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Ghost (disk utility)	august norton ghost .released new consumer version ghost based powerquests drive image version provides live imaging windows system.ghost continues leverage powerquest file format meaning backward compatible previous versions ghost.however version ghost .included ghost recovery disk support existing ghost customers.
Ghost (disk utility)	norton ghost .includes ghost ghost .released august .represents significant shift consumer product line ghost several waysit uses totally different code base based driveimagevi protector product via symantecs acquisition powerquest.it windows program must installed target system.images made windows running rather booted directly dos mode.incremental images containing changes since last image supported.requires product activation order function fully.the bootable environment ghost cd useful recovery existing backups.cannot used create new images.since ghost support older .gho format disk images separate cd containing ghost included retail packaging users needing access older images.the limitations ghost compared ghost wellcommunicated symantec resulted many dissatisfied customers purchased ghost expecting previous versions features like making images bootable ghost environment installation required product activation.
Ghost (disk utility)	norton ghost .supports creating images cds dvds iomega zip jaz disks well ieee firewire usb mass storage devices.supports encrypting images maxtor external hard disk drives maxtor onetouch buttons.ghost .compatible previous versions future versions.
Ghost (disk utility)	norton save restore .ghost .norton save restore .released february renamed consumer version ghost.used ghost .s engine addition features allow backup restoration individual files.
Ghost (disk utility)	symantec ghost solution suite .ghost .ghost solution suite .released november .version provides significant improvements performance well ability edit ntfs images.
Ghost (disk utility)	version also adds support windows vista x versions windows guid partition table gpt disks.however software fully support systems extensible firmware interface efi firmware.ghost .supports saving restoring native ghost image format .gho .ghs raw images .img .raw.norton ghost .ghost .
Ghost (disk utility)	includes windows vista support updated thorough user interface.supports full system backup individual files folders backup.this version provides lightsout restore feature restores system ondisk software recovery environment similar windows thereby allowing recovery without bootable cd.upon system startup menu asks whether start operating system lightsout recovery environment.lightsout restore would augment iso image comes ghost.latter contains recovery environment recover system without working operating system.
Ghost (disk utility)	norton save restore .ghost .nsr .fewer features comparison norton ghost .nsr .
Ghost (disk utility)	offers onetime backups file folder backup simplified schedule editor maxtor onetouch integration modifiable symantec recovery disc.version supports bit bit versions windows xp vista.norton ghost .version .uses volume snapshot service vss make backups store backups ftp site.
Ghost (disk utility)	ghost connect threatcon symantec service monitors malware activity around world performs incremental backups specific threat level reached.features include ability back networkattached storage devices support ntfs partitions tb.ghost manage installations version .later across network.this version longer supports opening .gho image files.stores images .vi format.
Ghost (disk utility)	incremental backup images created norton ghost saved .ivi filename extensions alone original full backup .vi filename extension regular basis.older .gho image files restored using ghost explorer separate utility.symantec ghost solution suite .ghost .ghost software enterprise including ghost .
Ghost (disk utility)	released may .new features includeas january latest build live update ... live update lu.updates ghost solution suite .. provides support windows windows server r. furthermore ghost .compatible bartpes bootable cd using pe builder plugin symantec ghost .norton ghost .
Ghost (disk utility)	according norton community symantecs site following features available norton ghost symantec ghost solution suite .ghost .ghost software enterprise including ghost .deployment solution .announced march .
Ghost (disk utility)	symantec ghost solution suite .ghost .ghost software enterprise including ghost .deployment solution .released march .
Ghost (disk utility)	symantec ghost solution suite .ghost .ghost software enterprise including ghost .deployment solution .released may .
Ghost (disk utility)	release update released september added support ext filesystem.symantec ghost solution suite .ghost .ghost software enterprise including ghost .deployment solution .
Ghost (disk utility)	released october .release added support ghost solution suite web console ipxe windows server smart raw imaging k native drive support.features ghost marketed os deployment solution.capture deployment environment requires booting windows pe environment.accomplished creating iso burn dvd usb bootable disk installed client automation folder delivered pxe server.
Ghost (disk utility)	provides environment perform offline system recovery image creation.ghost mount backup volume recover individual files.ghost copy contents one volume another convert volume contents virtual disk vmdk vhd format.initially ghost supported fat file system although could copy resize file systems performing sectorbysector transfer.ghost added support ntfs later also provided program ghostwalker change security id sid made windows nt systems distinguishable other.ghostwalker capable modifying name windows nt computer interface.ghost added support ext file system ext subsequently.
Ghost (disk utility)	support ext added september .discontinuation norton ghost discontinued april .support via chat knowledge base available june .removed symantec ghost web page invited ghost customers try symantec system recovery described software backup disaster recovery.see also comparison disk cloning software references external links symantec ghost – solution suite previously norton ghost enterprise edition product pagesymantec news
Carbonite, Inc.	acquired canadian software company opentext.backs documents emails music photos settings.named carbonite fictional substance used freeze han solo star wars empire strikes back.carbonite first service offer unlimited backup space fixed price.previously online backup services priced gigabyte many vendors since changed unlimited model.carbonite offers two separate lines products carbonite home home office individuals families one twoperson businesses carbonite small business businesses three computers.at one time history carbonite named best windows backup tool lifehacker labs winner pc pro editors choice nextadvisor received two mice macworld review putting second last.
Carbonite, Inc.	product details carbonite online backup installs client software program user’s computer operates continuously background.client software automatically seeks new changed files user’s computer backs using incremental backup.file compressed encrypted using bit blowfish encryption sent remote servers companys data centers via internet.course requires users computer continually connected internet speed internet connection impact system performance.data transmitted servers using secure ssl link.
Carbonite, Inc.	encrypted files stored drive raid storage arrays.the program designed automatically back usergenerated content including text documents spreadsheets financial documents photos music etc.pc magazine review found audio files photos omitted backup without obvious reason.videos files larger gb require manual backup basepriced version.terms allow carbonite release information law enforcement upon demand carbonite suspects illegal use.this would help law enforcement carbonite give encryption key mac windows users.windows users manage key selecting advanced installation.users cannot make key private later initially let carbonite manage it.if carbonite manages key users download files computer.if user manages key user access files backed computer file explorerthis pccarbonite driveand computer inaccessible user must upload let carbonite manage key accessing backed files another computer.the terms let carbonite delete files without notice normally keep three recent versions one version per day past week one per week weeks per month months ago.also delete files deleted user days payment ends.
Carbonite, Inc.	carbonite offers telephone support recover ransomware viruses.terms also disclaim warranties damages require arbitration boston disallow class action suits.terms require users pay indemnify carbonites losses relate improper actions user.on windows pc carbonite backs everything documents settings folder including desktop favorites files except temporary log video files.file folder added default backup local internal drive formatted fat ntfs file systems.according carbonite website home version backup internal drives whereas homeplus homepremium versions also backup external drives.
Carbonite, Inc.	backup software integrates windows explorer adding green dots file icons backed file.adding removing files backup done using right mouse button windows context menus.windows version carbonite keep multiple versions backed files.carbonite recover forms ransomware requires contacting carbonite customer service.for intelbased macs running mac os x .tiger .leopard carbonite controlled system preferences using contextual menu.
Carbonite, Inc.	file systems supported default mac os x supported mac client exception fat.the program also includes remote access application allows individual files downloaded computer using web browser.company profile ceo david friend cto jeff flowers founded carbonite fifth joint venture pair also together founded computer pictures pilot software faxnet sonexis.friend also executive arp instruments inc. pioneering electronic music synthesizer manufacturer s.since launch carbonite backed billion files restored billion lost files customers.carbonite introduced macintosh version intelbased macs os ..march .in carbonite acquired mozy cloud based backup solution dell technologies .
Carbonite, Inc.	million.in carbonite acquired webroot delivers multivector cybersecurity protection endpoints networks well threat intelligence services protect businesses individuals .million.on november open text corporation announced signed definitive agreement acquire carbonite inc. .per share usd cash.open text said plans initiate tender offer within business days take untendered shares mandatory take provisions applicable legislation expects transaction close within days purchase price .billion inclusive debt equity.
Carbonite, Inc.	history product debuted staples focused photo backup offered free sixmonth subscription camera purchases.partnered microsoft include program purchase microsoft money renewed following year edition.in named ‘top private company’ alwayson .it partnered several backup storage file transfer companies ipswitch inc. provide service purchasers ftp client olbex offer service u.s. cable companies sonic solutions provide core technologies digital media storage solution tds telecom provide core technologies online backup service lacie power online backup.partnered lifeboat distribution enhance distribution coverage within north america.it partnered packard bell first partnership independent online backup company major pc manufacturer providing purchasers desktop notepad computers europe free fourmonth subscription.subsequently partnered also lenovo service preloaded pcs acer online backup service preinstalled select pcs.acer signed similar arrangement .in admitted loss backups customers lawsuit filed promise technology hardware provider.on june carbonite acquired phanfare.
Carbonite, Inc.	carbonite declined honor phanfare lifetime memberships instead granting lifetime members phanfare credit would expire three years unused.two days later phanfare founder ceo andrew erlichson notified lifetime subscribers customers requesting refund paid carbonite remains phanfare inc. funding secured .million series financing keiretsu forum commonangels completed million series b financing led menlo ventures.in secured additional million series b funding completed c round financing approximately million new capital led performance equity stamford connecticut closed mezzanine round funding total financing raised million.carbonite made ipo august raising .million offering.on feb carbonite announced net loss full year .
Carbonite, Inc.	million compared .million .since inception nasdaqcarb lost excess public private investment.companys sec financial reports state expect continue incur gaap operating losses annual basis foreseeable future.amazon review controversy carbonite reviews amazon subject controversy early .
Carbonite, Inc.	apparently employees company posted favorable testimonialstyle ads amazon including senior members management team.additionally new york times reported ceo made aware situation september nothing remove false postings ny times blog appeared january .misleading advertising controversy advertising standards authority asa united kingdom ruled august carbonite misled consumers describing online backup unlimited.following complaint asa investigated found due bandwidth restrictions uploading data limit upload mbits first gb kbits gb exceeded backup unlimited.therefore advert likely mislead consumers.additionally carbonite breached rule .
Carbonite, Inc.	cap code failing respond asas charges.in carbonite stated eliminated bandwidth throttling customers.releases version .late carbonite photo backupversion .may carbonite unlimited backup version .february added support windows vistaversion .
Carbonite, Inc.	june added blocklevel incremental backuplaunch online backup service french germanversion .august added online backup simplification processesversion .january enhanced user controls saving three months previous file versionslaunches dutch portuguese spanish japanese versionsversion .june improved backup speed large files performance enhancementsversion .march userrequested enhancementsadds remote file access launches carbonite online backup intelbased macs os .
On-premises software	.march version .september releases ipad app updates iphone blackberry appslaunches carbonite small business offering see also comparison online backup serviceslist backup software includes managed backup providers references external links official website business data carbonite inc. boston business journal carbonite calls backup files ipoonpremises software sometimes referred shrinkwrap software offpremises software commonly called software service saas cloud computing.the software consists database modules combined particularly serve unique needs large organizations regarding automation corporatewide business system functions.comparison onpremises cloud saas location onpremises software established within organisations internal system along hardware infrastructure necessary software function.cloudbased software usually served via internet accessed users online regardless time location.unlike onpremises software cloudbased software users need install application web browser order access services.costs needed access services onpremises software several costs expected incur software services would fully available use.first construction onpremises software within organisation requires high initial costs including costs incurred purchase hardwares infrastructures well costs required software installation examination.
On-premises software	addition entity entitled purchase license particular software involves costs time preparation required procedures.furthermore order maintain software functionality sustainable maintenance operations required entity subjected costs incurred well.on hand general initial costs required use software services considered relatively low cloudbased software thus suitable small enterprises without large amount capital.moreover cloudbased software users subjected license fees well maintenance operation costs since hands software vendors.furthermore costs incurred infrastructures expected smaller compared onpremises software users need electronic devices able get access services.although initial costs access services usually low cloudbased software total costs required use software specific time period unsure cloudbased software requires routine payment i.e.monthly subscription fee use services whereas onpremises software not.
On-premises software	operation maintenance entity using onpremises software fully responsible daily operation maintenance system itself.results time costs required system operation well personnel specialization managing system.on hand cloudbased software software provider responsible system operations maintenance.thus professionals need hired within entity specifically purpose operating software.backup data storage maintenance operations entity using onpremises software also responsible backup storage software data.implies ability entity full control data security.for cloudbased software entity requirement data backup also responsibility software provider data backup perquisite provider offering services.
On-premises software	hand control data software providers suggests users control data software system performance.may result security issues especially subject high level regulation standards data security financial institutions.data security discussed users responsible data management onpremises software cloudbased software responsibility software provider.however difference level safety data security onpremises cloudbased software arguable.experts claim cloudbased software likely secure amount capital resources invest data security system normal business entities.others argue questionable software vendors usually exposed targeted cyberattacker hold vast amount data within system.
On-premises software	development software onpremises cloudbased onpremises software invented first mainly purpose corporatewide process automation large entities advance evolvement cloudbased software saas.saas emerged early businesses published saas products experienced failure customers wanted saas particularly purpose automation single specific corporate functions rather corporatewide system.however idea ondemand service delivery software revolutionary time vendors already attempted delivery style software service s. reason business model widely known time lack broadband penetration sufficient internet accessibility effectively make ondemand software service work.as saas market evolves opposed onpremises software cloudbased software gets adopted market demand serve many types businesses including small large corporations automate specific business processes within entities.in addition saas allowed customers make selection among many functions depending customer needs economic conditions.although onpremises software previously huge advantage capable customization tailoring software services business needs saas also evolved platforms customizable services available extent cloudbased software market develops.onpremises software prevailing software market however customers thus software vendors shift toward cloudbased software since then.key corporate players contributed software model change well associated erp system areoraclesagemicrosoftsapsalesforcefor instance sap originally onpremises software vendor.accordance change technologies customer preferences software market company turned cloudbased erp provider available public cloud private cloud depending customer needs.microsoft previously provided onpremises erp sharepoint automation corporatewide business system large corporations.recent years company published many cloudbased software azure microsoft dynamics lcs provide customers internet services offer automated standardized business functions specific area businesses.salesforce brought revolution businesss crm process cloudbased software service including sales cloud offers best suitable standardized business processes regarding customer relation businesses.current software market condition general market trend last decade software market increasing trend toward cloudbased software traditional onpremises software appeared acceleration speed.at time despite trend corporations maintained traditional information management system onpremises software.suggested trend shift software market occurring slow pace businesses gradually shifting software system traditional onpremises cloudbased.in approximately business customers planning new transitions onpremises software cloudbased software.in accordance consumer movement toward cloudbased solutions software market vendors including industry leading software corporations microsoft oracle sap shift business model transfer products cloudbased solutions.
On-premises software	pace market adaptation type customers faster shift onpremises cloudbased expected bc market bb market.this businesses usually require much complex structure system information management contrast private users.addition businesses prudent shift software system significant concern data security failure could potentially result loss enormous amount data well businesss reputation.business model primary customers relatively new software saas nonusers onpremises software easier make purchase installation implementation service due factors previously discussed lower installation cost lower system management cost.as convenience features associated cloudbased software becomes widely known customers mainly businesses start shifting software system toward cloudbased realizing saas brings efficiency information system management.especially whose business processes highly standardized shared within industry.legislation restriction another factor resulted difference pace market adaptation toward cloudbased software degree concern legislation regarding data security.
On-premises software	fact developing economies subjected less restrictions regarding data security legacy management showed relatively quicker response software market trend shift.vendors reaction supplyside vendors particularly originally offering onpremises software willing shift software service cloudbased need change business model entirely requires large amount cost time efforts.besides demandside customerside factors vendor reaction could another reason slow migration toward cloudbased services software market.impact trend change movement toward cloudbased software implies change businesss information management system also result potential change value creation processes.change role platform cloudbased platform incorporates functionality facilitating interactions communications among customers producers due feature accessible various stakeholders time onpremises software usually limits access platform owner exclusion group individuals.
On-premises software	variety onplatform services cloudbased software provides software services relatively flexible way variations.reason exists architecture cloudbased software platform consists number different platforms different specialty functions.representative example platform microsoft azure.software consists number distinct business platforms.integration onpremises cloudbased discussed onpremises solution cloudbased solution positive negative sides respectively.
On-premises software	thus better choice among software depends many factors instance customers business model financial status business strategy.however neither choice would provide customers perfect solutions software offer full functionalities users.in transition cloudbased solution information management customers concern involves security data privacy many may better provided traditional onpremises solution.order deal problem software market came new solution combine onpremises cloudbased solution best features.software provided ondemand customization simultaneously.software industry history evolution software begun evolving beginning big movement business market trend toward use software beginning s. although periods industry whole middle market boom experienced rapid growth market size software market accounted nearly spending industry products.according hietalas research us always biggest country player software business presenting dominant market position market.
On-premises software	software products us companies occupied around whole world software product turnover.software product types mainly types software product function point view commercial perspectivepure software productembedded software productcustomertailored softwarepure software mainly sold purchased one independent product incorporated products.although software traded main product sometimes vendors get revenue stream services combined offered software platform.unlike pure software product embedded software products traded rather considered part incorporated products.examples software embedded mobile phone computer electronic devices.general completely different ways architecture system construction needed type software compared traditional software products.customertailored software software system service tailored individual needs customers.
Data deduplication	customization achieved variety different combination software modules platforms.core purpose software product solve specific business issues individual customers provide unique solution technology.standard cloudbased software usually offer standardized solution service broad range customers within industry andor market area.see also client computingselfhosting web services referencessuccessful implementation technique improve storage utilization may turn lower capital expenditure reducing overall amount storage media required meet storage capacity needs.also applied network data transfers reduce number bytes must sent.deduplication process requires comparison data chunks also known byte patterns unique contiguous blocks data.chunks identified stored process analysis compared chunks within existing data.whenever match occurs redundant chunk replaced small reference points stored chunk.
Data deduplication	given byte pattern may occur dozens hundreds even thousands times match frequency dependent chunk size amount data must stored transferred greatly reduced.a related technique singleinstance data storage replaces multiple copies content wholefile level single shared copy.possible combine forms data compression deduplication distinct newer approaches data deduplication operate segment subblock level.deduplication different data compression algorithms lz lz.whereas compression algorithms identify redundant data inside individual files encodes redundant data efficiently intent deduplication inspect large volumes data identify large sections – entire files large sections files – identical replace shared copy.functioning principle example typical email system might contain instances mb megabyte file attachment.time email platform backed instances attachment saved requiring mb storage space.
Data deduplication	data deduplication one instance attachment actually stored subsequent instances referenced back saved copy deduplication ratio roughly .deduplication often paired data compression additional storage saving deduplication first used eliminate large chunks repetitive data compression used efficiently encode stored chunks.in computer code deduplication done example storing information variables dont written individually changed central referenced location.examples css classes named references mediawiki.benefits storagebased data deduplication reduces amount storage needed given set files.effective applications many copies similar even identical data stored single disk.
Data deduplication	case data backups routinely performed protect data loss data given backup remain unchanged previous backup.common backup systems try exploit omitting hard linking files havent changed storing differences files.neither approach captures redundancies however.hardlinking help large files changed small ways email database differences find redundancies adjacent versions single file consider section deleted later added logo image included many documents.inline network data deduplication used reduce number bytes must transferred endpoints reduce amount bandwidth required.see wan optimization information.virtual servers virtual desktops benefit deduplication allows nominally separate system files virtual machine coalesced single storage space.
Data deduplication	time given virtual machine customizes file deduplication change files virtual machines—something alternatives like hard links shared disks offer.backing making duplicate copies virtual environments similarly improved.classification postprocess versus inline deduplication deduplication may occur inline data flowing postprocess written.with postprocess deduplication new data first stored storage device process later time analyze data looking duplication.benefit need wait hash calculations lookup completed storing data thereby ensuring store performance degraded.implementations offering policybased operation give users ability defer optimization active files process files based type location.
Data deduplication	one potential drawback duplicate data may unnecessarily stored short time problematic system nearing full capacity.alternatively deduplication hash calculations done inline synchronized data enters target device.storage system identifies block already stored reference existing block stored rather whole new block.the advantage inline deduplication postprocess deduplication requires less storage network traffic since duplicate data never stored transferred.negative side hash calculations may computationally expensive thereby reducing storage throughput.however certain vendors inline deduplication demonstrated equipment able perform inline deduplication high rates.postprocess inline deduplication methods often heavily debated.data formats snia dictionary identifies two methodscontentagnostic data deduplication data deduplication method require awareness specific application data formats.contentaware data deduplication data deduplication method leverages knowledge specific application data formats.
Data deduplication	source versus target deduplication another way classify data deduplication methods according occur.deduplication occurring close data created referred source deduplication.occurs near data stored called target deduplication.source deduplication ensures data data source deduplicated.generally takes place directly within file system.file system periodically scan new files creating hashes compare hashes existing files.
Data deduplication	files hashes found file copy removed new file points old file.unlike hard links however duplicated files considered separate entities one duplicated files later modified using system called copyonwrite copy changed file block created.deduplication process transparent users backup applications.backing deduplicated file system often cause duplication occur resulting backups bigger source data.source deduplication declared explicitly copying operations calculation needed know copied data need deduplication.leads new form linking file systems called reflink linux clonefile macos one inodes file information entries made share data.
Data deduplication	named analogously hard links work inode level symbolic links work filename level.individual entries copyonwrite behavior nonaliasing i.e.changing one copy afterwards affect copies.microsofts refs also supports operation.target deduplication process removing duplicates data generated location.example would server connected sannas sannas would target server target deduplication.
Data deduplication	server aware deduplication server also point data generation.second example would backup.generally backup store data repository virtual tape library.deduplication methods one common forms data deduplication implementations works comparing chunks data detect duplicates.happen chunk data assigned identification calculated software typically using cryptographic hash functions.
Data deduplication	many implementations assumption made identification identical data identical even though cannot true cases due pigeonhole principle implementations assume two blocks data identifier identical actually verify data identification identical.software either assumes given identification already exists deduplication namespace actually verifies identity two blocks data depending implementation replace duplicate chunk link.once data deduplicated upon read back file wherever link found system simply replaces link referenced data chunk.deduplication process intended transparent end users applications.commercial deduplication implementations differ chunking methods architectures.chunking.systems chunks defined physical layer constraints e.g.kb block size wafl.
Data deduplication	systems complete files compared called singleinstance storage sis.intelligent cpu intensive method chunking generally considered slidingblock.sliding block window passed along file stream seek naturally occurring internal file boundaries.client backup deduplication.process deduplication hash calculations initially created source client machines.files identical hashes files already target device sent target device creates appropriate internal links reference duplicated data.
Data deduplication	benefit avoids data unnecessarily sent across network thereby reducing traffic load.primary storage secondary storage.definition primary storage systems designed optimal performance rather lowest possible cost.design criteria systems increase performance expense considerations.moreover primary storage systems much less tolerant operation negatively impact performance.also definition secondary storage systems contain primarily duplicate secondary copies data.
Data deduplication	copies data typically used actual production operations result tolerant performance degradation exchange increased efficiency.to date data deduplication predominantly used secondary storage systems.reasons twofold.first data deduplication requires overhead discover remove duplicate data.primary storage systems overhead may impact performance.second reason deduplication applied secondary data secondary data tends duplicate data.
Data deduplication	backup application particular commonly generate significant portions duplicate data time.data deduplication deployed successfully primary storage cases system design require significant overhead impact performance.single instance storage singleinstance storage sis systems ability take multiple copies content objects replace single shared copy.means eliminate data duplication increase efficiency.sis frequently implemented file systems email server software data backup storagerelated computer software.singleinstance storage simple variant data deduplication.
Data deduplication	data deduplication may work segment subblock level single instance storage works object level eliminating redundant copies objects entire files email messages.singleinstance storage used alongside layered upon data duplication data compression methods improve performance exchange increase complexity cases minor increase storage space requirements.drawbacks concerns one method deduplicating data relies use cryptographic hash functions identify duplicate segments data.two different pieces information generate hash value known collision.probability collision depends mainly hash length see birthday attack.thus concern arises data corruption occur hash collision occurs additional means verification used verify whether difference data not.
Data deduplication	inline postprocess architectures may offer bitforbit validation original data guaranteed data integrity.hash functions used include standards sha sha others.the computational resource intensity process drawback data deduplication.improve performance systems utilize weak strong hashes.weak hashes much faster calculate greater risk hash collision.systems utilize weak hashes subsequently calculate strong hash use determining factor whether actually data not.
Data deduplication	note system overhead associated calculating looking hash values primarily function deduplication workflow.reconstitution files require processing incremental performance penalty associated reassembly data chunks unlikely impact application performance.another concern interaction compression encryption.goal encryption eliminate discernible patterns data.thus encrypted data cannot deduplicated even though underlying data may redundant.although shortcoming data deduplication data breaches insufficient security access validation procedures used large repositories deduplicated data.
Ryuk (ransomware)	systems typical cloud storage attacker retrieve data owned others knowing guessing hash value desired data.implementations deduplication implemented filesystems zfs write anywhere file layout different disk arrays models.service available ntfs refs windows servers.see also references external links biggar heidi... webcast data deduplication effectusing latent semantic indexing data deduplication.a better way store data.what difference data deduplication file deduplication data compression database eweeksnia ddsr sig understanding data deduplication ratiosdoing less jatinder singhdeduplication demo.referencestypically encrypts data infected system rendering data inaccessible ransom paid untraceable bitcoin.ryuk believed used two criminal groups likely russian target organizations rather individual consumers.origin ryuk ransomware first appeared .although initially suspected north korean origin ryuk recently suspected devised two russian criminal cartels.unlike many malicious computer hackers ryuk criminal group primarily seeks extort ransom payments release data malware made useless encryption.
Ryuk (ransomware)	cybersecurity threat analyst said baltimore sun following attack baltimore county maryland school system november ryuk criminal group tends business ... like get job done extort large ransom payoff.works uk national cyber security centre notes ryuk uses trickbot computer malware install access gained networks servers.capability defeat many antimalware countermeasures may present completely disable computer network.even seek disable backup files kept shared servers.emotet also used ryuk hackers gain access computers initial loader trojan horse.the u.s. cybersecurity infrastructure security agency cisa website provides detailed information ryuk infects takes control computer network saying access may initially gained ... phishing campaigns contain either links malicious websites host malware attachments malware.
Ryuk (ransomware)	loaders start infection chain distributing payload deploy execute backdoor command control server install victim’s machine.phishing efforts generally contain malicious documents hyperlinks them.victim enables malicious macro loader starts infection sequence.once ryuk takes control system encrypts stored data making impossible users access unless ransom paid victim untraceable bitcoin.many cases days weeks may elapse time hackers initially gain access system massive encryption occurs criminals penetrate deeper network inflict maximum damage.ryuk especially pernicious type malware also finds encrypts network drives resources.
Ryuk (ransomware)	also disables system restore feature microsoft windows would otherwise allow restoring computers system files applications windows registry previous unencrypted state.to combat ransomware attacks u.s. cyber command initiated counterattack september disconnect trickbot internet servers.shortly thereafter microsoft invoked trademark law disrupt ryuk botnet.ransomware victims ryuk targets large organizations ability pay significant sums money regain access valuable data.told million ransom paid due ryuk malware attacks – according fbi.december ryukbased attack affected publication los angeles times newspapers across country using tribune publishing software.
Ryuk (ransomware)	printing fort lauderdale sun sentinel florida halted even newspapers telephones work.october information technology consulting company based paris sopra steria suffered ryuk ransomware attack.cybercriminals encrypted companys data using variant ryuk making inaccessible unless ransom paid.attack cost company – million estimated.wake attack ryuk described one dangerous ransomware groups operate phishing campaigns.between – u.s. hospitals california new york oregon well uk germany affected ryuk malware resulting difficulties accessing patient records even impairing critical care.
Ryuk (ransomware)	doctors affected hospitals resorted writing paper instructions instead using inoperable computers.u.s. joint statement issued october three federal government agencies fbi cisa department health human services warning hospitals anticipate increased imminent wave ransomware cyberattacks could compromise patient care expose personal information likely ryuk attacks.dozen u.s. hospitals hit ryuk attacks late shutting access patient records even disrupting chemotherapy treatments cancer sufferers.also targeted vulnerable publicsector entities often using older software following best protocols computer security.lake city florida example paid ransom one employees opened email containing variant ryuk malware june .the ransomware used attack dozens u.s. school systems often deficient cybersecurity.since thousand schools victimized.
Ryuk (ransomware)	sometimes resulting impairment takes weeks repair.schools havre montana baltimore county maryland experienced ryuk ransomware attacks.ransom demanded perpetrators ranged more.online education provider k attacked ryuk ransomware criminals november rendering ks records inaccessible leading threatened release students personal information.virginiabased firm paid undisclosed ransom amount saying based specific characteristics case guidance received attack threat actor believe payment reasonable measure take order prevent misuse information attacker obtained.the large baltimore county public schools system maryland serving students budget .
Ryuk (ransomware)	billion suspend classes problems experienced computer network beginning november reportedly due ryuk.systems crash first manifested teachers attempting enter students grades found locked noticed ryuk file extensions.county school officials characterized catastrophic attack technology system said could weeks recovery complete.school systems director information technology said “this ransomware attack encrypts data sits access remove system.prior crippling malware attack state auditors maryland office legislative audits performed periodic audit baltimore county school systems computer network .
Ryuk (ransomware)	found several vulnerabilities system insufficient monitoring security activities publicly accessible servers isolated school systems internal network lack intrusion detection ... untrusted traffic.avi rubin technical director information security institute johns hopkins university said auditors discovery computers running internal network intrusion detection capabilities particular concern.although final report maryland office legislative audits released november auditors initially warned school system findings october .ryuks reach global hitting councils government agencies across globe.one attack landed city onkaparinga south australia.december ryuk virus took hold citys infrastructure.
Domain controller (Windows)	attack left hundreds employees limbo cities department worked reinstating operations.time backups reinstated ryuk virus would start process attacking system again.attack continued four days team able contain virus reinstate necessary backups.in early new strain ryuk ransomware discovered features wormlike capabilities lead selfpropagating distributed devices local database infiltrating.see also wizard spider group known use software referenceswithin windows domain.domain concept introduced windows nt whereby user may granted access number computer resources use single username password combination.history windows nt server one domain controller per domain configured primary domain controller pdc domain controllers backup domain controllers bdc.because critical nature pdc best practices dictated pdc dedicated solely domain services used file print application services could slow crash system.network administrators took additional step dedicated bdc online express purpose available promotion pdc failed.a bdc could authenticate users domain updates domain new users changed passwords group membership etc.could made via pdc would propagate changes bdcs domain.
Domain controller (Windows)	pdc unavailable unable communicate user requesting change update would fail.pdc permanently unavailable e.g.machine failed existing bdc could promoted pdc.windows later versions introduced active directory ad largely eliminated concept pdc bdc favor multimaster replication.however still several roles one domain controller perform called flexible single master operation roles.roles must filled one dc per domain others require one dc per ad forest.
Domain controller (Windows)	server performing one roles lost domain still function server available administrator designate alternate dc assume role process known seizing role.primary domain controller windows nt one dc serves primary domain controller pdc.others exist usually backup domain controller bdc.pdc typically designated first.user manager domains utility maintaining usergroup information.
Domain controller (Windows)	uses domain security database primary controller.pdc master copy user accounts database access modify.bdc computers copy database copies readonly.pdc replicate account database bdcs regular basis.bdcs exist order provide backup pdc also used authenticate users logging network.
Domain controller (Windows)	pdc fail one bdcs promoted take place.pdc usually first domain controller created unless replaced promoted bdc.pdc emulation primary domain controller modern releases windows domains supplemented use active directory services.active directory domains concept primary secondary domain controller relationships longer applies.pdc emulators hold accounts databases administrative tools.
Domain controller (Windows)	result heavy workload slow system down.dns service may installed secondary emulator machine relieve workload pdc emulator.rules apply one pdc may exist domain multiple replication servers may still used.the pdc emulator master acts place pdc windows nt .domain controllers bdcs remaining within domain acting source replicate from.the pdc emulator master receives preferential replication password changes within domain.password changes take time replicate across domain controllers active directory domain pdc emulator master receives notification password changes immediately logon attempt fails another domain controller domain controller forward logon request pdc emulator master rejecting it.the pdc emulator master also serves machine domain controllers domain synchronise clocks.
Domain controller (Windows)	turn configured synchronise external ntp time source.samba primary domain controllers pdc faithfully recreated samba emulation microsofts smb clientserver system.samba capability emulate nt .domain well modern active directory domain services linux machine.backup domain controller windows nt domains backup domain controller bdc computer copy user accounts database.
Domain controller (Windows)	unlike accounts database pdc bdc database readonly copy.changes made master accounts database pdc pdc pushes updates bdcs.additional domain controllers exist provide fault tolerance.pdc fails replaced bdc.circumstances administrator promotes bdc new pdc.
Domain controller (Windows)	bdcs also authenticate user logon requests take authentication load pdc.when windows released nt domain found nt prior versions replaced active directory.active directory domains running native mode concept pdc bdc exist.domains domain controllers considered equals.side effect change loss ability create readonly domain controller.windows server reintroduced capability.
QNAP Systems	nomenclature windows server one three kinds active directory domain controllers ones provide identity authentication active directory member servers ones provide complementary services file repositories schema windows workgroup standalone servers.term active directory server sometimes used microsoft synonymous domain controller term discouraged.references external links domain controllers located windowspreintegrated open source domain controllerheadquartered xizhi district new taipei city taiwan qnap offices countries employs people around world.qnap member intel intelligent systems alliance since .company history qnap originally existed department within iei integration corporation industrial computing service provider located taiwan.qnap systems inc. spun separate company.company milestones july – qutscloud c.. released.october – qts .. released.november – quts hero h.. released.product overview qnap primarily produces networkattached storage nas appliances.
QNAP Systems	company also produces network video recorders nvr series networking equipment.qts – operating system nas devicesqes qnap enterprise storagequts hero – operating system similar qts implements zfsqutscloudqneqssqurouterthe qnap qhoraw supports highspeed wifi gbe connections also providing enterprisegrade sdwan vpn allow multisite vpn deployment via cloud.vulnerabilities qnap nas appliances may suffer serious vulnerabilities company usually react rapid manner.instance complete device takeover discovered sam security group reported qnap company took five months take care it.time vulnerability already made public.in april critical vulnerabilities hardcoded admin passwords firmware force installing vulnerable version backup application led massive ransomware attack named qlocker compressed files smaller mib z files using zip character long password.order retrieve password users access .onion webpage pay .
Bitcasa	btc.caused losses users.achievements tsx named best nas device european hardware awards received computex best choice award ts named best nas device european hardware awards received computex best choice award received iso certification information security managementreceived product design awardfeatured pcworlds best tech products see also list companies taiwan references external links official website qnap systemss channel youtubeqnap blogcompany later based mountain view california shut .bitcasa provided client software microsoft windows os x android web browsers.ios client pending apple approval.former product infinite drive provided centralized storage included unlimited capacity clientside encryption media streaming file versioning backups multiplatform mobile access.bitcasa moved tiered storage model offering tb year infinite year.october bitcasa announced discontinuation infinite drive year users would get tb storage.
Bitcasa	infinite drive users would required migrate one new pricing plans delete account.may bitcasa discontinued offering cloud storage consumers alleging focusing business products.history company started idea finalist techcrunch disrupt conference september .tony lee recruited vice president engineering frank meehan joined companys board directors.june bitcasa closed million investment.
Bitcasa	investors included crunchfund pelion venture partners horizons ventures andreessen horowitz samsung ventures first round capital.ceo brian taptich announced jan bitcasa acquired intel.intel spokesperson later clarified intel acquired bitcasa.products services bitcasa provided client software web browsers os x microsoft windows linux mobile app android.windows versions include xp vista windows windows .bitcasa products provide centralized streaming storage devices simultaneous realtime access files.files uploaded one device instantly available devices.
Bitcasa	bitcasa require file syncing devices.centralized storage eliminates need duplicate files across devices wait files become synchronized.the company patent pending infinite storage algorithm designed reduce actual storage space identifying duplicate content providing encryption stored data.according popular mechanics magazine bitcasa uses convergent encryption method whereby clients data assigned anonymous identifier uploaded.data already exists bitcasa servers popular song uploaded instead earmarked available download client.protocol said reduce upload time.
Bitcasa	bitcasas encryption method reportedly cloaks data still clients computer blocks data sent enterprisegrade aes encryption method data cloud storage.according extremetech service gives users access ownership rights data.in review gizmodo australia bitcasas cloud service described winner pricier competitors supported mac pc android platforms.mobile users could access infinite drive mobile apps android windows rt browsers support offline viewing files.app collects displays individual media types photos video music documents independently folder hierarchy stored in.video files streamed autotranscoded based device bandwidth.
Bitcasa	items may uploaded downloaded shared directly social media sites.files size shared web link distributed via email text im.initial server migration apps android ios browsers updated effectively rendering devices unusable service.security september article published extreme tech said bitcasas convergent encryption based system mostly safe risks associated it.new pricing changes november november company announced infinite storage offering would increase price.
Bitcasa	move sparked intense reaction users companys forum even though existing users grandfathered original pricing plan.reactions bloggers particularly critical.announcement pricing plans change bitcasa blog commented heavily users.post ensuing comments removed internet bitcasa.bitcasa introduced interface developers.october october bitcasa announced would removing grandfathered infinite plans.
Bitcasa	although company assured customers plans would continued long cancelled servicethe company removed official blog post though still available wayback machine.bitcasa backtracked due lack demand abuse.the company instead offered previous clients packages regular users pay month tb annually month tb annually.the company gave users days migrate download data would deleted.move criticized many users physically possible download rates provided bitcasa.as result system migration users data loss replaceable.angry customers gave company bad feedback community forum became less active.the company offered yearly subscribers right cancel get prorated refund.however disabled ability cancel accounts refused delete accounts support system.on november northern californian district judge william alsup granted temporary restraining order enjoining bitcasa deleting disabling access infinite plan subscribers data.
Bitcasa	bitcasa filed response november challenging legality tro.apparent result restraining order bitcasa announced day extension deadline email users november email mention restraining order.hearing set .november bitcasa lawsuit.in february community forum shut down.april april company switched free gb plan free trial tier.
Bitcasa	users account prior april would automatically start trial day trial user changed paid plan account data deleted server.on april bitcasa announced would discontinue cloud storage service focus business products.users may download data user data could deleted.bitcasa shut consumer cloud storage end may offering products developers.september four months refund customers website bitcasa inaccessible.see also comparison file hosting servicescomparison online backup services references
Quest Software	quest provides cloud management software service security workforce mobility backup recovery.company founded offices countries.history quest software founded newport beach california line products hp multiprogramming executive mpe.vinny smith joined company.following year quest entered database management market oracle sql database tuning product.
Quest Software	quest opened office united kingdom.doug garn joined quest vice president sales .year quest added offices germany australia smith became ceo.october quest acquired toad.on august quest software went public.in quest office opened japan.next year quest opened new offices asia specifically singapore korea china.gartner named quest number one application management.
Quest Software	doug garn became president quest software .doug garn became ceo president vinny smith became executive chairman quest .alan fudge became vice president sales.vinny smith became ceo chairman doug garn became vice chairman.on september dell announced completed acquisition quest software.in quest software acquired scriptlogic charonware s.r.o czech republic.charonware made case studio acquired quest folded toad data modeler product.on november francisco partners elliott management completed purchase dell software company relaunched quest software.on june one identity announced independent brand remained part quest family businesses.on september quest acquired binary tree.january quest acquired erwin inc. including erwin data modeler.on november clearlake capital group lp bought quest francisco partners .
Amazon S3	billion including debt.awards following table includes listing timeline awards recognition quest software received since .referencesamazon uses scalable storage infrastructure amazon.com uses run global ecommerce network.amazon employed store type object allows uses like storage internet applications backup recovery disaster recovery data archives data lakes analytics hybrid cloud storage.aws launched amazon united states march europe november .design although amazon web services aws publicly provide details ss technical design amazon manages data object storage architecture aims provide scalability high availability low latency .durability ..
Amazon S3	availability though servicelevel agreement durability.the basic storage units amazon objects organized buckets.object identified unique userassigned key.buckets managed using either console provided amazon programmatically using aws sdk amazon rest application programming interface api.objects managed using aws sdk amazon rest api five terabytes size two kilobytes metadata.additionally objects downloaded using http get interface bittorrent protocol.requests authorized using access control list associated object bucket support versioning disabled default.
Amazon S3	since buckets typically size entire file system mount systems access control scheme coarsegrained.words unique access controls cannot associated individual files.bucket names keys chosen objects addressable using http urlshttps.amazonaws.combucketkey bucket created us east n. virginia regionhttpss.amazonaws.combucketkeyhttpsregion.amazonaws.combucketkeyhttpssregion.amazonaws.combucketkeyhttps.region.amazonaws.combucketkeyhttpss.region.amazonaws.combucketkeyhttps.dualstack.region.amazonaws.combucketkey requests using ipv ipvhttpss.dualstack.region.amazonaws.combucketkeyhttpbucket.s.amazonaws.comkeyhttpbucket.sregion.amazonaws.comkeyhttpbucket.s.region.amazonaws.comkeyhttpbucket.s.dualstack.region.amazonaws.comkey requests using ipv ipvhttpbucket.swebsite.region.amazonaws.comkey static website hosting enabled buckethttpbucket.saccelerate.amazonaws.comkey filetransfer exits amazons network last possible moment give fastest possible transfer speed lowest latencyhttpbucket.saccelerate.dualstack.amazonaws.comkeyhttpbucketkey bucket dns cname record pointing bucket.s.amazonaws.comhttpsaccesspointnameaccount id.saccesspoint.region.amazonaws.com requests via access point granting restricted access bucketamazon used replace significant existing static webhosting infrastructure http client accessible objects.amazon aws authentication mechanism allows bucket owner create authenticated url valid specified amount time.every item bucket also served bittorrent feed.amazon store act seed host torrent bittorrent client retrieve file.drastically reduce bandwidth cost download popular objects.
Amazon S3	use bittorrent reduce bandwidth aws provide native bandwidth limiting users access automated cost control.lead users freetier amazon small hobby users amassing dramatic bills.aws representatives stated bandwidth limiting feature design table feature longer development.a bucket configured save http log information sibling bucket used data mining operations.there various user mode file system fusebased file systems unixlike operating systems linux etc.used mount bucket file system sql.semantics amazon file system posix file system file system may behave entirely expected.
Amazon S3	hosting websites amazon provides option host static html websites index document support error document support.websites hosted may designate default page display another page display event partially invalid url error provide useful content visitors url containing cname record hostname rather direct amazon bucket reference url contain valid object key casual user initially visits url bare nonamazon hostname.amazon logs amazon allows users enable disable logging.enabled logs stored amazon buckets analyzed.logs contain useful information asdate time access requested contentprotocol used http ftp etc.http status codesturnaround timehttp request message amazon tools amazon provides api developers.
Amazon S3	aws console provides tools managing uploading files capable managing large buckets editing files.thirdparty websites software software capability edit files amazon s. amazon storage classes amazon offers four different storage classes offer different levels durability availability performance requirements.amazon standard default class.amazon standard infrequent access ia designed less frequently accessed data.typical use cases backup disaster recovery solutions.amazon one zoneinfrequent access designed data often needed required needs accessed rapidly.data stored one zone zone destroyed data lost.amazon glacier designed longterm storage data infrequently accessed retrieval latency minutes hours acceptable.glacier deep archive alternative retrieval time least hours th price.
Amazon S3	intended alternative magnetic tape libraries designed long term retention data years.notable users photo hosting service smugmug used amazon since april .experienced number initial outages slowdowns one year described considerably reliable internal storage claimed saved almost million storage costs.netflix uses amazon system record.netflix implemented tool smper address amazon limitations eventual consistency.smper stores filesystem metadata filenames directory structure permissions amazon dynamodb.reddit hosted amazon s.bitcasa tahoelafsons among others use amazon online backup synchronization services.

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