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Nursultan Nazarbayev | immune criminal prosecution continued serve assembly people kazakhstan nur otan chairman .nazarbayev also member constitutional council honorary member senate kazakhstan chairman security council dismissal post response kazakh protests.early life career nazarbayev born chemolgan rural town near almaty kazakhstan one republics soviet union parents ábish nazarbayev – aljan nazarbayeva –.father ábish poor labourer worked wealthy local family soviet rule confiscated familys farmland joseph stalins collectivization policy.following father took family mountains live nomadic existence. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | familys religious tradition sunni islam.äbish avoided compulsory military service due withered arm sustained putting fire.end world war ii family returned village chemolgan nazarbayev began attending school taught russian language living paternal uncle parents owned dwelling place brief period.nazarbayev later chose settle upper part chemolgan mainly ethnic russians lived order master russian communicating them.despite performing well school time nazarbayev th grade classes grade called due shortage students result sent boarding school named abai qunanbaiuly kaskelen.time nazarbayevs father äbish wished create favourable conditions towards son studying living well potentially avoid bad influence peers renting apartment nazarbayev village.after leaving school nazarbayev took oneyear governmentfunded scholarship karaganda steel mill temirtau. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | also spent time training steel plant dniprodzerzhynsk therefore away temirtau riots broke working conditions.age earning relatively good wage incredibly heavy dangerous work blast furnace.nazarbayev married sara nazarbayeva august dispatcher steel mill worked in.together parties would eventually three daughters dariga dinara aliya born respectively.on november nazarbayev joined communist party becoming prominent member young communist league komsomol fulltime worker party attending karagandy polytechnic institute.appointed secretary communist party committee karaganda metallurgical kombinat four years later became second secretary karaganda regional party committee.in role bureaucrat nazarbayev dealt legal papers logistical problems industrial disputes well meeting workers solve individual issues. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | later wrote central allocation capital investment distribution funds meant infrastructure poor workers demoralised overworked centrally set targets unrealistic saw steel plants problems microcosm problems soviet union whole.rise power age nazarbayev became prime minister kazakhstan chairman council ministers youngestever officeholder soviet union serve post dinmukhamed kunaev first secretary communist party kazakhstan.period perestroika policies slowly began take place mikhail gorbachev nazarbayev viewed experienced policy maker views stances already formed khrushchev thaw soviet economic reform.kazakhstan time seen backwater republic within soviet union industry heavily reliant upon rich raw materials specifically mining sectors forced upon import consumer goods soviet republics.faced problems especially countryside need state farm repairs well housing farmers lack available preschools rural children nazarbayev tenure raised issues regard problems reportedly met disagreements amongst republics leadership.growing frustrated problems within kazakh ssr th session communist party kazakhstan held january nazarbayev criticized askar kunayev head academy sciences reforming department. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | dinmukhamed nazarbayevs boss askars brother felt deeply angered betrayed.kunayev went moscow demanded nazarbayevs dismissal nazarbayevs supporters campaigned kunayevs dismissal nazarbayevs promotion.kunayev ousted replaced gennady kolbin ethnic russian despite office little authority kazakhstan.nazarbayev named party leader top position first secretary communist party june second kazakh kunayev hold post.chairman supreme soviet head state february april .on april nazarbayev elected first president kazakhstan supreme soviet.supported russian president boris yeltsin attempted coup august soviet hardliners. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | nazarbayev close enough soviet general secretary mikhail gorbachev gorbachev consider post vice president soviet union however nazarbayev turned offer down.however july gorbachev yeltsin nazarbayev discussed decided new union treaty signed nazarbayev would replace valentin pavlov premier soviet union.the soviet union disintegrated following failed coup though nazarbayev highly concerned maintaining close economic ties kazakhstan russia.countrys first presidential election held december appeared alone ballot vote.december signed almaata protocol taking kazakhstan commonwealth independent states.presidency – first term nazarbayev renamed former state defense committees ministry defense appointed sagadat nurmagambetov defense minister may .the supreme soviet leadership chairman serikbolsyn abdilin began debating draft constitution june . |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | opposition political parties azat jeltoqsan republican party held demonstrations almaata june calling formation coalition government resignation sergey tereshchenkos government supreme soviet time composed former communist party legislators yet stand election.constitution adopted january created strong executive branch limited checks executive power.on december supreme soviet voted dissolve day presidential decree signed set changes local representative executive bodies elections mäslihats local legislatures taking place every years äkims local heads appointed president.march kazakhstan first time since independence held legislative election boycotted azat jeltoqsan parties.propresidential peoples union kazakhstan unity party majority seats independent candidates presidentiallist seats.osce observers called elections unfair reporting inflated voter turnout. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | nevertheless new composition parliament considered professional different various political factions functioned.may surpeme council passed vote confidence prime minister sergey tereshchenko amidst political scandals evolving tereshchenko government ministers.nazarbayev objected change arguing constitution gave president right appoint pm already existing parliamentary confirmation regardless motion confidence.however eventually backed dismissing tereshchenkos government october appointing ethnickazakh akezhan kazhegeldin new pm.in nazarbayev suggested relocating capital city almaty astana official changeover capital happened december .in march constitutional court ruled legislative elections held unconstitutionally result nazarbayev dissolved supreme council.period bills adopted basis presidential decrees outlawing civic participation unregistered andor illegal public association would punished day jail sentence fines – times minimum monthly wage effort fight organized crime. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | april referendum extended nazarbayevs term originally set end .august referendum held allowed greater presidential powers established bicameral parliament well.elections mazhilis lower house senate upper house held december convened january .nazarbayev dismissed accusations critics personally dissolving legislature claiming constitutional courts orders saying law law president obliged abide constitution otherwise build ruleoflaw state cancellation presidential elections made decision assembly people kazakhstan arguing western schemes work eurasian expanses.in october nazarbayev dismissed prime minister akezhan kazhegeldin post according political experts seen power grab.address criticized kazhegeldin record reforms place nazarbayev appointed nurlan balgimbayev oil engineer prior served oil gas minister. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | – second term october number amendments made constitution kazakhstan term office president increased years well term limits.changes also removed restriction maximum required age presidential candidate.following day october nazarbayev signed decree setting election date january .reelected second term winning vote defeating main challenger former surpeme council chairman serikbolsyn abdildin.abdildin response refused acknowledge official results insisting falsified.in february several propresidential parties formed one party named otan. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | founding congress party held march nazarbayev elected chairman.suggested former pm sergey tereshchenko take leading role noting constitutional limits presidents affiliation political parties nazarbayev remained defacto party leader.july nazarbayev signed decree setting date legislative elections.otan first time participated elections winning seats.aftermath october nazarbayev appointed kassymjomart tokayev pm predecessor nurlan balgimbayev faced increasing unpopularity amidst worsening economy scandal revolving around arms deal north korea.nazarbayev appointed altynbek sarsenbayev time served minister culture information concord secretary security council replacing marat tazhin may . |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | tazhin became chairman national security committee replacing alnur mussayev.mussayev became head presidential security service.in january prime minister kassymjomart tokayev resigned post subsequently appointed minister foreign affairs state secretary.imangali tasmagambetov took tokayevs role new pm viewed response towards political crisis occurred following formation democratic choice kazakhstan november several prominent kazakh officials called political democratic reforms.tasmagambetovs government shortlived facing opposition parliament proposed policies land privatisation led motion confidence him.tasmagambetov resigned june nazarbayev appointed daniyal akhmetov lead government citing reason intensify pace social economic development. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | – third term june constitutional council announced resolution declared nazarbayevs second term–was fact–his first due adaptation new kazakh constitution took place nazarbayevs first term.allowed gave opportunity run another election term set end .december new presidential elections held nazarbayev overwhelming majority .total eligible participating voters.nazarbayev sworn another sevenyear term january .in otan increased ranks propresidential parties began merging one. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | nazarbayev supported move stating need fewer stronger parties efficiently defend interests population.december otan renamed nur otan july nazarbayev reelected partys chairman.amidst political shakeup nazarbayev dismissed prime minister daniyal akhmetov january appointed deputy pm karim massimov post.stated massimov sufficient knowledge experience develop kazakhstans successes.on may parliament kazakhstan approved constitutional amendment allowed incumbent president—himself—to run unlimited number fiveyear terms.amendment applied specifically nazarbayev original constitutions prescribed maximum two fiveyear terms still apply future presidents kazakhstan.year august legislative elections held nur otan contested seats mazhilis eliminating form opposition sparked controversy criticism international organizations groups within country. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | response kazakhstan introduced amendment allowing twoparty system since party wins nd place race–regardless passes electoral threshold–would guaranteed representation parliament.nazarbayev always emphasized role education nations social development.order make education affordable january introduced educational grant orken talented youth kazakhstan.decree amended september .in former uk cabinet minister jonathan aitken released biography kazakh leader entitled nazarbayev making kazakhstan.book took generally pronazarbayev stance asserting introduction mostly responsible success modern kazakhstan.– fourth term april nazarbayev ran fourth term winning . |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | vote virtually opposition candidates.following victory announced need finding optimal way empowering parliament increasing governments responsibility improving electoral process.on june daniel witt vice chairman eurasia foundation acknowledged role nazarbayev political reformspresident nazarbayev led kazakhstan difficult times era prosperity growth.demonstrated values u.s. western alliances committed achieving democratic governance.in december opponents nazarbayev rioted mangystau described bbc biggest opposition movement time power.december demonstrations oil town zhanaozen clashed police countrys independence day.fifteen people shot dead security forces almost people injured. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | protests quickly spread cities died down.subsequent trial demonstrators uncovered mass abuse torture detainees.on september nazarbayev appointed serik akhmetov pm closeally nazarbayev served first deputy pm massimovs cabinet äkim karaganda region.massimov turn became new head presidential administration.in december nazarbayev outlined forwardlooking national strategy called kazakhstan strategy.in nazarbayev suggested kazakhstan change name kazakh eli country kazakhs country attract better foreign investment since kazakhstan name associated stan countries.nazarbayev noted mongolia receives investment kazakhstan stan country even though neighborhood stable kazakhstan.however noted decision decided people whether country change name.after kazakhstan faced economic downturn caused low oil prices devaluation tenge nazarbayev april dismissed pm serik akhmetov reappointed karim massimov post. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | akhmetov subsequently appointed defence minister massimovs government aimed dealing economic crisis.– fifth final term nazarbayev last time ran presidential election fifth term.gathered .vote share making one biggests kazakhstans history.victory speech empathized top priority nurly zhol stimulus package designed softening social blow caused economic troubles. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | later news conference nazarbayev speaking electoral results remarked apologize superdemocratic states figures unacceptable.could nothing.interfered would looked undemocratic right” organization security cooperation europe criticized election falling short international democratic standards.in early announced .million hectares agricultural land would sold auction.sparked rare protests around country called nazarbayev stop momentum land sales solve nations problems well. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | response fears lands sold foreigners especially chinese nazarbayev fired back claims calling groundless warned provocateur would punished.may kazakhstan peoples unity day nazarbayev warned without unity stability crisis similarly ukraine would happen.june armed attacks aktobe took place resulting deaths people.nazarbayev called incident terrorist attacks orchestrated abroad destabilize country similarly colour revolution accused infiltrated isis militants.on september nazarbayev appointed karim massimov national security committee chairman bakhytzhan sagintayev post pm.days later september nazarbayevs daughter dariga appointed member senate. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | suggested nazarbayev preparing succession taken dariga cabinet reshuffling occurred uzbek president islam karimovs death created political uncertainty neighboring country.nazarbayev dismissed claims hereditary succession interview bloomberg news november saying transfer power spelled constitution.in january nazarbayev proposed constitutional reforms would allow parliament greater role decision making calling consistent logical step development state.parliament approved several amendments constitution march making president longer able override parliamentary votes noconfidence giving legislative branch form government cabinet implementing state programs policies.move seen way nazarbayev ensure potential peaceful transfer power.nazarbayev along seventeen heads state government around world included felipe vi spain leaders shanghai cooperation organization member countries consisting russia china kazakhstan kyrgyzstan uzbekistan tajikistan pakistan india attended opening ceremony expo held astana.estimated . |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | million people visited site nazarbayev closing ceremony september calling kazakhstans brilliant achievements since independence.senate chairman kassymjomart tokayev interview bbc news june suggested nazarbayevs term presidential fact last one hinted possibility nazarbayev would run reelection scheduled .minister information communications dauren abaev responded tokayevs statements claiming theres still lot time nazarbayev decide whether run reelection pointing decision primarily based his.also added country would benefit nazarbayev chooses run sixth term.resignation march following unusually persistent protests cities across country nazarbayev announced resignation president kazakhstan citing need new generation leaders.announcement broadcast televised address astana signed decree ending powers march . |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | president kazakhstan resign office.kassymjomart tokayev speaker upper house parliament appointed president country end presidential term.his resignation president viewed notwithstanding continued heading ruling nur otan party remains member constitutional council.televised address nazarbayev pointed granted honorary status elbasy leader nation leader people title bestowed upon parliament .various colleagues nazarbayev reacted within hours announcement uzbek president shavkat mirziyoyev holding telephone conversation nazarbayev calling great politician.cabinet meeting russian president vladimir putin praised nazarbayevs leadership even going far say eurasian economic union nazarbayevs brainchild.world leaders sent messages nazarbayev included ilham aliyev president azerbaijan alexander lukashenko president belarus emomali rahmon president tajikistan.according nazarbayev described intention stepping due peak trust people necessary leave recalling memories attending funerals soviet leaders leonid brezhnev yuri andropov konstantin chernenko embarking still limit human capabilities. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | allegations corruption course nazarbayevs presidency increasing number accusations corruption favoritism directed nazarbayev circle.critics say countrys government come resemble clan system.according new yorker swiss banking officials discovered account apparently belonging nazarbayev money intended kazakh treasury part transferred accounts linked james giffen.subsequently nazarbayev successfully pushed parliamentary bill granting legal immunity well another designed legalise money laundering angering critics further.kazakh opposition newspaper respublika reported nazarbayev mids secretly stashed away state oil revenue swiss bank accounts decapitated carcass dog left outside newspapers offices warning reading wont next time dogs head later turned outside editor irina petrushovas apartment warning reading last time.newspaper firebombed well.in may parliament kazakhstan approved constitutional amendment would allow nazarbayev seek reelection many times wishes. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | amendment applies specifically nazarbayev since states first president limits many times run office subsequent presidents restricted fiveyear term.as kazakhstan never held election meeting international standards.in may parliament kazakhstan passed constitutional amendment allowing nazarbayev serve chairman security council life.reforms approved constitutional council june also expanded powers security council granting status constitutional body.amendment states decisions security council chairman security council mandatory subject strict execution state bodies organisations officials republic kazakhstan.in december according investigative report radio free europeradio liberty identified least million european u.s. real estate purchases made nazarbaevs family members inlaws six countries year span.figure includes handful properties since sold including multimilliondollar apartments united states bought nazarbaevs brother bolat.include sprawling spanish estate owned kulibaev purchase price could found. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | domestic policy economic issues breakup soviet union kazakhstan faced mass unemployment emigration.nazarbayev viewed followed russias economic reforms starting price liberalisations.january signed decree measures liberalise prices attempt stabilise countrys socioeconomic situation form market economy within kazakhstan.resulted rapid inflation goods causing discontent amongst citizens thus forcing nazarbayev january sign additional measures social protection population context price liberalisation established partial stateregulated prices bread bakery products flour.throughout privatisation banking reforms took place kazakhstan.june nazarbayev amended parliaments economic memorandum next three years defined economic strategy. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | included strict measures reform economy establish macroeconomic stability set task carrying rapid vigorous privatization.introduction national bank kazakhstan december significant changes made specialized banks transformed joint stock company national bank granted number powers.march nazarbayev signed decree setting national bank independent entity accountable head state.kazakhstan managed avoid full impact asian financial crisis russian financial crisis due lack high liquid investments.nazarbayev pledged continue advancing independent open free market economy.starting early kazakh economy faced huge growth thanks development energy sector high oil prices. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | nazarbayev published manifesto prosperity security evergrowing welfare kazakhstanis wrote today building new state new market economy new democracy this–at time many independent states already trodden path similar enough.following financial crisis – nazarbayev assured nation october would deal crisis introducing rescue package amounted countrys gdp funded thanks part national sovereign wealth fund.state address march announced jobs workers spheres infrastructure projects well creation eurasian land bridge.since nazarbayev set strategic priority kazakhstan economic diversification would maintain countrys stability avoiding effects oil export reliance would affect economy constant price downfalls.eurasian economic union nazarbayev suggested idea creating eurasian union speech moscow state university.may alongside russian president vladimir putin belarusian president aleksandr lukashenko nazarbayev signed founding treaty eurasian union eeu astana paving way transition current customs union fullfledged eeu jan. .nazarbayev named honorary chairman supreme eurasian economic council may . |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | kazakhstan strategy nazarbayev unveiled state nation kazakhstan strategy longterm strategy ensure future growth prospects kazakhstan position kazakhstan one top developed nations world.nurly zhol president nazarbayev unveiled multibilliondollar domestic modernization reformation plan called nurly zhol path future.officially approved decree president april .goal plan development improvement tourist industrial housing infrastructure create new jobs increase gdp growth rate ..in march announced program would extended new agenda focused developing road infrastructure. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | according minister infrastructure development beibut atamkulov planned kilometres local roads repaired kilometers national roads reconstructed repaired.digital kazakhstan president nazarbayev unveiled technological modernization initiative increase kazakhstans economic competitiveness digital ecosystem development.reform agenda nazarbayevs legacy generally reformer whose reforms generally acknowledged successful postsoviet era cis.environmental issues autobiography nazarbayev wrote shrinking aral sea scope one serious ecological disasters faced planet today.exaggeration put level destruction amazon rainforest. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | called uzbekistan turkmenistan tajikistan kyrgyzstan wider world reverse environmental damage done soviet era.nuclear disarmament kazakhstan inherited soviet union worlds fourthlargest stockpile nuclear weapons.within four years independence kazakhstan possessed zero nuclear weapons.one new governments first major decisions nazarbayev closed soviet nuclear test site semipalatinsk semei nuclear tests conducted soviet military.during soviet era military experiments nuclear weapons conducted scientists kazakhstan region mostly semipalatinsk test site causing radiation sickness birth defects.influence soviet union waned nazarbayev closed site. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | later claimed encouraged olzhas suleimenovs antinuclear movement kazakhstan always fully committed groups goals.dubbed project sapphire kazakhstan united states governments worked closely together dismantle former soviet weapons stored country americans agreeing fund transportation compensation costs.nazarbayev encouraged united nations general assembly establish august international day nuclear tests.article proposed new nonproliferation treaty would guarantee clear obligations part signatory governments define real sanctions fail observe terms agreement.foreign minister signed treaty authorizing central asian nuclear weapon free zone september .in oped washington times nazarbayev called nuclear nonproliferation treaty modernized better balanced.in march nazarbayev released manifesto world.st century. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | manifest called expanding replicating existing nuclearweaponfree zones stressed need modernise existing international disarmament treaties.religion nazarbayev put forward initiative holding forum world traditional religions astana.earlier organisers similar events representatives leading religions denominations.among similar events aimed establishing interdenominational dialogue meetings representatives world religions denominations held assisi italy october january .first congress world traditional religions gathered allowed leaders major religions develop prospects mutual cooperation.nazarbayev initially espoused antireligious views soviet era later made attempts support muslim heritage performing hajj pilgrimage supporting mosque renovations.under leadership nazarbayev kazakhstan enacted degrees multiculturalism order retain attract talents diverse ethnic groups among citizenry even nations developing ties cooperation country order coordinate human resources onto stateguided path global market economic participation. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | principle kazakh leadership earned name singapore steppes.however nazarbayev proposed reforms later enacted parliament imposing stringent restrictions religious practices.religious groups required reregister face closure.initiative explained attempt combat extremism.however new law many minority religious groups deemed illegal.order exist local level group must members regional level national level. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | nationalism vladimir putins remarks regarding historicity kazakhstan stated nazarbayev created state territory never state ... kazakhs never statehood created led severe response nazarbayev.in february reuters reported kazakhstan loosened cultural ties former political masters moscow ... ban speaking russian cabinet meetings took effect ... nazarbayev also ordered parliamentary hearings held kazakh saying fluent must provided simultaneous translations.human rights record kazakhstans human rights situation nazarbayev uniformly described poor independent observers.human rights watch says kazakhstan heavily restricts freedom assembly speech religion.authorities closed newspapers jailed fined dozens people peaceful unsanctioned protests fined detained worshippers practicing religion outside state controls.government critics including opposition leader vladimir kozlov remained detention unfair trials. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | mid kazakhstan adopted new criminal criminal executive criminal procedural administrative codes new law trade unions contain articles restricting fundamental freedoms incompatible international standards.torture remains common places detention.kazakhstan ranked countries world press freedom index compiled reporters without borders.rule law according us government report released kazakhstanthe law require police inform detainees right attorney police so.human rights observers alleged law enforcement officials dissuaded detainees seeing attorney gathered evidence preliminary questioning detainee’s attorney arrived cases used corrupt defense attorneys gather evidence....the law adequately provide independent judiciary. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | executive branch sharply limited judicial independence.prosecutors enjoyed quasijudicial role authority suspend court decisions.corruption evident every stage judicial process.although judges among highly paid government employees lawyers human rights monitors alleged judges prosecutors officials solicited bribes exchange favorable rulings majority criminal cases.kazakhstans global rank world justice projects rule law index country scored well order security global rank poorly constraints government powers global rank open government fundamental rights downward trend marking deterioration conditions.kazakhstans global rank world justice projects rule law index rose . |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | global rank order security remained high low constraints government powers open government fundamental rights .the national plan concrete steps introduced president nazarbayev included measures reform court system kazakhstan including introduction mandatory jury trials certain categories crimes step creation local police service step .implementation national plan resulted kazakhstans transition fivetier judicial system threetier one early yet severely restricted access cassation review cases supreme court.however expansion jury trials implemented.furthermore nazarbayev abolished local police service following public outrage murder denis ten downtown almaty.foreign policy nazarbayevs presidency main principle kazakhstans international relations multivector foreign policy based initiatives establish friendly relations foreign partners. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | governments policies considered moderate maintaining balance world powers united states russia.from nazarbayev paid official visits united states united kingdom china germany russia turkey japan nations.nations recognized kazakhstan established diplomatic relations countries.first major diplomatic initiatives nazarbayev dealing strategic issues obtaining international security guarantees aftermath nuclear disarmament result pressure western nations.nazarbayev called russia united states china conclude nonaggression pact kazakhstan would also guarantee countrys sovereignty.december russia u.s. u.k. signed budapest memorandum security assurances kazakhstan based nonproliferation treaty npt. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | later governments china france added signatures memorandum.kazakhstan nazarbayev became cofounders shanghai cooperation organisation .in january zimbabwean president emmerson mnangagwa conducted state visit astana meet nazarbayev first visit african leader country years.would last foreign head state nazarbayev would receive office.nazarbayevs last state visit foreign country took place five days prior resignation visiting united arab emirates meet crown prince mohammed bin zayed.china diplomatic relations kazakhstan china established january chinese premier li peng visiting country april met nazarbayev.nations signed boundary agreement april later pengs second visit almaty additional agreement border two countries signed september .in december nazarbayevs visit china agreement good neighborliness friendship cooperation china kazakhstan cooperation two countries combat terrorism separatism extremism signed.in may total ten trade economic cooperation agreements signed included major atasualashankou oil pipeline would connect western kazakhstan china john c. k. daly jamestown foundation describing symbolic link two st century’s rising powers joining booming producer cashflush consumer. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | construction expansion project fully completed .iran speech given december marking fifteenth anniversary kazakhstans independence nazarbayev stated wished join iran support single currency central asian states intended push idea forward president iran mahmoud ahmadinejad upcoming visit.one speeches however nazarbayev criticised iran one countries provides support terrorism.kazakh foreign ministry however released statement december saying remarks really meant comments mistakes.during announcement railway link nazarbayev expressed religious solidarity iran quoted saying today pay visit turkmenistan agree construction railway kazakhstan turkmenistan iran access persian gulf.bring us closer muslim brothers. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | israel notwithstanding kazakhstans membership organisation islamic conference organisation islamic cooperation nazarbayev kazakhstan good relations israel.diplomatic relations established nazarbayev paid official visits israel .bilateral trade two countries amounted million .israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu conducted first ever visit kazakhstan middecember met nazarbayev.two countries signed agreements research development aviation civil service commissions agricultural cooperation well declaration establishing agricultural consortium.united states nazarbayev made first state visit united states – may met u.s. president george h. w. bush. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | sides expressed interests develop friendly cooperative relations countries strengthen international peace stability early ratification start ii treaty.order gain investments kazakhstan nazarbayev visit signed agreement chevron corporation obliged develop tengiz field would extract barrels oil per day revenue billion year.in september met president george w. bush white house nazarbayev received praise bush support u.s. led iraq war kazakhstans important oil supplier u.s. nazarbayev proclaimed economics energy partnership policy war terror truly become close partners.referring u.s. support kazakhstans independence.also challenged bush world leaders follow countrys suit make nations nuclearfree.at nuclear security summit held seoul nazarbayev met president barack obama remarked kazakhstan key leader issues nuclear material elimination developing international fuel bank.meeting nazarbayev gift gave obama tumar traditional turkic amulet good luck eventually used later jokingly describe sole reason obamas win united states presidential election.in september th session un general assembly nazarbayev met obama new york city leaders discussed issues regarding war donbas goals finding peaceful solution based minsk protocol well nuclear disarmament fighting extremism situation afghanistan combatting isis. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | nazarbayev thanked u.s. assistance accessing kazakhstan world trade organization.following months later u.s. secretary state john kerry visited kazakhstan – november offered support nazarbayevs concrete steps programme.u.s.presidentelect donald trump lauded nazabayevs leadership called kazakhstans achievements presidency miracle phone call november .nazarbayev visited washington d.c. january met trump oval office.trump praised kazakhstan valued partner efforts rid korean peninsula nuclear weapons... prevent north korean regime threatening world nuclear devastation noted countrys crucial support u.s. forces afghanistan preventing safe terrorists. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | turkey earliest official diplomatic contacts established turkey kazakhstan soviet union.march turkish president turgut özal paid visit capital almaata met nazarbayev parties discussed issues related establishment expansion cooperation trade economic scientific technical cultural spheres.agreement cooperation kazakh ssr republic turkey signed making first international treaty kazakhstan.september year nazarbayev visited ankara memorandum understanding signed.following kazakhstans declaration independence soviet union december turkey among first countries recognize new sovereign kazakhstan.nazarbayev paid first official visit ankara october commensurate opening kazakh embassy capital. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | spite relations two states taking nazarbayev first turkic speaking states summit held istanbul opposed president özals initiatives attempting unite turkicspeaking territories one nation.in aftermath turkish coup détat attempt nazarbayev vowed extradite persons employed lycuems links terrorism gülen movement conduct joint inspection educational institutions located within kazakhstan.since trade kazakhstan turkey amounted total billion dollars yearly reaching .billion peak remaining stagnant there.nazarbayevs meeting president recep tayyip erdoğan istanbul september leaders announced willingness increase tradeover billion dollars billion set long term.postpresidency according economist despite resignation still behind leadership country.resignation considered moscow times attempt turn lee kuan yew type public figure. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | month since resignation met south korean president moon jaein hungarian prime minister viktor orbán visit kazakhstan.notably meetings nazarbayev took place separately meetings president tokayev de jure head state.two days leaving office attended nauryz celebrations greeted civilian population.regard accommodations first president known personal office known kökorda moved different location capital presidential palace.also reported late april nazarbayev also maintains private jet official private visits.he embarked two foreign visits since leaving office beijing moscow. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | former visit took place second belt road forum latter took place moscow victory day parade.latemay turkish foreign minister mevlüt çavuşoğlu announced naming nazarbayev honorary president turkic council.september visited moscow attend moscow city day celebrations vdnkh open pavilion trade show.visit azerbaijani capital baku told hosting president ilham aliyev father former president heydar aliyev would delighted development capital.late october attended enthronement japanese emperor naruhito representative kazakhstan. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | visit met ukrainian president volodymyr zelensky congratulated election victory invited zelensky visit kyiv.nazarbayev met spanish tennis player rafael nadal visit kazakhstan charity tennis match.meeting nadal personally called former spanish king juan carlos i. october announced potential ministerial candidates needed approval nazarbayev appointed tokayev exception minister defence interior minister foreign minister.on november nazarbayev named honorary chair central asian consultative meeting.announced second consultative meeting heads state central asia tashkent.at th session assembly people kazakhstan qha held april nazarbayev announced intention step qha chairman president kassymjomart tokayev succeed role describing emotional serious step.however tokayev suggested nazarbayev named honorary chairman qha statements received applause. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | nazarbayev accepted offer promising continue work assembly.in october visit united arab emirates nazarbayev awarded crown prince mohamed bin zayed al nahyan nuclear weaponfree world global security award ensuring peace regional stability sustainable economic development.on november nur otan political council meeting revealed nazarbayev would resign partys leadership suggested president tokayev take position stressing nur otan led incumbent president.move met various reactions political analysts activists affirming would increase tokayevs governing powers influence kazakh politics going far proclaiming end era nazarbayev.according nazarbayevs press secretary aidos ükıbai decision logical continuation transit power party needing main support tokayev due global crisis caused pandemic.capital renaming march nazarbayevs resignation president kassymjomart tokayev proposed renaming capital astana nursultan honor nazarbayev.parliament kazakhstan officially voted favour renaming. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | covid nazarbayev created biz birgemiz lit.together fund march fight pandemic covid effectively supporting economy.june fund gathered billion tenge .million provide financial aid families cities part funds three waves assistance.upon diagnosis covid midjune year received calls telegrams support world leaders including vladimir putin king abdullah ii jordan well former president croatia stjepan mesić.in june nazarbayev received russianmade sputnik v vaccine virus. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | urged everyone get vaccinated due emergence new covid strains health acknowledging challenging times happening amidst pandemic wishing health wellbeing public.th birthday recovered virus july time celebration th birthday held july also coincided day capital city.nazarbayev received congratulations leader armenian president armen sarkissian russian president vladimir putin former tatar president mintimer shaimiev former turkish president abdullah gül.former deputy minister foreign affairs russia grigory karasin described nazarbayev interview honoring birthday one world politicians vision political processes.celebratory events held virtually due covid pandemic country. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | statue nazarbayev military uniform unveiled national defense university institution bears name.legislative campaign continuing lead nur otan resigning presidency nazarbayev signed decree preparation legislative elections june setting date closed primaries would held within party open political competition promote civic engagement political process empower women youth country instructed party include women people age list.primaries held august october nazarbayev voted online.at th nur otan extraordinary congress held november nur otan revealed list party candidates well electoral platforms approved delegates.nazarbayev congress spoke sayingthe partys program announced president kassymjomart tokayev today ambitious time calculated supported financial human resources.logical extension reforms. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | throughout years independence always set clear goals said necessary work hard hard achieve them.same.support program proposed president common task rally around work together.believe love homeland everything possible progress.nazarbayev congress accused united states double standards conduct presidential elections telling talk united states america osce allowed elections all.democrats allow republican observers on. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | order criticize big state criticized disorders.response belarusian protests president alexander lukashenkos reelection nazarbayev criticized protestors saying “theyve fucking belarus whole month noted bulgarian protests nazarbayev claimed received lack international attention contrast belarus.conclude nur otan congress nazarbayev proposed bauyrjan baibek head partys campaign headquarters decision unanimously supported nur otan delegates.in following aftermath elections mazhilis held january ruling nur otan swept comfortable majority seats despite loss eight seats contrary election.nazarbayev congratulated partys victory election saying kazakhstanis associate development country improvement welfare party.unrest resignation security council following outbreak protests sudden sharp increase gas prices president kassymjomart tokayev declared state emergency mangystau region almaty effective january . |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | mamin cabinet resigned day.evening january tokayev announced nazarbayevs resignation security council.questions regarding nazarbayevs whereabouts arose viewed main target unrest antinazarbayev slogans chanted throughout protests along monuments street names dedicated vandalized torn down.rumours nazarbayev fleeing kazakhstan brought echo moscow chief editor alexei venediktov claiming preparing leave country unspecified treatment citing inner diplomatic circle.kyrgyz media reported private jet belonging nazarbayevs family allegedly arrived capital bishkek united arab emirates without official confirmation.kazakh embassy uae denied reports presence country. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | spokesperson aidos ükıbai twitter dismissed claims affirming nazarbayev capital nursultan stayed country whole time.ükıbai stated nazarbayev holds number consultative meetings direct contact president tokayev urged everyone rally around overcome current challenges ensure integrity kazakhstan.on january nazarbayev made first public appearance video address since unrest calling events tragedy became lesson us.urged public protect independence like apple ones eye finding unknown people responsible demonstrations murders expressing condolences families victims protests.address nazarbayev dismissed rumours regard supposed inner conflict countrys elite calling absolutely groundless insisting hed pensioner ever since handing presidency tokayev remarked possesses full power set elected new chairman ruling nur otan party.nazarbayev remarked achievements president goal form stability tranquility country calling everyone protect enduring values unity around tokayev supporting reform agenda. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | personal life nursultan nazarbayev identifies muslim.devout nazarbayev described spirituality based words abai qunanbaiuly kazakh poet whose philosophy based enlightened islam.according nazarbayev abais words wisdom aided attempting build modern kazakhstan collapse soviet union.nazarbayev married sara alpysqyzy nazarbayeva.three daughters dariga dinara aliya.aliyas first marriage notably aidar akayev eldest son former president kyrgyzstan askar akayev short period made two central asian leaders related. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | grown soviet union nazarbayev fluent kazakh well russian understands english.two brothers satybaldy – bolat born well one sister named anip.august nazarbayevs grandson aisultan reportedly died cardiac arrest london.prior aisultan made several public statements social media nazarbayev biological father life constantly threatened.also accused grandfathers associates plotting scheming. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | response nazarbayev described aisultan similar expressing regrets telling one could sent anywhere impossible keep him.already slave work could stop.treated moscow treated london.seems went came back again.on june reported nazarbayev tested positive covid spokesman stated nazarbayev would go isolation work remotely.july nazarbayev recovered back feet three weeks contracting virus. |
Nursultan Nazarbayev | nazarbayev later meeting russian president vladimir putin recalled sickness telling group russian doctors stood ten days.decisive recovery forgotten.in october interview nazarbayev revealed suffered disease spine back became noticed attending concert resulting carefully escorted hall eventually undergo vertebra surgery nazarbayev stated amongst things influenced eventually resigning presidency.honours kazakhstan collar order golden eagle collar order first president kazakhstan – leader nation nursultan nazarbayev recipient medal astana recipient medal years independence republic kazakhstan recipient medal th anniversary armed forces republic kazakhstan recipient medal th anniversary constitution republic kazakhstan recipient medal commemoration th anniversary railway kazakhstan recipient medal years parliament republic kazakhstan recipient medal years virgin lands recipient jubilee medal years victory great patriotic war recipient medal years city astana recipient medal years independence republic kazakhstan algys order soviet union recipient order red banner labour recipient order badge honour recipient medal development virgin lands recipient jubilee medal years armed forces ussr russian federation russia knight order st. andrew apostle firstcalled recipient order alexander nevsky recipient medal commemoration th anniversary kazan recipient medal commemoration th anniversary saint petersburg recipient medal commemoration th anniversary moscow chechnya recipient order akhmad kadyrov tatarstan recipient order merits fatherland foreign awards afghanistan recipient amir amanullah khan award austria grand star decoration honour services republic austria azerbaijan heydar aliyev order belarus recipient order friendship peoples belgium grand cordon order leopold china recipient order friendship croatia grand cross grand order king tomislav egypt grand cordon order nile estonia first class collar order cross terra mariana finland grand cross collar order white rose finland commander grand cross order lion finland france grand cross order legion honour greece grand cross order redeemer hungary grand cross chair order merit republic hungary italy knight grand cross collar order merit italian republic japan grand cordon order chrysanthemum kyrgyzstan golden order honor th anniversary manas latvia commander grand cross chain order three stars lithuania grand cross order vytautas great may luxembourg grand cross order oak crown monaco grand cross order saintcharles poland knight order white eagle qatar collar order independence romania collar order star romania serbia first class order republic serbia slovakia first class order white double cross south korea recipient grand order mugunghwa spain knight collar order isabella catholic tajikistan recipient order ismoili somoni turkey first class order state republic turkey october ukraine member order liberty first class order prince yaroslav wise united arab emirates collar order zayed united kingdom honorary knight grand cross order st michael st george uzbekistan recipient gold medal uzbekistan jordan street amman named him.world turks qurultai turk el ata spiritual leader turkic people.russia street central part kazan named him.kazakhstan capital kazakhstan named resignation .popular culture nazarbayev portrayed romanian actor dani popescu satirical film borat subsequent moviefilm delivery prodigious bribe american regime make benefit glorious nation kazakhstan.family tree see also counterterrorism kazakhstangovernment kazakhstanlist national leaderspolitics kazakhstanacmetal notes references specificgeneralnazarbayev nursultan nursultan nazarbayev life times future... pilkington press isbn external links media related nursultan nazarbayev wikimedia commons |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | disasters context may include largescale natural events earthquakes flooding bushfire well humancaused events theft vandalism.increasingly anthropogenic climate change factor cultural heritage disaster planning due rising sea levels changes rainfall patterns warming average temperatures frequent extreme weather events.the primary goal disaster preparedness identify actions taken reduce either chance disaster occurring lessen effects.example clearing building gutters reduces chance overflow leaks heavy rainfall storing collection objects inside closed cabinets reduces chance water damage water leaks still occur.however disaster preparedness generally recognised ongoing process planning preparation response review order learn disasters occur.professions influenced disaster preparedness context include conservatorrestorers curators collection managers registrars.to plan prevent disasters occurring cultural heritage organisations often perform risk assessment identify potential hazards might ameliorated. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | develop disaster emergency response plan tailored needs institution taking consideration factors like climate location specific collection vulnerabilities.response plan includes details floor plans evacuation routes emergency supply locations contact information emergency response team members critical stakeholders collection priority salvage lists locations used emergency salvage work storage.countries jurisdictions may official requirements emergency preparedness plan quality assurance standards guidelines determined government local authorities.categories disaster cultural property faces threats variety sources daily basis thieves vandals pests pollution light humidity temperature natural emergencies physical forces.effects stemming issues treated sometimes reversed interventive conservation damage occurred. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | however many sources danger mentioned controllable others least predictable.disaster preparedness strives mitigate occurrence damage deterioration risk management research implementation procedures enhance safety cultural heritage objects collections.disaster preparedness considered integral part collections maintenance collections management related museum integrated pest management museum environments.agents deterioration forces act upon materials cause change deteriorate time.commonly held ten main agents deterioration.incorrect temperature incorrect relative humidity light dust pollutants also called contaminants pests physical forces theft vandalism fire water dissociation custodial neglect. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | important recognize type damage agent may present well ways mitigate harmful effects.most forces vary intensity severity.example earthquakes type physical force cause widespread severe damage cultural heritage.handling accident single item dropped damaged also example physical forces may considered disaster context disaster planning incident likely dealt part regular daytoday business.events considered disasters context disaster preparedness tend sudden acute incidents widespread disruptive effects natural disasters require substantial redirection resourcing normal business.type events included organisations disaster preparedness plan depend risk appetite. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | examples disasters affecting cultural organisations cultural heritage given using agents deterioration category headings.natural disasters usually dictated region climate.may predictable degree geographic locations known prone earthquakes hurricanes etc.exact timing intensity natural disasters uncertain.examples natural disasters include hurricanes tornados floods blizzards landslides earthquakes aftershocks bushfires wildfires sandstorms dust storms.types hazards cause extreme structural object damage museums. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | many disasters resulted loss life livelihoods addition loss damage cultural heritage.temperature heatwaves becoming common extreme many areas world due effects anthropogenic climate change.temperature major factor rate chemical deterioration higher average temperatures fluctuations cause cultural heritage deteriorate faster rate.biological deterioration insects mould mold microorganisms may also occur quickly thrive higher temperatures.cultural heritage disasters relating extreme heat typically associated fire though extreme high temperatures cause structural damage desiccation textiles embrittlement paint layers softening melting adhesives plastics. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | change weather conditions may also cause low temperatures cause stiffening embrittlement collection items.incorrect relative humidity relative humidity rh cause damage cultural heritage high low fluctuates widely frequently specific materials.typically cause disasters though high humidity major factor mould mold outbreaks.mould mold outbreaks often associated flooding water leaks causing temporary increases moisture content air however mould mold caused high humidity ongoing concern cultural heritage tropical climates.contamination pollutants dust storms excessive dust deposition due building works building collapse caused damage cultural heritage. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | physical forces physical forces may result collection disasters include earthquakes structural collapse buildings damage caused civil unrest war.cultural heritage may deliberately targeted wartime due symbolic value.there many highprofile examples loss caused events.well devastating injuries loss life destruction world trade centre building new york september resulted destruction civic business nonprofit archives library archaeological art collections.examples broadway theatre archive photographs lost one largest existing urban archaeological assemblages five points area nineteenth century new york.losses detailed report heritage emergency national task force hentf cataclysm challenge impact september nation’s cultural heritage.in two sixcentury bamiyan buddha sculptures afghanistan destroyed explosion set taliban forces.though cultural damage usually dwarfed loss life humanitarian effects examples major earthquakes causing loss historic buildings moveable heritage include bohol philippines earthquake earthquake italy earthquakes christchurch new zealand. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | many churches damaged destroyed earthquakes including paintings frescoes furniture manuscripts stained glass windows contained within.earthquake nepal caused extensive damage museums temples monasteries libraries historic houses.traditional craft practices also disrupted quakes.fire many examples fire damaging cultural heritage.fire cause internal external damage singular exhibits whole building depending cause speed responsiveness.the national museum brazil destroyed fire . |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | fire broke windsor castle damaging several rooms associated furnishings.water flooding locations experience extreme weather conditions rainfall storms one relatively common type disaster affecting cultural collections.extreme weather events also becoming common due effects anthropogenic climate change.water damage may also occur due storm surges coastal areas rising sea levels.disasters also caused faulty pipe sprinkler systems improper use water cleaning.the florence floods pivotal moment development conservation profession. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | theft vandalism theft vandalism may planned acts opportunistic.many highprofile cases planned thefts cultural organisations worldwide though events come public notice thefts occurred normal security controls interrupted building works civil protests even acts terrorism war.dissociation extreme forms dissociation separation physical item information makes significant might include critical loss electronic data cannot retrieved closure sale collection parts entirety due financial political pressures.risks risks collections categorised according agents deterioration.may result direct damage loss collection material instead affect reputation operation organisation. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | example serious issues created due funding sponsorship scandals misuse funds presence looted cultural property material acquired unethical means political social perspectives activities undertaken governing body donor even institutions founder wider societal economic pressures leading closure collecting organisations due loss income.political business social religious media pressure groups may cases interfere operation cultural organisations leading selection bias propaganda discrimination censorship attempts e.g.presentation exhibitions recruitment processes.disaster preparedness plan museums develop disaster emergency preparedness plans natural manmade events may expected occur.plans collectionfocussed separate subcomponent wider organisational operational risk management plans focus human safety business continuity including procedures related crisis management crisis communication order protect institutions reputation case public relations crisis.despite focus cultural heritage collection disaster preparedness plans still emphasise need put human safety collection safety.various contingency plans also included.the primary objectives emergency planning identify risks order anticipate possible avoid emergencies retain control emergency occurs mitigate potential damage quickly possible. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | disaster preparedness plans usually created reviewed consultation various stakeholders.copies disaster preparedness plan kept different locations within outside museum case emergency situation prevents access museum site.training important part disaster preparedness plan ensure staff familiar contents plan understand effectively carry established protocols.a variety templates guides published assist cultural organisations prepare disastersbuilding emergency plan published getty conservation institute usbe prepared published heritage collections council australia made available via australian institute conservation cultural materialsdplan hosted north east document conservation centre nedccthe emergency preparedness response wiki prepared american institute conservation including emergency response salvage wheel.wheel previously available iphone app requires updating bit format.preparation prepare disasters cultural organisations may conduct regular risk assessments identify potential dangers collection related organisational activities. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | assessment used prepare preventive maintenance programs prevent disasters occurring response plans identified scenarios.preparatory activities include creating maintaining inventory collection identifying salvage priorities different disaster scenarios developing emergency telephone contact lists identifying critical resources contractors assembling useful disaster salvage equipment supplies e.g.spill kits wetdry vacuum cleaners fans.training museum personnel another key part preparation stage.insurance detailed flexible insurance policy useful preparation strategy. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | policy may specify replacement value objects owned museum loaned organisations cover building repairs temporary offsite storage cleanup operations costs incurred.prevention emergency preparedness dovetail collections maintenance preservation activities.although many preventive measures universal certain measures particularly useful mitigating collection disasters.preventive maintenance variety teams within cultural organisation contribute upkeep maintenance.facilities management ensure gas sewage electricity water services wellmaintained compliant local codes.maintain fire doors fire detection suppression systems check building regularly fire risks. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | emergency access routes signposted cleared obstacles.collection management teams ensure items stored manner prevent water dust pest ingress.storage enclosures furniture keeps collection objects least cm floor reduce risk floodwaters.environmental monitoring regular monitoring temperature relative humidity collection spaces storage display helps identify new trends unusual occurrences example sudden increase relative humidity detected early enough may possible correct environment mould growth occurs.security measures physical security systems deter potential intruders e.g.warning signs security lighting perimeter markings detect intrusions monitorrecord intruders e.g. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | intruder alarms cctv systems trigger appropriate incident responses e.g.security guards police.resources personnel preparedness personnel includes providing museum staff emergency training predetermined designated responsibilities.trianing may take form desktop walkthroughs scenarios quizzes handson salvage practice.policies procedures attempt maintain control emergency policies procedures emergency plan outline chain command prescribed team roles responsibilities documentation requirements salvage priorities. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | plan review revision periodically museums reevaluate disaster preparedness plan account changes contact numbers locations personnel revised salvage priority lists modifications impacting institutions prevention mitigation preparedness strategy.response immediate action taken within first hours days stabilize environment assess damage report conditions recommendations may considered response phase disaster.contingency communication strategies disaster preparedness plan put action.the welfare staff visitors primary concern emergency safety must ensured first foremost.best response executed following prescribed emergency response plan remaining safe calm acting deliberately.risk assessments recommended identify hazards health safety implement controls recovery salvage work begins. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | example damaged structures may need stabilised safe salvage teams enter.collections facilities may contaminated sewage toxic chemicals hazardous substances.may electrical risks damaged exposed wiring.salvage teams also need safe dry warm rest areas toilet facilities.response activities may includeliaising first responders firecontacting organisations insurance company agents available information photographs incident.contacting organizations private lenders loaned items affected spaces.contacting museum emergency response teams notify standby required immediately.contacting preapproved engineers disaster response salvage organizations service providers make aware incident potential requests assistance e.g.transport generators new interim security controls drying systems fansair pumps clean water freezer services.preparing releasing press release via media liaison.rescheduling tour groups appointments. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | documentation documentation incident damage caused commencing salvage activities important part response stage.helps planning reduces recovery time provides record insurance purposes reporting.photographs showing dislodged objects fallen help identify later based location.documentation may need carried supervision emergency services personnel especially building damaged unstable.the disaster response team use information collected discuss next steps.may include establishing salvage work areas establishing personal protective equipment hazardous substances mitigation requirements recommendations additional security controls triage protocols salvage treatments. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | recovery recovery phase begins disaster situation brought control work retrieve treat damaged collection objects begin.plans developed response phase put action regularly reviewed revised long salvage operations continue.salvage activities effective salvage priorities established prior commencement recovery activities even disaster even occurred.priority salvage lists common component disaster preparedness plans.cultural organisations may prioritise objects based value vulnerability prospects recovery triage.there many online resources specify stabilize care various object formats damaged material condition.activities may include protecting undamaged objects plastic sheeting packing damaged objects move offsite e.g. |
Disaster preparedness (cultural property) | freezer become wet isolating items become mouldy retrieving broken pieces become detached setting fans dry objects become wet.building recovery may occur concurrently facilities security custodial departments.the health safety staff visitors emergency personal remain highest priority.funding recovery efforts many disaster recovery activities limited lack available resources funding.strategies raise funds included approaches existing donors adopt artefact campaigns groups individuals sponsor conservation damaged objects exhibits fundraising events.social media increasingly played major role fundraising mobilizing recovery efforts.see also risk managementcollections managementcollections museumsconservation restoration movable cultural propertyconservatorrestorerpreservation library archive materialsdigital preservationintegrated pest managementdisaster recoverydisaster responseemergency management references external links minnesota historical society emergency preparedness recovery plan disaster response recovery resources linksconnecting collections discussions recordings articles emergency preparation response.where purchase field guide emergency response heritage preservationnational park service conserveograms short focused leaflets discussing prepared emergency salvage artifacts material.how develop conservation plan community museum museums victoria resource outlining develop conservation disaster preparedness plans communityrun museums.preservation needs assessments details steps involved creating preservation needs assessment museum gallery national library australia. |
List of people from New Orleans | academia w. alexander first president dillard university head commission interracial cooperationstephen ambrose historian university new orleans professorwilliam balée anthropologist tulane university professorcharles c. bass physician researcher tropical medicine dental healthelizabeth bass physician educator suffragiststanhope baynejones physician member us surgeon generals committee linking smoking cancerjoan w. bennett biologist former tulane university professorcyril y. bowers physician endocrinology researcherrick brewer president louisiana college since born new orleans douglas brinkley historian author former university new orleans tulane university professorbrené brown professor social work authorgeorge e. burch pioneering physician cardiovascular disease researcher medical school professorjohn r. conniff educator university administratorscott cowen president tulane universitymichael debakey pioneer heart surgeryalbert w. dent president dillard university chief executive flintgoodridge hospitalhenry c. dethloff american historianjames h. dillard educator advocate education africanamericansjohn duffy medical historianmichael t. dugan educator accounting scholarjoseph ewan botanist biology professoralcée fortier folklorist historian university professormary l. good scientist university professorclifton h. johnson historian founder amistad research centereamon kelly president tulane universitysalman khan educatorjames a. knight psychiatrist theologian medical ethicistrudolph matas innovative surgeon tulane medical schoolgordon h. mueller historian administrator university new orleansalton ochsner surgeon medical researcher founded ochsner medical centermax rafferty public school administrator writered renwick political scientist television commentatorandrew v. schally endocrinologist nobel laureatemary s. sherman cancer researcher physicianroyal d. suttkus biologist founder major ichthyology collectionlewis thomas physician researcher author popular nonfictionjeffrey vitter computer scientist purdue university deanharold e. vokes zoologist paleontologist architecture james freret architect designed many th century homes new orleanswilliam alfred freret architect supervising architect federal building th centuryjames gallier jr. architect designed french opera house new orleansmoise h. goldstein sr. architect extensive designs early th centuryhenry howard th century irishamerican architectalbert c. ledner th century architectemile weil th century architectleon c. weiss architect commissioned huey p. longelizebeth thomas werlein conservationist french quarter new orleans arts literature enrique alferez sculptorjohn james audubon painter ornithologist naturalistvernel bagneris playwright actor director singer dancere.j. bellocq photographereloise bibb thompson poet fiction writer playwrightskip bolen photographerroark bradford fiction writerpoppy z. brite writerwilliam s. burroughs writergeorge washington cable writergeorgine campbell paintertruman capote writerjohn churchill chase writer cartoonistkate chopin writer feministben claassen iii illustrator comics artist dirtfarmandrei codrescu poet commentatorflorestine perrault collins photographeralice dalsheimer poetedgar degas artistthomas dent poet writergeorge washington dixon newspaper editoralexander john drysdale artistgeorge dureau artist photographerwilliam faulkner writerdaniel f. galouye science fiction writerwhitney gaskell writer attended tulane law school setting novel testing katerolland golden artistshirley ann grau writerlafcadio hearn writerknute heldner artistlillian hellman writergeorge herriman krazy kat cartoonistemma churchman hewitt writer journalistmay hyman lesser medical illustratorwalter isaacson writer journalist public policy analystfrances parkinson keyes writergrace king writerdominique lapierre writerelmore leonard authormichael lewis writershantrelle p. lewis curatorbunny matthews cartoonistlouisalphonse maureau painterrobert bledsoe mayfield artistjohn mccrady artistjames michalopoulos artistmarie madeleine seebold molinary artistsergio rossetti morosini painter sculptor filmmaker naturalistalice dunbar nelson poet journalist political activistisadora newman artist poet storyteller sculptordavid ohle writerpaul e. poincy artistmatthew randazzo v writeranne rice writer vampire tales gothic fictionjohn t. scott artist sculptorkendall shaw abstract expressionist painterjohn kennedy toole writer confederacy duncesalexandrea weis authorlucille western actresswilliam woodward painter business economics frank abadie businessman horse race promoter.micaela almonester thcentury businesswoman real estate developergeorge bissell entrepreneur founded first oil company united statesisaac delgado businessman philanthropist benefactor delgado community collegeconstant c. dejoie sr. business leaderwilliam c. edenborn railroad magnate industrialist inventorcharles e. fenner businessperson cofounder fenner beane forerunner merrill lynchruth fertel businesswoman ruths chris steakhouseavram glazer businessman sports franchise ownerleon godchaux businessman sugar merchantdaniel henry holmes thcentury businessmanvictor kiam entrepreneurthomy lafon businessman human rights activistjohn mcdonogh – shipping land speculation worlds largest private landholder ca.philanthropist namesake many new orleans schoolsalexander milne thcentury businessman entrepreneuroliver pollock merchant financier american revolutionary warbenjamin m. rosen computer entrepreneurjohn g. schwegmann supermarket innovatorclay shaw businessmanedgar b. stern sr businessperson philanthropistpatrick f. taylor businessperson philanthropistjudah touro businessman philanthropistmartin de villamil martin villamil – businessmandavid voelker businessman philanthropistphilip p. werlein music publisher retailersamuel zemurray businessman philanthropist cuisine owen brennan restaurateurleah chase chefal copeland restaurateur popeyes chicken biscuits copelands restaurantsruth fertel restaurateur ruths chris steak housebeulah levy ledner pastry chefaustin leslie chef crime axeman new orleans mysterious mass murderersylvestro carolla mafia bosswilson chouest serial rapist killer two women californiaantoinette frank former new orleans police officerivory harris drug trafficker weapons traffickerjean lafitte pirate brother pierre lafittepierre lafitte pirate brother jean lafittedelphine lalaurie socialite sadistcarlos marcello businessman mafia bosslee harvey oswald assassinronald a. williams ii murdered new orleans police officer fictional mr. bingle snowman assisted santa claus worked maison blanche department storebenjamin button man born old grows young film loosely adapted f. scott fitzgerald short storylouis de pointe du lac vampire appearing anne rices vampire chroniclesignatius j. reilly hero john kennedy tooles novel confederacy dunces seymore d. fair louisiana world exposition mascot celebrity cartoon character advocate animal people planet welfaregambit marvel comics superhero xmenmarcel gerard vampire appearing julie plecs originalshazel levesque previous residence moving first death appearing heroes olympus rick riordanmorgus magnificent mad scientist horror movie hostdwayne cassius king pride ncis supervisory agent ncis new orleansbenjamin sisko starfleet captain star trek deep space nine film television bryan batt actorsandra bullock actress residentkitty carlisle entertainerpaul carr actorjohn carroll actor singerlaura cayouette actor authorpatricia clarkson actormarshall colt psychologist former actorfrank joseph davis television journalist cookbook authorellen degeneres comedian talk show hostvance degeneres actor screenwriter musician bassraquel rocsi diaz television host personality bets parkfaith domergue actressdonna douglas actress ellie mae beverly hillbilliesallison harvard runnerup twelfth cycle americas next top modeldwight henry actorgloria henry actress born new orleans cheryl holdridge actress mouseketeerindigo actresseddie jemison actorbayn johnson former child actress singerleatrice joy actressdorothy lamour actressjohn larroquette actorsabrina lebeauf actressanthony mackie actorevan mather directortristin mays actressadah isaacs menken actresstaylor miller actressgarrett morris comedian snl actored nelson actorarthel neville journalistchris owens burlesque performer entrepreneurpauley perrette actresstyler perry actor directorwendell pierce actor detective bunk moreland wiregodfrey reggio experimental filmmakerdocumentarian qatsi trilogyal shea actor theatre criticharry shearer actor voice actor comedian writer musician radio host director producer best known voicing various characters simpsonsneferteri shepherd model actresssydney shields stage actressrichard simmons entertainerharold sylvester film actorjay thomas actorsam trammell actor best known role sam merlotte true bloodben turpin silent film comedianray walston actorcarl weathers actor football playerwalter williams creator mr. billtommy wiseau actor directorcora witherspoon actressreese witherspoon actressgrace zabriskie actressbianca del rio drag queen comedian best known winning sixth season rupauls drag race journalism jim amoss journalist newspaper editordavid bernard television meteorologistjames carville democratic party political consultant punditbuddy diliberto sports journalistdorothy dix journalistchristopher drew investigative reportercharles l. pie dufour newspaper columnist historianhap glaudi television sportscastervictor gold journalist political consultant reared new orleansbryant gumbel television anchorgreg gumbel television sportscasterira b. harkey jr. newspaper journalist civil rights advocatejim henderson television sportscasteriris kelso journalist three new orleans newspapers wdsu television commentatorhoda kotb television anchormel leavitt television journalist historianangus lind newspaper journalistwayne mack television sportscasterjohn maginnis journalist political commentator author last hayride cross bear politics reformora mae lewis martin journalistmary matalin republican party political consultantbill monroe nbc television journalistarthel neville television anchorcokie roberts abc television journalist commentator national public radionash roberts television meteorologistgarland robinette investigative journalistlyle saxon journalisthoward k. smith television anchormanronnie virgets writer broadcast journalist law politics military bryan adams former member louisiana house representatives jefferson parish since born new orleans.reverend avery alexander civil rights leader state legislatorandres almonaster rojas spanish civil servant colonial new orleans also philanthropistjeff arnold former member louisiana house algiers section –john b. babcock medal honor recipientalgernon sidney badger government official reconstructionamy coney barrett u.s. supreme court justice academicp.g.t.beauregard confederate general inventorclyde f. bel jr. businessman state representative orleans parish – –judah p. benjamin u.s. senator confederate attorney general secretary war secretary statedavid h. berger commandant united states marine corpshale boggs former u.s. representativelindy boggs former u.s. representative retired u.s. ambassador vaticanthomas hale boggs jr. lawyerlobbyist washington d.c. born new orleans son hale lindy boggs brother cokie roberts barbara boggs sigmundjoseph bouie jr. democratic member louisiana house representatives district orleans parish since retired faculty member administrator southern university new orleansstephen bradberry community organizer robert f. kennedy human rights award laureatejuan davis bradburn freedom fighter mexico officer battle new orleanshenry braden politicianelward thomas brady jr. state representative terrebonne parish – born new orleansdonna brazile political strategistjared brossett member new orleans city council since state representative district –j.marshall brown insurance agent politicianbenjamin f. butler administrator unionoccupied new orleans civil warjohn a. butler u.s. marine corps officer navy cross recipientpascal f. calogero jr. chief justice louisiana supreme courtgary carter jr. member louisiana house algiers neighborhood effective james carville political consultant political science professorharry connick sr. district attorney father singer harry connick jr.a.g. |
List of people from New Orleans | crowe politicianmilton joseph cunningham attorney state legislator state attorney general three nonconsecutive terms ending bernard de marigny politician land developerétienne de boré first mayor new orleans u.s. administrationjean noel destréhan early creole politician plantation ownerdavid duke state representative metairie – white nationalisth.garland dupré attorney politician speaker louisiana house – u.s. representative louisianas nd congressional district –frank burton ellis attorney politician federal judgealbert estopinal former u.s. representative member houses louisiana state legislatureolaf fink member louisiana state senate – new orleans educatorc.b.forgotston attorney political activist state government watchdoghenry l. fuqua governor defeated huey long electionrandal gaines state representative since st. charles st. john baptist parishes former assistant city attorney new orleansgerald j. gallinghouse u.s. attorney united states district court eastern district louisiana – known prosecuting corruption governmentjim garrison district attorney orleans parishrobert t. garrity jr. attorney former state representative jefferson parishcharles gayarré state legislator noted histories louisiananewt gingrich u.s. congressman georgia speaker u.s. house representativesnicholas girod early mayor new orleansjohn grenier birmingham lawyer alabama republican party figure born new orleans f. edward hebert democrat u.s. representative louisianas st congressional district –cynthia hedgemorrell former member new orleans city council district –frederick jacob reagan heebe former judge united states district court eastern district louisianadavid heitmeier state senator district since optometristfrancis c. heitmeier state senator district – businessman lobbyistdavid hennessy police chief assassinated clay higgins republican member united states house representatives louisianas rd congressional district born new orleans stephanie hilferty republican state representative orleans jefferson parishes effective january walker hines former state representativejean joseph amable humbert army general subordinate andrew jackson battle new orleansbernette joshua johnson chief justice louisiana supreme court since associate justice – native resident new orleansjeannette knoll associate justice louisiana supreme court reared educated new orleans court meets resides marksvillemary landrieu state representative state treasurer u.s. senatormitch landrieu state representative lieutenant governor former mayor new orleansmoon landrieu judge politician mayor new orleanshank lauricella former professional football player state senator jefferson parish –bob livingston republican former u.s. representative st congressional districtlt.gen. james longstreet confederate generaljoseph mansion louisiana state legislator state tax assessorbessie margolin labor lawyerdanny martiny state senator jefferson parish born new orleansharold a. moise state representative th ward orleans civil court judge – associate justice louisiana supreme court –ernest nathan morial american political legal civil rights leadermarc morial former mayor son ernest nathan morialdelesseps story morrison former mayor ambassador organization american statesdelesseps morrison jr. late state representativewilliam mumford confederate resistor unionoccupied new orleans civil warray nagin former mayor new orleansmichael h. okeefe president louisiana state senate – convicted felonalejandro oreilly governor louisiana known bloody oreillyjames e. paxton district attorney louisiana th judicial district based st. joseph practiced law new orleans –leander perez district judge district attorney president plaquemines parish commission councilp.b.s.pinchback politicianloulan pitre jr. new orleans lawyer former state representative lafourche parishedward joseph price state representative district gonzales businessman former resident new orleanswilliam p. quigley activist attorney academicmax rafferty educator author columnist california politician born new orleans cokie roberts journalist daughter hale lindy boggssteve scalise house minority whip u.s. representative louisianas st districttom schedler former state senator st. tammany parish current louisiana secretary statepat screen louisiana state university quarterback lawyer former mayorpresident east baton rouge parishronal w. serpas superintendent new orleans police department since joseph a. shakspeare mayor new orleans time march lynchingseric skrmetta attorney metairie louisiana republican member louisiana public service commission district jefferson b. snyder lived new orleans – later district attorney three delta parishes northeast louisiana –james z. spearing attorney school board member u.s. representative louisianas nd congressional district –dorothy mae taylor first africanamerican woman serve louisiana house – member new orleans city council –charles laveau trudeau early th century mayor new orleansa.p. |
List of people from New Orleans | tureaud attorneyjorge ubico exiled president guatemalajosé de villamil josé villamil father independence ecuadordavid vitter u.s. senator –david voelker businessmanfrank voelker jr. lawyer politicianjohn volz late u.s. attorney eastern district louisianachatham roberdeau wheat leader louisiana tigers us civil waredward douglass white chief justice united states supreme courtjohn c. white louisiana education superintendent since superintendent recovery school district new orleans robert wilkie national security assistant presidentclint williamson u.s. ambassador white house policy official united nations envoyjohn minor wisdom judge united states court appeals fifth circuitandrew young politician math science invention ruth benerito inventor wrinklefree cottonalfred h. clifford mathematicianisaac cline meteorologist writerandrew higgins ship builder inventoremile lamm inventortheodore k. lawless dermatologist medical researcher philanthropistjean alexandre lemat inventorabraham louis levin physician inventor levin tubelevi spear parmley inventor dental flossmark plotkin ethnobotanistjohn leonard riddell inventor binocular microscopenorbert rilleaux inventor engineera.baldwin wood inventor engineer music august alsina singersongwriterphil anselmo musicianlouis armstrong musician entertainerb.g.rapperbaby boy da prince rapperachille baquet musiciangeorge baquet musicianpaul barbarin musician composerpat barberot band leaderdave bartholomew musician composer promoterjon batiste singer composer pianist jazz musiciansidney bechet musicianbetter ezra rock groupbirdman aka baby rapper producerbig freedia bounce artistterence blanchard musician composerpeter bocage jazz trumpeter violinistbuddy bolden musician early jazz figuresharkey bonano jazz musicianjames booker musicianlarry borenstein founder preservation hallconnee boswell singer member boswell sisters singing grouphelvetia vet boswell singer member boswell sisters singing groupmartha boswell singer member boswell sisters singing groupjimmy bower guitarist drummerpud brown jazz musiciangeorge brunis jazz trombonistcollie buddz reggaedancehall artistcmurder rappercane hill numetal grouppaul caporino songwriter musician lead singer m.o.t.o.alton big al carson blues singeralex chilton songwriter guitarist music producer lead singer box tops big starchoppa rappermerry clayton singerjon cleary funk rb musicianlee collins jazz trumpeterharry connick jr. musician entertainercowboy mouth bandbarry cowsill musicianpaul crawford jazz musician music historiancurreny rapperedmond dede musician composerfernando del valle operatic tenordj khaled djdr.john musicianjohnny dodds jazz clarinetist saxophonistfats domino musicianlee dorsey singerdown metal bandtom drummond bassist better ezrachampion jack dupree pianist singerfrankie dusen jazz trombonisternie kdoe singer emperor universelars edegran bandleaderlionel ferbos jazz musicianfrankie ford singer entertainerpops foster jazz musicianvernel fournier jazz drummerpete fountain musician clarinet player jazz pop swingmannie fresh dj producer rapperfrank froeba musician jazz pianist band leaderthe funky meters musicians singerskevin gates rappergeorge girard musicianvictor goines jazz musician dean jazz juilliard schoollouis moreau gottschalk pianist composerkevin griffin musician lead singer better ezragudda gudda rapperdonald harrison musicianclarence frogman henry singer musicianal hirt musician trumpet jazz pop swingmoses hogan musician composerlinda hopkins blues gospel singernoah howard jazz musicianarmand jump jackson blues drummer bandleadermahalia jackson gospel singerpervis jackson rhythm blues singerluke james rb singer actorjay electronica rapper producern.o.joe music producer musicianlittle sonny jones blues singerjuvenile rapperfreddie keppard jazz cornetistkid ory musiciankidd kidd rapperearl king musiciansolange knowles musician songwriterpapa jack laine bandleadernick larocca early jazz figuremeghan linsey singersongwriter contestant voice season lil fizz singer rapperlil romeo rapperlil wayne rapperlloyd singerrico love singersongwritermac rappermagic rappermagnolia shorty new orleans bounce artistmack maine rapperdave malone songwriter guitarist music producer guitarist vocalist new orleans radiatorsmannie fresh rapper producer disc jockeywingy manone jazz trumpeter singerangélica maría mexican singersongwriter entertainer la novia de mexicopaul mares jazz musicianbranford marsalis musician alto soprano tenor baritone saxophonesellis marsalis jr. musician educator pianoellis marsalis sr. music patron businessman advocatejason marsalis musician drums vibraphonewynton marsalis musician trumpet cornet flumpet flugelhornmaster p rapper businessman mogulcosimo matassa music studio entrepreneurjimmy maxwell bandleaderirvin mayfield musicianthe medicine men producers singers mo b. dick odell rappers klc mo b. dickthe meters musicians singerslizzie miles singermr. |
NHS Scotland | quintron organistdeacon john moore musician bandleaderjelly roll morton musician composer early jazz figureteedra moses rb soul singersongwritermutemath bandmystick krewe clearlightmystikal rapperthe neville brothers musicians singersivan neville phunk rbrandy newman musiciannormani born normani kordei hamilton singerfrank ocean singerjoe king oliver musicianlisette oropesa opera singer sopranojimmy palao musician bandleaderearl palmer musicianrobert parker musician singerpartnersncrime rap duonicholas payton musicianmarguerite piazza operatic sopranopiggy d. bassistgeorge porter jr. musicianlouis prima musician trumpet singer bandleader entertainer aka king swingprofessor longhair born henry byrd pianist singerthe radiators rock bandmac rebennack dr. johnrebirth brass band bandtrent reznor musician producerdawn richard former member danity kane diddydirty moneyrising appalachia world folk roots soul groupjason ross seven mary three frontmankermit ruffins jazz trumpeter singer composerbill russell music historian composerpaul sanchez singersongwriter guitaristsilkk shocker rapperbill sinegal bassist songwriterskull duggery rappersoulja slim rapperchloe smith singersongwriter multiinstrumentalistleah song singersongwriter multiinstrumentaliststooges brass band new orleans funk brass banduicideboyrap duobabe stovall blues singer guitarist mr. bojanglessupagroup rock bandirma thomas rhythm blues singer aka soul queen new orleansallen toussaint musician composer record producernorman treigle opera singertrombone shorty born troy andrews musicianturk rappergeorge wein founder new orleans jazz heritage festivalcharles hungry williams rhythm blues drummerlarry williams rock n rollrb pianistscarface john williams singerspencer williams songwriteryoung v rapperlinnzi zaorskizebra band religion antonio de sedella early roman catholic leader new orleanshenriette delille founder order sisters holy familyjesse duplantis televangelistj.d. grey pastor former president southern baptist conventionmariemadeleine hachard ursuline abbess documented early history new orleansphilip hannan former archbishop new orleansfrancis l. hawks clergyman first president tulane universityjerome ledoux roman catholic priestjoseph francis rummel former archbishop new orleansfrancis xavier seelos missionary ministered victims yellow fever epidemicsjohn william shaw former archbishop new orleans sports ashley ambrose nfl player atlanta falcons new orleans saints graduated alcee fortier high schoolnehemiah atkinson professional tennis player coachd.j.augustin nba playertom benson owner new orleans saintsarmand blackmar nineteenth century chess player music publisherdelvin breaux gridiron football playerstanley brundy born basketball playercethan carter football playerwill clark former major league baseball star infieldertazzie colomb ifbb professional female bodybuilder powerlifterricky starks elite wrestling ftw heavyweight champion.ernie danjean former green bay packers linebackerorleans darkwa professional football playertom dempsey former nfl kicker held longest field goal record yearsdavid dixon professional sports advocate new orleans saints louisiana superdome usfl world championship tennisscott dohmann former mlb pitchercorey dowden former nfl defensive backclyde drexler former university houston nba star member basketball hall famebobby duhon professional football playermarshall faulk professional football star st. louis rams member pro football hall famesteve foley former defensive back denver broncosmatt forte running back chicago bears new york jetsjohn fourcade former nfl cfl quarterback sports analystdeaaron fox point guard sacramento kingsnolan franz former green bay packers wide receiverharry p. gamble football player swimmer gymnast boxer attorneyeddie garcia former green bay packers placekickerlarry gilbert major league baseball playertookie gilbert major league baseball playertad gormley athletic trainer coach officialdanny granger forward nbas indiana pacers miami heatadrian hardy nfl playerchris henry former nfl wide receiverchris horton safety washington redskinskevin hughes former nfl offensive tackletory james former cornerback cincinnati bengalsavery johnson former national basketball association player former coach dallas mavericksjunkyard dog stage name sylvester ritter former professional wrestlerrobert kelley washington redskins running backshaun king former nfl quarterbackkerry kittles former nba player new jersey netsdominik koepfer professional tennis playerlester lautenschlaeger football player politician first director new orleans recreation departmentkendrick lewis nfl free safety played kansas city chiefs baltimore ravens attended ole missmichael lewis former new orleans saints wide receiverrydell malancon former nfl linebackerarchie manning former new orleans saints quarterback father peyton elieli manning new york giants quarterbackpeyton manning former indianapolis colts denver broncos quarterbackpete maravich basketball hall famer played lsu nbas new orleans jazzsammy martin former new england patriots running backtyrann mathieu player nfls kansas city chiefsbo mccalebb macedonian basketball player plays montepaschi sienamax mcgee nfl player five championship teamssylvester mcgrew former green bay packers defensive endgreg monroe college basketball player georgetown universitypaul morphy world chess championpatrick mullins professional soccer playersteve mura retired pitcher major league baseballeddie murray prolific nfl placekickerantonio narcisse football playermel ott major league baseball hall famermicah owings mlb pitcherrobert pack nba player assistant coach new orleans pelicansemmett paré professional tennis player coachjoe pasternack head basketball coach uc santa barbaraaudrey patterson first africanamerican woman win olympic medalchris quinn former nba player current miami heat assistant coacheldridge recasner former nba playerham richardson professional tennis playeralana shipp americanisraeli ifbb professional bodybuildernate singleton former wide receiver san francisco ersneil smith former defensive end kansas city chiefstruett smith former football playerrusty staub major league baseball playerkordell stewart former nfl quarterbackpatrick surtain former nfl cornerbackron swoboda former new york mets outfielderike taylor cornerback pittsburgh steelersroosevelt taylor safety nfl champion chicago bearstaryn terrell professional wrestler total nonstop action wrestlingmike wallace wide receiver pittsburgh steelersbryce washington born basketball player hapoel galil elyon israeli basketball premier leagueron washington longtime manager mlbs texas rangersreggie wayne wide receiver indianapolis coltsaeneas williams former cornerback st. louis ramsjason williams born basketball player hapoel beer sheva national basketball league israeljohn hot rod williams longtime professional basketball playerkorey williams canadian football league player ruby bridges commemorated role child racial integration new orleans public school systembetty degeneres lgbt rights activistcaroline dormon horticulturalist historiandavid ferrie pilot investigated assassination president kennedymyra clark gaines socialite subject longest lawsuit us historyjean margaret gordon suffragettekate m. gordon suffragettemargaret haughery philanthropistmarie alice heine first american princess monacosir lady java drag queen actress transgender rights activistblaine kern mardi gras float designer buildertj kirk youtubermarie laveau voodoo queensara t. mayo physician humanitarian reformereleanor mcmain civic activistsally miller lost german slave girlallison tootie montana mardi gras indian chief chiefspaul morphy unofficial world chess championhomer plessy early civil rights activistedith rosenwald stern philanthropistpaul tulane benefactor tulane universitysylvanie williams educator womens club activistsophie b. wright educator clubwoman see also list people louisianalist loyola university new orleans peoplelist tulane university people referencesoperates fourteen territorial nhs boards across scotland seven special nongeographic health boards nhs health scotland.at founding national health service united kingdom three separate institutions created scotland england wales northern ireland.nhs scotland accountable secretary state scotland rather secretary state health england wales.prior publicly funded healthcare system highlands islands medical service established scotland recognising geographical demographic challenges delivering healthcare region.following scottish devolution health social care policy funding became devolved scottish parliament.currently administered health social care directorates scottish government.the current cabinet secretary health social care humza yousaf head staff directorgeneral health social care chief executive nhs scotland caroline lamb.budget nhs scotland operating budget £. |
NHS Scotland | billion .health social care devolved issues united kingdom separate public healthcare bodies scotland england wales commonly referred national health service.nhs scotland created administratively separate organisation ministerial oversight scottish office politically devolved .separation powers financing always apparent general public due coordination cooperation crossborder emergency care involved.workforce approximately staff work across regional nhs boards seven special nhs boards one public health body healthcare staff engaged independent contractor arrangements.descriptions staff numbers expressed headcount wholetime equivalent wte estimate helps take account full parttime work patterns.scotlands healthcare workforce includesaround nurses midwives health visitors providing around wteover consultants providing around wtemore general practitioners providing around wtemore nurse practitioners registered nurses working gp surgeries.dentistsaround pharmacists mostly working community pharmacy positions around retail pharmacies across scotland.opticiansallied health professionalsadministrators clerical domestic staff. |
NHS Scotland | origins history prior creation nhs scotland state involved provision healthcare though universal.half scotlands landmass already covered highlands islands medical service statefunded health system run directly edinburgh set years earlier address deficiency panel system required workers earned less £ per year pay per week.fourpence per week beyond means crofters time subsistence farmers often provided many troops british armed forces.average crofting families income areas could low £ per annum per week even lower.additional challenges delivering medical care sparsely populated highlands islands poor infrastructure also funded highlands islands medical service.during second world war emergency hospital service scotland built many hospitals intended treat wartime casualties injuries. |
NHS Scotland | hospitals initially lay idle scottish secretary time decided use hospital capacity reduce long waiting lists treatment.scotland also distinctive medical tradition centred medical schools rather private practice detailed plan future health provision based cathcart report.development national health service following publication beveridge report uk government responded white paper national health service cmd.led conservative mp minister health henry willink.introduction white paper laid governments intention new health service operate scotlandthe decision establish new service applies course scotland well england wales present paper concerned countries.differing circumstances scotland bound involve certain differences method organisation although scope object ... throughout paper references minister normally construed references minister health case england wales secretary state scotland case scotland. |
NHS Scotland | founding nhs scotland uk parliament passed national health service scotland act came effect july .foundational legislation since superseded.this act provided uniform national structure services previously provided combination highlands islands medical service local government charities private organisations general free emergency use.new system funded central taxation generally involve charge time use services concerned existing medical conditions vaccinations carried matter general public health requirements prescription charges later introduction .structure current provision healthcare responsibility fourteen geographically based local nhs boards seven national special health boards many small contractors primary care services.hospitals district nursing services healthcare planning managed health boards. |
NHS Scotland | government policy use national waiting times centre address waiting lists limit use private sector.primary care access nhs services patients register general practice.often independent contractor agreed provide general medical services patients funded capitation basis weighting given age distribution poverty rurality.various services provided free charge general practitioners gps responsible maintaining comprehensive medical record usually affording continuity care.option selfrefer specialists scotland unlike many european countries. |
NHS Scotland | gp surgeries consist partner gps responsible running practice may include gps employed practice paid salary responsibility running surgery.instances gps directly employed local health board parts highlands islands.the nhs scotland also covers dentistry patients registered dentist agreed provide services nhs patients.dentists scotland mixture nhs patients private patients.checkups free however dentists charge patients regulated fee.patients scotland must pay total cost treatment unless qualify free treatment help costs. |
NHS Scotland | dentists remunerated voucher towards treatment patients choose expensive treatments willing able so.mostly commonly seen dental amalgam restorations molars available nhs whereas composite resin restorations not.patient optsout nhs treatment pays composite restoration temporary private patient remains nhs patient future checkups.community pharmacies scotland also provide prescribed medicines free charge patient registered gp surgery based scotland appropriate prescriptionvoucher given.like gps private providers deliver nhs services contract.pharmacists increasingly delivering services responsibilities gps flu vaccinations well offering advice skin problems gastrointestinal problems minor illnesses. |
NHS Scotland | pharmacies scotland frequently located inside chemists shops supermarkets.prescription charges scotland prescriptionvouchers ordinarily given scotland certain medicines acetominophen ibuprofen available without prescription low prices chemists supermarkets.most optometrists scotland also provide nhs services provide eye examinations includes retinal health checks eye screening services addition sight tests.entitlements mainly corrective lenses predetermined set frames known nhs glasses attracted social stigma range frames extended.secondary care hospital services delivered directly national health service scotland.since devolution scottish healthcare policy move away marketbased solutions towards direct delivery rather using private voluntary sectors. |
NHS Scotland | proposals establishment fifteen nhs boards announced scottish executive health department december .details role function unified nhs health boards provided may .october geographical health board area single nhs board responsible improving health health services across local area replacing previous decisionmaking structures separate boards trusts.in april scotlands health care system became integrated service management nhs boards.local authority nominees added board membership improve coordination health social care.remaining trusts dissolved april . |
NHS Scotland | hospitals managed acute division nhs board.primary care services gps pharmacies would continue contracted nhs board considered part remit community health partnerships chps structures based largely local authority boundaries including local authority membership boards.april new joint working arrangements place nhs boards local authorities came effect also included responsibility social care.new organisations took chps called health social care partnerships hscps.in new national centre sustainable delivery established bring together national programmes scheduled unscheduled care waiting times best practice – ensure health boards implementing them.regional health boards nhs argyll clyde longer operates. |
NHS Scotland | responsibilities shared nhs highland nhs greater glasgow april latter renamed nhs greater glasgow clyde.part nhs argyll clyde area transferred nhs highland corresponds argyll bute council area.elections nonexecutive positions health boards january scottish government announced plans legislation bring direct elections way select people nonexecutive positions health boards.health committee scottish parliament supported plans directly elected members way might improve public representation.plan abandoned trials fife dumfries galloway resulted low voter turnout. |
NHS Scotland | special health boards local health boards supported number national special health boards providing national services publicised subdivisions includingpublic health scotland public health including national health protection health education april healthcare improvement scotlandscottish ambulance service single public emergency ambulance service scotlandthe golden jubilee national hospital special nhs board scotland purpose reducing waiting times using single modern hospital located clydebank.previously private sector hospital built cost £ million bought scottish executive £.million failed produce profit despite established help subsidy provided previous government.the state hospitals board scotland responsible secure psychiatric hospital carstairs provides high security services mentally disordered offenders others pose high risk others.nhs runs telephone advice triage service cover hours period recently also providing national telehealth service.nhs education scotland training elibrarynhs national services scotland common name common services agency csa providing services nhs scotland boards.nhs health scotland health protection scotland information services division succeeded public health scotland april .new agency collaborative approach scottish government cosla result public health reform programme.links nhs england nhs scotland services provided nhs england nhs business services authority processes payment dental optical pharmacy vouchers negotiates pharmaceutical suppliers negotiate prices peritem down. |
NHS Scotland | costs medicines consumed borne health board patients gp surgery based in.complex low volume highlyspecialist hospital services also provided nhs trusts england hospital tropical diseases london.trusts also treat patients healthcare systems outside uk.representative bodies mental welfare commission scotland independent statutory body protects people psychological disorder able look interests.funded scottish government health social care directorate follows financial framework nhs scotland.the scottish health council took local health councils march . |
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