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Paragon Software Group
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smart handheld device division shdd offers multilingual dictionaries multilingual handwriting recognition weather information twoway data synchronization desktop devices.overview company headquartered freiburg im breisgau germany offices us china japan poland russia.the company established group moscow institute physics technology mipt students including founderceo konstantin komarov.separate mobile division called mobility division formed .german office opened swiss office .history company started working fujitsusiemens handheld pcs russian localization.
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Paragon Software Group
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next year company expanded product line office gaming applications symbian os received developer year award handango champion awards .in pcmag recognized companys flagship paragon hard disk manager best hard drive management program.paragon software group also global telecoms business innovation award mobile product.products paragon software group serving two marketsdata security storage management – disaster recovery server optimization.software smartphones – multilingual online handwriting recognition localization business productivity applications games multilingual dictionaries encyclopedias.data security storage management paragon hard disk manager including tool named partition manager resizing partitions.paragon file system link proprietary software smartphones slovoed slovoed dictionary phrasebook app available world languages.it incorporates electronic dictionaries encyclopedias phrase books developed conjunction duden langenscheidt oxford ponsklett le robert vox publishing houses.penreader penreader realtime handwriting recognition technology touchscreens support languages.
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Paragon Software Group
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technology used number prominent ios android applications evernote handwriting dato handwrite note free myscript calculator.macworld review penreader headlined disappointing added comes handwriting recognition penreader isnt particularly accurate intuitive easy use.distribution channels paragon distributes online company website network valueadded resellers distributors oems.the global partnerships paragon software group include asus avast belkin dlink hp intel microsoft netgear nvidia realtek seagate siemens technicolor telechips western digital wyplay.competitors alternative offerings include acronis vcomsystem commander symantecpowerquestpartitionmagic.a list alternatives article eight others iperius backup novastar datacenter todo backup macrium reflect minitool partition wizard daemon tools clonezilla.see also ptsdos ptsphystechsoft p also hint paragon references
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Paragon Software Group
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smart handheld device division shdd offers multilingual dictionaries multilingual handwriting recognition weather information twoway data synchronization desktop devices.overview company headquartered freiburg im breisgau germany offices us china japan poland russia.the company established group moscow institute physics technology mipt students including founderceo konstantin komarov.separate mobile division called mobility division formed .german office opened swiss office .history company started working fujitsusiemens handheld pcs russian localization.
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Paragon Software Group
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next year company expanded product line office gaming applications symbian os received developer year award handango champion awards .in pcmag recognized companys flagship paragon hard disk manager best hard drive management program.paragon software group also global telecoms business innovation award mobile product.products paragon software group serving two marketsdata security storage management – disaster recovery server optimization.software smartphones – multilingual online handwriting recognition localization business productivity applications games multilingual dictionaries encyclopedias.data security storage management paragon hard disk manager including tool named partition manager resizing partitions.paragon file system link proprietary software smartphones slovoed slovoed dictionary phrasebook app available world languages.it incorporates electronic dictionaries encyclopedias phrase books developed conjunction duden langenscheidt oxford ponsklett le robert vox publishing houses.penreader penreader realtime handwriting recognition technology touchscreens support languages.
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Paragon Software Group
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technology used number prominent ios android applications evernote handwriting dato handwrite note free myscript calculator.macworld review penreader headlined disappointing added comes handwriting recognition penreader isnt particularly accurate intuitive easy use.distribution channels paragon distributes online company website network valueadded resellers distributors oems.the global partnerships paragon software group include asus avast belkin dlink hp intel microsoft netgear nvidia realtek seagate siemens technicolor telechips western digital wyplay.competitors alternative offerings include acronis vcomsystem commander symantecpowerquestpartitionmagic.a list alternatives article eight others iperius backup novastar datacenter todo backup macrium reflect minitool partition wizard daemon tools clonezilla.see also ptsdos ptsphystechsoft p also hint paragon references
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Edit conflict
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description conflict occurs editor gets copy shared document file changes copy attempts save changes original file altered another editor copy obtained.resolution simplest way resolve edit conflict ignore intervening edits overwrite current file.may lead substantial loss information alternative methods often employed resolve prevent conflicts.manual resolution editor determines version retain may manually incorporate edits current version file.store backup data backup copy computer data taken stored elsewhere may used restore original data loss event file comparisons edit backups changes file original overwritten.backups used recover data loss data deletion corruption recover data earlier time.backups provide simple form disaster recovery however backup systems able reconstitute computer system complex configuration computer cluster active directory server database server.
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Edit conflict
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backup system contains least one copy data considered worth saving.data storage requirements large.information repository model may used provide structure storage.different types data storage devices used copying backups data already secondary storage onto archive .also different ways devices arranged provide geographic dispersion data security portability.
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Edit conflict
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data selected extracted manipulated storage.process include methods dealing live data including open files well compression encryption deduplication.additional techniques apply enterprise clientserver backup.backup schemes may include dry runs validate reliability data backed up.limitations human factors involved backup scheme.file locking limits file one editor time prevent edit conflicts.
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Edit conflict
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file locking mechanism restricts access computer file region file allowing one user process modify delete specific time prevent reading file modified deleted.systems implement locking prevent classic interceding update scenario typical example race condition enforcing serialization update processes given file.following example illustrates interceding update problem process reads customer record file containing account information including customers account balance phone number.process b reads record file copy.process changes account balance copy customer record writes record back file.process b still original stale value account balance copy customer record updates account balance writes customer record back file.
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Edit conflict
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process b written stale accountbalance value file causing changes made process lost.most operating systems support concept record locking means individual records within given file may locked thereby increasing number concurrent update processes.database maintenance uses file locking whereby serialize access entire physical file underlying database.although prevent process accessing file efficient individually locking many regions file removing overhead acquiring releasing lock.poor use file locks like computer lock result poor performance deadlocks.file locking may also refer additional security applied computer user either using windows security ntfs permissions installing third party file locking software.computer writer gary b. shelly notes many wiki systems block contributor attempting edit page able contributor currently editing page saves changes remains idle page extended period time.merge determining edits unrelated parts file combining without user intervention.
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Edit conflict
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version control merging also called integration fundamental operation reconciles multiple changes made versioncontrolled collection files.often necessary file modified two independent branches subsequently merged.result single collection files contains sets changes.in cases merge performed automatically sufficient history information reconstruct changes changes conflict.cases person must decide exactly resulting files contain.many revision control software tools include merge capabilities.file comparisons.this article compares computer software tools used accomplishing comparisons files various types.
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Edit conflict
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file types addressed individual file comparison apps varies may include text symbols images audio video.category software tool often called file comparison diff tool effectively equivalent terms — term diff commonly associated unix diff utility.a typical rudimentary case comparison one file another.however also may include comparisons two populations files case comparing directories folders part file management.instance might detect problems corrupted backup versions collection files ... validate package files compliance standards publishing.note comparisons must made among file type.meaning text file cannot compared picture containing text unless optical character reader ocr process done first extract text.
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Edit conflict
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likewise text cannot compared spoken words unless spoken words first transcribed text.additionally text one language cannot compared text another unless one translated language other.a critical consideration two files compared must substantially similar thus radically different.even different revisions document — many changes due additions removals moving content — may make comparisons file changes difficult interpret.suggests frequent version saves critical document better facilitate file comparison.a diff file comparison tool vital time labor saving utility aids accomplishing tedious comparisons.thus vital part demanding comparison processes employed individuals academics legal arena forensics field professional endeavors — identify sometimes hard spot differences needed detecting.
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Edit conflict
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occurrences problem encountered heavily edited articles wikis frequency higher articles related current event person distributed data systems e.g.google sites revision control systems using file locking.well hightraffic pages.significant amount new text involved editor receives edit conflict error message cut paste new text word processor similar program editing paste text directly newer version target document.simple copyediting done directly newer version saved.
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Box (company)
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see also concurrent versions systemapache subversiongit software referencesdevelops markets cloudbased content management collaboration file sharing tools businesses.box founded aaron levie dylan smith.initially focused consumers around box pivoted focus business users.company raised million numerous funding rounds going public .software allows users store manage files online folder system accessible device.
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Box (company)
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users comment files share apply workflows implement security governance policies.history idea box.com started aaron levie business student university southern california.wrote paper school industry storing digital files online started developing box service .levie dropped school work box fulltime longtime friend cofounder dylan smith.initially software developed attic smiths parents house garage owned levies uncle converted living space.
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Box (company)
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levie smith joined cofounders jeff queisser sam ghods.founders relied money well support friends family members mark cuban invested seed funding .the box service released .first year release companys revenue tens thousands dollars.raised .million series funding million series b funding .
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Box (company)
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boxs revenues grew .company raised .million funding service four million users.box initially focused consumers many consumers used service work.box pivoted focus business users around .company developed features embed box common business applications use apis integrate them.
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Box (company)
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acquired increo solutions developed software previewing collaborating digital files.reworked version box service released technical improvements designed handling large numbers business users changes user interface collaboration features.company started developing first industryspecific features heavily regulated industries introduced tools hipaa compliance healthcare organizations.box also expanded internationally offices london berlin tokyo among locations.company raised million funding support data centers.followed additional million funding round next year million million .
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Box (company)
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box made five acquisitions.included acquisition crocodoc developed software opening documents online dloop focused analytics related digital files.company also purchased streem technology synchronizes files devices online files.box initial public offering new york stock exchange january .ipo price .. opened .closed .. ipo raised million established market capitalization .
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Box (company)
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billion.november box acquired medxt developed medical software .million.following february acquired cloud management service airpost.box moved headquarters current location redwood city california january .
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Box (company)
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july box acquired search engine company butter.ai.box acquired esignature startup signrequest million february .box accelerated development plans certain features response number people working home covid pandemic.announced new version improved integration videoconference software like zoom well feature called collections allows users customize personal folder structure.features box.com cloudbased content management system collaboration security analytics features related files information.core box service addons different industries situations.
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Box (company)
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box used manage share collaborate digital files.million users constituting .market software helps manage share collaborate digital files.box stores files online folder system accessed device internet connection.often copy files also stored users devices synchronized online version.users invite collaborators upload modify files user share specific files folders.
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Box (company)
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users also create certain files directly box.com add comments notes visible folder system.box began simple service storing sharing syncing files among different users devices developed time enterprise product features security compliance.files box encrypted using tls encryption.user access documents well corporate files department manages.staff also set access security policies get audit information like accessed files receive alerts suspicious downloads.boxs open apis allow integrate common business applications.
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Line (software)
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example one integration allows users save files box.com folders directly microsoft applications.company also provides consulting support services.box held first annual conference boxworks january initially name altitude.first conference drew attendees grew .see also comparison file hosting servicescomparison file synchronization softwarecomparison online backup services references external links official websiteqa interview box ceo cnetalso allows file collaboration commenting.norton zone accessible apps windows windows rt android mac ios platforms.norton zone uses encrypted replicated cloud storage provides clientside encryption.as leading antivirus provider via norton antivirus software symantec distinguishes norton zone competition automatically scanning files malware viruses.norton zone offered gb storage free larger storage allocations via subscription.on june symantec announced norton zone would discontinued august .referencesline users exchange texts images video audio conduct free voip conversations video conferences.addition line platform providing various services including digital wallet line pay news stream line today video demand line tv digital comic distribution line manga line webtoon.service operated line corporation tokyobased subsidiary softbank group seoulbased naver corporation.line launched japan june nhn japan subsidiary naver corporation.tailored japanese consumers tastes offered free smartphone calls well texting help massive marketing campaign quickly outpaced existing rival kakaotalk japanese market.reached million users within months million users six months later.
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Line (software)
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line became japans largest social network million users.february million users.in march softbank group affiliate yahoo japan operator z holdings completed merger line corporation.new structure holdings subsidiary softbank corporation naver corporation .z holdings operate line yahoo japan.line popular messaging application japan taiwan thailand.
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Line (software)
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history south korea home nhn japans parent company naver corporation naver launched messaging app called naver talk south korean market february .however rival korean company kakao firstmover advantage kakaotalk app launched march easily dominated korean market march .navernhn cofounder chairman lee haejin team engineers japan tōhoku earthquake tsunami struck march .navernhn japan ten years trying build japanese search portal business since nhns international ventures stagnated.earthquake tsunami left millions without power phone lines sms networks overwhelmed.since wifi g remained largely usable many people turned kakaotalk beginning gain foothold japan.
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Line (software)
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lee inspired launch messaging chat app wake disaster nhn japan team testing beta version app accessible smartphones tablet pc would work data network provide continuous free instant messaging calling service within two months.app launched line june .because navernhn far superior cultural knowledge japanese users wanted much larger corporate marketing budget line quickly surpassed kakaotalk japan.line also offers free voice calls since japan’s telecoms make customers pay smss smartphone calls feature kakaotalk major selling point.the app proved hugely popular late october line experienced unexpected server overload.improve scalability accommodate exponential rise new users nhn japan chose hbase primary storage user profiles contacts groups.december naver announced naver talk would merged line effective early .in july nhn japan announced new line features home timeline.
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Line (software)
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features allowed users share recent personal developments community contacts realtime similar status updates social networking services facebook.april navers japanese branch name changed nhn japan line corporation.line became japans largest social network end million registrants worldwide million users within japan.october line announced attracted million users worldwide million active user accounts.february announced million users mark passed million expected end year.line originally developed mobile application android ios smartphones.service since expanded blackberry os august nokia asha asia oceania march windows phone july firefox os february ios tablets october chrome browser application via chrome web store.
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Line (software)
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application also exists versions laptop desktop computers using microsoft windows macos platforms..in july line corporation held ipos new york stock exchange tokyo stock exchange.in late december line corporation delisted new york stock exchange tokyo stock exchange advance absorptiontype merger agreement z holdings.on march line corporation merged yahoo japan operated z holdings softbank group subsidiary.new structure naver corporation lines former parent company softbank corp. wireless carrier unit softbank group hold percent stakes new company named holdings corp. holds majority stake z holdings operates line yahoo japan.upon integrating two businesses creating platforms merged company aims compete u.s. tech giants google amazon facebook apple chinese tech giants baidu alibaba tencent well japanese ecommerce giant rakuten.merger also gives z holdings three additional asian markets line popular taiwan thailand indonesia.market share line began spring communication system nhn japan employees.
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Line (software)
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saw explosive growth released public june year.january line downloaded million times worldwide.number expanded million early july million july .june japan claimed million users thailand million.february indonesia million users taiwan million india spain million each.
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Line (software)
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nhn representatives announced plans reach million expansion east asia spain chile.april naver announced line reached million worldwide users grown million.features line application works multiple platforms access via multiple personal computers windows macos.application also give option address book syncing.application also feature add friends use qr codes line id shaking phones simultaneously.
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Line (software)
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application direct popout message box reading replying make easy users communicate.also share photos videos music users send current specific location voice audio emojis stickers emoticons friends.users see realtime confirmation messages sent received use hidden chat feature hide delete chat history involved devices line servers time set user.the application also makes free voice video calls.users also chat share media group creating joining groups people.chats also provide bulletin boards users post like comment.
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Line (software)
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application also timeline homepage features allow users post pictures text stickers homepages.users also change line theme theme line provides theme shop free users buy famous cartoon characters like.line also feature called snap movie users use record stopmotion video add provided background music.in january line taxi released tokyo competitor uber.line launched new android app called popcorn buzz june .app facilitates group calls members.
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Line (software)
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june new emoji keyboard also released ios devices provides linelike experience possibility add stickers.september new android launcher released play store helping company promote services new user interface.official channels line includes feature known official channels allows companies especially news media outlets publications mass media companies offer official channel users join thereby receive regular updates published articles news updates companies news outlets.stickers line features sticker shop users able purchase virtual stickers depicting original wellknown characters.stickers used chat sessions users act large emoji.
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Line (software)
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users purchase stickers gifts many stickers available free downloads depending country availability.purchased stickers attached account used platforms.new sticker sets released weekly.lines message stickers feature original characters well number popular manga anime gaming characters movie tieins characters disney properties pixar.sticker sets celebrate special events like summer olympics released limited time.the original default characters stickers known line friends created kang byeongmok also known mogi .there billion stickers sent worldwide users daily basis.
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Line (software)
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games nhn japan created line games .line application account install play games.players connect friends send accept items earn friend points.game range includes puzzles matchthree sidescroller musical performance simulation battle spotthedifference games.september line corporation announced games downloaded million times worldwide.on july line games acquired nextfloor corporation developers dragon flight destiny child.
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Line (software)
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january line games announced publisher hundred soul formerly known project hound .on december line games held media event called lpg line gamesplaygame introduce games .mobile games announced include exos heroes oozoo ravenix card master also oozoo dark summoners skeinglobe project pk rock square super string factorial games.project nm space dive also announced pc.games released mobile pc include project nl meerkat games uncharted waters origins line games koei tecmo.on jul nintendo released dr. mario world codeveloped line games.july first summoner developed skeinglobe released.
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Line (software)
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line pay line introduced line pay worldwide december .service allows users request send money users contact list make mobile payments store.service since expanded allow features offline wire transfers making purchases atm transactions like depositing withdrawing money.unlike line services line pay offered worldwide line app.line taxi line taxi launched january partnership nihon kotsu local taxi service japan.
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Line (software)
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like line pay line taxi offered separate app rather line app users request taxi automatically pay connect account line pay.line wow announced alongside line pay line taxi service allows users instantly access delivery services registered food products services.line today news hub integrated line app.line shopping referral program online shopping.customers get extra discount earn line points purchasing line shopping service.
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Line (software)
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line lite loweroverhead android app released emerging markets called line lite.supports messages calls themes timeline.it became available worldwide august .in january line announced discontinuation line lite taking effect th february .limitations line accounts accessed one mobile device running app version plus one personal computer running version those.additional mobile devices install app require different mobile numbers email addresses line account.if line lite android installed activated user told logged normal line.message make clear impossible log back normal line normal line delete history data next launched.
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Line (software)
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security august possible intercept line chat session network level using packet capture software reconstruct pc.messages sent clear text lines server cellular data encrypted using wifi time.until february also possible clone iphone backup use cloned iphone access line account used original iphone.loophole widely rumored never proven used intercept line messages popular japanese television personality becky married romantic partner enon kawatani intercepted messages published magazine shukan bunshun led temporary suspension beckys television career.in july line corporation turned endtoend encryption default line users.earlier available optin feature since october .app uses ecdh protocol clienttoclient encryption.
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Line (software)
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august line expanded endtoend encryption also encompass group chats voice calls video calls.in march japanese government announced would investigate line reports let chinese systemmaintenance engineers shanghai access japanese users data without informing beginning august .four chinese engineers shanghaibased affiliate line subcontracted develop ai accessed messages stored japanese computer system personal information line users name phone number email address line id.photos video footage posted japanese users also stored server south korea.line stated march since blocked access user data chinese affiliate would revise privacy policy make explicit.line used japanese government local governments notify residents developments dealing coronavirus pandemic.
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Line (software)
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response reports security issues national government many local governments halted usage line late march .april government ordered line take measures properly protect customers information report improvement measures within month.line also relocated image data stored south korea japan.november tokyo metropolitan government offers proof covid vaccinations line app expansion planned prefectures.on april line suffered largescale crash taiwan.unconfirmed reports suggest roman matovsky hacked companys servers personal conflict company.
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Line (software)
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wrote personal blog shortly platforms services resumed asserting claimed happened additionally left comments consistent social network profiles subsequently removed next day.more line pay users taiwan affected leak transaction information period dec. april .censorship line suppressed content china conform government censorship.analysis citizen lab showed accounts registered chinese phone numbers download list banned words cannot sent received line.line publicly confirmed practice december .however access line chat servers entirely blocked great firewall company still makes revenue china brickandmortar stores.in indonesia line responded pressure indonesian communication information ministry remove emojis stickers believes make reference homosexuality example emoji two men holding hands.line issued public statement issue line regrets incidents stickers considered sensitive many people.
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Line (software)
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ask understanding moment working issue remove stickers.in thailand line suspected responding pressure thai government previously approving red buffalo stickers used refer red shirts political faction including red shirts removed stickers.in russia may access line chat servers entirely blocked roskomnadzor line servers added unified register banned sites russian users began experience problems receiving sending messages.popular culture november line shown far east movements music video featuring sidney samson song change life.dj virman seen chatting sidney samson middle music video.on december line application shown american rap artist big seans music video song guap.on may warner music italy released music video italian singer annalisas sento solo il presente recording artist seen using line application beginning video.in line app featured cycle americas next top model.the app significant presence popular korean tv drama love star.the app heavily featured visual novel steinsgate name rine.naver corporation mages also partnered steinsgate th anniversary goods project.in anime film name male protagonist taki tachibana uses line communicate.in anime tsuki ga kirei line app protagonists main way communication.the original anime series uses line extensively throughout series method communication characters.in webtoon age matters enjelicious line referred lime corp company protagonist daniel ceo of.in featured dont toy miss nagatoro.in visual novel tsuki kanata de aimashou line referenced line.line collaborated supercell add characters cosmetics supercell’s mobile game brawl stars.related products line friends line friends featured characters shown stickers application.
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Line (software)
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include brown cony sally james moon boss jessica edward leonard choco pangyo rangers.two anime series line offline line town produced picturing line friends employees fictional line corporation.line man ondemand assistant food messenger delivery services bangkok.line tv video demand service operating taiwan thailand.stores physical stores japan south korea china taiwan hong kong thailand u.s. korean online store purchase line friends merchandise.
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High availability
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occasionally line popup temporary stores globally.see also comparison crossplatform instant messaging clientscomparison instant messaging protocolscomparison internet relay chat clientscomparison lan messengerscomparison voip softwarelist sip softwarelist video telecommunication services product brands references external links official websiteexample hospitals data centers require high availability systems perform routine daily activities.availability refers ability user community obtain service good access system whether submit new work update alter existing work collect results previous work.user cannot access system – users point view – unavailable.generally term downtime used refer periods system unavailable.principles three principles systems design reliability engineering help achieve high availability.elimination single points failure.
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High availability
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means adding building redundancy system failure component mean failure entire system.reliable crossover.redundant systems crossover point tends become single point failure.reliable systems must provide reliable crossover.detection failures occur.two principles observed user may never see failure – maintenance activity must.scheduled unscheduled downtime distinction made scheduled unscheduled downtime.
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High availability
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typically scheduled downtime result maintenance disruptive system operation usually cannot avoided currently installed system design.scheduled downtime events might include patches system software require reboot system configuration changes take effect upon reboot.general scheduled downtime usually result logical managementinitiated event.unscheduled downtime events typically arise physical event hardware software failure environmental anomaly.examples unscheduled downtime events include power outages failed cpu ram components possibly failed hardware components overtemperature related shutdown logically physically severed network connections security breaches various application middleware operating system failures.if users warned away scheduled downtimes distinction useful.
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High availability
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requirement true high availability downtime downtime whether scheduled.many computing sites exclude scheduled downtime availability calculations assuming little impact upon computing user community.claim phenomenally high availability might give illusion continuous availability.systems exhibit truly continuous availability comparatively rare higher priced carefully implemented specialty designs eliminate single point failure allow online hardware network operating system middleware application upgrades patches replacements.certain systems scheduled downtime matter example system downtime office building everybody gone home night.percentage calculation availability usually expressed percentage uptime given year.
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High availability
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following table shows downtime allowed particular percentage availability presuming system required operate continuously.service level agreements often refer monthly downtime availability order calculate service credits match monthly billing cycles.following table shows translation given availability percentage corresponding amount time system would unavailable.uptime availability used synonymously long items discussed kept consistent.system services available case network outage.also viewed system available worked services functional perspective opposed software serviceprocess perspective.
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High availability
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perspective important whether item discussed server hardware server os functional service software serviceprocess...etc.keep perspective consistent throughout discussion uptime availability used synonymously.nines percentages particular order magnitude sometimes referred number nines class nines digits.example electricity delivered without interruptions blackouts brownouts surges .time would nines reliability class five.
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High availability
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particular term used connection mainframes enterprise computing often part servicelevel agreement.similarly percentages ending conventional names traditionally number nines five .three nines five abbreviated n. casually referred three half nines incorrect factor factor .nines per formula log ≈ .displaystyle log approx ..
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High availability
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availability .nines .nines.simply going .availability .
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High availability
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availability factor ..unavailability going ..availability factor .
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High availability
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.unavailability twice much.a formulation class c displaystyle c based systems unavailability x displaystyle x would c ⌊ − log x ⌋ displaystyle clfloor log xrfloor cf.floor ceiling functions.a similar measurement sometimes used describe purity substances.in general number nines often used network engineer modeling measuring availability hard apply formula.often unavailability expressed probability like .downtime per year quoted.
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High availability
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availability specified number nines often seen marketing documents.use nines called question since appropriately reflect impact unavailability varies time occurrence.large amounts unavailability index measure downtime rather uptime easier handle.example unavailability rather availability metric used hard disk data link bit error rates.sometimes humorous term nine fives .used contrast five nines .
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High availability
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though actual goal rather sarcastic reference totally failing meet reasonable target.measurement interpretation availability measurement subject degree interpretation.system days nonleap year might eclipsed network failure lasted hours peak usage period user community see system unavailable whereas system administrator claim uptime.however given true definition availability system approximately .available three nines hours available time hours per nonleap year.
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High availability
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also systems experiencing performance problems often deemed partially entirely unavailable users even systems continuing function.similarly unavailability select application functions might go unnoticed administrators yet devastating users — true availability measure holistic.availability must measured determined ideally comprehensive monitoring tools instrumentation highly available.lack instrumentation systems supporting high volume transaction processing throughout day night credit card processing systems telephone switches often inherently better monitored least users systems experience periodic lulls demand.an alternative metric mean time failures mtbf.closely related concepts recovery time estimated time repair etr also known recovery time objective rto closely related availability total time required planned outage time required fully recover unplanned outage.another metric mean time recovery mttr.
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High availability
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recovery time could infinite certain system designs failures i.e.full recovery impossible.one example fire flood destroys data center systems secondary disaster recovery data center.another related concept data availability degree databases information storage systems faithfully record report system transactions.information management often focuses separately data availability recovery point objective order determine acceptable actual data loss various failure events.users tolerate application service interruptions cannot tolerate data loss.a service level agreement sla formalizes organizations availability objectives requirements.
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High availability
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military control systems high availability one primary requirements control systems unmanned vehicles autonomous maritime vessels.controlling system becomes unavailable ground combat vehicle gcv asw continuous trail unmanned vessel actuv would lost.system design adding components overall system design undermine efforts achieve high availability complex systems inherently potential failure points difficult implement correctly.analysts would put forth theory highly available systems adhere simple architecture single high quality multipurpose physical system comprehensive internal hardware redundancy architecture suffers requirement entire system must brought patching operating system upgrades.advanced system designs allow systems patched upgraded without compromising service availability see load balancing failover.high availability requires less human intervention restore operation complex systems reason common cause outages human error.redundancy used create systems high levels availability e.g.
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High availability
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aircraft flight computers.case required high levels failure detectability avoidance common cause failures.two kinds redundancy passive redundancy active redundancy.passive redundancy used achieve high availability including enough excess capacity design accommodate performance decline.simplest example boat two separate engines driving two separate propellers.boat continues toward destination despite failure single engine propeller.
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High availability
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complex example multiple redundant power generation facilities within large system involving electric power transmission.malfunction single components considered failure unless resulting performance decline exceeds specification limits entire system.active redundancy used complex systems achieve high availability performance decline.multiple items kind incorporated design includes method detect failure automatically reconfigure system bypass failed items using voting scheme.used complex computing systems linked.internet routing derived early work birman joseph area.
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High availability
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active redundancy may introduce complex failure modes system continuous system reconfiguration due faulty voting logic.zero downtime system design means modeling simulation indicates mean time failures significantly exceeds period time planned maintenance upgrade events system lifetime.zero downtime involves massive redundancy needed types aircraft kinds communications satellites.global positioning system example zero downtime system.fault instrumentation used systems limited redundancy achieve high availability.maintenance actions occur brief periods downtime fault indicator activates.failure significant occurs mission critical period.modeling simulation used evaluate theoretical reliability large systems.
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High availability
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outcome kind model used evaluate different design options.model entire system created model stressed removing components.redundancy simulation involves nx criteria.n represents total number components system.x number components used stress system.
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High availability
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n means model stressed evaluating performance possible combinations one component faulted.n means model stressed evaluating performance possible combinations two component faulted simultaneously.reasons unavailability survey among academic availability experts ranked reasons unavailability enterprise systems.reasons refer following best practice following areas order importancemonitoring relevant componentsrequirements procurementoperationsavoidance network failuresavoidance internal application failuresavoidance external services failphysical environmentnetwork redundancytechnical solution backupprocess solution backupphysical locationinfrastructure redundancystorage architecture redundancya book factors published .costs unavailability report ibm global services unavailable systems estimated cost american businesses .
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Windows Server 2008
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billion due lost productivity revenues.see also disaster recoveryfaulttolerancehighavailability clusteroverall equipment effectivenessreliability availability serviceability computingreliability engineeringresilience networkubiquitous computing notes references external links lecture notes enterprise computing university tübingenlecture notes embedded systems engineering prof. phil koopmanuptime calculator slareleased manufacturing february generally retail february .derived windows vista windows server successor windows server derived windows xp codebase released nearly five years earlier.on january microsoft ended support internet explorer versions older internet explorer released windows .extended support windows server ended january supported windows versions scattered across unsupported windows versions.extended security updates esu updates last january january azure customers.windows server final version supports iabased processors also known bit processors.successor windows server r requires bit processor supported architecture x x itanium.history originally known windows server codename longhorn microsoft chairman bill gates announced official title windows server keynote address winhec may .beta released july beta announced released may winhec beta released publicly april .
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Windows Server 2008
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release candidate released general public september release candidate released general public december .windows server released manufacturing february officially launched th month.features windows server built codebase windows vista thus shares much architecture functionality.since codebase common windows server inherits technical security management administrative features new windows vista rewritten networking stack native ipv native wireless speed security improvements improved imagebased installation deployment recovery improved diagnostics monitoring event logging reporting tools new security features bitlocker address space layout randomization aslr improved windows firewall secure default configuration .net framework .technologies specifically windows communication foundation microsoft message queuing windows workflow foundation core kernel memory file system improvements.
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Windows Server 2008
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processors memory devices modeled plug play devices allow hotplugging devices.allows system resources partitioned dynamically using dynamic hardware partitioning partition memory processor io host bridge devices independent partitions.server core windows server includes variation installation called server core.server core significantly scaledback installation windows explorer shell installed.also lacks internet explorer many nonessential features.
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Windows Server 2008
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configuration maintenance done entirely commandline interface windows connecting machine remotely using microsoft management console mmc.notepad control panel applets regional settings available.a server core installation configured several basic roles including domain controller active directory domain services active directory lightweight directory services formerly known active directory application mode dns server dhcp server file server print server windows media server internet information services web server hyperv virtual server roles.server core also used create cluster high availability using failover clustering network load balancing.andrew mason program manager windows server team noted primary motivation producing server core variant windows server reduce attack surface operating system security vulnerabilities microsoft windows prior five years would affected server core.active directory active directory domain functionality retained windows server renamed active directory domain services adds.active directory federation services adfs enables enterprises share credentials trusted partners customers allowing consultant use company user name password log clients network.active directory lightweight directory services ad lds formerly active directory application mode adamactive directory certificate services adcs allow administrators manage user accounts digital certificates allow access certain services systems.identity integration feature pack included active directory metadirectory services.active directory rights management services adrmsreadonly domain controllers rodcs intended use branch office scenarios domain controller may reside low physical security environment.
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Windows Server 2008
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rodc holds nonwriteable copy active directory redirects write attempts full domain controller.replicates accounts except sensitive ones.rodc mode credentials cached default.also local administrators designated log machine perform maintenance tasks without requiring administrative rights entire domain.restartable active directory allows adds stopped restarted management console commandline without rebooting domain controller.reduces downtime offline operations reduces overall dc servicing requirements server core.
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Windows Server 2008
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adds implemented domain controller service windows server .all group policy improvements windows vista included.group policy management console gpmc builtin.group policy objects indexed search commented on.policybased networking network access protection improved branch management enhanced end user collaboration.policies created ensure greater quality service certain applications services require prioritization network bandwidth client server.granular password settings within single domain ability implement different password policies administrative accounts group user basis instead single set password settings whole domain.failover clustering windows server offers high availability services applications failover clustering.
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Windows Server 2008
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server features roles kept running little downtime.in windows server way clusters qualified changed significantly introduction cluster validation wizard.cluster validation wizard feature integrated failover clustering windows server .cluster validation wizard administrator run set focused tests collection servers intended use nodes cluster.cluster validation process tests underlying hardware software directly individually obtain accurate assessment well failover clustering supported given configuration.this feature available enterprise datacenter editions windows server.disk management file storage ability resize hard disk partitions without stopping server even system partition.
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Windows Server 2008
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applies simple spanned volumes striped volumes.shadow copy based blocklevel backup supports optical media network shares windows recovery environment.dfs enhancements sysvol dfsr readonly folder replication member.also support domainbased dfs namespaces exceed previous size recommendation folders targets namespace.several improvements failover clustering highavailability clusters.internet storage naming server isns enables central registration deregistration queries iscsi hard drives.selfhealing ntfs windows versions prior windows vista operating system detected corruption file system ntfs volume marked volume dirty correct errors volume taken offline.selfhealing ntfs ntfs worker thread spawned background performs localized fixup damaged data structures corrupted filesfolders remaining unavailable without locking entire volume needing server taken down.s.m.a.r.t.detection techniques added help determine hard disk may fail.
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Windows Server 2008
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hyperv hyperv hypervisorbased virtualization software forming core part microsofts virtualization strategy.virtualizes servers operating systems kernel layer.thought partitioning single physical server multiple small computational partitions.hyperv includes ability act xen virtualization hypervisor host allowing xenenabled guest operating systems run virtualized.beta version hyperv shipped certain x editions windows server prior microsofts release final version hyperv june free download.
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Windows Server 2008
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also standalone variant hyperv exists variant supports x architecture.ia editions windows server cannot run install hyperv run mmc snapin managing hyperv.windows system resource manager windows system resource manager wsrm integrated windows server .provides resource management used control amount resources process user use based business priorities.process matching criteria defined name type owner process enforces restrictions resource usage process matches criteria.
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Windows Server 2008
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cpu time bandwidth use number processors run allocated process restricted.restrictions set imposed certain dates well.server manager server manager new rolesbased management tool windows server .combination manage server security configuration wizard windows server .server manager improvement configure server dialog launches default windows server machines.
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Windows Server 2008
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however rather serve starting point configuring new roles server manager gathers together operations users would want conduct server getting remote deployment method set adding server roles etc.provides consolidated portallike view status role.protocol cryptography support bit aes encryption kerberos authentication protocol.new cryptography cng api supports elliptic curve cryptography improved certificate management.secure socket tunneling protocol new microsoft proprietary vpn protocol.authip microsoft proprietary extension ike cryptographic protocol used ipsec vpn networks.server message block .protocol new tcpip stack provides number communication enhancements including greater performance connecting file shares highlatency links better security use mutual authentication message signing.miscellaneous fully componentized operating system.improved hot patching feature allows nonkernel patches occur without need reboot.support booted extensible firmware interface eficompliant firmware x systems.dynamic hardware partitioning supports hotaddition replacement processors memory capable hardware.windows deployment services wds replacing automated deployment services windows server home entertainment remote installation services.
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Windows Server 2008
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windows deployment services supports enhanced multicast feature deploying operating system images.internet information services increased security robocopy deployment improved diagnostic tools delegated administration.windows internal database variant sql server express serves common storage backend several components windows system resource manager windows sharepoint services windows server update services.intended used thirdparty applications.an optional desktop experience component provides windows aero user interface windows vista local users well remote users connecting remote desktop.removed features open shortest path first ospf routing protocol component routing remote access service removed.services macintosh provided file print sharing via deprecated appletalk protocol removed.services macintosh initially removed windows xp available windows server .ntbackup replaced windows server backup longer supports backing tape drives.result ntbackup removal exchange server volume snapshot backup functionality however exchange server sp adds back exchange backup plugin windows server backup restores partial functionality.
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Windows Server 2008
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windows small business server windows essential business server include exchange backup component.the pop service removed internet information services .. smtp simple mail transfer protocol service available server role iis .server feature managed iis ..nntp network news transfer protocol longer part internet information services ..readyboost available windows vista supported windows server .support lifecycle support rtm version windows server ended july users able receive security updates operating system.component windows vista windows server continue supported security updates lasting january respective endoflife dates windows .microsoft planned end support windows server january .however order give customers time migrate newer windows versions particularly developing emerging markets microsoft decided extend support january .
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Windows Server 2008
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microsoft announced extended security updates esu service expire january january azure customers.windows server upgraded windows server r bit systems only.editions editions windows server available x ia variants.editions come two dvds one installing ia variant x. windows server itaniumbased systems supports ia processors.ia variant optimized highworkload scenarios like database servers line business lob applications.optimized use file server media server.
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Windows Server 2008
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windows server last bit windows server operating system.editions windows server includewindows server foundation codenamed lima x oems onlywindows server standard ia xwindows server enterprise ia xwindows server datacenter ia xwindows server itaniumbased systems iawindows web server ia xwindows hpc server codenamed socrates replacing windows compute cluster serverwindows storage server codenamed magni ia xwindows small business server codenamed cougar x small businesseswindows essential business server codenamed centro x mediumsized businesses edition discontinued .the microsoft imagine program known dreamspark time used provide verified students bit variant windows server standard edition version since removed.however still provide r release.the server core feature available web standard enterprise datacenter editions.windows server foundation released may .updates windows server shares updates windows vista due based operating systems codebase.workaround found allowed installation updates windows server windows vista adding three years security updates operating system support windows vista ended april support windows server ended january .service pack due operating system based codebase windows vista released day initial release windows vista service pack rtm release windows server already includes updates fixes service pack .service pack initially announced october released may .
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Windows Server 2008
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service pack added new features windows search .support bluetooth .ability write bluray discs simpler wifi configuration.windows server specifically received final release hyperv .improved backwards compatibility terminal server license keys approximate reduction power usage service pack.windows vista windows server share service pack update binary codebases two operating systems unified windows vista windows server first microsoft client server operating systems share codebase since release windows .
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Windows Server 2008
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predecessors windows vista windows server windows xp windows server unique codebases used updates service packs.platform update october microsoft released platform update windows server windows vista.backports several apis libraries introduced windows server r windows windows server windows vista including ribbon api directx xps library windows automation api portable device platform.supplemental update released provide improvements bug fixes.internet explorer windows server shipped internet explorer version shipped windows vista.
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Windows Server 2008
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last supported version internet explorer windows server internet explorer released .internet explorer continually updated cumulative monthly update rollups support internet explorer windows server ended january ..net framework latest supported version .net framework officially version .released october .tls .
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Windows Server 2008
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.support july microsoft released update add tls ..support windows server however disabled default installing update.sha signing support starting march microsoft began transitioning exclusively signing windows updates sha algorithm.
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Windows Server 2008
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result microsoft released several updates throughout add sha signing support windows server .monthly update rollups june microsoft announced would moving windows server monthly update model beginning updates released september two years microsoft switched rest supported operating systems model.with new update model instead updates released became available two update packages released second tuesday every month windows server reached end life one package containing security quality updates smaller package contained security updates.users could choose package wanted install month.later month another package would released preview next months security quality update rollup.installing preview rollup package released windows server march later released rollup package update operating system kernels build number version .. ... change made microsoft could continue service operating system avoiding “versionrelated issues”.the last free security update rollup packages released january .extended security updates windows server eligible extended security updates program.
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Windows Server 2008
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program allows volume license customers purchase yearly installments security updates operating system january .licenses paid permachine basis.user purchases extended security updates license later year program must pay previous years extended security updates well.extended security updates released become available.windows server r second release windows server called windows based windows server r released manufacturing july became generally available october .
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2014 celebrity nude photo leak
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new features added windows server r include new virtualization features new active directory features internet information services .support logical processors.first server operating system microsoft exclusively support bit processors.a service pack windows windows server r formally designed service pack released february .system requirements system requirements windows server follows scalability windows server supports following maximum hardware specifications see also bluekeep security vulnerabilitycomparison microsoft windows versionscomparison operating systemshistory microsoft windowslist operating systemsmicrosoft servers notes references reading external links windows server performance team blogleak popularly dubbed fappening also celebgate.images initially believed obtained via breach apples cloud services suite icloud security issue icloud api allowed make unlimited attempts guessing victims passwords.apple claimed press release access gained via spear phishing attacks.the incident met varied reaction media fellow celebrities.critics felt distribution images major invasion privacy subjects allegedly depicted subjects denied authenticity.leak also prompted increased concern analysts surrounding privacy security cloud computing services icloud—with particular emphasis use store sensitive private information.
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2014 celebrity nude photo leak
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etymology fappening jocular portmanteau coined combining words fap internet slang term masturbation title film happening.though term vulgarism originating either imageboards pictures initially posted reddit mainstream media outlets soon adopted term bbc.term received criticism journalists like radhika sanghani daily telegraph toyin owoseje international business times said term trivialized leak also according sanghani made light severe situation.articles used term extensively describe event including headlines.celebgate reference watergate scandal.procurement distribution images obtained via online storage offered apples icloud platform automatically backing photos ios devices iphones.
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2014 celebrity nude photo leak
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apple later reported victims icloud account information obtained using targeted attack user names passwords security questions phishing bruteforce attack guessing.initially believed images obtained using exploit find iphone service.court documents indicated one user created fake email account called appleprivacysecurity ask celebrities security information.photos passed around privately least couple weeks public release august .claims unreleased photos videos exist.the hacker responsible leak described collector distributed leaked images image boards chan anonib exchange bitcoin.
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2014 celebrity nude photo leak
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ultimately images widely circulated online via channels including imgur tumblr.celebrity gossip blogger perez hilton also reposted photos blog soon took issued apology saying acted bad taste.a major center activity linksharing website reddit subreddit rthefappening created sharing photos single day amassed followers.reddit administrators criticized allowing take place alleged violation antidoxing rules.mckayla maroney claimed time photos taken reddit staff took photos warned anyone reposting underage photos liz lee circulating prior incident would permanently banned site could prosecuted distributing child pornography.september citing copyright issues reddit banned rthefappening also saying workload dealing become much.
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2014 celebrity nude photo leak
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reddit banned another subreddit named fappening day.content affected celebrities original release contained photos videos individuals allegedly obtained file storage hacked icloud accounts including leakers claimed alist celebrities.shortly photos leaked several affected celebrities issued statements either confirming denying photos authenticity.celebrities confirmed photos authenticity include jennifer lawrence confirmed publicist kate upton husband justin verlander confirmed uptons lawyer mary elizabeth winstead confirmed via twitter jessica brown findlay confirmed spokesman kaley cuoco confirmed via instagram kirsten dunst also criticized icloud service.jill scott confirmed twitter one leaked photos stating another fake.celebrities denied photos authenticity include ariana grande yvonne strahovski.
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2014 celebrity nude photo leak
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olympic gymnast mckayla maroney initially denied images authenticity twitter later confirmed photos legitimate also saying underage taken.victoria justice denied photos authentic later stated twitter pursuing legal action found leak massive invasion privacy privacy celebrities affected incident.reports october indicated nick hogan first male star directly targeted hackers however hogan denied pictures authenticity.according security expert nik cubrilovic addition photographs personal information text messages calendars address books phone call logs data stored phones backed service also likely stolen.on september second batch similar private photos additional celebrities leaked hackers.september third batch also leaked dubbed fappening .reactions actress lena dunham pleaded twitter people view photos arguing violating women again.
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2014 celebrity nude photo leak
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okay.actress emma watson condemned leak also accompanying comments social media show lack empathy.actors seth rogen lucas neff also spoke hackers people posted pictures.justin verlander pitcher detroit tigers told media prior game cleveland indians keeps private life private would rather focus tigers race kansas city royals al central title distraction teammates.security analysts stated breach could prevented use twofactor authentication forbes writer recommended completely shutting icloud photo stream feature automatically uploads photos taken ios device icloud servers.in interview wall street journal apple ceo tim cook stated response leaks company planned take additional steps protect privacy security icloud users future.
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2014 celebrity nude photo leak
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notifications provided whenever data restored device via icloud logging icloud via web browser addition existing notifications users icloud password changed.additionally apple broaden encourage use twofactor authentication future versions software operating systems thenupcoming ios .conclusion emphasized want everything protect customers outraged are.jennifer lawrence contacted authorities publicist stated authorities would prosecute anyone posted leaked images her.forbes columnist joseph steinberg questioned whether reactions law enforcement technology providers indicated celebrities treated differently ordinary americans case law enforcement may illegal.on october google threatened lawsuit lawyer martin singer million behalf unnamed victims leaks alleging google refused respond requests images removed platforms including blogger youtube failing act expeditiously responsibly remove images knowingly accommodating facilitating perpetuating unlawful conduct.in interview vanity fair victim jennifer lawrence called hack sex crime sexual violation added anybody looked pictures youre perpetuating sexual offense.cower shame.
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2014 celebrity nude photo leak
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view contrasted another victim hack emily ratajkowski told gq lot people victims hack said anyone looks pictures feel guilty dont think thats fair im sure anyone googles necessarily criminal.think people stole photos are.investigation fbi said aware allegations concerning computer intrusions unlawful release material involving high profile individuals addressing matter.similarly apple stated investigating whether security breach icloud service responsible leaked photographs per companys commitment user privacy.september apple reported leaked images result compromised accounts using targeted attack user names passwords security questions practice become common internet.in october fbi searched house chicago illinois seized several computers cellphones storage drives tracking source hacking attack ip address linked individual named emilio herrera.
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2014 celebrity nude photo leak
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related search warrant application mentioned eight victims initials a.s. c.h.h.s.j.m.o.w.a.k.
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