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Java (software platform)	naughton informed scott mcnealy plan leaving sun moving next mcnealy asked pretend god send email explaining fix company.naughton envisioned creation small team could work autonomously without bureaucracy stalling sun projects.mcnealy forwarded message important people sun stealth project started.the stealth project soon renamed green project james gosling mike sheridan joining naughton.together engineers began work small office sand hill road menlo park california.aimed develop new technology programming nextgeneration smart appliances sun expected offer major new opportunities.the team originally considered using c rejected several reasons.
Java (software platform)	developing embedded system limited resources decided c needed much memory complexity led developer errors.languages lack garbage collection meant programmers manually manage system memory challenging errorprone task.team also worried c languages lack portable facilities security distributed programming threading.finally wanted platform would port easily types devices.bill joy envisioned new language combining mesa c. paper called proposed sun engineers produce objectoriented environment based c. initially gosling attempted modify extend c proposed development referred c soon abandoned favor creating new language called oak tree stood outside office.by summer team could demonstrate portions new platform including green os oak language libraries hardware.first demonstration september focused building personal digital assistant pda device named star graphical interface smart agent called duke assist user.
Java (software platform)	november year green project spun become firstperson wholly owned subsidiary sun microsystems team relocated palo alto california.firstperson team interest building highly interactive devices time warner issued request proposal rfp settop box firstperson changed target responded proposal settop box platform.however cable industry felt platform gave much control user firstperson lost bid sgi.additional deal company settop box also failed materialize.unable generate interest within television industry company rolled back sun.
Java (software platform)	java meets web june july – three days brainstorming john gage director science sun gosling joy naughton wayne rosing eric schmidt – team retargeted platform world wide web.felt advent graphical web browsers like mosaic internet could evolve highly interactive medium envisioned cable tv.prototype naughton wrote small browser webrunner named movie blade runner renamed hotjava .sun renamed oak language java trademark search revealed oak technology used name oak.although java .a became available download first public release java java .a hotjava browser came may announced gage sunworld conference.accompanying gages announcement marc andreessen executive vice president netscape communications corporation unexpectedly announced netscape browsers would include java support.
Java (software platform)	january sun microsystems formed javasoft group develop technology.while socalled java applets web browsers longer popular use java e.g.used serverside popular way run code clientside javascript took popular still possible run java jvmlanguages kotlin web browsers even jvmsupport dropped using e.g.teavm.version history java language undergone several changes since release jdk java development kit .january well numerous additions classes packages standard library.
Java (software platform)	since jse .java community process jcp governed evolution java language.jcp uses java specification requests jsrs propose specify additions changes java platform.java language specification jls specifies language changes jls managed jsr .sun released jdk .february .
Java (software platform)	major additions included extensive retooling awt event model inner classes added language javabeans jdbc.jse .december – codename playground.subsequent releases jse .rebranded java version name jse java platform standard edition replaced jdk distinguish base platform jee java platform enterprise edition jme java platform micro edition.major additions included reflection collections framework java idl interface description language implementation corba interoperability integration swing graphical api core classes.
Java (software platform)	java plugin released suns jvm equipped jit compiler first time.jse .may – codename kestrel.notable changes included bundling hotspot jvm hotspot jvm first released april jse .jvm javasound java naming directory interface jndi java platform debugger architecture jpda.jse .february – codename merlin.
Java (software platform)	became first release java platform developed java community process jsr .major changes included regular expressions modeled perl exception chaining integrated xml parser xslt processor jaxp java web start.jse .september – codename tiger.originally numbered .still used internal version number.
Java (software platform)	developed jsr tiger added several significant new language features including foreach loop generics autoboxing varargs.java se december – codename mustang.bundled database manager facilitates use scripting languages jvm javascript using mozillas rhino engine.version sun replaced name jse java se dropped .version number.major changes include support pluggable annotations jsr many gui improvements including native ui enhancements support look feel windows vista improvements java platform debugger architecture jpda jvm tool interface better monitoring troubleshooting.java se july – codename dolphin.
Java (software platform)	version developed jsr .added many small language changes including strings switch trywithresources type inference generic instance creation.jvm extended support dynamic languages class library extended among others joinfork framework improved new file io library support new network protocols sctp.java update released january expiration date april .in june last public update java remotely exploitable security bugs java announced.java se march – codename kenai.notable changes include languagelevel support lambda expressions closures default methods project nashorn javascript runtime new date time api inspired joda time removal permgen.
Java (software platform)	version officially supported windows xp platform.however due end java lifecycle recommended version xp users.previously unofficial manual installation method described windows xp sp.refers jdk developing platform java also includes fully functioning java runtime environment.java supported windows server r sp windows vista sp windows sp ubuntu .
Java (software platform)	lts higher oses.java se higher system requirements i.e.windows server web browser minimum certified upped internet explorer web browsers oracle dropped bit compatibility platforms i.e.oracles bit java virtual machines jvms certified.java se released september first lts release since rapid release model adopted starting version .first time openjdk represents complete source code java platform gnu general public license oracle still duallicenses optional proprietary license code differences modules unique proprietarylicensed version.java features include two new garbage collector implementations flight recorder debug deep issues new http client including websocket support.java se released march .java se released september .java se released march .java se released september .java se released march .java se released september .in addition language changes significant changes made java class library years grown hundred classes jdk .
Java (software platform)	three thousand jse .. entire new apis swing java evolved many original jdk .classes methods deprecated.usage desktop use according oracle java runtime environment found million pcs.microsoft bundled java runtime environment jre operating systems since sun microsystems sued microsoft adding windowsspecific classes bundled java runtime environment making new classes available visual j. apple longer includes java runtime os x version .system prompts user download install first time application requiring jre launched.
Java (software platform)	many linux distributions include openjdk runtime default virtual machine negating need download proprietary oracle jre.some java applications fairly widespread desktop use including netbeans eclipse integrated development environments file sharing clients limewire vuze.java also used matlab mathematics programming environment rendering user interface part core system.java provides cross platform user interface high end collaborative applications lotus notes.oracle plans first deprecate separately installable java browser plugin java runtime environment jdk remove completely future release forcing web developers use alternative technology.mascot duke javas mascot.when sun announced java se java would released free software license gnu general public license released duke graphics free bsd license time.new duke personality created every year.
Java (software platform)	example july future tech duke included bigger nose jetpack blue wings.licensing source code suns implementations java i.e.de facto reference implementation available time recently license terms severely restricted could done without signing generally paying contract sun.terms satisfy requirements either open source initiative free software foundation considered open source free software sun java therefore proprietary platform.while several thirdparty projects e.g.gnu classpath apache harmony created free software partial java implementations large size sun libraries combined use clean room methods meant implementations java libraries compiler vm comparatively small well defined incomplete fully compatible.
Java (software platform)	implementations also tended far less optimized suns.free software sun announced javaone java would become free open source software october oracle openworld conference jonathan i. schwartz said company set announce release core java platform free open source software within days.sun released java hotspot virtual machine compiler free software gnu general public license november promise rest jdk includes jre would placed gpl march except components sun right publish distributable source form gpl.according richard stallman would mean end java trap.mark shuttleworth called initial press announcement real milestone free software community.sun released source code class library gpl may except limited parts licensed sun third parties want code released free software opensource license.encumbered parts turned fairly key parts platform font rendering rasterising released opensource later sun see openjdk class library.suns goal replace parts remain proprietary closedsource alternative implementations make class library completely free open source.
Java (software platform)	meantime thirdparty project called icedtea created completely free highly usable jdk replacing encumbered code either stubs code gnu classpath.however openjdk since become buildable without encumbered parts openjdk b become default runtime environment linux distributions.in june announced icedtea packaged version openjdk fedora passed technology compatibility kit tests claim fully compatible java implementation.because openjdk gpl possible redistribute custom version jre directly software applications rather requiring enduser sysadmin download install correct version proprietary oracle jre onto systems themselves.criticism cases java support unnecessary web browsers security experts recommend run browser unless absolutely necessary.suggested java required web sites users separate browser installation specifically sites.generics generics added java .
Java (software platform)	already large framework classes many already deprecated generics chosen implemented using erasure allow migration compatibility reuse existing classes.limited features could provided addition compared languages.addition type wildcards made java unsound.unsigned integer types java lacks native unsigned integer types.unsigned data often generated programs written c lack types prevents direct data interchange c java.
Java (software platform)	unsigned large numbers also used many numeric processing fields including cryptography make java less convenient use tasks.although possible partially circumvent problem conversion code using larger data types makes using java cumbersome handling unsigned data.bit signed integer may used hold bit unsigned value relative ease bit unsigned value would require bit signed integer.additionally bit unsigned value cannot stored using integer type java type larger bits exists java language.abstracted using functions function calls become necessary many operations native languages.alternatively possible use javas signed integers emulate unsigned integers size requires detailed knowledge complex bitwise operations.
Java (software platform)	floating point arithmetic javas floating point arithmetic largely based ieee standard binary floatingpoint arithmetic certain features supported even using strictfp modifier exception flags directed roundings – capabilities mandated ieee standard .additionally extended precision floatingpoint types permitted present many processors permitted java.performance early days java hotspot vm implemented java .criticisms performance.benchmarks typically reported java slower c language compiles native code.javas performance improved substantially since early versions.
Java (software platform)	performance jit compilers relative native compilers optimized tests shown quite similar.java bytecode either interpreted run time virtual machine compiled load time runtime native code runs directly computers hardware.interpretation slower native execution compilation load time runtime initial performance penalty compilation.modern performant jvm implementations use compilation approach initial startup time performance equivalent native code.security java platform provides security architecture designed allow user run untrusted bytecode sandboxed manner protect malicious poorly written software.sandboxing feature intended protect user restricting access certain platform features apis could exploited malware accessing local filesystem running arbitrary commands accessing communication networks.in recent years researchers discovered numerous security flaws widely used java implementations including oracles allow untrusted code bypass sandboxing mechanism exposing users malicious attacks.
Java (software platform)	flaws affect java applications execute arbitrary untrusted bytecode web browser plugins run java applets downloaded public websites.applications user trusts full control code executed unaffected.on august java supported back microsoft windows os x linux found serious security flaw allowed remote exploit take place simply loading malicious web page.java later found flawed well.on january three computer specialists spoke java telling reuters secure people disable java.jaime blasco labs manager alienvault labs stated java mess.secure.
Java (software platform)	disable it.this vulnerability affects java unclear affects java suggested consumers disable it.security alerts oracle announce schedules critical securityrelated patches java.on january security experts said update still failed protect pcs attack.exploit hole prompted response united states department homeland security encouraging users disable uninstall java.apple blacklisted java limited order computers running os x operating system virus protection program.in responding thenrecent java security vulnerability issues security blogger brian krebs called users remove least java browser plugin also entire software.look forward world without java plugin remind readers quarterly patch updates probably years various versions plugin mostly removed enduser systems worldwide.
Java (software platform)	promising outlived usefulness browser become nightmare delights cybercriminals expense computer users.think everyone uninstall java pcs macs think carefully whether need add back.typical home user probably without it.business user may choice.adware java runtime environment history bundling sponsored software installed default installation updates roll every month so.
Java (software platform)	includes ask.com toolbar redirect browser searches ads mcafee security scan plus.offers blocked setting java control panel although obvious.setting located advanced tab java control panel miscellaneous heading option labelled option suppress sponsor offers.update system java yet release automatic updater require user intervention administrative rights unlike google chrome flash player.see also list java apisjava logging frameworksjava performancejavafxjazellejava concurrentmapcomparison java .net platformslist jvm languageslist computing mascots references external links official website sun.com – official developer sitehow jvm spec came be.
DMZ (computing)	infoq.com.– presentation james gosling origins java jvm languages summit java forums organizationjava introduction may java blogpurpose dmz add additional layer security organizations local area network lan external network node access exposed dmz rest organizations network firewalled.dmz functions small isolated network positioned internet private network.the name term demilitarized zone area states military operations permitted.rationale dmz seen belonging either network bordering it.metaphor applies computing use dmz acts gateway public internet.neither secure internal network insecure public internet.in case hosts vulnerable attack provide services users outside local area network email web domain name system dns servers.
DMZ (computing)	increased potential hosts suffering attack placed specific subnetwork order protect rest network become compromised.hosts dmz permitted limited connectivity specific hosts internal network content dmz secure internal network.similarly communication hosts dmz external network also restricted make dmz secure internet suitable housing special purpose services.allows hosts dmz communicate internal external network intervening firewall controls traffic dmz servers internal network clients another firewall would perform level control protect dmz external network.a dmz configuration provides additional security external attacks typically bearing internal attacks sniffing communication via packet analyzer spoofing email spoofing.it also sometimes good practice configure separate classified militarized zone cmz highly monitored militarized zone comprising mostly web servers similar servers interface external world i.e.internet dmz contain sensitive information accessing servers within lan like database servers.architecture dmz usually application firewall ftp cmz hosts web servers.
DMZ (computing)	database servers could cmz lan separate vlan altogether.any service provided users external network placed dmz.common services areweb serversmail serversftp serversvoip serversweb servers communicate internal database require access database server may publicly accessible may contain sensitive information.web servers communicate database servers either directly application firewall security reasons.email messages particularly user database confidential typically stored servers cannot accessed internet least insecure manner accessed email servers exposed internet.the mail server inside dmz passes incoming mail securedinternal mail servers.also handles outgoing mail.for security compliance legal standards hipaa monitoring reasons business environment enterprises install proxy server within dmz.following benefitsobliges internal users usually employees use proxy server internet access.reduced internet access bandwidth requirements since web content may cached proxy server.simplifies recording monitoring user activities.centralized web content filtering.a reverse proxy server like proxy server intermediary used way around.
DMZ (computing)	instead providing service internal users wanting access external network provides indirect access external network usually internet internal resources.for example back office application access email system could provided external users read emails outside company remote user would direct access email server reverse proxy server physically access internal email server.extra layer security particularly recommended internal resources need accessed outside worth noting design still allows remote potentially malicious users talk internal resources help proxy.since proxy functions relay nontrusted network internal resource may also forward malicious traffic e.g.application level exploits towards internal network therefore proxys attack detection filtering capabilities crucial preventing external attackers exploiting vulnerabilities present internal resources exposed via proxy.usually reverse proxy mechanism provided using application layer firewall focuses specific shape contents traffic rather controlling access specific tcp udp ports packet filter firewall would reverse proxy usually good substitute well thought dmz design rely continuous signature updates updated attack vectors.
DMZ (computing)	architecture many different ways design network dmz.two basic methods single firewall also known three legged model dual firewalls also known back back.architectures expanded create complex architectures depending network requirements.single firewall single firewall least network interfaces used create network architecture containing dmz.external network formed isp firewall first network interface internal network formed second network interface dmz formed third network interface.
DMZ (computing)	firewall becomes single point failure network must able handle traffic going dmz well internal network.the zones usually marked colors example purple lan green dmz red internet often another color used wireless zones.dual firewall secure approach according colton fralick use two firewalls create dmz.first firewall also called frontend perimeter firewall must configured allow traffic destined dmz only.second firewall also called backend internal firewall allows traffic dmz internal network.this setup considered secure since two devices would need compromised.even protection two firewalls provided two different vendors makes less likely devices suffer security vulnerabilities.
DMZ (computing)	example security hole found exist one vendors system less likely occur one.one drawbacks architecture costly purchase manage.practice using different firewalls different vendors sometimes described component defense depth security strategy.dmz host home routers refer dmz host which—in many cases—is actually misnomer.home router dmz host single address e.g.
DMZ (computing)	ip address internal network traffic sent otherwise forwarded lan hosts.definition true dmz demilitarized zone since router alone separate host internal network.dmz host able connect hosts internal network whereas hosts within real dmz prevented connecting internal network firewall separates unless firewall permits connection.firewall may allow host internal network first requests connection host within dmz.dmz host provides none security advantages subnet provides often used easy method forwarding ports another firewall nat device.
DMZ (computing)	tactic establishing dmz host also used systems interact properly normal firewalling rules nat.forwarding rule formulated ahead time varying tcp udp port numbers example opposed fixed number fixed range.also used network protocols router programming handle gre tunnels prototypical examples.see also bastion hostscreened subnetscience dmz network architecture dmz high performance computing references reading solutionbase strengthen network defenses using dmz deb shinder techrepublic.eric maiwald.network security beginners guide.
Computer security software	second edition.mcgrawhillosborne .internet firewalls frequently asked questions compiled matt curtin marcus ranum paul robertsonoften taken context defending computer systems data yet incorporate programs designed specifically subverting computer systems due significant overlap adage best defense good offense.the defense computers intrusion unauthorized use resources called computer security.similarly defense computer networks called network security.the subversion computers unauthorized use referred using terms cyberwarfare cybercrime security hacking later shortened hacking references article due issues hacker hacker culture differences whitegreyblack hat color identification.types various software implementations cybersecurity patterns groups outlining ways host system attempts secure assets malicious interactions includes tools deter passive active security threats.although security usability desired today widely considered computer security software higher security comes decreased usability higher usability comes decreased security.prevent access primary purpose types systems restrict often completely prevent access computers data except limited set users.
Computer security software	theory often key credential token unavailable access impossible.often involves taking valuable information either reducing apparent noise hiding within another source information way unrecoverable.cryptography encryption softwaresteganography steganography toolsa critical tool used developing software prevents malicious access threat modeling.threat modeling process creating applying mock situations attacker could trying maliciously access data cyberspace.various profiles potential attackers created including intentions catalog potential vulnerabilities created respective organization fix real threat arises.threat modeling covers wide aspect cyberspace including devices applications systems networks enterprises.
Computer security software	cyber threat modeling inform organizations efforts pertaining cybersecurity following waysrisk managementprofiling current cybersecurity applicationsconsiderations future security implementations regulate access purpose types systems usually restrict access computers data still allowing interaction.often involves monitoring checking credential separating systems access view based importance quarantining isolating perceived dangers.physical comparison often made shield.form protection whose use heavily dependent system owners preferences perceived threats.large numbers users may allowed relatively lowlevel access limited security checks yet significant opposition applied toward users attempting move toward critical areas.access controlfirewallsandbox monitor access purpose types software systems monitor access computers systems data reporting logging behavior.
Computer security software	often composed large quantities low priority data records logs coupled high priority notices unusual suspicious behavior.diagnostic programintrusion detection system idsintrusion prevention system ipslog management softwarerecords managementsecurity information managementsecurity event managementsecurity information event management siem surveillance monitor programs use algorithms either stolen provided police military internet observation organizations provide equivalent police radio scanner.systems born mass surveillance concepts internet traffic cell phone communication physical systems like cctv.global perspective related fields sigint elint approach geoint global information monitoring perspective.several instant messaging programs icq founded former members unit wechat qq rumored plapla connections may represent extensions observation apparati.
Computer security software	block remove malware purpose types software remove malicious harmful forms software may compromise security computer system.types software often closely linked software computer regulation monitoring.physical comparison doctor scrubbing cleaning ideas often made usually anti style naming scheme related particular threat type.threats unusual behavior identified system firewall intrusion detection system following types software used remove them.types software often require extensive research potential foes achieve complete success similar way complete eradication bacteria viral threats physical world.
Miles Taylor (security expert)	occasionally also represents defeating attackers encryption case data tracing hardened threat removal.antikeyloggersantimalwareantispywareantisubversion softwareantitamper softwareantivirus software see also computer securitydata securityemergency management softwarecloud workload protection platformscomputer antivirus software referencestrump administration appointee served united states department homeland security including chief staff department homeland security dhs tenure secretary kirstjen nielsen acting secretary kevin mcaleenan.first recruited department former dhs secretary white house chief staff john kelly senior advisor.in appointed dhs deputy chief staff taylor wrote new york times oped part resistance inside trump administration penname anonymous drew widespread attention criticism trump.september left administration went work google.november published book warning pen name anonymous.october revealed anonymous campaigning donald trumps reelection.in august leave absence work google produced ad republican voters trump denouncing trump endorsing joe biden presidential election.
Miles Taylor (security expert)	taylor first former trump administration official endorse joe biden.later cofounded renew america movement alongside former republican governors congressmen cabinet officials goal breaking donald trumps hold republican party.early life education taylor grew la porte indiana indiana state debate champion graduated valedictorian la porte high school .high school served page u.s. house representatives washington d.c. received bachelor arts international security studies indiana university bloomington attended harry s. truman scholar herman b. wells scholar.senior received ius inaugural presidential student internship recipient elvis j. stahr award given universitys top graduating seniors.taylor received mphil international relations new college oxford attended marshall scholar.
Miles Taylor (security expert)	career taylors decision career government largely motivated september attacks .later said wanted focus entire professional life making sure day like wouldnt happen dedicating career thought mission country thats advancement human freedom.in college taylor interned office secretary defense office vice president dick cheney.worked briefing book coordinator department homeland security secretary michael chertoff deputy secretary paul a. schneider.served regional policy intern defense department.taylor political appointee administration george w. bush.staffer house appropriations committee committee homeland security served chairman michael mccauls staff.
Miles Taylor (security expert)	taylor mccauls chief speechwriter national security advisor counterterrorism foreign policy.also served majority staff lead congressional task force combating terrorist foreign fighter travel.named penn kemble fellow national endowment democracy.department homeland security anonymous taylor joined department homeland security dhs february john kelly later white house chief staff secretary homeland security.taylor served dhs deputy chief staff senior advisor kelly.
Miles Taylor (security expert)	later served chief staff dhs toward end tenure secretary kirstjen nielsen beginning acting secretary kevin mcaleenan.taylor described version trump administrations travel restrictions tough tailored.reportedly clashed officials try limit number countries affected it.also involved debates regarding trump administration immigration policies.later described trump administration family separation policy sickening display bad judgment.taylor authored september new york times oped part resistance inside trump administration name anonymous.
Miles Taylor (security expert)	said april personally witnessed president trump offer homeland security staff federal pardons criminal prosecution arising actions stopping illegal immigration united states point taylor decided resign department.left dhs june anonymously released followup book warning november included account instability inside white house trump administration.usa today called book scathing portrait president administration chaos washington post wrote book modern historical parallel firsthand account sitting president written book form anonymous author.reached number one new york times best seller list.taylor initially denied anonymous number interviews.acknowledged anonymous said owed mea culpa journalists noted anonymous always said would ultimately come name.
Miles Taylor (security expert)	online discussion release warning answered questions anonymously said would reveal identity coming months election.also pledged donate bulk proceeds nonprofit organizations white house correspondents association.decision reveal identity taylor said october issuing critiques without attribution forced president answer directly merits rather creating distractions petty insults namecalling.wanted attention arguments themselves.google september taylor hired google government affairs public policy manager title head national security policy engagement.
Miles Taylor (security expert)	later promoted lead googles advanced technology security strategy.around time also became senior fellow auburn universitys mccrary center cyber critical infrastructure security member council foreign relations.public opposition trump administration august taylor took leave absence google support joe bidens presidential campaign.made ad republican voters trump denouncing trump endorsing biden presidential election.august taylor also wrote opinion piece washington post columnist jennifer rubin said oped adds detail could surmised story behind chaotic policy rollouts ad released may compelling election cycle.
Miles Taylor (security expert)	next day taylor appeared multiple news analysis shows saying former members trump administration considering speaking similarly.august taylor confirmed nbc news cofounding two unnamed republican officials republican political alliance integrity reform repair group aimed oppose trumps reelection reform republican party election.journalist judy woodruff asked taylor pbs newshour interview spoken rather immediately leaving administration.taylor respondedif come talked donald trump year ago left administration hes master distraction.would buried within day wouldnt mattered voters.right american voters reviewing presidents resume...so think theres important time extrump officials come actually talk experience inside administration kind man sits behind resolute desk oval office.taylors attacks trump extensive.
Miles Taylor (security expert)	among anecdotes revealed trump distracted pay attention intelligence briefings trump refused internal recommendations punish moscow interference u.s. affairs trump wanted swap puerto rico greenland dirty people poor.taylor also said trump tried block emergency aid california wildfire victims democratic state trump told homeland security secretary take marching orders cable talkshow host lou dobbs.in september taylor revealed lincoln project resigned dhs senior presidential adviser told list executive orders prepared case president trump wins second term taylor alleges orders deemed unacceptable first term presidency could harm presidents chances reelection.later buzzfeed reporter hamed aleaziz concluded taylor implying stephen miller senior presidential adviser guardian reiterating claim reporting millers biographer jean guerrero warns wishlist relating immigration policy trump second term.taylor also told news organizations trump ordered officials american flags raised back lowered honor senator john mccain trump deliberately ignored warnings rise domestic terrorism political reasons.taylor also among appeared special aired cnn october entitled insiders warning former trump officials.special taylor criticized trumps singular focus immigration especially border wall saying wallornothing approach governing meant president ignored critical homeland security threats country cybersecurity challenges counterterrorism manmade natural disasters foreign interference democracy.in june taylor tweeted would run united states presidential election independent trump win republican nomination.
Miles Taylor (security expert)	plan split conservative vote order deny trump victory though later indicated twitter seriously considering run himself.interview msnbc month taylor stated number one national security threat ive ever seen life countrys democracy party im — republican party.number one national security threat united states america ranking party isis alqaeda russia.also stated house minority leader kevin mccarthy republican became speaker would represent trumps hand speakers gavel.renew america movement taylor became regular cnn contributor august .
Miles Taylor (security expert)	following trumps loss biden taylor stepped role google continued appearing cnn working projects.in wake may decision house republicans remove representative liz cheney conference chair opposition trump taylor evan mcmullin organized group republicans—including former governors senators congressmen cabinet secretaries party leaders—to issue call american renewal threatening form third party republican party reform itself.in june taylor mcmullin launched new organization renew america movement ram.organizations stated goal recruit candidates elections challenge candidates continue support trump.october taylor former new jersey governor christine todd whitman published opinion piece new york times announcing ram would supporting rational republicans moderate democrats midterm elections goal steering power away protrump gop members.taylors group subsequently released slate house senate candidates planned raise tens millions dollars defend order counter donald trumps hold republican party.havana syndrome incidents february minutes interview taylor recounted two experiences matched havana syndrome symptoms.
Miles Taylor (security expert)	taylor also indicated aware cabinetlevel official similar episodes.personal life taylor lifelong member republican party.donated barack obama campaign presidential election said gunning john mccain... wanted able tell kids ... supported first black president united states.see also list former trump administration officials endorsed joe biden writings part resistance inside trump administration.new york times.
Miles Taylor (security expert)	september .anonymous warning.new york hachette isbn im longer anonymous.medium.october .references
Single sign-on	true single signon allows user log access services without reentering authentication factors.it confused samesign directory server authentication often accomplished using lightweight directory access protocol ldap stored ldap databases directory servers.a simple version single signon achieved ip networks using cookies sites share common dns parent domain.for clarity distinction made directory server authentication samesign single signon directory server authentication refers systems requiring authentication application using credentials directory server whereas single signon refers systems single authentication provides access multiple applications passing authentication token seamlessly configured applications.conversely single signoff single logout slo property whereby single action signing terminates access multiple software systems.as different applications resources support different authentication mechanisms single signon must internally store credentials used initial authentication translate credentials required different mechanisms.other shared authentication schemes openid openid connect offer services may require users make choices signon resource configured single signon services user consent disabled.increasing number federated social logons like facebook connect require user enter consent choices upon first registration new resource always single signon strictest sense.benefits benefits using single signon includemitigate risk access rdparty sites federated authentication user passwords stored managed externallyreduce password fatigue different username password combinationsreduce time spent reentering passwords identityreduce costs due lower number help desk calls passwordssimpler administration.ssorelated tasks performed transparently part normal maintenance using tools used administrative tasks.better administrative control.network management information stored single repository.
Single sign-on	means single authoritative listing user’s rights privileges.allows administrator change user’s privileges know results propagate network wide.improved user productivity.users longer bogged multiple logons required remember multiple passwords order access network resources.also benefit help desk personnel need field fewer requests forgotten passwords.better network security.eliminating multiple passwords also reduces common source security breaches—users writing passwords.
Single sign-on	finally consolidation network management information administrator know certainty disables user’s account account fully disabled.consolidation heterogeneous networks.joining disparate networks administrative efforts consolidated ensuring administrative best practices corporate security policies consistently enforced.sso shares centralized authentication servers applications systems use authentication purposes combines techniques ensure users actively enter credentials once.criticism term reduced signon rso used reflect fact single signon impractical addressing need different levels secure access enterprise one authentication server may necessary.as single signon provides access many resources user initially authenticated keys castle increases negative impact case credentials available people misused.therefore single signon requires increased focus protection user credentials ideally combined strong authentication methods like smart cards onetime password tokens.single signon also makes authentication systems highly critical loss availability result denial access systems unified sso.sso configured session failover capabilities order maintain system operation.
Single sign-on	nonetheless risk system failure may make single signon undesirable systems access must guaranteed times security plantfloor systems.furthermore use singlesignon techniques utilizing social networking services facebook may render third party websites unusable within libraries schools workplaces block social media sites productivity reasons.also cause difficulties countries active censorship regimes china golden shield project third party website may actively censored effectively blocked users social login blocked.security march research paper reported extensive study security social login mechanisms.authors found serious logic flaws highprofile id providers relying party websites openid including google id paypal access facebook janrain freelancer farmville sears.com.researchers informed id providers relying party websites prior public announcement discovery flaws vulnerabilities corrected security breaches reported.in may vulnerability named covert redirect disclosed.
Single sign-on	first reported covert redirect vulnerability related oauth .openid discoverer wang jing mathematical phd student nanyang technological university singapore.fact almost single signon protocols affected.covert redirect takes advantage thirdparty clients susceptible xss open redirect.in december flaws federated authentication systems discovered utilized attackers united states federal government data breach.due single signon works sending request loggedin website get sso token sending request token loggedout website token cannot protected httponly cookie flag thus stolen attacker xss vulnerability loggedout website order session hijacking.another security issue session used sso stolen protected httponly cookie flag unlike sso token attacker access websites using sso system.
Single sign-on	privacy originally implemented kerberos saml single signon give users choices releasing personal information new resource user visited.worked well enough within single enterprise like mit kerberos invented major corporations resources internal sites.however federated services like active directory federation services proliferated users private information sent affiliated sites control enterprise collected data user.since privacy regulations tightening legislation like gdpr newer methods like openid connect started become attractive example mit originator kerberos supports openid connect.email address single signon theory work without revealing identifying information email addresses relying party credential consumer many credential providers allow users configure information passed credential consumer.
Single sign-on	google facebook signin require users share email addresses credential consumer.sign apple introduced ios allows user request unique relay email address time user signs new service thus reducing likelihood account linking credential consumer.common configurations kerberosbased initial signon prompts user credentials gets kerberos ticketgranting ticket tgt.additional software applications requiring authentication email clients wikis revisioncontrol systems use ticketgranting ticket acquire service tickets proving users identity mailserver wiki server etc.without prompting user reenter credentials.windows environment windows login fetches tgt.active directoryaware applications fetch service tickets user prompted reauthenticate.unixlinux environment login via kerberos pam modules fetches tgt.
Single sign-on	kerberized client applications evolution firefox svn use service tickets user prompted reauthenticate.smartcardbased initial signon prompts user smart card.additional software applications also use smart card without prompting user reenter credentials.smartcardbased single signon either use certificates passwords stored smart card.integrated windows authentication integrated windows authentication term associated microsoft products refers spnego kerberos ntlmssp authentication protocols respect sspi functionality introduced microsoft windows included later windows ntbased operating systems.
Single sign-on	term commonly used refer automatically authenticated connections microsoft internet information services internet explorer.crossplatform active directory integration vendors extended integrated windows authentication paradigm unix including mac linux systems.security assertion markup language security assertion markup language saml xmlbased method exchanging user security information saml identity provider saml service provider.saml .supports wc xml encryption serviceprovider–initiated web browser single signon exchanges.
Single sign-on	user wielding user agent usually web browser called subject samlbased single signon.user requests web resource protected saml service provider.service provider wishing know identity user issues authentication request saml identity provider user agent.identity provider one provides user credentials.service provider trusts user information identity provider provide access services resources.
Single sign-on	emerging configurations mobile devices access credentials newer variation singlesignon authentication developed using mobile devices access credentials.users mobile devices used automatically log onto multiple systems buildingaccesscontrol systems computer systems use authentication methods include openid connect saml conjunction x. itut cryptography certificate used identify mobile device access server.a mobile device something opposed password something know biometrics fingerprint retinal scan facial recognition etc.something are.security experts recommend using least two three factors multifactor authentication best protection.see also central authentication serviceidentity managementidentity management systemslist single signon implementationspassword managersecurity assertion markup languageusability web authentication systems references external links single signon intro diagramsnote linked article exist even web archive
Jscrambler	obfuscator makes harder reverse engineer web applications clientside code tamper integrity.realtime detection web skimming dom tampering user interface changes monitoring framework used.jscramblers products used number sectors including finance broadcasting online gaming.history early days founding jscrambler started auditmark founded pedro fortuna rui ribeiro.companys initial focus developing solution fight clickfraud advertising campaigns since traffic audit mechanism javascript dependent.
Jscrambler	name flagship product jscrambler also became name company officially founded .investment september jscrambler raised total us.million funding roundsseed — jscrambler raised us portugal ventures public vc pe firm.seed extension — march jscrambler raised us.million round led sonae im coinvestment portugal ventures.series — september jscrambler raised us million round led ace capital partners participation sonae im portugal ventures.industry recognition jscrambler recognized deloitte technology fast ranking one emeas fastestgrowing tech companies.
ScanSafe	jscrambler also recognized gartner’s market guide inapp protection market guide online fraud detection hype cycle endpoint security hype cycle application security.media awards eurocloud best cloud startup awardbest solutions keeping javascript clean secure tech wire asiastaying safe accessing online banking infosecurity magazine referencescompany provided webbased software service saas organizations.history cofounded brothers eldar roy tuvey services block malware secure use web messaging.noted first successfully deliver secure web gateway service company competes similar services offered blue coat systems messagelabs purewire webroot websense zscaler.scansafe offices london england san francisco california maintains alliance partnerships google att sprint kaspersky telus nec orange business services integralis softscan topnordic viatel ancoris fvc.messagelabs major provider messaging services ended strategic partnership two companies .messagelabs introduced competing inhouse product titled web security service version resulting court judgment brought scansafe required messagelabs notify prospective clients version service based scansafe technology.in november malware outbreak indiatimes website reported scansafe.whilst website wasnt victim attack notable due popularity website number vulnerabilities malware attempted exploit.
ScanSafe	alexa regularly ranks indiatimes one top visited websites.in january scansafe reported malware infection official website paris hilton.in october scansafe discontinued scandoo free service provided advance warning security risks offensive content search engine results.in october cisco announced acquisition scansafe approximately us million.scansafe integrated cisco security business unit.deal completed december .recognition scansafe named one top technology startups world red herring awarded best software service saas solution codie awards best content security solution consecutive years voted sc magazine readers.september scansafe awarded cnet security product service year anywhere product software based filtering solution mobile users.a report gartner identified scansafe challenger secure web gateway swg market moved visionary position previously occupied .
Cross-site cooking	gartner acknowledged strong partner relationships ability offer excellent solution companies high percentage mobile workers andor remote offices noted service expensive report archiving limited.in october idc reported scansafe holds worldwide saas web security market vendor sector.referencesattack scenarios may also possible example attacker may know security vulnerability server exploitable using cookie.security vulnerability requires e.g.administrator password attacker know crosssite cooking could used fool innocent users unintentionally perform attack.cross site.crosssite cooking similar concept crosssite scripting crosssite request forgery crosssite tracing crosszone scripting etc.involves ability move data code different web sites cases email instant messages sites.
Cross-site cooking	problems linked fact web browser shared platform different information applications sites.logical security boundaries maintained browsers ensures one site cannot corrupt steal data another.however browser exploit crosssite cooking used move things across logical security boundaries.origins name crosssite cooking concept presented michał zalewski .name mix cookie crosssite attempting describe nature cookies set across sites.in michał zalewskis article benjamin franz credited discovery may reported cookie domain related vulnerability vendors.
Cross-site cooking	benjamin franz published vulnerability discussed mainly way circumvent privacy protection mechanisms popular browsers.michał zalewski concluded bug years later still present unresolved browsers could exploited crosssite cooking.various remarks vendors ... certainly hurry fix made zalewski others.references external links crosssite cooking article michal zalewski.details concept bugs enables cross site cooking.
Simson Garfinkel	one bugs age old bug originally found benjamin franz.previously computer scientist national institute standards technology prior associate professor naval postgraduate school monterey california .addition research garfinkel journalist entrepreneur inventor work generally concerned computer security privacy information technology.research garfinkels early research field optical storage.undergraduate mit media laboratory garfinkel developed cdfs first file system writeonce optical disk systems.summer worked brown universitys iris project developed server allowing cdroms shared network simultaneously multiple workstations.in senior editor nextworld magazine garfinkel created address book program next computer called sbook.
Simson Garfinkel	one sbooks popular features search field performed fulltext search records address book keypress.kind search standard many computer programs including apples mail application mozilla thunderbird.sbook one first programs incorporate kind search technology.in garfinkel moved marthas vineyard started vineyard.net vineyards first internet service provider.vineyard.net bought broadbandwireless wireless isp .company went bankrupt september garfinkel bought vineyard.net back bankruptcy court.in garfinkel founded sandstorm enterprises computer security firm developed advanced computer forensic tools used businesses governments audit systems.
Simson Garfinkel	sandstorm acquired niksun .garfinkel inventor six patents mostly field computer security.in garfinkel abhi shelat published article ieee security privacy magazine reporting experiment purchased used hard drives variety sources checked see whether still contained readable data.roughly one third drives appeared information highly confidential erased prior drives resale.in garfinkel introduced crossdrive analysis unsupervised machine learning algorithm automatically reconstructing social networks hard drives kinds datacarrying devices likely contain pseudounique information.in september garfinkel joined faculty naval postgraduate school nps monterey california associate professor computer science.moved arlington virginia june help nps research aims national capital region.transitioned national institute standards technology january us census bureau .a common theme throughout garfinkels research introduction scientific method digital forensics.
Simson Garfinkel	education honors garfinkel obtained three bs degrees mit ms journalism columbia university phd computer science mit .postdoctoral fellow center research computation society harvard university september august .named fellow acm fellow institute electrical electronics engineers .publications garfinkel author coauthor books author thousand articles.contributing writer technology review written freelancer many publications including wired magazine boston globe privacy journal cso magazine.
Simson Garfinkel	work cso magazine earned five regional national journalism awards including jesse h. neal business journalism awards .garfinkel also editor forensics wiki books computer book abacus artificial intelligence milestones history computer science sterling milestones simson l. garfinkel rachel h. grunspan.sterlingusable security history themes challenges simson garfinkel heather lipford .morgan claypool part synthesis lectures information security privacy trust series.lorrie cranor garfinkel simson .security usability.oreilly associates.garfinkel simson beth rosenberg .
Simson Garfinkel	rfid applications security privacy.addisonwesley.garfinkel simson gene spafford alan schwartz .practical unix internet security rd edition.oreilly associates.isbn .garfinkel simson michael k. mahoney .
Simson Garfinkel	building cocoa applications step step guide.oreilly associates.isbn .web security privacy commerce gene spafford..oreilly associates inc.garfinkel simson .
Simson Garfinkel	database nation death privacy st century.oreilly associates.isbn .review peter g. neumann review eugene spafford risks digestgarfinkel simson .architects information society.garfinkel simson alan schwartz .
Simson Garfinkel	stopping spam.oreilly associates.isbn x. review rob slade risks digestgarfinkel simson eugene spafford .web security commerce.oreilly associates.garfinkel simson eugene spafford .
Simson Garfinkel	practical unix internet security.oreilly associates.isbn .review peter g. neumann risks digestgarfinkel simson .pgp pretty good privacy.
Simson Garfinkel	oreilly associates.isbn .garfinkel simson daniel weise steven strassmann editors .unixhaters handbook.idg.isbn .
Simson Garfinkel	cite book author generic name helpcs maint multiple names authors list linkgarfinkel simson michael k. mahoney .nextstep programming.electronic library science.isbn .garfinkel simson eugene spafford .practical unix security.
Resource exhaustion attack	oreilly associates.bibcodepus..book.....g. references external links simson garfinkels home page including biographical information cv current research projects.simson garfinkels official website naval postgraduate schoolform denialofservice attack different distributed denialofservice attacks involve overwhelming network host web server requests many locations.attack vectors resource exhaustion attacks generally exploit software bug design deficiency.software manual memory management commonly written c c memory leaks common bug exploited resource exhaustion.even garbage collected programming language used resource exhaustion attacks possible program uses memory inefficiently impose limits amount state used necessary.file descriptor leaks another common vector.generalpurpose programming languages require programmer explicitly close file descriptors even particularly highlevel languages allow programmer make mistakes.
Komodo dragon	types examples billion laughsfork bombinfinite looplocal area network denial landpentium ff bugping deathregular expression denial service redos references external links owasps wiki article resource exhaustiondaniel j. bernstein resource exhaustionlargest extant species lizard growing maximum length metres ft weighing approximately kilograms lb.as result size komodo dragons apex predators dominate ecosystems live.komodo dragons hunt ambush prey including invertebrates birds mammals.claimed venomous bite two glands lower jaw secrete several toxic proteins.biological significance proteins disputed glands shown secrete anticoagulant.komodo dragons group behavior hunting exceptional reptile world.
Komodo dragon	diet komodo dragons mainly consists javan rusa rusa timorensis though also eat considerable amounts carrion.komodo dragons also occasionally attack humans.mating begins may august eggs laid september many eggs deposited time abandoned megapode nest selfdug nesting hole.eggs incubated seven eight months hatching april insects plentiful.young komodo dragons vulnerable dwell trees avoid predators cannibalistic adults.take years mature estimated live years.komodo dragons first recorded western scientists .
Komodo dragon	large size fearsome reputation make popular zoo exhibits.wild range contracted due human activities likely contract effects climate change due listed endangered iucn red list.protected indonesian law komodo national park founded aid protection efforts.taxonomic history komodo dragons first documented europeans rumors land crocodile reached lieutenant van steyn van hensbroek dutch colonial administration.widespread notoriety came peter ouwens director zoological museum bogor java published paper topic receiving photo skin lieutenant well two specimens collector.the first two live komodo dragons arrive europe exhibited reptile house london zoo opened .
Komodo dragon	joan beauchamp procter made earliest observations animals captivity demonstrated behaviour scientific meeting zoological society london .the komodo dragon driving factor expedition komodo island w. douglas burden .returning preserved specimens two live ones expedition provided inspiration movie king kong.also burden coined common name komodo dragon.three specimens stuffed still display american museum natural history.the dutch island administration realizing limited number individuals wild soon outlawed sport hunting heavily limited number individuals taken scientific study.collecting expeditions ground halt occurrence world war ii resuming studies examined komodo dragons feeding behavior reproduction body temperature.
Komodo dragon	around time expedition planned longterm study komodo dragon would undertaken.task given auffenberg family stayed komodo island months .stay walter auffenberg assistant putra sastrawan captured tagged komodo dragons.research auffenberg expedition proved enormously influential raising komodo dragons captivity.research auffenberg family shed light nature komodo dragon biologists claudio ciofi continuing study creatures.etymology komodo dragon also sometimes known komodo monitor komodo island monitor scientific literature although name uncommon.
Komodo dragon	natives komodo island referred ora buaya darat land crocodile biawak raksasa giant monitor.evolutionary history evolutionary development komodo dragon started genus varanus originated asia million years ago migrated australia evolved giant forms largest recently extinct megalania helped absence competing placental carnivorans.around million years ago collision continental landmasses australia southeast asia allowed larger varanids move back indonesian archipelago extending range far east island timor.the komodo dragon believed differentiated australian ancestors million years ago.however recent fossil evidence queensland suggests komodo dragon actually evolved australia spreading indonesia.dramatic lowering sea level last glacial period uncovered extensive stretches continental shelf komodo dragon colonised becoming isolated present island range sea levels rose afterwards.fossils extinct pliocene species similar size modern komodo dragon varanus sivalensis found eurasia well indicating fared well even environments containing competition mammalian carnivores climate change extinction events marked beginning pleistocene.genetic analysis mitochondrial dna shows komodo dragon closest relative sister taxon lace monitor v. varius common ancestor diverging lineage gave rise crocodile monitor varanus salvadorii new guinea.a study shown miocene komodo dragons hybridized ancestors australian sand monitor v. gouldii thus providing evidence komodo dragon inhabited australia.genetic analysis indicates population northern flores genetically distinct populations species.
Komodo dragon	description wild adult komodo dragons usually weigh around kg lb although captive specimens often weigh more.according guinness world records average adult male weigh kg lb measure ..ft average female weigh kg lb measure ..
Komodo dragon	ft. largest verified wild specimen ..ft long weighed kg lb including undigested food.the komodo dragon tail long body well frequently replaced serrated teeth measure .cm length.saliva frequently bloodtinged teeth almost completely covered gingival tissue naturally lacerated feeding.
Komodo dragon	also long yellow deeply forked tongue.komodo dragon skin reinforced armoured scales contain tiny bones called osteoderms function sort natural chainmail.areas lacking osteoderms head adult komodo dragon around eyes nostrils mouth margins pineal eye lightsensing organ top head.lizards typically one two varying patterns shapes osteoderms komodos four rosette platy dendritic vermiform.rugged hide makes komodo dragon skin poor source leather.
Komodo dragon	additionally osteoderms become extensive variable shape komodo dragon ages ossifying extensively lizard grows.osteoderms absent hatchlings juveniles indicating natural armor develops product age competition adults protection intraspecific combat food mates.senses varanids komodo dragons single ear bone stapes transferring vibrations tympanic membrane cochlea.arrangement means likely restricted sounds hertz range compared humans hear hertz.formerly thought deaf study reported agitation wild komodo dragons response whispers raised voices shouts.
Komodo dragon	disputed london zoological garden employee joan procter trained captive specimen come feed sound voice even could seen.the komodo dragon see objects far away ft retinas contain cones thought poor night vision.distinguish colours poor visual discrimination stationary objects.as many reptiles komodo dragon primarily relies tongue detect taste smell stimuli vomeronasal sense using jacobsons organ rather using nostrils.help favorable wind habit swinging head side side walks komodo dragon may able detect carrion –.km .–.mi away.
Komodo dragon	taste buds back throat.scales reinforced bone sensory plaques connected nerves facilitate sense touch.scales around ears lips chin soles feet may three sensory plaques.behaviour ecology komodo dragon prefers hot dry places typically lives dry open grassland savanna tropical forest low elevations.ectotherm active day although exhibits nocturnal activity.
Komodo dragon	komodo dragons solitary coming together breed eat.capable running rapidly brief sprints kmh mph diving .ft climbing trees proficiently young use strong claws.catch outofreach prey komodo dragon may stand hind legs use tail support.matures claws used primarily weapons great size makes climbing impractical.for shelter komodo dragon digs holes measure .
Komodo dragon	.ft wide powerful forelimbs claws.large size habit sleeping burrows able conserve body heat throughout night minimise basking period morning after.komodo dragon hunts afternoon stays shade hottest part day.special resting places usually located ridges cool sea breezes marked droppings cleared vegetation.
Komodo dragon	serve strategic locations ambush deer.diet komodo dragons apex predators.carnivores although considered eating mostly carrion frequently ambush live prey stealthy approach.suitable prey arrives near dragons ambush site suddenly charge animal high speeds go underside throat.komodo dragons deliberately allow prey escape fatal injuries try kill prey outright using combination lacerating damage blood loss.recorded killing wild pigs within seconds observations komodo dragons tracking prey long distances likely misinterpreted cases prey escaping attack succumbing infection.

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