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Grey hat
tried repeatedly inform facebook bug told facebook issue bug.incident facebook corrected vulnerability could powerful weapon hands professional spammers.shreateh compensated facebooks white hat program violated policies thus making grey hat incident.see also anonymous groupcomputer crimecyber warfarehacktivismit riskme...
Login
isbn .a e .grey hat seo effective safest techniques web developers.secrets rank high including fastest penalty recoveries.research co. asin bhorm.user credentials typically form username matching password credentials sometimes referred login logon signin signon.practice modern secure systems often require second factor...
Login
logging may performed explicitly user taking actions entering appropriate command clicking website link label such.also done implicitly user powering workstation closing web browser window leaving website refreshing website within defined period.a login page may return url parameter specifies redirect back logging out....
Login
security precaution one rely implicit means logging system especially public computer instead one explicitly log wait confirmation request taken place.logging computer leaving common security practice preventing unauthorised users tampering it.also people choose passwordprotected screensaver set activate period inactiv...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
term log comes chip log historically used record distance travelled sea recorded ships log log book.sign connotes idea based analogy manually signing log book visitors book.while agreed difference meaning three terms login logon signin different technical communities tend prefer one another – unix novell linux apple ty...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
statesecurity function separated nkvd became peoples commissariat state security nkgb reintegrated months later nazi invasion soviet union.nkgb made independent organization response soviet occupation parts eastern europe.smersh—anecdotally derived phrase translated death spies—was designed counterintelligence unit wit...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
kgb took mantle nkgb mgb broke reformed mvd.functions mgb mgb essentially inherited secret police function old nkvd conducting espionage counterespionage well enacting policy supervision surveillance keep control prevent disloyalty.world war ii mgb used bring newly acquired eastern bloc soviet control.enforced rigid co...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
also responsible enforcing security regulations monitoring censoring information leaving coming country supervising vast majority soviet life including planting organizing agents track monitor public opinion loyalty well ensuring safety important government party officials.the mgb else security organization designed co...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
stalin’s last years soviet citizens arrested punished.many arrests made mgb founded flimsy fabricated evidence notably suspicion espionage podozreniye shpionazha psh.since many cases impossible prove espionage activities even intention spy case built suspicion espionage making acquittal impossible.structure general str...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
first main directorate maintained surveillance soviet colony sk—sovetskaya koloniya i.e.personnel soviet diplomatic trade technical cultural agencies functioning abroad.also sought infiltrate foreign governmental bodies businesses public organizations sensitive industrial plants cultural educational institutions etc.pl...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
ki sections dealing new east bloc soviet émigrés returned mgb later year.ki returned mgb first main directorate ministry state security.second third main directorates second main directorate focused domestic counterintelligence acted internal security political police force.goal department combat foreign intelligence o...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
investigation forms working methods regulations intelligence counterintelligence police administrative organs foreign countries.the third main directorate concerned military counterintelligence.carried many tasks smersh absorbed conducted political surveillance armed forces.relied heavily army special section ensure lo...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
responsible regulating repressing real imagined dissent within party apparatus soviet society.involved supervising almost every aspect soviet life including intelligentsia bureaucracy general administrative agencies cultural organizations educational institutions even party apparatus itself.investigated political relia...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
antisoviet movements guise nationalism.minor departments fourth directorate beginning mgb fourth directorate designed prototerrorist force combat antisoviet underground nationalist formations hostile elements.however viktor abakumov dissolved department kept main players special service group could continue pattern vio...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
responsible preparation security mobilization transport.department also responsible counterintelligence surveillance operations within transport programs.sixth directorate department shortlived organization designed collect process signals intelligence sigint.department initially composed nkgb’s th directorate responsi...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
th directorate dissolved resources personnel absorbed special services department guss cryptanalysis information security branch central committee.economic administration known ‘k’ division organization supervised economy ran economic counterintelligence industrial security.concerned implementation security programs re...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
able outdoor tailing photographic surveillance well able tap phone lines monitor conversations rooms hidden microphones covertly examining mail.also sections devoted codes cryptography ciphers.division protection leaders otherwise known guards directorate charged personal security top party officials.division provided ...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
list ministers viktor abakumov october – july sergei ogoltsov july – august actingsemyon ignatyev august – march major campaigns leningrad affairmingrelian affairoperation northnight murdered poetsdoctors plot intelligence operations red orchestra spycambridge five popular culture tom rob smiths novel child first leo d...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
statesecurity function separated nkvd became peoples commissariat state security nkgb reintegrated months later nazi invasion soviet union.nkgb made independent organization response soviet occupation parts eastern europe.smersh—anecdotally derived phrase translated death spies—was designed counterintelligence unit wit...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
kgb took mantle nkgb mgb broke reformed mvd.functions mgb mgb essentially inherited secret police function old nkvd conducting espionage counterespionage well enacting policy supervision surveillance keep control prevent disloyalty.world war ii mgb used bring newly acquired eastern bloc soviet control.enforced rigid co...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
also responsible enforcing security regulations monitoring censoring information leaving coming country supervising vast majority soviet life including planting organizing agents track monitor public opinion loyalty well ensuring safety important government party officials.the mgb else security organization designed co...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
stalin’s last years soviet citizens arrested punished.many arrests made mgb founded flimsy fabricated evidence notably suspicion espionage podozreniye shpionazha psh.since many cases impossible prove espionage activities even intention spy case built suspicion espionage making acquittal impossible.structure general str...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
first main directorate maintained surveillance soviet colony sk—sovetskaya koloniya i.e.personnel soviet diplomatic trade technical cultural agencies functioning abroad.also sought infiltrate foreign governmental bodies businesses public organizations sensitive industrial plants cultural educational institutions etc.pl...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
ki sections dealing new east bloc soviet émigrés returned mgb later year.ki returned mgb first main directorate ministry state security.second third main directorates second main directorate focused domestic counterintelligence acted internal security political police force.goal department combat foreign intelligence o...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
investigation forms working methods regulations intelligence counterintelligence police administrative organs foreign countries.the third main directorate concerned military counterintelligence.carried many tasks smersh absorbed conducted political surveillance armed forces.relied heavily army special section ensure lo...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
responsible regulating repressing real imagined dissent within party apparatus soviet society.involved supervising almost every aspect soviet life including intelligentsia bureaucracy general administrative agencies cultural organizations educational institutions even party apparatus itself.investigated political relia...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
antisoviet movements guise nationalism.minor departments fourth directorate beginning mgb fourth directorate designed prototerrorist force combat antisoviet underground nationalist formations hostile elements.however viktor abakumov dissolved department kept main players special service group could continue pattern vio...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
responsible preparation security mobilization transport.department also responsible counterintelligence surveillance operations within transport programs.sixth directorate department shortlived organization designed collect process signals intelligence sigint.department initially composed nkgb’s th directorate responsi...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
th directorate dissolved resources personnel absorbed special services department guss cryptanalysis information security branch central committee.economic administration known ‘k’ division organization supervised economy ran economic counterintelligence industrial security.concerned implementation security programs re...
Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
able outdoor tailing photographic surveillance well able tap phone lines monitor conversations rooms hidden microphones covertly examining mail.also sections devoted codes cryptography ciphers.division protection leaders otherwise known guards directorate charged personal security top party officials.division provided ...
Border Security Force
list ministers viktor abakumov october – july sergei ogoltsov july – august actingsemyon ignatyev august – march major campaigns leningrad affairmingrelian affairoperation northnight murdered poetsdoctors plot intelligence operations red orchestra spycambridge five popular culture tom rob smiths novel child first leo d...
Border Security Force
currently stands worlds largest border guarding force.bsf termed first line defence indian territories.history since independence protection indias international boundaries responsibility local police belonging border state little interstate coordination.however indopakistani war pakistan attacked sardar post chhar bet...
Border Security Force
end war government created border security force unified central agency specific mandate guarding indias international boundaries.act brought greater cohesion border security.k f rustamji indian police service first director general bsf.since new force officers deputed inducted outside fill various vacancies various le...
Border Security Force
fact bsf war eastern front started well war actually broke december .bsf trained supported formed part mukti bahini entered erstwhile east pakistan actual hostilities broke out.bsf played important role liberation bangladesh indira gandhi sheikh mujibur rehman also acknowledged.engagements indopakistani war operation b...
Border Security Force
organisation border security force headquarters new delhi known force headquarters fhq headed director general.various directorates like operations communications training engineering general law provisioning administration personnel armaments medical finance etc.function dg.directorate headed ig.eastern theatre looked...
Border Security Force
field formations bsf headed ig known frontiers headquarters ftrhq.frontier sector headquarters shq function headed dig each.shq command – infantry battalions along attachments artillery air water wings.presently battalions sanctioned bsf.five major training institutions ten subsidiary training centres stcs imparting ab...
Border Security Force
financial adviser bsf indian revenue service officer rank joint secretary also dy advisers indian audit accounts service indian civil account service indian defence account service.the bsf also national level school breeding training dogs.dogs cpos state police sent national training centre dogs ntcd trained infantry p...
Border Security Force
establishment battalion personnel.ndrf multidisciplinary multiskilled hightech force types disasters deploy disasters air sea land.battalions equipped trained natural disasters including combating chemical biological radiological nuclear cbrn disasters.since part modernisation bsf also started installing infrared therm...
Border Security Force
primary objective unit act quick reaction force prevent smuggling infiltration unwanted elements.unit specifically deployed indus river estuaries gujarat sir creek.raised .base operations unit located koteshwar outpost bsf.current strength .
Border Security Force
camel contingent bsf camel contingent specialized battalionsize camelry unit roots bikaner camel corps.primary purpose unit patrol desert section border pakistan.unit strength camels riders.camels well riders trained camel training centre located bsf frontier headquarters jodhpur.force modernization pacing bsf equipped...
Border Security Force
list dgs bsf mr. k.f.rustamji ips appointed first director general border security force july september current director general mr. pankaj singh ips since september .counterinsurgency operations although originally charged guarding indias external boundaries.bsf also given task counterinsurgency counterterrorism opera...
Border Security Force
however insurgency jammu kashmir broke moved towards state handed operations punjab crpf local police.jammu kashmir state police thinlydeployed central reserve police force crpf struggled cope spiraling violence deployed combat these.in jammu kashmir bsf initially suffered casualties terrorist attacks later saw success...
Border Security Force
bsf also credited killing ghazi baba chief jaishemohammed mastermind indian parliament attack august along deputy commander.bsf raided babas hideout srinagar killed ensuing gun battle along deputy chief.however changing tactical operational conditions expansion modernization state police government withdrew bsf battali...
Border Security Force
present total battalions bsf stationed different parts kanker district combat naxal menace.after recent civilian killings kashmir home ministry reinducted bsf counterinsurgency operations lawandorder duties valley.bsf units deployed sensitive areas lie various districts kashmir valley.proposal regarding guarding indomy...
Border Security Force
pistols handguns iof .revolver – shot handgunpistol auto mm mm × mm submachine guns carbines heckler koch mp mm × mm smgheckler koch mp k mm × mm smgberetta mx storm submachine guns.smgs procured replaced saf carbine a. assault rifles akm .xmm assault rifle.insas .mm × mm assault rifle.service rifle force.tavor x mtar ...
Border Security Force
multirole recoilless rifle carl gustav mm recoilless rifles grenade launchers ags automatic grenade launcher artillery mm mortar mm mortar mm mortar mm indian field gun aircraft embraer bj mi v helicopter mi v helicopter alhdhruv helicopter hal cheetah manpads sa gimletsa grail criticism controversy canadian controvers...
Border Security Force
canadian government respond immediately.speculated diplomatic retaliation india consist banning canadians going participate war afghanistan india.public outrage india prompted canadian authorities express great respect indias armed forces related institutions.subsequently indias ministry external affairs summoned canad...
Border Security Force
canadas minister citizenship immigration jason kenney termed unfortunate incidents involving use foul language canadian high commission visa rejection letters individuals kenney said language inaccurate impression created way reflects policy position government canada.bangladesh border killings according bangladeshi go...
Border Security Force
indian media claimed bangladesh rifles ambushed killed bsf soldiers chasing bangladeshi smugglers back bangladesh.since bsf compelled act tough bangladeshi illegals.perceived retaliation bsf averted home ministers countries talks issue.in july channel news reported apparently hundreds bangladeshis indians indiscriminat...
Border Security Force
report compiled interviews victims bsf shootings witnesses members bsf bangladeshi counterpart.according hrw killed crossed indian territory indulging cattle raiding smuggling activities.in february bsf website hacked bangladeshi hackers retaliation.hackers later shared news internet also social sites claimed defaced s...
WebRTC
allows audio video communication work inside web pages allowing direct peertopeer communication eliminating need install plugins download native apps.supported apple google microsoft mozilla opera webrtc specifications published world wide web consortium wc internet engineering task force ietf.according webrtc.org webs...
WebRTC
followed ongoing work standardize relevant protocols ietf browser apis wc.in january ericsson labs built first implementation webrtc using modified webkit library.october wc published first draft spec.webrtc milestones include first crossbrowser video call february first crossbrowser data transfers february july google...
WebRTC
one signaling protocol mandated sip websockets rfc often used partially due applicability sip envisaged communication scenarios well availability opensource software jssip.privacy issues arise exposing local capabilities local streamstechnical discussions within group implementing data channels particularexperience gai...
WebRTC
performs signal processing codec handling peertopeer communication security bandwidth management.rtcdatachannel allows bidirectional communication arbitrary data peers.uses api websockets low latency.the webrtc api also includes statistics functiongetstats allows web application retrieve set statistics webrtc sessions....
WebRTC
peerconnection data channel media capture browser apis detailed wc.wc developing ortc object realtime communications webrtc.examples although initially developed web browsers webrtc applications nonbrowser devices including mobile platforms iot devices.examples include browserbased voip telephony also called cloud phon...
WebRTC
webrtc establishes standard set codecs compliant browsers required implement.browsers may choose allow codecs well.concerns january torrentfreak reported serious security flaw browsers support webrtc saying compromised security vpn tunnels exposing true ip address user.ip address read requests visible browsers develope...
WebRTC
see also global ip solutions gipsrealtime transport protocol rtpsession description protocol sdpwebrtc gateway references reading proust s. ed.may .additional webrtc audio codecs interoperability.ietf.doi.rfc.
WebRTC
rfc .retrieved .valin j. m. bran c. may .webrtc audio codec processing requirements.ietf.doi.rfc.
WebRTC
rfc .retrieved .roach a. b. march .webrtc video processing codec requirements.ietf.doi.rfc.
WebRTC
rfc .retrieved .perumal m. wing d. ravindranath r. reddy t. thomson m. october .session traversal utilities nat stun usage consent freshness.ietf.doi.rfc.
WebRTC
rfc .retrieved .holmberg c. hakansson s. eriksson g. march .web realtime communication use cases requirements.ietf.doi.rfc.
Security bug
rfc .retrieved .external links official website wc web realtime communications working groupietf realtime communication webbrowsers rtcweb working groupvideo chat demo app based webrtclibdatachannel opensource webrtc network librarysecurity bugs introduce security vulnerabilities compromising one ofauthentication users...
Angular (web framework)
sans.retrieved july .angular complete rewrite team built angularjs.angular used frontend mean stack consisting mongodb database express.js web application server framework angular angularjs node.js server runtime environment.differences angular angularjs google designed angular groundup rewrite angularjs.angular concep...
Angular (web framework)
version angular .announced ngeurope conference –.october .drastic changes .version created considerable controversy among developers.
Angular (web framework)
april angular developers announced angular moved alpha developer preview.angular moved beta december first release candidate published may .final version released september .version december angular announced skipping avoid confusion due misalignment router packages version already distributed v... final version releas...
Angular (web framework)
minor release meaning contains breaking changes dropin replacement .x.x.features version .introducing httpclient smaller easier use powerful library making http requests.new router life cycle events guards resolvers.four new events guardscheckstart guardscheckend resolvestart resolveend join existing set life cycle eve...
Angular (web framework)
major release focused less underlying framework toolchain making easier move quickly angular future like ng update ng add angular elements angular material cdk components angular material starter components cli workspaces library support tree shakable providers animations performance improvements rxjs v. version angula...
Angular (web framework)
featuring differential loading application code dynamic imports lazy routes web workers typescript .support angular ivy optin preview.angular ivy optin preview includesgenerated code easier read debug runtimefaster rebuild timeimproved payload sizeimproved template type checkingbackwards compatibility version angular r...
Angular (web framework)
.. addition hundreds bug fixes ivy compiler runtime offers numerous advantagessmaller bundle sizesfaster testingbetter debuggingimproved css class style bindingimproved type checkingimproved build errorsimproved build times enabling aot defaultimproved internationalization version angular released june .new date range ...
Angular (web framework)
support policy schedule major releases supported months.consists months active support regularlyscheduled updates patches released.followed months longterm support lts critical fixes security patches released.libraries angular material angular material ui component library implements material design angular.see also re...
Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Protocol
detection download configuration file complete executed determine proxy specified url.history wpad protocol outlines mechanism discovering location file commonly deployed configuration file format proxy autoconfig format originally designed netscape netscape navigator ..the wpad protocol drafted consortium companies in...
Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Protocol
topic article.the wpad standard defines two alternative methods system administrator use publish location proxy configuration file using dynamic host configuration protocol dhcp domain name system dnsbefore fetching first page web browser implementing method sends dhcpinform query local dhcp server uses url wpad option...
Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Protocol
dhcpv wpadoption defined.notice firefox support dhcp dns true chrome platforms windows chromeos versions chrome older version .when constructing query packet dns lookup removes first part domain name client host name replaces wpad.moves hierarchy removing parts domain name finds wpad pac file leaves current organisatio...
Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Protocol
see proxy autoconfig details.internet explorer konqueror currently browsers offering support dhcp dns methods dns method supported major browsers.requirements order wpad work requirements metin order use dhcp server must configured serve sitelocal option autoproxyconfig string value e.g.httpexample.comwpad.dat example....
Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Protocol
security greatly simplifying configuration one organisations web browsers wpad protocol used care simple mistakes open doors attackers change appears users browseran attacker inside network set dhcp server hands url malicious pac script.if network company.co.uk file httpwpad.company.co.ukwpad.dat isnt served browsers g...
Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Protocol
presentation kiwicon showed rest world still critically vulnerable security hole sample domain registered new zealand testing purposes receiving proxy requests country rate several second.several wpad.tld domain names including com net org us point client loopback address help protect vulnerability though names still r...
Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Protocol
automatic proxy http server configuration web browsers.frequently given answers.jim groves november .dns server global query block list.microsoft.pac file wpad examples..
Web browsing history
usually stored locally web browsers order provide user history list go back previously visited pages.reflect users interests needs browsing habits.all major browsers private browsing mode browsing history recorded.protect browsing history collected thirdparties targeted advertising purposes.applications local history l...
Web browsing history
mozilla firefox desktop version records history indefinitely default inside file named places.sqlite automatically erases earliest history upon exhausted disk space google chrome desktop version stores history ten weeks default automatically pruning earlier entries.indefinite history file named archived history recorde...
Web browsing history
system automatically bids price presenting advertisements certain websites.advertisers decide much willing pay based target audience websites.therefore information users could encourage advertisers pay higher prices.information users browsing history provided firms involved bidding.since realtime process information us...
Web browsing history
user limited knowledge information collected stored used.the response user towards targeted advertising depends whether one knows information collected.user already knows information collected ahead time targeted advertisement could potentially create positive effect leading higher intention clicking link.however user ...
Web browsing history
broker exists users advertisers.users could decide whether provide personal information broker broker would send personal information offered users advertisers.meanwhile users could receive monetary rewards sharing personal information.could help protect privacy tracking efficiency would lead extra cost.personalized pr...
Web browsing history
web browsing history could give reliable predictions purchasing behaviors users.using personalized pricing profit firms could increase .compared status quo cases.research web browsing history could used facilitate research revealing browsing behavior people.user browses extensively one site probability requesting addit...
Web browsing history
user visits sites likelihood requesting extra pages reduces.web browsing history could also used create personal web libraries.personal web library created collecting analyzing web browsing history user.could help user notice browsing trends time distribution frequently used websites.users regard function helpful.priva...
Web browsing history
however almost websites tracked adwares potentially unwanted programs pups collect users information without consents.tracking methods usually allowed platforms default.web browsing history also collected cookies websites could divided two kinds firstparty cookies thirdparty cookies.thirdparty cookies usually embedded ...
Web browsing history
firstparty cookies access users data one website thirdparty cookies could combine data collected different websites make image user complete.meanwhile several thirdparty cookies could exist website.with enough information available users could identified without log account.when thirdparty cookies collect web browsing ...
Web browsing history
scandals aol released large amount data users including search history.although user ids names included users could identified based browsing history released.example user no.identified search history three months.in avast popular antivirus software accused selling browsing history third parties.preliminary investigati...
Web browsing history
report shows avast sold users data jumpshot marketing analytics tool.avast claimed users personal information included leak.however browsing history could used identify users.avast shut jumpshot reply issue.protection user feels risk privacy ones intention disclosing personal information lower actions affected.
Web browsing history
however studies finds significant difference intention actions disclosing privacy information meaning user reduce actions sharing personal information take protection measures feeling concerned privacy.users privacy concerns would make fewer use online services.would also make protection measurements refusing offer inf...
Web browsing history
also aware personal data contains commercial values.generally difficult users notice privacy policy links kinds websites female users older users likely ignore notices.even users notice privacy links information disclosure may affected.addition users also equipped enough technical knowledge protect even notice privacy ...
Web browsing history
however ad blockers offer enough guidance users help improve privacy awareness.importantly rely standard black white list.lists usually include websites tracking users.ad blockers could effective tracking domains blocked.references
Web browsing history
usually stored locally web browsers order provide user history list go back previously visited pages.reflect users interests needs browsing habits.all major browsers private browsing mode browsing history recorded.protect browsing history collected thirdparties targeted advertising purposes.applications local history l...
Web browsing history
mozilla firefox desktop version records history indefinitely default inside file named places.sqlite automatically erases earliest history upon exhausted disk space google chrome desktop version stores history ten weeks default automatically pruning earlier entries.indefinite history file named archived history recorde...
Web browsing history
system automatically bids price presenting advertisements certain websites.advertisers decide much willing pay based target audience websites.therefore information users could encourage advertisers pay higher prices.information users browsing history provided firms involved bidding.since realtime process information us...
Web browsing history
user limited knowledge information collected stored used.the response user towards targeted advertising depends whether one knows information collected.user already knows information collected ahead time targeted advertisement could potentially create positive effect leading higher intention clicking link.however user ...
Web browsing history
broker exists users advertisers.users could decide whether provide personal information broker broker would send personal information offered users advertisers.meanwhile users could receive monetary rewards sharing personal information.could help protect privacy tracking efficiency would lead extra cost.personalized pr...
Web browsing history
web browsing history could give reliable predictions purchasing behaviors users.using personalized pricing profit firms could increase .compared status quo cases.research web browsing history could used facilitate research revealing browsing behavior people.user browses extensively one site probability requesting addit...
Web browsing history
user visits sites likelihood requesting extra pages reduces.web browsing history could also used create personal web libraries.personal web library created collecting analyzing web browsing history user.could help user notice browsing trends time distribution frequently used websites.users regard function helpful.priva...
Web browsing history
however almost websites tracked adwares potentially unwanted programs pups collect users information without consents.tracking methods usually allowed platforms default.web browsing history also collected cookies websites could divided two kinds firstparty cookies thirdparty cookies.thirdparty cookies usually embedded ...
Web browsing history
firstparty cookies access users data one website thirdparty cookies could combine data collected different websites make image user complete.meanwhile several thirdparty cookies could exist website.with enough information available users could identified without log account.when thirdparty cookies collect web browsing ...