wellorganized.west ukrainian peoples republic formed march field gendarmerie ukrainian galician army also served military police.cooperation west ukrainian peoples republic ukrainian peoples republic security services.in former april–july head intelligence ukrainian peoples republic mykola chebotarov started intelligence work initiative ukrainian peoples republic government exile territory ukrainian ssr.soviet era allukrainian cheka formed december kursk initiative yakov sverdlov lenins orders.
Security Service of Ukraine	commission formed decree provisional workers peasants government ukraine later adopted may allukrainian central executive committee.support soviet government ukraine moscow formed corps special assignment soldiers part allukrainian cheka.spring created council fight counterrevolution consisted adolph joffe stanislav kosior martin latsis.early years security agency fought kulaknationalistic banditry peasants resisted land confiscated forced collective farms.august allukrainian cheka arrested members allukrainian conference mensheviks accusing counterrevolution.
Security Service of Ukraine	december state political directorate ukraine dissolved becoming part nkvd ukraine.s– sbu successor ukrainian soviet socialist republics branch soviet kgb keeping majority personnel many came kgbs th directorate.created september following august independence ukraine.last ukrainian soviet socialist republics branch head colonelgeneral nikolai golushko stayed chairman newly formed security service ukraine four months moving russia.golushko headed russian federal counterintelligence service golushko .since agency competing intelligence functions intelligence branch ukrainian ministry defense.
Security Service of Ukraine	despite former military intelligence chief career gru technological espionage expert ihor smeshko served sbu chief .according taras kuzio regions ukraine donetsk sbu teamed local criminals taking part privatization state property socalled prykhvatizatsiya ignoring operational objectives skyrocketing level local violence.notorious incident took place december western ukraine local citizen yuriy mozola arrested sbu agents interrogated brutally tortured three days.refused confess trumped murder charges died sbu custody.later turned real killer anatoly onoprienko.arrested next year.reports sbu involvement arms sales abroad began appearing regularly early s. ukrainian authorities acknowledged sales arrested alleged participants.in sbus intelligence department reorganized independent agency called foreign intelligence service ukraine.
Security Service of Ukraine	responsible kinds intelligence well external security.exact functions new service respective responsibilities foreign intelligence service ukraine regulated yet.november president ukraine created ukraine state service special communications protection information also known derzhspetszvyazok statespeccom place one departments sbu making autonomous agency.sbu subsumed directorate state protection ukraine ukrainian управління державної охорони україни personal protection agency senior government officials former ninth directorate ukrainian kgb.the sbus state directorate personal protection known former major mykola melnychenko communications protection agent president leonid kuchmas bodyguard team.melnychenko central figure cassette scandal —one main events ukraines postindependence history.
Security Service of Ukraine	sbu became involved case melnychenko accused leonid derkach sbu chief time several crimes e.g.clandestine relations russian mafia leader semyon mogilevich.however udo subsumed sbu scandal melnychenko never sbu agent.later sbu played significant role investigation georgiy gongadze murder case crime caused cassette scandal itself.in general valeriy kravchenko sbus intelligence representative germany publicly accused agency political involvement including overseas spying ukrainian opposition politicians german tv journalists.fired without returning home.halfyear hiding germany kravchenko returned ukraine surrendered october investigation underway.later agency commanders became involved scandal around poisoning viktor yushchenko—a main candidate ukrainian presidential election.
Security Service of Ukraine	yushchenko felt unwell soon supper sbu chief ihor smeshko home smeshkos first deputy.however neither politician investigators ever directly accused officers.also important note personal protection department officially responsible yushchenkos personal security since became candidate.orange revolution several sbu veterans cadets publicly supported presidentelect agency whole remained neutral.– soon elections sacked sbu chief smeshko intelligence agents stated version revolutions events.
Security Service of Ukraine	claimed prevented militsiya violently suppressing protests contradicting orders president kuchma threatening militsiya armed involvement sbus special forces units.story first described american journalist c.j.chivers new york times never supported documents legally.the sbu widely suspected illegal surveillance eavesdropping offices phones.an episode human rights abuse sbu happened case serial killer anatoly onoprienko.yuriy mozola initial suspect investigation died sbu custody lviv result torture.several agents convicted case.
Security Service of Ukraine	sbu remains political controversial subject ukrainian politics.– former security service ukraine head valeriy khoroshkovsky involved several controversies tenure.rector ukrainian catholic university lviv borys gudziak heavily criticized visit sbu forcing khoroshkovskiy apologize.later head kyiv bureau konrad adenauer foundation nico lange detained short released several highranking officials german chancellery vouched him.security service described incident misunderstanding.
Security Service of Ukraine	khoroshkovskiy chairman sbu eliminated main competition ukrainian tvgiant inter officially owned wife olena khoroshkovskiy face tvi channel .july konrad schuller frankfurter allgemeine zeitung wrote khoroshkovskiy connections rosukrenergo.important source khoroshkovskiys came rosukrenergo.presidents spokesperson hanna herman interview newspaper dispute dmytro firtash one sponsors presidential party regions help khoroshkovskiy appointed position state security chairman.khoroshkovskiy denied connections rosukrenergo.
Security Service of Ukraine	however fact firtash possesses certain privileges inter.schuller also stated sbu acts direct association rosukrenergo arresting main opponents see rosukrenergo recover invested money recent presidential campaign.khoroshkovskiy declined give interview frankfurter allgemeine zeitung schuller posted quote one interviewsall experience indicates patriot.... see economic intrigues crime know methods money laundering banks illegally exchange currency.... knowledge much wider work here.when minister finance fedir yaroshenko resigned january khoroshkovsky replaced post day.
Security Service of Ukraine	khoroshkovsky also owner u.a.inter media group owns major shares various ukrainian tv channels including inter tv.members verkhovna rada voted khoroshkovsky however head parliamentary committee national security defense anatoliy hrytsenko stated committee accepted decision recommend verkhovna rada deny candidature khoroshkovskiy post chairman security service ukraine.khoroshkovskiy said sbus main duty protect president rather interests ukraine.july arrested internet blogger producing warrant arrest next day.sbu accused blogger threatening president ukraine citing comment may thunder strike yanukovych released short discussion.
Security Service of Ukraine	however sbu showed rather passive reaction statements russian state official claimed crimea sevastopol belong russian federation.protest group femen said early election president viktor yanukovych sbu attempted intimidate femen activists.on may volodymyr rokytskyi deputy head sbu photographed public wearing luxury wristwatch despite fact price amounts yearly official income.instance happened joint ukrainianamerican event dedicated fighting drug trade.the sbu uncovered seven spies special service agents .a large number arrests searches occurred .–present february numerous documents hard drives flash drives including data officers informants stolen destroyed raid sbu allegedly ordered president viktor yanukovych.late february opposition mp hennadiy moskal released papers showed sbu allegedly infiltrated late – february antigovernment euromaidan protest.according bbc ukraine analyst olexiy solohubenko many tactics discussed paper indeed performed.after overthrow yanukovich february ukrainian revolution new sbu head valentyn nalyvaichenko claimed found new office building empty saying agency’s former leadership fled russia crimea.
Security Service of Ukraine	operative files weapons.institutionally place totally destroyed.nalyvaichenko also claimed time agency heavily infiltrated russian spies.indeed nalyvaichenko predecessor oleksandr yakymenko former sbu top officials surfaced russia days later.allegedly months following ukrainian revolution thousands ukrainian spies switched sides began reporting russia crimean crisis prorussian unrest east south ukraine.
Security Service of Ukraine	end sbu agents including former counterintelligence chief cousin hundreds operatives arrested high treason probes yanukovychera sbu officials launched also regional directors changed well half deputies.july nalyvaichenko claimed there’s longer total infiltration russian agents.danger longer widespread.arrested agents replaced new recruits western ukraine many early twenties.test loyalty sbu agents subjected recurrent interrogations lie detector tests.in june kyiv post reported deputy chief sbu vitaly malikov supported events leading annexation crimea.
Security Service of Ukraine	according february official figures ukrainian parliamentary committee national security russias annexation sbu personnel left crimea.according sbu november so.on december two ukrainian civil servants arrested sbu spying behalf russia one sbu employee stanislav yezhov worked various cabinet ministers.in late sbu carries raids across country targeting ukrainian orthodox church moscow patriarchate churches priests.on july sbu announced conducted raid donbass apprehend vladimir borysovich tsemakh head air defense snizhne person interest buk missile launcher used shoot mh.sbu mentioned hes witness incident.on april sbu announced arrest lt. general valeriy shaytanov recruited fsb russianukrainian antiterrorist working group command colonel igor egorov.known head antiterrorist division played prominent role negotiating ceasefires prisoner exchanges russiabacked militants eastern ukraine.planned future assassination adam osmayev chechen international peacekeeping battalion named dzhokhar dudayev defending ukraine russia aggression.
Security Service of Ukraine	directors ukrainian peoples republic mykola chebotarov april–july – starting chebotarov started intelligence work initiative ukrainian peoples republic government exile territory ukrainian ssr.ukrainian extraordinary commission cheka department peoples commissariat internal affairsisaak shvarts december – april martin latsis april – august directorate extraordinary commissions special departments special commission ukrainian revolutionary committeevasiliy mantsev august – march central directorate extraordinary commissions special commission council peoples commissars ukrainevasiliy mantsev march – april ukrainian extraordinary commission cheka special commission council peoples commissars ukrainevasiliy mantsev april – august acting vsevolod balitsky august – september state political directorate gpu department ministry internal affairsvsevolod balitsky september – june stanislav redens –vsevolod balitsky february – july vsevolod balitsky –acting vasiliy timofeyevich ivanov israel moiseyevich leplevsky –alexander ivanovich uspensky acting amayak zakharovich kobulov –ivan aleksandrovich serov –pavel yakovich meshik vasiliy timofeyevich sergienko – ministry state security mgb sergei romanovich savchenko –nikolai kuzmich kovalchuk –pyotr ivanovich ivashutin – committee state security kdb tymofiy amvrosiyovych strokach –vitaliy fedotovych nikitchenko april – july vitaliy vasyliovych fedorchuk july – may stepan nestorovych mukha may – nikolai mikhailovich golushko – september security service ukraine sbu establishment september nikolai mikhailovich golushko acting september – november yevhen kyrylovych marchuk november – july valeriy vasyliovych malikov july – july volodymyr ivanovych radchenko july – april leonid vasyliovych derkach april – february volodymyr ivanovych radchenko february – september ihor petrovych smeshko september – february oleksandr valentynovych turchynov february – september ihor vasylovych drizhchany september – december valentyn oleksandrovych nalyvaichenko december – march valentyn oleksandrovych nalyvaichenko march – march valeriy ivanovych khoroshkovsky march – january volodymyr rokytsky acting january – february igor kalinin february – january aleksandr grigoryevich yakimenko january – february valentyn nalyvaichenko february – june vasyl hrytsak july – august ivan bakanov officially appointed parliament august presidential commissioner control security service ukraine activities dmytro yarmak –roman semenchenko –present human rights freedom speech violations according reports un human rights monitoring mission ukraine sbu personnel accountable multiple cases human rights abuses including enforced disappearings sexual violence torture.in amnesty international human rights watch reported sbu operates secret detention facilities civilians held incommunicado subjected improper treatment torture.in december un mission ukraine expressed concerns situation freedom opinion expression ukraine facing mounting challenges.according un reports sbu taking advantage broad interpretation application ukrainian criminal code independent ukrainian journalists bloggers media activists.service medals see also allukrainian extraordinary commission references external links sbus official web site ukrainian englishfrom history genocide russian.extraordinary commissions podillia pdf ukrainian.nbuv.
HTTP parameter pollution	vulnerability occurs user input sanitized correctly web application.vulnerability allows injection parameters web applicationcreated urls.first brought forth public stefano di paola luca carettoni conference owasp eu poland.impact vulnerability varies range simple annoyance complete disruption intended behavior web application.overriding http parameters alter web applications behavior bypassing input access validation checkpoints well indirect vulnerabilities possible consequences hpp attack.there rfc standard done passed multiple parameters.
HTTP parameter pollution	hpp could used cross channel pollution bypassing csrf protection waf input validation checks.behaviour passed multiple parameters name backend behaves.types clientside first order reflected hppsecond order stored hppthird order dom hpp serverside standard hppsecond order hpp prevention proper input validation awareness web technology hpp protection http parameter pollution.see also http response splittinghttp request smuggling references bibliography balduzzi marco torranogimenez carmen balzarotti davide kirda engin .automated discovery parameter pollution vulnerabilities web applications.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	proceedings network distributed system security symposium ndss – via researchgate.film acts softrebootsequel david finchers girl dragon tattoo.stars claire foy role lisbeth salander follows salander battles mysterious notorious organization spiders seek world dominance.sverrir gudnason lakeith stanfield sylvia hoeks stephen merchant also appear film.the girl spiders web world premiere rome film festival october theatrically released sony pictures releasing sweden october united states november .boxoffice disappointment film grossed .million worldwide received mixed reviews critics although foys performance praised.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	plot introduction sisters camilla lisbeth salander seen young girls playing chess home father crime lord alexander zalachenko.zalachenko asks camilla play game implication inappropriate sexual behaviour lisbeth tries drag away leaping high balcony snowdrift making escape leaving camilla behind.some years later stockholm sweden computer programmer frans balder hires lisbeth vigilante hacker retrieve firefall program developed national security agency access worlds nuclear codes.balder believes dangerous exist.lisbeth successfully retrieves firefall nsas servers unable unlock it.actions attract attention nsa agent edwin needham.mercenaries led jan holtser steal program lisbeth attempt kill though survives.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	misses scheduled rendezvous balder mistakenly believes lisbeth kept firefall contacts gabrielle grane deputy director swedish security service.grane moves balder young son august safe house.meanwhile needham tracks unauthorized login stockholm arrives seeking lisbeth firefall.lisbeth hacker friend plague contact lisbeths former lover investigative journalist mikael blomkvist help identifying assailants.blomkvist learns holtser previously worked lisbeths late father zalachenko affiliated elusive international crime syndicate known spiders.lisbeth puts surveillance balders safe house attacked intervenes attempting protect balder son.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	intercepted holtser kills balder frames lisbeth kidnaps august.lisbeth pursues rescues august.lisbeth also learns spiders leader sister camilla lisbeth believed dead.child lisbeth escaped abusive father leaving camilla behind hesitated leave.years physical sexual abuse camilla faked suicide went underground form spiders.lisbeth takes august another safe house confirms unlock firefall.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	elsewhere needham locates lisbeths girlfriend sofia persuades arrange meeting intending lure lisbeth trap.lisbeth evades needham later arrested grane.lisbeth helps escape exchange safely escorting august san francisco reunite mother begrudgingly agrees later give firefall.the spiders trick august calling fathers cellphone track lisbeths safe house.camilla spiders take august base operations sisters childhood home.grane hired spiders retrieve firefall informed balders location camilla kills grane instead.using tracker hidden august lisbeth blomkvist plague needham locate him.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	lisbeth breaks give plague remote computer access buildings surveillance system.caught taken august held.learns blomkvist also captured.camilla threatens torture lisbeth tells august trust reveal firefall password.camilla tries suffocating lisbeth describing fathers abuse.armed .
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	bmg sniper rifle remotely guided plague via computer needham fires brick walls eliminating camillas henchmen saving august blomkvist.camilla escapes laptop containing firefall lisbeth pursues her.holtser injected poison induces blindness stumbles woods onto road fatally hit camillas fleeing car.vehicle crashes trees.camilla injured escapes woods.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	lisbeth pursues nearby clifftop camilla tearfully asks never returned rescue lisbeth says camilla chose remain father rather escape her.camilla heavily bleeding drops laptop computer steps cliff lisbeth stop disappearing snowy mist apparently falling death.needham attempts access firefall discover lisbeth destroyed it.august reunited mother united states.blomkvist writes investigative article spiders web published millennium deletes it.lisbeth destroys childhood home closure rides away motorcycle.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	cast claire foy lisbeth salander computer hacker survived severe emotional sexual abuse.beau gadsdon young lisbeth salander.sverrir gudnason mikael blomkvist journalist millennium loverpartner lisbeth.lakeith stanfield edwin needham nsa security expert tracking salander.sylvia hoeks camilla salander lisbeths estranged sister head major crime syndicate.carlotta von falkenhayn young camilla salander.stephen merchant frans balder terminated employee nsa developed program called firefall accesses worlds nuclear codes.requests salanders help destroying program believes powerful player.vicky krieps erika berger publisher millennium.claes bang jan holster camillas accomplice.christopher convery august balder frans son.synnøve macody lund gabriella grane deputy director swedish security service.cameron britton plague close associate lisbeths computer expert reaches needs assistance.andreja pejić sofia lisbeths loverpartner.mikael persbrandt alexander zalachenko lisbeth camilla salanders father.volker bruch peter ahlgren.production november hollywood reporter announced sony pictures entertainment planning develop new film series based millennium novels starting book girl spiders web david lagercrantz.rooney mara daniel craig portrayed salander blomkvist respectively girl dragon tattoo would back film.new actors would cast david fincher would also return director though later received executive producer credit.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	steven knight announced talks adapt novel producers would scott rudin amy pascal elizabeth cantillon along yellow birds berna levin søren stærmose ole sondberg.thewrap reported alicia vikander considered role salander.however promoting carol mara stated still signed sequel far know im someone tells otherwise.tatiana maslany jane levy troian bellisario also linked project.in november variety reported sony negotiations fede álvarez direct film eli bush additional producer.march announced film would feature entirely new cast production set begin september .
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	may reported claire foy frontrunner play salander september foy officially cast film.sylvia hoeks joined cast october .rest cast announced next five months.principal photography began january berlin leipzig airport moved hamburg february – filming kattwyk bridge ended april stockholm.release girl spiders web released united states november sony.originally scheduled october moved march .
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	first trailer released june .film premiered rome film festival october .reception box office girl spiders web worldwide gross million production budget million.failed recover production budget emerged boxoffice bomb.in canada united states girl spiders web released alongside grinch overlord projected gross – million theaters opening weekend.made million first day including thursday night previews.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	went debut million .million opening first film finishing fifth box office.film fell second weekend .million finishing ninth.critical response review aggregator rotten tomatoes film holds approval rating based reviews average rating .. websites critical consensus reads girl spiders web focuses action elements source material less complex – sporadically effective – franchise reboot.
Dyn (company)	metacritic film weighted average score based critics indicating mixed average reviews.audiences polled cinemascore gave film average grade b f scale posttrak reported filmgoers gave positive score.references external links girl spiders web imdbthe girl spiders web rotten tomatoescompany acquired oracle corporation operated global business unit oracle acquisition completed .dyn services planned retired oracle may .history dyn created communityled student project tim wilde hired jeremy hitchcock tom daly chris reinhardt undergraduate studies worcester polytechnic institute.eventually wilde brought hitchcock daly partners.originally dyn enabled students access lab computers print documents remotely.
Dyn (company)	project moved towards domain name system dns services.first iteration free dynamic dns service known dyndns.project required stay open raised .the donation based model continued stopped launch donatoronly dns services.later premium service called dynect managed dns platform became available hiring kyle york gray chynoweth cory von wallenstein business began scale.in dyn opened office london eventually moved emea headquarters brighton.year dyn opened new headquarters manchester new hampshire united states.in october dyn completed series round venture capital funding totaling us million north bridge venture partners.
Dyn (company)	prior investment north bridge company self funded.in august dyn launched annual geek summer camp event business conference internet performance industry.in april dyn announced discontinuation free hostname services effective may .in september dyn launched dyn internet intelligence saasbased product.in may dyn obtained equity funding us million pamplona capital management total funding m. company scaled approximately annual recurring revenue prior acquisition oracle.also may dyn launched platform internet performance management.in october colin doherty appointed companys ceo.attack october dyns networks attacked three times distributed denialofservice attack causing major sites including twitter reddit github amazon.com netflix spotify runescape quora dyns website become unreachable via uniform resource locator although sites may available via ip address manually maintained hosts file.acquisition oracle november dyn announced agreed acquired oracle corporationin june oracle released internet intelligence map free tool provides data worldwide internet traffic disruptions.map uses internet intelligence technology oracle acquired dyn.in june oracle announced dyns managed standard dns services would shutting may date later extended may .email sent standard dns customers informed standard dns service would replaced enhanced paid subscription version hosted oracle cloud infrastructure oci.
Dyn (company)	several customers publicly shared would migrating oci.addition large number dyns manchester new hampshire employees laid office space put rent building owner.many people upset including early dyn adopters receiving free life standard dns service longer honored transition oci dns.truly appreciate support throughout years.discontinuing availability services received nocost may surprised affordable dns service within oci along outstanding capabilities service.dyn acquisitions dyn acquired three companies everydns editdns sendlabs.in september dyn acquired seosem ecommerce development parts incutio ltd. also acquired long time dns provider tzo.on january dyn acquired web performance monitoring company verelo.on may dyn acquired mobile dashboard app startup trendslide.on december dyn acquired readystatus tool notifies customers planned unplanned service interruptions.on march dyn acquired nettica usbased managed dns provider.on may dyn acquired renesys specialist monitoring internet provide data cloud services connectivity potential performance issues.on february oracle announced agreement acquire zenedge floridabased web application security company.
Dyn (company)	acquisition closed march zenedge became part oracle dyn global business unit.see also dns hosting servicepublic recursive name serversdynamic dnslist managed dns providers references external links manchester feels dyn effect.new hampshire business review..retrieved .ref
Malware	contrast software causes harm due deficiency typically described software bug.malware poses serious problems individuals businesses.according symantec’s internet security threat report istr malware variants number increased twice many malware variants .many types malware exist including computer viruses worms trojan horses ransomware spyware adware rogue software wiper scareware.defense strategies malware differs according type malware thwarted installing antivirus software firewalls applying regular patches reduce zeroday attacks securing networks intrusion regular backups isolating infected systems.malware designed evade antivirus software detection algorithms.
Malware	history notion selfreproducing computer program traced back initial theories operation complex automata.john von neumann showed theory program could reproduce itself.constituted plausibility result computability theory.fred cohen experimented computer viruses confirmed neumanns postulate investigated properties malware detectability selfobfuscation using rudimentary encryption.doctoral dissertation subject computer viruses.
Malware	combination cryptographic technology part payload virus exploiting attack purposes initialized investigated mid includes initial ransomware evasion ideas.before internet access became widespread viruses spread personal computers infecting executable programs boot sectors floppy disks.inserting copy machine code instructions programs boot sectors virus causes run whenever program run disk booted.early computer viruses written apple ii macintosh became widespread dominance ibm pc msdos system.first ibm pc virus wild boot sector virus dubbed cbrain created farooq alvi brothers pakistan.malware distributors would trick user booting running infected device medium.
Malware	example virus could make infected computer add autorunnable code usb stick plugged it.anyone attached stick another computer set autorun usb would turn become infected also pass infection way.older email software would automatically open html email containing potentially malicious javascript code.users may also execute disguised malicious email attachments.data breach investigations report verizon cited cso online states emails primary method malware delivery accounting malware delivery around world.the first worms networkborne infectious programs originated personal computers multitasking unix systems.first wellknown worm internet worm infected sunos vax bsd systems.
Malware	unlike virus worm insert programs.instead exploited security holes vulnerabilities network server programs started running separate process.behavior used todays worms well.with rise microsoft windows platform flexible macros applications became possible write infectious code macro language microsoft word similar programs.macro viruses infect documents templates rather applications executables rely fact macros word document form executable code.many early infectious programs including morris worm first internet worm written experiments pranks.today malware used black hat hackers governments steal personal financial business information.
Malware	today device plugs usb port – even lights fans speakers toys peripherals digital microscope – used spread malware.devices infected manufacturing supply quality control inadequate.purposes malware sometimes used broadly government corporate websites gather guarded information disrupt operation general.however malware used individuals gain information personal identification numbers details bank credit card numbers passwords.since rise widespread broadband internet access malicious software frequently designed profit.since majority widespread viruses worms designed take control users computers illicit purposes.
Malware	infected zombie computers used send email spam host contraband data child pornography engage distributed denialofservice attacks form extortion.programs designed monitor users web browsing display unsolicited advertisements redirect affiliate marketing revenues called spyware.spyware programs spread like viruses instead generally installed exploiting security holes.also hidden packaged together unrelated userinstalled software.sony bmg rootkit intended prevent illicit copying also reported users listening habits unintentionally created extra security vulnerabilities.ransomware prevents user accessing files ransom paid.two variations ransomware crypto ransomware locker ransomware.
Malware	locker ransomware locks computer system without encrypting contents whereas crypto ransomware locks system encrypts contents.example programs cryptolocker encrypt files securely decrypt payment substantial sum money.some malware used generate money click fraud making appear computer user clicked advertising link site generating payment advertiser.estimated active malware used kind click fraud adclicks fraudulent.in addition criminal moneymaking malware used sabotage often political motives.stuxnet example designed disrupt specific industrial equipment.politically motivated attacks spread shut large computer networks including massive deletion files corruption master boot records described computer killing.
Malware	attacks made sony pictures entertainment november using malware known shamoon w.disttrack saudi aramco august .types categories mutually exclusive malware may use multiple techniques.trojan horse trojan horse harmful program misrepresents masquerade regular benign program utility order persuade victim install it.trojan horse usually carries hidden destructive function activated application started.term derived ancient greek story trojan horse used invade city troy stealth.trojan horses generally spread form social engineering example user duped executing email attachment disguised unsuspicious e.g.
Malware	routine form filled driveby download.although payload anything many modern forms act backdoor contacting controller phoning home unauthorized access affected computer potentially installing additional software keylogger steal confidential information cryptomining software adware generate revenue operator trojan.trojan horses backdoors easily detectable computers may appear run slower emit heat fan noise due heavy processor network usage may occur cryptomining software installed.cryptominers may limit resource usage andor run idle times attempt evade detection.unlike computer viruses worms trojan horses generally attempt inject files otherwise propagate themselves.in spring mac users hit new version proton remote access trojan rat trained extract password data various sources browser autofill data macos keychain password vaults.rootkits malicious software installed system essential stays concealed avoid detection.
Malware	software packages known rootkits allow concealment modifying hosts operating system malware hidden user.rootkits prevent harmful process visible systems list processes keep files read.some types harmful software contain routines evade identification andor removal attempts merely hide themselves.early example behavior recorded jargon file tale pair programs infesting xerox cpv time sharing systemeach ghostjob would detect fact killed would start new copy recently stopped program within milliseconds.way kill ghosts kill simultaneously difficult deliberately crash system.backdoors backdoor method bypassing normal authentication procedures usually connection network internet.
Malware	system compromised one backdoors may installed order allow access future invisibly user.the idea often suggested computer manufacturers preinstall backdoors systems provide technical support customers never reliably verified.reported us government agencies diverting computers purchased considered targets secret workshops software hardware permitting remote access agency installed considered among productive operations obtain access networks around world.backdoors may installed trojan horses worms implants methods.infectious malware bestknown types malware viruses worms known manner spread rather specific types behavior likened biological viruses.worm worm standalone malware software actively transmits network infect computers copy without infecting files.
Malware	definitions lead observation virus requires user run infected software operating system virus spread whereas worm spreads itself.virus computer virus software usually hidden within another seemingly innocuous program produce copies insert programs files usually performs harmful action destroying data.example portable execution infection technique usually used spread malware inserts extra data executable code pe files.computer virus software embeds executable software including operating system target system without users knowledge consent run virus spread executable files.ransomware screenlocking ransomware lockscreens screen lockers type “cyber police” ransomware blocks screens windows android devices false accusation harvesting illegal content trying scare victims paying fee.jisut slocker impact android devices lockscreens jisut making nearly percent android ransomware detections.
Malware	encryptionbased ransomware encryptionbased ransomware like name suggests type ransomware encrypts files infected machine.types malware display popup informing user files encrypted must pay usually bitcoin recover them.examples encryptionbased ransomware cryptolocker wannacry.grayware grayware sometimes spelled greyware term coming use around applies unwanted application file worsen performance computers may cause security risks typically considered malware.greyware applications behave annoying undesirable manner yet less serious troublesome malware.
Malware	grayware encompasses spyware adware fraudulent dialers joke programs jokeware remote access tools unwanted programs may harm performance computers cause inconvenience.example one point sony bmg compact discs silently installed rootkit purchasers computers intention preventing illicit copying.potentially unwanted program pup potentially unwanted programs pups potentially unwanted applications puas applications would considered unwanted despite downloaded often user possibly failing read download agreement.pups include spyware adware fraudulent dialers.many security products classify unauthorised key generators grayware although frequently carry true malware addition ostensible purpose.
Malware	malwarebytes lists several criteria classifying program pup.types adware using stolen certificates turn antimalware virus protection technical remedies available.evasion since beginning sizable portion malware utilizing combination many techniques designed avoid detection analysis.common least commonevasion analysis detection fingerprinting environment executed.confusing automated tools detection methods.allows malware avoid detection technologies signaturebased antivirus software changing server used malware.timingbased evasion.
Malware	malware runs certain times following certain actions taken user executes certain vulnerable periods boot process remaining dormant rest time.obfuscating internal data automated tools detect malware.an increasingly common technique adware uses stolen certificates disable antimalware virus protection technical remedies available deal adware.nowadays one sophisticated stealthy ways evasion use information hiding techniques namely stegomalware.survey stegomalware published cabaj et al..another type evasion technique fileless malware advanced volatile threats avts.fileless malware require file operate.runs within memory utilizes existing system tools carry malicious acts.
Malware	files system executable files antivirus forensic tools analyze making malware nearly impossible detect.way detect fileless malware catch operating real time.recently types attacks become frequent increase makeup attacks .attacks easy perform becoming prevalent help exploitkits.risks vulnerable software vulnerability weakness flaw software bug application complete computer operating system computer network exploited malware bypass defences gain privileges requires run.
Malware	example testdisk .earlier contained vulnerability allowed attackers inject code windows.malware exploit security defects security bugs vulnerabilities operating system applications browsers e.g.older versions microsoft internet explorer supported windows xp vulnerable versions browser plugins adobe flash player adobe acrobat reader java se.example common method exploitation buffer overrun vulnerability software designed store data specified region memory prevent data buffer accommodate supplied.
Malware	malware may provide data overflows buffer malicious executable code data end payload accessed attacker legitimate software determines.malware exploit recently discovered vulnerabilities developers time release suitable patch.even new patches addressing vulnerability released may necessarily installed immediately allowing malware take advantage systems lacking patches.sometimes even applying patches installing new versions automatically uninstall old versions.security advisories plugin providers announce securityrelated updates.common vulnerabilities assigned cve ids listed us national vulnerability database.
Malware	secunia psi example software free personal use check pc vulnerable outofdate software attempt update it.approaches involve using firewalls intrusion prevention systems monitor unusual traffic patterns local computer network.excessive privileges users programs assigned privileges require malware take advantage this.example android apps sampled one third asked privileges required.apps targeting android platform major source malware infection one solution use third party software detect apps assigned excessive privileges.some systems allow users modify internal structures users today would considered overprivileged users.
Malware	standard operating procedure early microcomputer home computer systems distinction administrator root regular user system.systems nonadministrator users overprivileged design sense allowed modify internal structures system.environments users overprivileged inappropriately granted administrator equivalent status.users tend demand privileges need often end assigned unnecessary privileges.some systems allow code executed user access rights user known overprivileged code.also standard operating procedure early microcomputer home computer systems.
Malware	malware running overprivileged code use privilege subvert system.almost currently popular operating systems also many scripting applications allow code many privileges usually sense user executes code system allows code rights user.weak passwords credential attack occurs user account administrative privileges cracked account used provide malware appropriate privileges.typically attack succeeds weakest form account security used typically short password cracked using dictionary brute force attack.using strong passwords enabling twofactor authentication reduce risk.
Malware	latter enabled even attacker crack password cannot use account without also token possessed legitimate user account.use operating system homogeneity vulnerability.example computers network run operating system upon exploiting one one worm exploit particular microsoft windows mac os x large share market exploited vulnerability concentrating either operating system could subvert large number systems.estimated approximately malware infections january march spread via systems running windows .risk mitigated segmenting networks different subnetworks setting firewalls block traffic them.
Malware	mitigation antivirus antimalware software antimalware sometimes also called antivirus programs block remove types malware.example microsoft security essentials windows xp vista windows windows defender windows provides realtime protection.windows malicious software removal tool removes malicious software system.additionally several capable antivirus software programs available free download internet usually restricted noncommercial use.tests found free programs competitive commercial ones.typically antivirus software combat malware following waysrealtime protection provide real time protection installation malware software computer.
Malware	type malware protection works way antivirus protection antimalware software scans incoming network data malware blocks threats comes across.removal antimalware software programs used solely detection removal malware software already installed onto computer.type antimalware software scans contents windows registry operating system files installed programs computer provide list threats found allowing user choose files delete keep compare list list known malware components removing files match.sandboxing provide sandboxing apps considered dangerous web browsers vulnerabilities likely installed from.realtime protection specific component antimalware software commonly referred onaccess realtime scanner hooks deep operating systems core kernel functions manner similar certain malware would attempt operate though users informed permission protecting system.time operating system accesses file onaccess scanner checks file infected not.typically infected file found execution stopped file quarantined prevent damage intention prevent irreversible system damage.
Malware	avs allow users override behaviour.considerable performance impact operating system though degree impact dependent many pages creates virtual memory.sandboxing many malware components installed result browser exploits user error using security software antimalware though many sandbox browsers essentially isolate browser computer hence malware induced change also effective helping restrict damage done.website security scans website vulnerability scans check website detect malware may note outdated software may report known security issues order reduce risk site compromised.network segregation structuring network set smaller networks limiting flow traffic known legitimate hinder ability infectious malware replicate across wider network.
Malware	software defined networking provides techniques implement controls.air gap isolation parallel network last resort computers protected malware risk infected computers disseminating trusted information greatly reduced imposing air gap i.e.completely disconnecting networks applying enhanced controls entry exit software data outside world.however malware still cross air gap situations least due need introduce software airgapped network damage availability integrity assets thereon.stuxnet example malware introduced target environment via usb drive causing damage processes supported environment without need exfiltrate data.airhopper bitwhisper gsmem fansmitter four techniques introduced researchers leak data airgapped computers using electromagnetic thermal acoustic emissions.
Security token offering	see also references external links malicious software curliefurther reading research papers documents malware idmarch int.digital media archiveadvanced malware cleaning – microsoft videotokens used trade real financial assets equities fixed income use blockchain virtual ledger system store validate token transactions.due tokens classified securities stos susceptible regulation thus represent secure investment alternative icos subject numerous fraudulent schemes.furthermore since icos held traditional exchanges less expensive funding source small mediumsized companies compared ipo.sto regulated stock exchange referred tokenized ipo potential deliver significant efficiencies cost savings however.by end stos used multiple scenarios including trading nasdaqlisted company stocks preipo world chess fides official broadcasting platform creation singapore exchanges sto market backed japans tokai tokyo financial holdings.controversy regarding icos though sharing core concepts icos ipos stos fact different standing intermediary model.similarly icos stos offerings made selling digital tokens general public cryptocurrency exchanges binance kraken binaryx others.main difference stands fact ico tokens offered cryptocurrencys actual coins entirely digital classified utilities.
Security token offering	new ico currencies generated ad infinitum might cases tokens.additionally value almost entirely speculative arises perceived utility value buyers expect provide.security tokens hand actual securities like bonds stocks tied real company.in terms legislation jurisdictions treat stos icos cryptocurrencyrelated operations legislative umbrella.general though stos placed securities legislation together traditional ipos icos utilities differentiation made mostly casebycase basis.the main debate surrounding security tokens thus legal differentiation qualified utility instead security.generally legislation understands passive financial return expected investment classified security.way even offering company understands tokens merely utility asset expected return investment proven otherwise ico becomes unregulated sto passive legal punishment.
Security token offering	moreover assumption utility abused sto offering companies sell securities without regulatory compliance maliciously labeled icos.this legal ambiguity led ico offerers prosecuted sec security offering part though tokens announced utilities.companies include messaging apps kik telegram former sued sec million latter delaying offering plans similar prosecution.regulation one main selling points cryptocurrencies bitcoin decentralization aspect government influence control currency.extension cryptocurrency directly affected specific countrys jurisdiction sociopolitical environment economic events.lack regulation led rising largescale cryptorelated criminal activity ranging terrorist funding tax evasion go untracked unpunished.
Security token offering	similarly ico scams increasingly troublesome matter causing billions dollars losses damaging cryptocurrency markets value whole.so far stos regulated legalized many countries icos due fitting many already preexisting regulations regarding securities.examples security token offerings various stos globally.article oxford school law identified projects now.largest sto inx limited raised million.success rate projects lies somewhere near threshold.
Security token offering	ethereum leading blockchain platform used issuance.stellar comes second position major german sto restaurant chain losteria late .also swissbased blockchain developer jibrel ag collaboration abu dhabi global market launched jibrel.com platform offering security tokens tied startup equity.inx becomes largest traded security token world within days start trading security token offering service providers least confirmed security token offering service providers.newly launched like pathfund safememe memepad trustpad ampnet etc.many rapidly moving towards developed sto stage crypto market.
HP Application Security Center	see also initial coin offeringinitial public offeringalternative currenciesprivate currencydigital asset referencesmuch portfolio solution suite came hps acquisition spi dynamics.software solutions enabled developers quality assurance qa teams security experts conduct web application security testing remediation.security products repackaged enterprise security products hp enterprise security products business hp software division.products hp application security center consisted following productshp assessment management platform software managing web application security testing program across application lifecyclehp webinspect software web application security testing assessmenthp qainspect software standardized web application security testing quality assurance qa testingin may hp software announced availability hp application security center hp software service along announcement new releases hp application security center products.in september hp announced discontinuing hp devinspect software products formerly part hp application security center.hp stated switched focus solutions entire development groups rather tool individual developers.
HP Application Security Center	hp devinspect software individual developers use creating secure web applications services integrated specific ides integrated development environments.hp devinspect .net operated microsoft visual studio hp devinspect java operated eclipse rational ibm application developer.benefits hp application security center solutions helped find fix security vulnerabilities web applications throughout application software development lifecycle sdlc.catching security vulnerabilities early application development lifecycle organizations could reduce web attacks vulnerabilities web applications.security vulnerabilities may exist web server application infrastructure least percent vulnerabilities existed web application itself.hp application security center also creates compliance reports laws regulations best practices including pci dss payment card industry data security standard.
History of the web browser	pci dss worldwide information security standard defined payment card industry security standards council.information application security application securitysql injectioncrosssite scriptingpci dss payment card industry data security standard external links hp softwarehp enterprise security referencesprovides capture input information may returned presenting system stored processed necessary.method accessing particular page content achieved entering address known uniform resource identifier uri.may web page image video piece content.hyperlinks present resources enable users easily navigate browsers related resources.a web browser also defined application software program designed enable users access retrieve view documents resources internet.precursors web browser emerged form hyperlinked applications mid late following tim bernerslee credited developing first web server first web browser called worldwideweb spaces later renamed nexus.many others soon developed marc andreessens mosaic later netscape particularly easy use install often credited sparking internet boom s. today major web browsers chrome safari internet explorer firefox opera edge.the explosion popularity web triggered september ncsa mosaic graphical browser eventually ran several popular office home computers.
History of the web browser	first web browser aiming bring multimedia content nontechnical users therefore included images text page unlike previous browser designs founder marc andreessen also established company released netscape navigator resulted one early browser wars ended competition dominance lost microsofts internet explorer windows.precursors expanding ideas futurist ted nelson neil larsons commercial dos maxthink outline program added angle bracket hypertext jumps adopted later web browsers ascii batch maxthink files levels deep.released dos houdini knowledge network program supported topics crossconnected links file along hypertext links among unlimited numbers external ascii batch houdini files capabilities included popular shareware dos file browser programs hyperrez memory resident pc hypertext also added jumps programs editors graphic files containing hot spots jumps crosslinked thesaurusglossary files.programs introduced many browser concept years later google still lists references pc hypertext.larson created hyperbbs hyperlan allow multiple users createedit topics jumps information knowledge annealing concept columnist john c. dvorak says predated wiki many years.from neil larson also created transtext hypertext word processor many utilities rapidly building large scale knowledge systems.
History of the web browser	software helped produce one big eight accounting firms comprehensive knowledge system integrated litigation knowledge system integrating accounting lawsregulations cdrom containing files hypertext jumps.additionally lynx early webbased browser development history notes project origin based browser concepts neil larson maxthink.declined joining mosaic browser team preference knowledgewisdom creation distributing information ... problem says still solved todays internet.another early browser silversmith created john bottoms .browser based sgml tags used tag set electronic document project aap minor modifications sold number early adopters.time sgml used exclusively formatting printed documents.
History of the web browser	use sgml electronically displayed documents signaled shift electronic publishing met considerable resistance.silversmith included integrated indexer full text searches hypertext links images text sound using sgml tags return stack use hypertext links.included features still available todays browsers.include capabilities ability restrict searches within document structures searches indexed documents using wild cards ability search tag attribute values attribute names.peter scott earle fogel expanded earlier hyperrez concept creating hytelnet added jumps telnet sites ... offered users instant logon access online catalogs libraries around world.strength hytelnet speed simplicity link creationexecution expense centralized worldwide source adding indexing modifying telnet links.
History of the web browser	problem solved invention web server.in april draft patent application mass market consumer device browsing pages via links pagelink proposed craig cockburn digital equipment corporation dec whilst working networking communications division reading england.application keyboardless touch screen browser consumers also makes reference navigating searching text bookmarks aimed quotes paraphrased replacing books storing shopping list updated personalised newspaper updated round clock dynamically updated maps use car suggests device could profound effect advertising industry.patent canned digital futuristic largely hardware based obstacles market purely software driven approaches lacked.early world wide web first web browser worldwideweb developed tim bernerslee next computer time first web server machine introduced colleagues cern march .bernerslee recruited nicola pellow math student intern working cern write line mode browser crossplatform web browser displayed webpages old terminals released may .in tony johnson released midaswww browser.
History of the web browser	based motifx midaswww allowed viewing postscript files web unix vms even handled compressed postscript.another early popular web browser violawww modeled hypercard.year lynx browser announced – one early projects still maintained supported today.erwise first browser graphical user interface developed student project helsinki university technology released april discontinued .thomas r. bruce legal information institute cornell law school started develop cello.released june one first graphical web browsers first run windows windows .
History of the web browser	nt .os.however explosion popularity web triggered ncsa mosaic graphical browser running originally unix soon ported amiga vms platforms later apple macintosh microsoft windows platforms.version .released september dubbed killer application internet.first web browser display images inline documents text.
History of the web browser	prior browsers would display icon clicked would download open graphic file helper application.intentional design decision parts graphics support early browsers intended displaying charts graphs associated technical papers user scrolled read text mosaic trying bring multimedia content nontechnical users.mosaic browsers derived user option automatically display images inline show icon opening external programs.marc andreessen leader mosaic team ncsa quit form company would later known netscape communications corporation.netscape released flagship navigator product october took next year.ibm presented webexplorer os warp .udiwww first web browser able handle html features math tags released .

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