Split (1)

train · 173k rows

title stringlengths 1 105	content stringlengths 5 58.1k
Commvault	services commvault provides consulting services customers.company advises customers setting new data management systems architecture design implementation monitoring.remote managed service commvault manages software production customers.acquisitions september commvault announced would acquire softwaredefined storage startup hedvig acquisition valued million.acquisition completed october.on february commvault announced acquired israel based cyber security company trapx.
Comparison of antivirus software	see also list sp companies referencesdesktop mobile server etc.operating systems e.g.windows macos linux solaris android ios ubuntu touch windows phone etc.. legend term ondemand scan refers possibility performing manual scan user entire computerdevice onaccess scan refers ability product automatically scan every file creation subsequent modification.the term cloudav refers ability product automatically perform scans cloud.the term email security refers protection emails viruses malware antispam refers protection spam scam phishing attacks.the term web protection usually includes protection infected malicious urls phishing websites online identity privacy protection online banking protection.many antivirus products use thirdparty antivirus engine.means antivirus engine made another producer however malware signature andor parts product may may done owner product itself.
FastCGI	desktop computers servers windows macos linux solaris freebsd mobile smartphones tablets android ios windows mobile list excludes windows phone windows phone support running protection programs.symbian blackberry see also antivirus softwareavcomparatives – austrian organization testing antivirus security softwareavtest – german organization testing antivirus security softwarecomparison firewallsinternational computer security associationinternet securitylist computer virusesvirus bulletin referencesvariation earlier common gateway interface cgi.fastcgis main aim reduce overhead related interfacing web server cgi programs allowing server handle web page requests per unit time.history common gateway interface cgi protocol interfacing external applications web servers.cgi applications run separate processes created start request torn end.one new process per request model makes cgi programs simple implement limits efficiency scalability.
FastCGI	high loads operating system overhead process creation destruction becomes significant.also cgi process model limits resource reuse methods reusing database connections inmemory caching etc.to address scalability shortcomings cgi open market developed fastcgi first introduced webserver product mids.open market originally developed fastcgi part competitive response netscapes proprietary inprocess application programming interfaces apis netscape server application programming interface nsapi developing web applications.while developed first open market fastcgi implemented several webserver makers.however approach competed methods speed simplify serversubprogram communication.apache http server modules modperl modphp appeared around time gained popularity quickly.
FastCGI	various methods including cgi remain common use.implementation details instead creating new process request fastcgi uses persistent processes handle series requests.processes owned fastcgi server web server.to service incoming request web server sends environment variable information page request fastcgi process either unix domain socket named pipe transmission control protocol tcp connection.responses returned process web server connection web server delivers response end user.connection may closed end response web server fastcgi service processes persist.each individual fastcgi process handle many requests lifetime thereby avoiding overhead perrequest process creation termination.
FastCGI	processing multiple requests concurrently done several ways using one connection internal multiplexing i.e.multiple requests one connection using multiple connections mix methods.multiple fastcgi servers configured increasing stability scalability.web site administrators programmers find separating web applications web server fastcgi many advantages embedded interpreters modperl modphp etc.. separation allows server application processes restarted independently – important consideration busy web sites.also enables implementation perapplication hosting service security policies important requirement isps web hosting companies.different types incoming requests distributed specific fastcgi servers equipped handle types requests efficiently.
FastCGI	web servers implement fastcgi note unless stated completeness fastcgi implementation unknownapache http server partialimplemented modfcgid.module used thirdparty granted apache software foundation asf apache server subproject shepherded chris darroch.supports unix domain sockets tcp sockets.a thirdparty module modfastcgi also used.module longer compiled properly apache ..x although problem solved fork original project.multiplexing requests one connection prohibited apache .x design isnt supportedin apache .modproxyfcgi added supporting tcp fastcgi servers.caddycherokeehiawathaloadbalancing fastcgi supportsupports chrooted fastcgi serversjettykerio webstarlighttpdlitespeed web servermicrosoft iisnginxnaviserveroracle iplanet web serveropenbsds httpdopen market web serverresin web application serverroxen web servershimmercat web serverzeus web server language bindings api fastcgi implemented language supports network sockets.
Google App Engine	since fastcgi protocol implementation tightly bound one language.application programming interfaces apis exist forrecent frameworks ruby rails catalyst django kepler plack allow use either embedded interpreters modruby modperl modpython modlua example fastcgi.references external links fastcgi web official site forkfastcgi specification site backupsecondary backupmodfastcgi – fastcgi module fork apache .x .x supporting external applicationsmodfcgid fastcgi module apache .xmicrosoft fastcgiapache v.x modproxy fastcgi moduleapplications sandboxed run across multiple servers.app engine offers automatic scaling web applications—as number requests increases application app engine automatically allocates resources web application handle additional demand.google app engine primarily supports go php java python node.js .net ruby applications although also support languages via custom runtimes.service free certain level consumed resources standard environment flexible environment.fees charged additional storage bandwidth instance hours required application.first released preview version april came preview september .
Google App Engine	supported featuresrestrictions runtimes framework google app engine primarily supports go php java python node.js .net ruby applications although also support languages via custom runtimes.python web frameworks run google app engine include django cherrypy pyramid flask webpy webapp well custom googlewritten webapp framework several others designed specifically platform emerged since release.python framework supports wsgi using cgi adapter used create application framework uploaded developed application.thirdparty libraries written pure python may also uploaded.google app engine supports many java standards frameworks.core servlet .technology using opensource jetty web server along accompanying technologies jsp.
Google App Engine	javaserver faces operates workarounds.newer release app engine standard java beta supports java servlet .jetty.though integrated database google cloud datastore may unfamiliar programmers accessed supported jpa jdo simple lowlevel api.several alternative libraries frameworks use model map data database objectify slim jello framework.the spring framework works gae.however spring security module used requires workarounds.
Google App Engine	apache struts supported struts runs workarounds.the django web framework applications running used app engine modification.djangononrel aims allow django work nonrelational databases project includes support app engine.reliability support billed app engine applications .uptime sla.app engine designed way sustain multiple datacenter outages without downtime.resilience downtime shown statistic high replication datastore saw downtime period year.paid support google engineers offered part premier accounts.
Google App Engine	bulk downloading sdk version .. adds support bulk downloads data using python.open source python projects gaebar approcket gawsh also allow users download back app engine data.method bulk downloading data gae using java currently exists.restrictions developers readonly access filesystem app engine.applications use virtual filesystems like gaefilestore.app engine execute code called http request scheduled background tasks allow self calling http requests.users may upload arbitrary python modules purepython c pyrex modules supported.java applications may use subset jre class white list classes jre standard edition.
Google App Engine	restriction exist app engine standard java runtime.a process started server answer request cant last seconds .. release restriction apply background jobs anymore.does support sticky sessions a.k.a.session affinity replicated sessions supported including limitation amount data serialized time session serialization.major differences differences application hosting compared scalable hosting services amazon ec app engine provides infrastructure make easy write scalable applications run limited range applications designed infrastructure.app engines infrastructure removes many system administration development challenges building applications scale hundreds requests per second beyond.google handles deploying code cluster monitoring failover launching application instances necessary.while services let users install configure nearly nix compatible software app engine requires developers use supported languages apis frameworks.current apis allow storing retrieving data documentoriented google cloud datastore database making http requests sending email manipulating images caching.
Google App Engine	google cloud sql used app engine applications requiring relational mysql compatible database backend.perday perminute quotas restrict bandwidth cpu use number requests served number concurrent requests calls various apis individual requests terminated take seconds return mb data.differences sql gql google app engines integrated google cloud datastore database sqllike syntax called gql google query language.gql support join statement.instead onetomany manytomany relationships accomplished using referenceproperty.google firestore successor google cloud datastore replaces gql documentbased query method treats stored objects collections documents.portability concerns developers worry applications portable app engine fear locked technology.
Google App Engine	response number projects create opensource backends various proprietaryclosed apis app engine especially datastore.appscale capedwarf typhoonae open source efforts.appscale automatically deploys scales unmodified google app engine applications popular public private cloud systems onpremises clusters.appscale run python java php go applications ec google compute engine softlayer azure cloud vendors.typhoonae run python app engine applications cloud support linux machines.webpy web framework offers migration sql databases google app engine however doesnt support several app enginespecific features transactions namespaces.kubernetes opensource job control system invented google abstract away infrastructure opensource e.g.docker containerized applications run many types infrastructure amazon web services microsoft azure others.one googles answers portability concern.backends google io google announced app engine backends allowed run continuously consume memory.
Google App Engine	backend api deprecated march favor modules api.google cloud sql oct google previewed zero maintenance sql database supports jdbc dbapi.service allows creating configuring using relational databases app engine applications.google cloud sql supports mysql ..
Google App Engine	.. usage quotas google app engine requires google account get started account may allow developer register free applications unlimited number paid applications.google app engine defines usage quotas free applications.extensions quotas requested application authors pay additional resources.see also references bibliography external links official marketing pageofficial websiteofficial google cloud platform blogrelease notesgoogle app engine run web applications googles infrastructure technical talk google engineer guido van rossum stanford university.online video archivebenefits adopting google app engineusing external database google app enginejava frameworks libraries supportedwebpy book online documentation google app engine deployment recipegoogle cloud sql sample projectsgoogle cloud supports node.jsappmd python development sample project.app enginedjangogoogle closureendpointsmaterial design
Virtual appliance	installation software appliance virtual machine packaging image creates virtual appliance.like software appliances virtual appliances intended eliminate installation configuration maintenance costs associated running complex stacks software.a virtual appliance complete virtual machine platform rather software image containing software stack designed run virtual machine platform may type type hypervisor.like physical computer hypervisor merely platform running operating system environment provide application software itself.many virtual appliances provide web page user interface permit configuration.virtual appliance usually built host single application therefore represents new way deploy applications network.file formats virtual appliances provided user customer files via either electronic downloads physical distribution.
Virtual appliance	file format commonly used open virtualization format ovf.may also distributed open virtual appliance ova .ova file format interchangeable .ovf.distributed management task force dmtf publishes ovf specification documentation.virtualization platforms including vmware microsoft oracle citrix install virtual appliances ovf file.grid computing virtualization solves key problem grid computing arena – namely reality sufficiently large grid inevitably consist wide variety heterogeneous hardware operating system configurations.
Virtual appliance	adding virtual appliances picture allows extremely rapid provisioning grid nodes importantly cleanly decouples grid operator grid consumer encapsulating knowledge application within virtual appliance.infrastructure service virtual appliances critical resources infrastructure service cloud computing.file format virtual appliance concern cloud provider usually relevant cloud user even though cloud user may owner virtual appliance.however challenges may arise transfer virtual appliance ownership transfer virtual appliances cloud data centers.case virtual appliance copy exportimport features used overcome problem.
Virtual appliance	software service rise virtualization platform hosted services provision virtual appliances come provide direct route traditional onpremises applications rapidly redeployed software service saas mode – without requiring major application rearchitecture multitenancy.decoupling hardware operating system infrastructure provider application stack provider virtual appliances allow economies scale one side leveraged economy simplicity other.traditional approaches saas touted salesforce.com leverage shared infrastructure forcing massive change increased complexity software stack.a concrete example virtual appliances approach delivering saas amazon elastic compute cloud ec—a grid xen hypervisor nodes coupled availability prepackaged virtual appliances amazon machine image format.amazon ec reduces costbarrier point becomes feasible customer hosted service provisioned virtual appliance instances rather forcing share common instances.prior ec singletenant hosted models expensive leading failure many early asp offerings.furthermore contrast multitenancy approaches saas virtual appliance also deployed onpremises customers need local network access running application security requirements thirdparty hosting model meet.
Uninterruptible power supply	underlying virtualization technology also allows rapid movement virtual appliances instances physical execution environments.traditional approaches saas fix application place hosted infrastructure.see also software appliancevirtual backup applianceturnkey linux virtual appliance libraryrpathbitnamisuse studiosoftware service references readingups differs auxiliary emergency power system standby generator provide nearinstantaneous protection input power interruptions supplying energy stored batteries supercapacitors flywheels.onbattery runtime uninterruptible power sources relatively short minutes sufficient start standby power source properly shut protected equipment.type continual power system.a ups typically used protect hardware computers data centers telecommunication equipment electrical equipment unexpected power disruption could cause injuries fatalities serious business disruption data loss.ups units range size units designed protect single computer without video monitor around voltampere rating large units powering entire data centers buildings.worlds largest ups megawatt battery energy storage system bess fairbanks alaska powers entire city nearby rural communities outages.
Uninterruptible power supply	common power problems primary role ups provide shortterm power input power source fails.however ups units also capable varying degrees correcting common utility power problemsvoltage spike sustained overvoltagemomentary sustained reduction input voltagevoltage sagnoise defined high frequency transient oscillation usually injected line nearby equipmentinstability mains frequencyharmonic distortion defined departure ideal sinusoidal waveform expected linesome manufacturers ups units categorize products accordance number powerrelated problems address.a ups unit may also introduce problems electric power quality.prevent ups selected capacity also quality power required equipment supplied.technologies three general categories modern ups systems online lineinteractive standbyan online ups uses double conversion method accepting ac input rectifying dc passing rechargeable battery battery strings inverting back v v ac powering protected equipment.a lineinteractive ups maintains inverter line redirects batterys dc current path normal charging mode supplying current power lost.in standby offline system load powered directly input power backup power circuitry invoked utility power fails.most ups one kilovoltampere kva lineinteractive standby variety usually less expensive.for large power units dynamic uninterruptible power supplies dups sometimes used.synchronous motoralternator connected mains via choke.
Uninterruptible power supply	energy stored flywheel.mains power fails eddycurrent regulation maintains power load long flywheels energy exhausted.dups sometimes combined integrated diesel generator turned brief delay forming diesel rotary uninterruptible power supply drups.a fuel cell ups developed company hydrogenics using hydrogen fuel cell power source potentially providing long run times small space.offlinestandby offlinestandby ups offers basic features providing surge protection battery backup.protected equipment normally connected directly incoming utility power.
Uninterruptible power supply	incoming voltage falls rises predetermined level ups turns internal dcac inverter circuitry powered internal storage battery.ups mechanically switches connected equipment dcac inverter output.switchover time long milliseconds depending amount time takes standby ups detect lost utility voltage.ups designed power certain equipment personal computer without objectionable dip brownout device.lineinteractive lineinteractive ups similar operation standby ups addition multitap variablevoltage autotransformer.
Uninterruptible power supply	special type transformer add subtract powered coils wire thereby increasing decreasing magnetic field output voltage transformer.may also performed buck–boost transformer distinct autotransformer since former may wired provide galvanic isolation.this type ups able tolerate continuous undervoltage brownouts overvoltage surges without consuming limited reserve battery power.instead compensates automatically selecting different power taps autotransformer.depending design changing autotransformer tap cause brief output power disruption may cause upss equipped powerloss alarm chirp moment.this become popular even cheapest upses takes advantage components already included.main hz transformer used convert line voltage battery voltage needs provide two slightly different turns ratios one convert battery output voltage typically multiple v line voltage second one convert line voltage slightly higher battery charging voltage multiple v. difference two voltages charging battery requires delta voltage – v charging v battery.
Uninterruptible power supply	furthermore easier switching linevoltage side transformer lower currents side.to gain buckboost feature required two separate switches ac input connected one two primary taps load connected thus using main transformers primary windings autotransformer.battery still charged bucking overvoltage boosting undervoltage transformer output low charge batteries.autotransformers engineered cover wide range varying input voltages requires taps increases complexity well expense ups.common autotransformer cover range v v v power switch battery voltage goes much higher lower range.in lowvoltage conditions ups use current normal may need higher current circuit normal device.example power w device v ups draw .a. brownout occurs voltage drops v ups draw compensate.
Uninterruptible power supply	also works reverse overvoltage condition ups need less current.onlinedoubleconversion online ups batteries always connected inverter power transfer switches necessary.power loss occurs rectifier simply drops circuit batteries keep power steady unchanged.power restored rectifier resumes carrying load begins charging batteries though charging current may limited prevent highpower rectifier damaging batteries.main advantage online ups ability provide electrical firewall incoming utility power sensitive electronic equipment.the online ups ideal environments electrical isolation necessary equipment sensitive power fluctuations.
Uninterruptible power supply	although one time reserved large installations kw advances technology permitted available common consumer device supplying w less.online ups may necessary power environment noisy utility power sags outages anomalies frequent protection sensitive equipment loads required operation extendedrun backup generator necessary.the basic technology online ups standby lineinteractive ups.however typically costs much due much greater current actodc batterychargerrectifier rectifier inverter designed run continuously improved cooling systems.called doubleconversion ups due rectifier directly driving inverter even powered normal ac current.online ups typically static transfer switch sts increasing reliability.designs hybrid topologydouble conversion demand hybrid rotary ups designs official designations although one name used utl double conversion demand.
Uninterruptible power supply	style ups targeted towards highefficiency applications still maintaining features protection level offered double conversion.a hybrid double conversion demand ups operates offlinestandby ups power conditions within certain preset window.allows ups achieve high efficiency ratings.power conditions fluctuate outside predefined windows ups switches onlinedoubleconversion operation.doubleconversion mode ups adjust voltage variations without use battery power filter line noise control frequency.ferroresonant ferroresonant units operate way standby ups unit however online exception ferroresonant transformer used filter output.
Uninterruptible power supply	transformer designed hold energy long enough cover time switching line power battery power effectively eliminates transfer time.many ferroresonant upss – efficient acdcac offer excellent isolation.the transformer three windings one ordinary mains power second rectified battery power third output ac power load.this dominant type ups limited around kva range.units still mainly used industrial settings oil gas petrochemical chemical utility heavy industry markets due robust nature ups.many ferroresonant upss utilizing controlled ferro technology may interact powerfactorcorrecting equipment.result fluctuating output voltage ups may corrected reducing load levels adding linear type loads.
Uninterruptible power supply	dc power ups designed powering dc equipment similar online ups except need output inverter.also upss battery voltage matched voltage device needs devices power supply needed either.since one power conversion steps eliminated increases efficiency run time.many systems used telecommunications use extralow voltage common battery v dc power less restrictive safety regulations installed conduit junction boxes.dc typically dominant power source telecommunications ac typically dominant source computers servers.there much experimentation v dc power computer servers hope reducing likelihood failure cost equipment.however supply amount power current would higher equivalent v v circuit greater current requires larger conductors energy lost heat.high voltage dc v finding use data center applications allows small power conductors subject complex electrical code rules safe containment high voltages.
Uninterruptible power supply	rotary rotary ups uses inertia highmass spinning flywheel flywheel energy storage provide shortterm ridethrough event power loss.flywheel also acts buffer power spikes sags since shortterm power events able appreciably affect rotational speed highmass flywheel.also one oldest designs predating vacuum tubes integrated circuits.it considered line since spins continuously normal conditions.however unlike batterybased ups flywheelbased ups systems typically provide seconds protection flywheel slowed power output stops.traditionally used conjunction standby generators providing backup power brief period time engine needs start running stabilize output.the rotary ups generally reserved applications needing w protection justify expense benefit advantages rotary ups systems bring.
Uninterruptible power supply	larger flywheel multiple flywheels operating parallel increase reserve running time capacity.because flywheels mechanical power source necessary use electric motor generator intermediary diesel engine designed provide emergency power.using transmission gearbox rotational inertia flywheel used directly start diesel engine running diesel engine used directly spin flywheel.multiple flywheels likewise connected parallel mechanical countershafts without need separate motors generators flywheel.they normally designed provide high current output compared purely electronic ups better able provide inrush current inductive loads motor startup compressor loads well medical mri cath lab equipment.also able tolerate shortcircuit conditions times larger electronic ups permitting one device blow fuse fail devices still continue powered rotary ups.its life cycle usually far greater purely electronic ups years more.require periodic downtime mechanical maintenance ball bearing replacement.
Uninterruptible power supply	larger systems redundancy system ensures availability processes maintenance.batterybased designs require downtime batteries hotswapped usually case larger units.newer rotary units use technologies magnetic bearings airevacuated enclosures increase standby efficiency reduce maintenance low levels.typically highmass flywheel used conjunction motorgenerator system.units configured asa motor driving mechanically connected generatora combined synchronous motor generator wound alternating slots single rotor statora hybrid rotary ups designed similar online ups except uses flywheel place batteries.rectifier drives motor spin flywheel generator uses flywheel power inverter.in case no.
Uninterruptible power supply	motor generator synchronoussynchronous inductionsynchronous.motor side unit case nos.driven directly ac power source typically inverter bypass step doubleconversion motor drive pulse inverter.case no.uses integrated flywheel shortterm energy source instead batteries allow time external electrically coupled gensets start brought online.
Uninterruptible power supply	case nos.use batteries freestanding electrically coupled flywheel shortterm energy source.form factors smaller ups systems come several different forms sizes.however two common forms tower rackmount.tower models stand upright ground desk shelf typically used network workstations desktop computer applications.rackmount models mounted standard inch rack enclosures require anywhere u u rack units.
Uninterruptible power supply	typically used server networking applications.devices feature user interfaces rotate ° allowing devices mounted vertically ground horizontally would found rack.applications n large business environments reliability great importance single huge ups also single point failure disrupt many systems.provide greater reliability multiple smaller ups modules batteries integrated together provide redundant power protection equivalent one large ups.n means load supplied n modules installation contain n modules.
Uninterruptible power supply	way failure one module impact system operation.multiple redundancy many computer servers offer option redundant power supplies event one power supply failing one power supplies able power load.critical point – power supply must able power entire server itself.redundancy enhanced plugging power supply different circuit i.e.different circuit breaker.redundant protection extended yet connecting power supply ups.provides double protection power supply failure ups failure continued operation assured.
Uninterruptible power supply	configuration also referred n redundancy.budget allow two identical ups units common practice plug one power supply mains power ups.outdoor use ups system placed outdoors specific features guarantee tolerate weather without effects performance.factors temperature humidity rain snow among others considered manufacturer designing outdoor ups system.operating temperature ranges outdoor ups systems could around − °c °c.outdoor ups systems either pole ground pedestal host mounted.
Uninterruptible power supply	outdoor environment could mean extreme cold case outdoor ups system include battery heater mat extreme heat case outdoor ups system include fan system air conditioning system.a solar inverter pv inverter solar converter converts variable direct current dc output photovoltaic pv solar panel utility frequency alternating current ac fed commercial electrical grid used local offgrid electrical network.critical bos–component photovoltaic system allowing use ordinary acpowered equipment.solar inverters special functions adapted use photovoltaic arrays including maximum power point tracking antiislanding protection.harmonic distortion output electronic upses significant departure ideal sinusoidal waveform.especially true inexpensive consumergrade singlephase units designed home office use.
Uninterruptible power supply	often utilize simple switching ac power supplies output resembles square wave rich harmonics.harmonics cause interference electronic devices including radio communication devices e.g.inductive loads ac motors may perform reduced efficiency all.sophisticated expensive ups units produce nearly pure sinusoidal ac power.power factor problem combination doubleconversion ups generator voltage distortion created ups.
Uninterruptible power supply	input doubleconversion ups essentially big rectifier.current drawn ups nonsinusoidal.cause voltage ac mains generator also become nonsinusoidal.voltage distortion cause problems electrical equipment connected power source including ups itself.also cause power lost wiring supplying power ups due spikes current flow.
Uninterruptible power supply	level noise measured percentage total harmonic distortion current thdi.classic ups rectifiers thdi level around –.reduce voltage distortion requires heavier mains wiring generators twice large ups.there several solutions reduce thdi doubleconversion upsclassic solutions passive filters reduce thdi – full load.reliable big work full load present problems used tandem generators.an alternative solution active filter.use device thdi drop full power range.
Uninterruptible power supply	newest technology doubleconversion ups units rectifier use classic rectifier components thyristors diodes uses highfrequency components instead.doubleconversion ups insulatedgate bipolar transistor rectifier inductor thdi small .completely eliminates need oversize generator transformers without additional filters investment cost losses space.communication power management pm requiresthe ups report status computer powers via communications link serial port ethernet simple network management protocol gsmgprs usba subsystem os processes reports generates notifications pm events commands ordered shut down.ups manufacturers publish communication protocols manufacturers apc use proprietary protocols.the basic computertoups control methods intended onetoone signaling single source single target.
Uninterruptible power supply	example single ups may connect single computer provide status information ups allow computer control ups.similarly usb protocol also intended connect single computer multiple peripheral devices.in situations useful single large ups able communicate several protected devices.traditional serial usb control signal replication device may used example allows one ups connect five computers using serial usb connections.however splitting typically one direction ups devices provide status information.return control signals may permitted one protected systems ups.as ethernet increased common use since control signals commonly sent single ups multiple computers using standard ethernet data communication methods tcpip.
Uninterruptible power supply	status control information typically encrypted example outside hacker gain control ups command shut down.distribution ups status control data requires intermediary devices ethernet switches serial multiplexers powered one ups systems order ups alerts reach target systems power outage.avoid dependency ethernet infrastructure upss connected directly main control server using gsmgprs channel also.sms gprs data packets sent upss trigger software shut pcs reduce load.batteries three main types ups batteries valve regulated lead acid vrla flooded cell vla batteries lithium ion batteries.the runtime batteryoperated ups depends type size batteries rate discharge efficiency inverter.total capacity lead–acid battery function rate discharged described peukerts law.manufacturers supply runtime rating minutes packaged ups systems.
Uninterruptible power supply	larger systems data centers require detailed calculation load inverter efficiency battery characteristics ensure required endurance attained.common battery characteristics load testing lead–acid battery charged discharged initially affects reacting chemicals interface electrodes electrolyte.time charge stored chemicals interface often called interface charge spreads diffusion chemicals throughout volume active material.if battery completely discharged e.g.car lights left overnight next given fast charge minutes short charging time develops charge near interface.battery voltage may rise close charger voltage charging current decreases significantly.
Uninterruptible power supply	hours interface charge spread volume electrode electrolyte leading interface charge low may insufficient start car.due interface charge brief ups selftest functions lasting seconds may accurately reflect true runtime capacity ups instead extended recalibration rundown test deeply discharges battery needed.the deep discharge testing damaging batteries due chemicals discharged battery starting crystallize highly stable molecular shapes redissolve battery recharged permanently reducing charge capacity.lead acid batteries known sulfation also affects types nickel cadmium batteries lithium batteries.therefore commonly recommended rundown tests performed infrequently every six months year.testing strings batteriescells multikilowatt commercial ups systems large easily accessible battery banks capable isolating testing individual cells within battery string consists either combinedcell battery units v lead acid batteries individual chemical cells wired series.isolating single cell installing jumper place allows one battery dischargetested rest battery string remains charged available provide protection.it also possible measure electrical characteristics individual cells battery string using intermediate sensor wires installed every celltocell junction monitored individually collectively.
Uninterruptible power supply	battery strings may also wired seriesparallel example two sets cells.situation also necessary monitor current flow parallel strings current may circulate strings balance effects weak cells dead cells high resistance shorted cells.example stronger strings discharge weaker strings voltage imbalances equalized must factored individual intercell measurements within string.seriesparallel battery interactions battery strings wired seriesparallel develop unusual failure modes due interactions multiple parallel strings.defective batteries one string adversely affect operation lifespan good new batteries strings.
Uninterruptible power supply	issues also apply situations seriesparallel strings used ups systems also electric vehicle applications.consider seriesparallel battery arrangement good cells one becomes shorted deadthe failed cell reduce maximum developed voltage entire series string within.other series strings wired parallel degraded string discharge degraded string voltage matches voltage degraded string potentially overcharging leading electrolyte boiling outgassing remaining good cells degraded string.parallel strings never fully recharged increased voltage bleed string containing failed battery.charging systems may attempt gauge battery string capacity measuring overall voltage.due overall string voltage depletion due dead cells charging system may detect state discharge continuously attempt charge seriesparallel strings leads continuous overcharging damage cells degraded series string containing damaged battery.if leadacid batteries used cells formerly good parallel strings begin sulfate due inability fully recharged resulting storage capacity cells permanently damaged even damaged cell one degraded string eventually discovered replaced new one.the way prevent subtle seriesparallel string interactions using parallel strings using separate charge controllers inverters individual series strings.series newold battery interactions even single string batteries wired series adverse interactions new batteries mixed old batteries.older batteries tend reduced storage capacity discharge faster new batteries also charge maximum capacity rapidly new batteries.as mixed string new old batteries depleted string voltage drop old batteries exhausted new batteries still charge available.
Uninterruptible power supply	newer cells may continue discharge rest string due low voltage energy flow may useful may wasted old cells resistance heating.for cells supposed operate within specific discharge window new cells capacity may cause old cells series string continue discharge beyond safe bottom limit discharge window damaging old cells.when recharged old cells recharge rapidly leading rapid rise voltage near fully charged state new cells capacity fully recharged.charge controller detects high voltage nearly fully charged string reduces current flow.new cells capacity charge slowly slowly chemicals may begin crystallize reaching fully charged state reducing new cell capacity several chargedischarge cycles capacity closely matches old cells series string.for reasons industrial ups management systems recommend periodic replacement entire battery arrays potentially using hundreds expensive batteries due damaging interactions new batteries old batteries within across series parallel strings.standards en uninterruptible power systems ups – part general safety requirements upsen uninterruptible power systems ups – part electromagnetic compatibility emc requirementsen uninterruptible power systems ups – part method specifying performance test requirementsen uninterruptible power systems ups – part environmental aspects – requirements reporting see also battery roomemergency power systemfuel cell applicationsit baseline protectionpower conditionerdynamic voltage restorationnet metering system energy storagesurge protectorswitchedmode power supply smpsswitchedmode power supply applications references external links scott siddens february ups front line plant engineering archived original cottuli carol comparison static rotary ups pdf schneider electric white paper rev.retrieved april rasmussen neil different types ups systems pdf schneider electric white paper rev.
Uninterruptible power supply	retrieved april vandee dawn march rounding rotary ups features ecm penton business media retrieved april ups basics.eaton corporation..retrieved .cite journal cite journal requires journal helpthe different type ups systems available archived original
Surespot	secure communication uses endtoend encryption default.history may channel news published investigation alleged least isislinked people appeared used surespot november may .june surespot user wrote blog post surespot developers stopped responding repeated questions regarding governmental demands information leading user alleging surespot developers gag order.surespot specifically mentioned plea agreement yearold us citizen charged providing material support isis.reception november surespot score points electronic frontier foundation secure messaging scorecard.received points communications encrypted transit communications encrypted keys provider doesnt access endtoend encryption making possible users independently verify correspondents identities code open independent review opensource security design welldocumented.
Surespot	missing points past communications secure encryption keys stolen forward secrecy recent independent security audit.features surespot provides offline backup via itunes pc mac ios version local device storage android version.app users use multiple identities instance private business use.the application supports deletion messages receiving device sending pictures audio messages past inapp purchase currently free emoji icons user blocking.so far support group messages sending files photos.technology surespot uses bit aesgcm encryption using keys created bit ecdh.publickey cryptography system public private keys order obtain shared secret.
Surespot	shared secret used exchange information securely.business model app free install use.via inapp purchases one add functionality voicemessage feature.apart earning money via inapp purchases surespot donationware.donations done via bitcoins creditcards paypal.
State data centre	see also comparison instant messaging clients references external links official websitesurespot githubmain purpose centres provide physical facility hosting various state level egovernment applications similar national informatics center nic provides national level applications.sdc project approved january part national egovernance plan.introduction state data centres project meant build states services applications infrastructure common platform states union territories india.sdcs project planned work together state wide area network project achieve goals.sdc work physical storehouse public private data act centralized database various egovernment applications.
State data centre	addition sdc provide basic infrastructure implementing server side technologies viz.systems like web servers application servers database servers etc.different applications.services following types services expected provided sdcs.application web hosting.. support data application availability.. centralized network database management.. security private data.. backup archival services.
State data centre	implementation implementation guidelines stated clearly government.guidelines found http key considerations project are.scalability.availability.security.
State data centre	manageability.reliability.migration distributed centralized environment.interoperability.compliance standards current progress since inception union government india spent total budget rs.
State data centre	.crores various states india.typically data centre takes – months setting getting operation.per data received official sources currently various states india different phases project realisation.many states successful making sdcs operational till date.
IBM Israel	states include gujarat west bengal tripura.furthermore sdcs implementation states like maharashtra uttar pradesh expected become functional end .referencesibms rd history israel began professor josef raviv established ibm israel scientific center technions computer science building haifa.today individuals work ibm rd locations across israel including haifa tel aviv herzliya rehovot jerusalem technology park.ibm research development activities israel include number labs.haifa research lab ibm haifa research laboratory hrl located haifa israel.ibm rd lab israel.
IBM Israel	handles projects spheres cloud computing healthcare life sciences verification technologies multimedia event processing information retrieval programming environments business transformation optimization technologies.hrl biggest ibm research center outside us.established back ibm israel scientific center ibm haifa research lab grown three researchers five hundred employees including regular staff members many students.ibm haifa research lab located custombuilt complex adjacent haifa university campus branches haifa tel aviv.current projects include healthcare cloud computing formal simulationbased verification technologies programming environments chip design storage systems information retrieval collaboration much more.at ibm haifa research lab twentyfive percent technical staff doctoral degrees computer science electrical engineering mathematics related fields.employees actively involved teaching israeli higher education institutions technion israel institute technology supervising postgraduate theses.
IBM Israel	many employees received ibm awards achievements excellence.systems technology group lab stg incorporates former haifa development lab develops advanced technologies ibms systems technology group.stg lab israel involved three major activities storage technology deduplication software chip design.working closely israeli hitech community recent ibm acquisitions israel stg lab serves focal point building storage ecosystem israel.lab also works closely xiv team ibm.
HTTP Public Key Pinning	three main departments hardware development storage systems development diligent technologies.israel software lab ilsl develops software realtime collaboration content discovery text analytics metadata management application security soa .teams work closely lotus information management rational websphere brands ibms software group.list israeli companies acquired ibm recent years ibm acquired dozen israeli technology companies subsequently incorporate ibm rd labs israel include see also history ibm research israellist multinational companies research development centres israel references external links ibm israelserver uses deliver client e.g.web browser set hashes public keys must appear certificate chain future connections domain name.for example attackers might compromise certificate authority misissue certificates web origin.combat risk https web server serves list “pinned” public key hashes valid given time subsequent connections validity time clients expect server use one public keys certificate chain.error message shown cannot easily bypassed user.the technique pin certificates public key hashes.means one use key pair get certificate certificate authority one access private key.
HTTP Public Key Pinning	also user pin public keys root intermediate certificates created certificate authorities restricting site certificates issued said certificate authority.due hpkp mechanism complexity possibility accidental misuse browsers deprecated removed hpkp support favor certificate transparency expectct header.certificate authority authorization also used restrict certificate authorities issue certificates particular domain thus reducing chance certificate issue errors.mechanism server communicates hpkp policy user agent via http response header field named publickeypins publickeypinsreportonly reportingonly purposes.the hpkp policy specifies hashes subject public key info one certificates websites authentic x. public key certificate chain least one backup key pinsha directives period time user agent shall enforce public key pinning maxage directive optional includesubdomains directive include subdomains domain sent header pinning policy optional reporturi directive url send pinning violation reports.least one public keys certificates certificate chain needs match pinned public key order chain considered valid user agent.at time publishing rfc allowed sha hash algorithm.appendix a. rfc mentions tools required arguments used produce hashes hpkp policies.a website operator choose either pin root certificate public key particular root certificate authority allowing certificate authority intermediate authorities signed key issue valid certificates websites domain andor pin keys one intermediate issuing certificates pin endentity public key.at least one backup key must pinned case current pinned key needs replaced.
HTTP Public Key Pinning	hpkp valid without backup key backup key defined public key present current certificate chain.hpkp standardized rfc .expands static certificate pinning hardcodes public key hashes wellknown websites services within web browsers applications.most browsers disable pinning certificate chains private root certificates enable various corporate content inspection scanners web debugging tools mitmproxy fiddler.rfc standard recommends disabling pinning violation reports userdefined root certificates acceptable browser disable pin validation.reporting user agent performs pin validation fails find valid spki fingerprint served certificate chain post json formatted violation report host specified reporturi directive containing details violation.uri may served via http https however user agent cannot send hpkp violation reports https uri domain domain reporting violation.
Nintendo 3DS system software	hosts may either use http reporturi use alternative domain use reporting service.some browsers also support publickeypinsreportonly triggers reporting showing error user.criticism decline peak adaptation hpkp reported used top million internet sites figure declined around end .criticism concern revolved around malicious human error scenarios known hpkp suicide ransom pkp.scenarios website owner would ability publish new contents domain severely hampered either losing access keys new keys announced malicious attacker.browser support deprecation see also certificate authority compromisecertificate transparencyhttp strict transport securitylist http header fieldsdns certification authority authorizationpublic key pinning extension http hpkp mdn web docs referencestechnology os nintendo ds firmware run four different modes.nativefirm native running kernel nintendo ds software including home menu.safemodefirm used safe mode applications system settings system updater.twlfirm nintendo dsis native firmware used nintendo dsdsi backward compatibility.finally agbfirm game boy advances native firmware used run game boy advance virtual console games.
Nintendo 3DS system software	nativefirm different new nintendo ds.the nintendo switch system software believed evolved nintendo ds system software.user interface home menu home menu graphical shell similar nintendo dsi menu wii u menu nintendo ds nintendo ds systems.used launch software stored nintendo ds nintendo ds game cards applications installed sd card dsiware titles installed systems internal memory.application icons set grid navigable touchscreen dpad may rearranged via draganddrop.number icons per column also changed icon .
Nintendo 3DS system software	menu display application tiles applications sd card dsiware titles.upper screen special animated logo displayed individual app well system information wireless signal strength date time battery life bottom screen application icons displayed.also possible change screens brightness menu.using home button users suspend current software running bring home menu allowing user launch certain multitasking applications internet browser miiverse.on april system update brought introduction folder system.folders created.
Nintendo 3DS system software	applications dragged top folder order move apps added folder using procedure apps per folder.title folder automatically created order creation name also edited user.first character title displayed folders icon.apps inside folders receive streetpass spotpass notifications notification icon appear top folderon june system update brought introduction save data backup feature.feature allows user back save data downloadable nintendo ds software virtual console games.
Nintendo 3DS system software	creating backup save data allows users delete software sd card without losing save data.backup created automatically restored user redownloads software nintendo eshop.total save data backups stored time.possible back save data retail versions nintendo ds software dsiware game boy advance software.on october .system update brought revamp entire home menu exception multitasking applications also adding support themes allowing users customize home menu theme adds new backgrounds changes folder icons background music sound effects match theme.an application called nintendo badge arcade released december japan november america europe allows yet customizing home menu using badges paytoplay crane game badges accessedused via additional menu within home menu installed upon loading game placed removed like normal software iconsfolders.
Nintendo 3DS system software	badges act shortcuts access specific preinstalled applications streetpass mii plaza.nintendo ds camera nintendo ds camera builtin photo video recorder integrated media gallery photo editing functionality.app uses systems two frontfacing cameras take photos userfacing camera take regular photos.photographs taken resolution × px vga .megapixels.
Nintendo 3DS system software	addition manual recording controls timers set take photo three ten seconds pressing take button means voice commands saying ok wishing take photo.sd cards hold photos.photo data size vary number may reduced two may decrease all.there various options filters available taking photos recording video.addition normal mode lowlight option useful taking photos recording video dark lighting conditions.options include manual controls color type normal black white sepia negative solarize sharpness contrast brightness.
Nintendo 3DS system software	realtime photo filters also available including sparkle adds moving stars photo dream adds dreamlike bright light photo pinhole lightens center screen darkens edges mystery adds random finish photo.also special mode called merge takes photo user facing inner camera merges photo someone facing outer cameras.on december system update added ability record video along three special recording options.interval shot allows sequences images recorded shorttimed intervals create timelapse photography frame pick edits still images together create stop motion animation montage lets user pause resume recording seamlessly.videos recorded minutes.sd card doesnt enough space available shooting time reduced.
Nintendo 3DS system software	however recording modes allow single video ten minutes long.despite advanced predecessor software fewer features predecessor nintendo dsi camera.even theres enough free space sd card hold maximum combined total photos videos.nintendo ds sound nintendo ds sound builtin music player sound recorder.supported audio codecs include mp audio .mp filename extensions aac audio .mp .ma .gp filename extensions.audio files played sd card visualizations displayed upper screen.
Nintendo 3DS system software	music played console sleep mode using systems headphone jack.using headphones included mic button button toggle playpause skip next previous track.set sound manipulation options available well several audio filters.tensecond voice recordings also recorded edited audio filters manipulated modulation playback speed.users may save modify consoles memory sd card.
Nintendo 3DS system software	used throughout applications swapnote.theres streetpass function builtinto app.user streetpasss someone also streetpass enabled users exchange song data songs name artist album release year many times played.also compatibility chart users involved.depending number matching songs users score displayed ranging latter compatible.despite advanced predecessor software features fewer filters themes predecessor nintendo dsi sound.there security bug nintendo ds sound allows buffer overflow eventually arbitrary code execution.patched nintendo system firmware .. preinstalled applications health safety informationnintendo dsds game card launchernintendo ds cameranintendo ds soundmii makerstreetpass mii plazanintendo eshopar gamesface raidersactivity lognintendo zone discontinued regionsdownload playsystem settings downloadable applications youtube united states canada europe japan discontinued august netflix united states canada discontinued june hulu plus united states japan discontinued february swapdoodleswapnote spotpass discontinuednintendo badge arcade discontinuednintendo video discontinuedeurosport europe australia discontinued december flipnote studio released eshop japan offered nintendo reward worldwidesave data transfer tool multitasking applications nintendo ds capable suspending application running one six multitasking applications.
Nintendo 3DS system software	game application running user press home button suspend open home menu.possible open another specially designed multitasking application built system without closing currently suspended software.attempting open game application another already running result prompt.multitasking applications include game notes allows users write save notes screenshots screens current suspended software present aid user.friend list list registered friends information current status well currentfavorite application friends registered exchanging friend codes.top led light flash orange registered friend comes online ds active sleep mode.notifications whilst receiving notifications top led light flash either blue green depending spotpass streetpass notification respectively.internet browsermiiverse social networking service dedicated games applications comments software screenshots could posted dedicated software communities.
Nintendo 3DS system software	discontinued.camera lightweight version nintendo ds camera features omitted accessed holding l r buttons unlike nintendo ds camera qr codes read camera.home menu settings section allows users change theme addremove badges change screen brightness toggle power saving mode time.miiverse internet browser disabled certain software super smash bros. nintendo ds suspended due softwares high usage dss resources.however case new nintendo ds upgraded hardware allow this.network features nintendo network nintendo network nintendos unified network infrastructure similar sonys playstation network microsofts xbox live succeeds previous nintendo wifi connection service.nintendo ds first system support new network infrastructure.nintendo outlined nintendo wifi connection created way developers experiment network infrastructures concepts nintendo network created fully unified network service.
Nintendo 3DS system software	new network infrastructure provides means unified online multiplayer experience online interactions leaderboards communication well software downloads streaming media services.the nintendo ds uses friend code system much like original wii connect network exception one code necessary console.makes much easier flexible players interact internet.regardless november nintendo network services require nintendo network id account order accessed nintendo eshop miiverse.account shared wii u nintendo switch.nintendo network administration team moderators staff remove inappropriate content services miiverse.
Nintendo 3DS system software	spotpass streetpass streetpass close proximity data exchange functionality allows game content exchanged nintendo ds systems.using consoles background connectivity sleep mode nintendo ds automatically discover nintendo ds systems within range establish connection exchange content mutually played games transparently without requiring user input.example super street fighter iv edition user passes someone software initiate battle collect trophies other.applications streetpass content stored one twelve data slots console.using data slot nintendo ds users readily share exchange content multiple games time whenever connected regardless game card currently console.spotpass always background network connectivity system automatically seek connect wireless network nodes wifi hotspots sending downloading information background sleep mode playing game.
Nintendo 3DS system software	spotpass also makes uses certified hotspots partners att north america cloud united kingdom.users able connect hotspots automatically free charge.content downloaded via spotpass include full game application downloads firmware updates patches specific ingame content.customized fit users preferences including opting altogether selected software.application similar ebook reader considered use functionality automatically acquire magazine newspaper articles.on august system update introduced new feature called streetpass relay.
Nintendo 3DS system software	feature allows users exchange streetpass data passing certified nintendo zone hotspot last nintendo ds user pass hotspot streetpass enabled.united states street pass relay points europe would see approximately .day later feature also became available japan.streetpass relay points later updated north america europe allow six users stored exchange instead one.streetpass mii plaza streetpass mii plaza streetpass application comes preinstalled every nintendo ds system.
Nintendo 3DS system software	players meet players miis streetpass online nintendo network interact them.application players mii customized hats earned mini games along short customizable message information.new mii characters encountered system appear plaza gate.player use play various mini games encountering mii characters.meeting mii characters multiple times adds extra functionality personalized messages ability rate them.
Nintendo 3DS system software	application comes three minigames minigames purchased optionally.nintendo zone viewer nintendo zone viewer builtin application detects makes use certified spotpass hotspots.hotspot detected notification would appear systems home menu.application users could see game trailers game screenshots download game demos view information current upcoming nintendo ds titles.player leaves hotspot app remains nintendo ds system although content accessed.
Nintendo 3DS system software	nintendo zone viewer discontinued north america .software updates history first version ds system software version .. released february included launch consoles.version .. released june internet features internet browser nintendo eshop system transfer nintendo dsi system released.version .released december added video recording nintendo ds camera system transfers ds systems.version .. released april added folders home menu ability game developers deliver patches updates.
Nintendo 3DS system software	version .. released march adds ability download titles system sleeping.version .. released june added ability back save data.version .. released december added support nintendo network miiverse.version .. released july minor update.version .. preinstalled japanese launch new nintendo ds new nintendo ds xl systems.version .. released october added themes.
Nintendo 3DS system software	version .. preinstalled launch pal region new ds systems palnorth american new ds xl systems..preinstalled launch north american new ds systems.version .. released september .version .. released may security update.as july latest system version ... nomenclature nomenclature firmware version shown ds system settings divided three parts first three numbers separated periods represent firmware version without eshop features one stored retail cartridges number dash represents improvements related eshop obtained via online update finally letter end represents region console.
USB flash drive	possible letters china c europe australia e japan j south korea k taiwan americas u six regions exclusive firmware releases each.see also gaming platforms nintendonintendo dsi system softwarewii system softwarewii u system softwarenintendo switch system softwareother gaming platforms generationplaystation system softwareplaystation vita system softwarexbox one system softwareother gaming platforms seventh generationplaystation system softwareplaystation portable system softwarexbox system software referencesthumb drive data storage device includes flash memory integrated usb interface.typically removable rewritable much smaller optical disc.weigh less g oz.since first appearing market late virtually computer memory devices storage capacities risen prices dropped.march flash drives anywhere gigabytes gb frequently sold gb terabyte tb units less frequent.
USB flash drive	tb flash drives largest available terms storage capacity.allow writeerase cycles depending exact type memory chip used thought physically last years normal circumstances shelf storage time.common uses usb flash drives storage supplementary backups transferring computer files.compared floppy disks cds smaller faster significantly capacity durable due lack moving parts.additionally less vulnerable electromagnetic interference floppy disks unharmed surface scratches unlike cds.however flash storage data loss bit leaking due prolonged lack electrical power possibility spontaneous controller failure due poor manufacturing could make unsuitable longterm archival data.
USB flash drive	ability retain data affected controllers firmware internal data redundancy error correction algorithms.until desktop laptop computers supplied floppy disk drives addition usb ports floppy disk drives became obsolete widespread adoption usb ports larger usb drive capacity compared .megabyte kibibyte .inch floppy disk.usb flash drives use usb mass storage device class standard supported natively modern operating systems windows linux macos unixlike systems well many bios boot roms.usb drives usb .support store data transfer faster much larger optical disc drives like cdrw dvdrw drives read many systems xbox one playstation dvd players automobile entertainment systems number handheld devices smartphones tablet computers though electronically similar sd card better suited devices due standardized form factor allows housed inside device without protruding.a flash drive consists small printed circuit board carrying circuit elements usb connector insulated electrically protected inside plastic metal rubberized case carried pocket key chain example.equipped io indication led lights blinks upon access.
USB flash drive	usb connector may protected removable cap retracting body drive although likely damaged unprotected.flash drives use standard typea usb connection allowing connection port personal computer drives interfaces also exist e.g.microusb usbc ports.usb flash drives draw power computer via usb connection.devices combine functionality portable media player usb flash storage require battery used play music go.
USB flash drive	history basis usb flash drives flash memory type floatinggate semiconductor memory invented fujio masuoka early s. flash memory uses floatinggate mosfet transistors memory cells.multiple individuals staked claim inventor usb flash drive.april amir ban dov moran oron ogdan msystems israeli company filed patent application entitled architecture universal serial busbased pc flash disk.patent subsequently granted november individuals often recognized inventors usb flash drive.also shimon shmueli engineer ibm submitted invention disclosure asserting invented usb flash drive.singaporean company named trek international first company known sold usb flash drive also maintained original inventor device.
USB flash drive	finally pua kheinseng malaysian engineer also recognized possible inventor device.given competing claims inventorship patent disputes involving usb flash drive arisen years.trek international netac technology accused others infringing patents usb flash drive.however despite lawsuits question first invent usb flash drive definitively settled multiple claims persist.technology improvements flash drives often measured rate transfer data.transfer rates may given megabytes per second mbs megabits per second mbits optical drive multipliers x times kibs.
USB flash drive	file transfer rates vary considerably among devices.second generation flash drives claimed read mbs write half rate times faster theoretical transfer rate achievable previous model usb .limited mbits .mbs accounted overhead.effective transfer rate device significantly affected data access pattern.by usb flash drives usb .
USB flash drive	connectivity mbits transfer rate upper bound accounting protocol overhead translates mbs effective throughput.year intel sparked widespread use second generation usb including within laptops.by maximum available storage capacity devices reached upwards gb.usb .slow appear laptops.majority laptop models still contained usb ..in january tech company kingston released flash drive tb storage.
USB flash drive	first usb .typec flash drives readwrite speeds around mbs announced march .july flash drives gb capacity sold frequently capacities gb tb.kingston technology announced release tb flash drive.sandisk announced tb usbc flash drive smallest kind.on usb flash drive one end device fitted single standarda usb plug flash drives additionally offer micro usb plug facilitating data transfers different devices.
USB flash drive	technology usb flash drive one end device fitted single usb plug flash drives additionally offer micro usb plug facilitating data transfers different devices.inside plastic casing small printed circuit board power circuitry small number surfacemounted integrated circuits ics.typically one ics provides interface usb connector onboard memory flash memory.drives typically use usb mass storage device class communicate host.flash memory flash memory combines number older technologies lower cost lower power consumption small size made possible advances semiconductor device fabrication technology.memory storage based earlier eprom eeprom technologies.
USB flash drive	limited capacity slow reading writing required complex highvoltage drive circuitry could rewritten erasing entire contents chip.hardware designers later developed eeproms erasure region broken smaller fields could erased individually without affecting others.altering contents particular memory location involved copying entire field offchip buffer memory erasing field modifying data required buffer rewriting field.required considerable computer support pcbased eeprom flash memory systems often carried dedicated microprocessor system.flash drives less miniaturized version this.the development highspeed serial data interfaces usb made semiconductor memory systems serially accessed storage viable simultaneous development small highspeed lowpower microprocessor systems allowed incorporated extremely compact systems.serial access requires far fewer electrical connections memory chips parallel access simplified manufacture multigigabyte drives.computers access modern flash memory systems much like hard disk drives controller system full control information actually stored.

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.