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Networked advocacy | past collective understanding advocacy limited institutional contextual questions.today advocacy may mean finding patterns data—perhaps new conception framing words take back seat data tell story algorithms define patterns things exist world.bimber noted digital technology changed entire structure understanding information.however like information revolutions past changes may completely overcome institutions past.collective action theories olson tarrow keck sikkink retain important conceptual principles guide understanding advocacy networks. |
Networked advocacy | technology simply thrown constraints posed collaboration information costs raising broader deeper complex questions advocacy means achieved whence stems.electronic networks free opensource software concept free software much older free software movement free software community generally distinguished popular open source software philosophical definition.free software generally referred free speech free beer.essentially favor free software favor freely accessing reading modifying redistributing software.two versions unix distributed att berkley software distribution bsd model favored att tended receive downloads bsd model. |
Networked advocacy | several commercial innovations occurred developments including apples macos.indicative movement within commercial software development earn profit products.many argue bill gates signaled beginning softwareforpay business open letter hobbyists referred people tinkering altair basic system developed paul allen criminals guilty copyright infringement.response richard stallman founded free software movement ensure either unix alternate developed gnu would free people use develop own.mean however revised versions free software obfuscated used commercially sold products.open source software similar mission major difference obfuscation allowed part code based open source software open source software used commercially sold product. |
Networked advocacy | famous open source code linux operating system used distributed noncommercially commercially sold.free open source software however competition other.linux gnu including open source free software minix often used combination original software development.wikipedia otherwise known free encyclopedia free follows mantra free software defined richard stallman.collaborations wikipedia free software movement open source software successful take advantage small contributions many people cost failure low.model free open source software may one older forms electronically enabled networks format remained relatively unchanged since early s. networked advocacy free open source software movements specifically designed maintain open flow communication development alive interested various software projects. |
Networked advocacy | take advantage soft ties people common interests varying levels skill come together create software times effective cheap enough better choice governments business commercially developed software products.electronic networks politics vital citizens training utilize new technology disseminate information decentralize local governance hold government accountable tools ultimately bring government closer people strengthening citizens’ political voices engage government ensure improved quality transparency.recent events middle east north africa evidence power collective mobilization new technologies implemented inspire individuals communities act.turning specific recent events cite – iranian election protests tunisias jasmine revolution examples power online technology aid social advocacy protest.critics doubt impact saying instead grievances mobilize people technology.january article foreign policy commentator ethan zuckerman gave social networking technology credit argued sustained nature revolts well solidarity shown revolts different nations phenomenon beyond scope online networked advocacy.while middle east revolutions garnered attention ability grassroots organizations launch social media platforms also effectively mobilized top organization well. |
Networked advocacy | congress debated merits funding planned parenthood organization able utilize facebook twitter educate people effects funding reduction.stunningly effective people participated online educational campaign originally fans planned parenthoods facebook page rather influenced—to use bennett manheims word—by seeing peers facebook posting.reposting helped spread information campaign went viral.viral marketing relies heavily networked communications whether internet bulletin board systems bbs chat rooms social media services like twitter facebook.foundational level viral marketing entails producing large media outcome limited resource input effect turning hindman model power law distribution head allowing new website idea rise quickly rankings power law distributed network.direct action viral marketing production team involved beginning project relies extensively demonstrated networking phenomena spread news information product wider base. |
Networked advocacy | among first write viral marketing internet media critic douglas rushkoff.assumption advertisement reaches susceptible user user becomes infected i.e.accepts idea shares idea others infecting viral analogys terms.long infected user shares idea one susceptible user average i.e.basic reproductive rate greater one—the standard epidemiology qualifying something epidemic number infected users grows according exponential curve. |
Networked advocacy | course marketing campaign may successful even message spreads slowly usertouser sharing sustained forms marketing communications public relations advertising.substantially similar modified onestep flow theory outlined jarol b. manheim w. lance bennett substantial additions designed turn theory directmarketing strategy.those see internet played crucial role believe ict reinforced portions theoretical concepts behind networked advocacy protests egypt bahrain yemen iran.instance selfrepairing nature networks connected outside information centers notable.despite egyptian government attempts block internet access reduce organizing communicative potential social networking websites egyptian protesters effectively expanded sphere complaint capture attention western world media including google offered technology circumvent internet shutdown.peripheral technologies included posting status updates event information via phone using novel new texttotweet program.in addition egyptian appeal private businesses western governments example networked advocacy boomerang effect described early millard f. mann university kansas popularized work activists beyond borders communications experts margaret keck kathryn sikkink.there also compelling link ready availability information provided internet websites twitter speed organized concerted protests spread across national borders. |
Networked advocacy | networked advocacy tools facebook twitter appear played role coalescing horizontally structured egyptian revolution .possible older technologies cable television played equally large role fomenting sustaining protests.on hand critics caution overstating role electronic advocacy middle east protests.criticisms includeshared grievances coupled strong solidarity—not technology—cause protest.online protests low entry barriers also exceptionally low commitment levels hence constant danger overestimating degree support particular cause enjoys.internet penetration use platforms like twitter facebook low much developing world thus protests likely reach elite developed countries rather large masses poor people around world.malcolm gladwell argues social mediadriven activism favors weaktie connections give information opposed strongtie personal connections help people persevere face danger.networked advocacy areas limited statehood global south much available scholarship networked advocacy deals areas world states consolidated.states willing able provide basic public goods. |
Networked advocacy | people hope enact political change places direct advocacy toward state.literature relies assumption advocates state direct political pressure.work excludes situations statehood limited much state exists all.areas limited statehood necessarily refer states entire geographic area could confined certain regions.mancur olson sees state pinnacle large organization.first pages logic collective action explains state—like organizations focuses study—is expected interests citizens. |
Networked advocacy | invites possibility organizing nonstate environment.similarly modes governance sidney tarrow discusses power movement rely centrality state.characterizes contentious politics—his iteration collective action—as only…the expression societies’ submerged groups putting pressure state intermediary set processes states societies.tarrow state necessary condition arena advocacy happens.state’s absence contentious politics local protests.submerged groups exist area limited statehoodwhile keck sikkink mention areas limited statehood case studies presented activists beyond borders theory collective action still focuses primarily interaction nation states nonstate actors. |
Networked advocacy | boomerang model addresses idea uncooperative government positioning ngos interlocuters specific population state.however absence central government would model changein social movements beyond borders lance bennetts examination political capacity also seems assume existence state.examining flexible fluid networks facilitated digital information environment asks whether networks particular able influence larger publics establish effective political relationships targets protest.bennetts examples social movements involve protests concrete targets inseparable state.happens area limited statehood establishing relationships targets—or perhaps even targets all—is optioncastells overtly discusses centrality state theory collective action. |
Networked advocacy | noted castells sees collective action social movements struggles power counterpower.discusses power dynamics exclusively terms state power relations imbedded institutions society particularly state…the actual configuration state institutions regulate people’s lives depend constant interaction power counterpower.even goes far say order power networks—and extension social movements—to function state must exist.words state constitutes default network proper functioning networks.assertion seems doom areas limited statehood powerlessness comes mobilizing outrage engaging collective action.by presupposing global north society earl kimport also limit vision comes potential digitally enabled collective action. |
Networked advocacy | though never assert explicitly theories seem rely existence consolidated state.nearly examples etactics offer online petitions neglect take account states open persuaded petitions.furthermore characterization theory .takes account narrow range collective action possibilities forms.hypothesize theory . |
Networked advocacy | create environment conducive wide range protest areas including saving television shows supporting boy bands challenging corporate game producers.examples exclusive global north also ignore potential theory .allow mechanisms empower marginalized populations areas limited statehood reclaim naija ushahidi.steven livingston gregor walterdrop argue new technology new uses information communication technology fill void left dysfunctional extractive states.daron acemoglu james robinsons nations fail distinguishes extractive pluralistic nations.former designed benefit preserve wealth elite. |
Networked advocacy | institutions nations extract natural resources group sacrifice security larger population protect it.environment breeds resentment unrest sets states path instability ultimately failure.meanwhile pluralistic political economic institutions provide opportunities economic advancement protect hardwon property citizens.free press sets pluralistic states apart extractive ones holding powerful institutions accountable actions.pluralistic nations also foster participation robust civil society.eventmapping platforms ushahidi relies largely crowdsourcing syria tracker monitored visually displayed incidences violence across world. |
Networked advocacy | platforms gather information locals ground turn data digital interactive maps.mpesa moneytransfer service based mobile telephony allows users limited access banks transfer money without ever exchange physical currency.in recent years new technological tools increased access information combined enable substantial growth activism efforts latin american regions global south.google technologies—particularly google street view google earth engine online environment monitoring tool updated daily—have proven transformative several groups including amazon conservation team surui tribe measuring mapping amazon region order aid protection rainforest isolated indigenous groups.guatemalas year civil war ended country vast unmarked grave people missing dead result conflict following war government army official groups maintained silence victims’ identities hid important information crimes committed war.past several years however human rights groups investigators gained access growing body crucial police government records undertaken analysis organization massive archive records.done physically locating digitally scanning storing many millions pages records gathering housing witnesses’ victims’ experiences databases conducting quantitative analyses interviews knowledge gathered. |
Networked advocacy | records aided guatemalan families learning whereabouts missing loved ones provided evidence multiple human rights cases.livingston walterdrop argue tools potential effective individually powerful come together empower communities harsher aspects daytoday life areas government weak corrupt.crowdsourcing platforms example often combine number technologies provide populations tools report corruption violence problems encourage institutional response rectification googles tools combine similar ways provide transparency share information facilitate protection compromised regions populations.electronic networks event mapping remote sensing data geographical information system gis platforms mobile telephony work together allow crowdsourcing initiatives created new types organization around world.one example event mapping advocacy activity relies geospatial data collected commercial remote sensing satellites gps coordinates gis.one example ushahidi means testimony swahili gis platform established monitor map postelection violence kenya.ushahidi grown ad hoc group volunteers focused organization working kenya much africa europe south america united states. |
Networked advocacy | individuals ground establish monitoring system observers world monitor elections look signs fraud andor violence.examples uses ushahidi platform include organizing resources postearthquake haiti help map russia system coordinates resources fight wildfires russia system mapping violence protests libya.one particularly successful campaign using event mapping joint collaboration project vote report india ushahidi.citizendriven election monitoring platform created report voting habits voter turnout.intended campaign increase voter turnout engagement awareness promoting democracy.aside fighting corruption seen kenya research shown mobile phone penetration community increases feeling society wholly corrupt decreases.likely due mobile phones facilitation networked information systems increase access broader array information allow relatively simple factchecking. |
Networked advocacy | event mapping however used variety ways.illuminate problems create communities common goals bring attention injustice even redefine idea international domestic issue simply showing physical location event.patrick meier internationally renowned expert application new technologies crisis early warning humanitarian response.demonstrated success information communications technologies crisis mapping – live maps updated information sources ground via sms technology email social media.meier successful aiding humanitarian organizations like united nations world health organization amnesty international mobilize social media digital technology resources resolve humanitarian crises.according meier situational awareness key allocating resources coordinating logistics… gaining information like straight crisis zones game changer technologies didn’t exist years ago.meier former director crisis mapping ushahidi sees power icts democratizing information access participation agency.meier focuses use crisis mapping humanitarian sector exploring cases aftermath haitian earthquake forest fires remote parts russia humanitarian crisis libya. |
Networked advocacy | meier examining collective action realm humanitarian disasters sheds light might way forward terms ict create digitally enabled modes governance recommends decentralized bottomup approach.perhaps robust digitally enabled governance modality occur citizens area limited statehood provided new information communication technology left figure governance challenges met responded locally.rather simply relegating locals simply recorders governance issues new form governance modality allow populations make better use new information technologies support immediate selforganized response efforts.perhaps key digitally enabled governance modalities simply introduction new icts population also extent local populations allowed technology usage develop locally melded governance structures.electronic networks environmentalism networked collective action shown promise enhancing environmental activism around globe.one prominent example google earth engine uses years satellite images current data provide live model earth. |
Networked advocacy | project posted online free aimed help developing nations track deforestation rates environmental changes real time.us nonprofit group appalachian voices uses tool show world mountaintop removal mining done home.brazil suruí tribe using google earth engine measure removal trees rainforest illegal loggers.suruí carbon project several members community given android phones allowed calculate carbon emissions trees forest.monitor forests suspicious changes illegal loggers.other technologies also play networked activism. |
Networked advocacy | ibm offers iphone app allows users crowdsouce water quality.called creekwatch asks users take photo creek stream walk answer water level flow trash level.water released publicly allow water boards cities countries monitor manage water supplies effectively prevent leaks water pipelines help activists monitor watersheds.in india neerjaal newer project allows people crowdsource information water sources consumption harvesting shortages use interactive platform.in blue planet run foundation launched peer water exchange unique participatory decisionmaking network partners combines people process technology manage water sanitation projects around world – application selection funding implementation impact assessment.. project communities apply funding waterrelated projects must provide information proposals voted members online community.group wants apply funding must agree evaluate least project proposals.provide transparency donors communities also allows people come together communities around world share information best practices. |
Networked advocacy | youth advocacy civic political participation youth advocacy organizations many wellestablished organizations support advocacy efforts around issues affect youth national international levels.organizations like youth advocate program international example attempts educate policy makers issues child slavery trafficking help establish protective policies children led adults advocate behalf children.others like youth advocacy center work youth advocate themselves.yac mentors youth foster system advocate rights.but important related note rise youth advocacy organizations participation youth specifically participation involvement advocacy efforts creation organizations projects support causes.suggested research mentioned earlier another circle supported study found roughly percent youth said used social networking address social issues youth become active participators civic political life use digital social media. |
Networked advocacy | one example increase youth participation advocacy networking sites organizations like takingitglobal global youth action network.takingitglobal tig international social networking site encourages youth connect organizations peers advocacy efforts international topics interest them.network members included nonprofits schools countries.addition connection facilitation network also hosts conferences summits offers resources educators organizations build capacity increase scope.tig works partnership global youth action network serves ground level outreach organization number partner projects.takingitglobal global youth action network connect directly many international national ngos well organizations increase support causes. |
Networked advocacy | tig gyan also support projects organizations like youth service america u.s. basednonprofit focused improving youth participation national service.through efforts using digital social media organizations like tig gyan ysa aim help youth see potential stakeholders global citizens encourage participation national international issues could important connect national international peers likeminded expose availability resources organizations use facilitate advocacy change.electronic networks arts exchange certain areas collective action always challenged governments–the arts one area government sponsorship traditionally falls short.often seen high position priority defense instance artistic endeavor exchange often faced coordination challenges proven difficult overcome government funding alone.electronic networks see many new ways private institutions interested individuals able make art accessible public worldwide.google began making worlds masterpieces accessible including prado museum select works google earth platform.simply locating prado users zoom view close high definition images select art works. |
Networked advocacy | high definition images allow user see painting clearly even allow user close enough look study individual brush strokes painting.google earths inclusion prado beginning applying kinds technologies accessing arts.february google unveiled google art project platform devoted bringing online museums around world famous works online public.google art project platform housing many world museums variety works location.users use technology get high definition close views worlds famous paintings much like google earth presentation prado. |
Networked advocacy | google art project users also take virtual tours certain areas exhibits museums creating realistic visitor experience.platform allows person computer internet connection say arkansas take virtual high definition tour instance gemäldegalerie berlin germany national gallery london england palace versailles versailles france.online platforms like google earth google arts area largely reserved wealthy–the arts–because limited accessibility increasingly accessible.looking beyond mainstream museumhoused art online networks enabled access wider variety long tail art whether display learning purchase.art.net instance nonprofit webbased artist collective artists poets musicians painters sculptors animators hacker artists creative people around world aimed helping artists share works world wide web.artists create maintain studio web spaces site gallery pages show works share information themselves. |
Networked advocacy | artists also encouraged collaborate help promote improve art.several member artists also teach art studio spaces located art.net.art.net confused artnet information platform international art market including fine arts decorative arts design.provides services allowing clients attain price transparency giving effective overview art market enabling contact galleries directly.network caters specifically art dealers well buyers.another online network collectors recently established vip art fair virtual trade show buyers sellers art. |
Networked advocacy | vip art fair gives contemporary art collectors access artworks wide range artists ability connect oneonone internationally renowned dealers anywhere world.electronic networks online platforms devoted art becomes accessible everyone whether means artist easily share work student art lover access greater variety works study enjoyment online.potential pitfalls networked advocacy networked advocacy great potential improve lives around world also important recognize potential risks associated form collective action.particular advocacy powered various forms information communications technology may put participants risk reprisal states entities strong interests status quo.in seeing like state certain schemes improve human condition failed james c. scott argues consolidations state power roots efforts make populations legible ruling elites.argues efforts ultimate goal facilitating taxation political control conscription. |
Networked advocacy | scott argues efforts legibility require simplification often lead loss useful local knowledge.ultimately scott believes increased legibility put citizens risk exploitation worst cases physical harm.in terms standardization according scott measurement practices one important areas standardize eventually standardization emerged metric system means administrative centralization commercial reform cultural progress.scott crowning artifact mighty simplification cadastral map survey landholdings used accurately levy taxes.broad terms cadastral map allowed state monitor owned land where.scott sees immense transformative power maps especially created state. |
Networked advocacy | object simplification created state maps designed summarize precisely aspects complex world immediate interest mapmaker ignore rest.often states order reflect power ignore certain areas maps obvious one searches kibera slum nairobi kenya pictured blank area google maps.counter simplification reframing area state icts like openstreetmap.org allow crowdsourced mapping locals.however question must considered making area legible crowdsourcing also open area domination statealthough scott writing ict revolution taken concerns legibility newly applicable age cellular telephony gis data created fly.possible certain networked advocacy efforts could make easier states control populations previously illegible. |
Networked advocacy | occurs unclear whether efforts leave given population better previously.scott warns tragic state episodes recent history originates genuine desire improve human condition.tragic state episodes begin authoritarian state implementing policies reflecting high modernist ideals amidst weak civil society.scott categorically opposed high modernism legibility warns false perception human knowledge social engineering dangerous combination.result negative implications legibility thoroughly considered contemplating networked advocacy plans even wellintentioned.anonymity data one area concern deserves special attention. |
Networked advocacy | states seek impose scientific beliefs methods making populations legible mean icts whose purpose lower cost collaboration information prior literature discussed shown digital technologies platforms leveraged collective social benefits hold states accountable provide modalities governance areas state seemingly exists.icts ability play different role examined backdrop james scott population legibility one aims control repression rather liberation collaboration.raises possibility state use icts purposes enslaving quite opposite liberating.one problems state initiated standardization even done best intentions robs community ability resist state imposition control even total authoritarian repression.another problem arises case digital abundant information environment controls data state also total monopoly information environment control manipulation day age become easy pressing button wiretapping phone call locating political dissidents within mere feet physical location represented gis map. |
Networked advocacy | scott states technologies capabilities available enhance legibility society rulers become vastly sophisticated political motives driving changed little appropriation control manipulation remain prominent .if overarching concern states political economic theologic regime selfpreservation icts discussed prior hands dictator authoritarian ruler powerful tool quashing sort challenges.however bring interesting point states adopt implement icts order make populations legible control manipulate opponents kind cycle create moment lets imagine hypothetical situationactivist either living repressive authoritarian regime state political institution.order circumvent controls monitoring state activist takes digitally enabled icts platforms facebook twitter etc.order communicate collaborate much lower costs possibly without fear outed state.sensing experiencing collaboration collective action part partial full segment population state leverages icts order track monitor dissidents ensure monopoly control data generally secure selfpreservation regime. |
Networked advocacy | noting particular platforms icts longer available means bringing redress state activist response look newer icts platforms unbeknownst state abandon hope using electronic networks icts look assistance mold keck sikkinks ‘boomerang model’ icts longer leveraged controlled monitored owned state left activists’ arsenal would seem would revert either traditional repertoires contention tarrow boomerang throwing keck sikkink combination both.would appear sides caught vicious cycle either regime state changes collapses gives stuck.way state actually controls icts governance truly brought areas limited statehood effective holding states accountable transparent maybe leaving james scott sum best legibility society provides capacity largescale social engineering highmodernist ideology provides desire authoritarian state provides determination act desire incapacitated civil society provides leveled social terrain build .one thing seems pertinent scotts discussion high modernism relates icts advocacy efforts focus scientific progress idea measurement represents improvement society consistently pursue highest version progress.seems actual purpose legibility role icts bringing legibility areas limited statehood.using best humanity offer terms technological development organize people provide services absent considered best structures so. |
Networked advocacy | yes scotts work points progress coopted individuals states bad intentions put limitations progress beneficial.literature livingston walterdrop provide testimony certain populations world exposed public health services icts direct result technical progress society.the work done theorists risse lehmkuhl livingston walterdrop paints somewhat optimistic picture power information communication technologies areas limited statehood global south amazon guatemala case studies illustrate technologys ability empower disenfranchised isolated populations improve situations gain crucial insights.end spectrum scotts work suggests advancements science technology potential detrimental populations authoritative states unrelenting faith science technology impose designs based mentality groups incapable resisting designs.activists advocacy researchers may need explore whether technological advancements ever purely beneficial populations whether potential governments impose tools populations leverage technology police control oppress outweighs potential benefits.seems scott comprehensive satisfying answer dilemma conclusion book. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | cites several examples states implementing technically masterful designs replete standards scientific support societies fail due lack consideration people living societies often useful mētis situated local knowledge.observations denounce high modernism science rather serve reminder states importance avoiding imperialism implementing knowledgebased designs.scotts work seemingly pessimistic face imparts important advice activists working technology stresses importance diversity planning knowledge sharing empowering institution take much shape evolving mētis people enhance range experience skills.referencesspike vampire played various roles shows including villain antihero trickster romantic interest.marsters role spike began career science fiction television becoming obvious goto guy us cult television.creator whedon spike fully developed characters.character intended brief villain whedon originally adamant another major romantic vampire character like angel.marsters says spike supposed dirty evil punk rock dead. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | however character ended staying second season returning fourth replace cordelia character told buffy stupid die.within series narrative william unsuccessful aspiring poet victorian era mocked called william bloody bloody awful poetry.sired vampire drusilla juliet landau william became unusually passionate romantic vampire violent ready battle cruel companions.alongside drusilla darla julie benz angelus david boreanaz giles thinks william acquired nickname spike preferred method torturing people railroad spikes revealed poetry bad could stick railroad spike head.noted killing two vampire slayers one china boxer rebellion nicki wood new york spike acquired trademark leather duster.second season series spike comes sunnydale hoping kill third slayer buffy summers sarah michelle gellar later forges uneasy alliance. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | course buffy spike falls love slayer reacquires soul prove buffy dies hero shows series finale.subsequently resurrected first episode fifth season spinoff series angel.considered breakout character spike proved immensely popular fans buffy.character appears substantially expanded universe materials comic books tiein novels.following cancellation angel whedon considered creating spike film spinoff.canonically character appears issues comic books buffy vampire slayer season eight – angel fall – buffy vampire slayer season nine angel faith – several spike limited series spinning buffy angel. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | currently character canonical comic buffy vampire slayer season eleven – buffy vampire slayer season twelve .appearances television early history spikes story appears sunnydale unfolds flashbacks scattered sequence among numerous episodes buffy vampire slayer angel.first flashback occurs buffy season fool love reveals william fact meek effete young man aristocratic background aspiring poet lived london mother anne.anne would often sing folksong early one morning son right time turned vampire.williams surname given pratt noncanon comic old times written label jar blood comic spike asylum . |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | surname became official publication canon comic buffy vampire slayer season buffy calls it.name william pratt may allude horror actor boris karloff whose birth name william henry pratt also understood british slang term prat describing person arrogant stupidity.spike one youngest recurring vampires show though evidence age contradictory concept character evolved time.introduced school hard season giles read barely implying either born sired slightly earlier.initiative season said thus born sired .flashbacks fool love season show spike sired adult . |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | assuming early mid sired spike would series.comic spike asylum spikes jar blood label giving assumed human birth date years sired.in william struggling poet often mocked peers called william bloody behind back poetry bloody awful.true origins nickname revealed three years first mentioned season believed purely violent connotations.william showed strong capacity loyalty devoted love remained siring.romantic overtures rejected aristocratic cecily william wandered streets despondently bumped drusilla. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | consoled drained blood made drink blood thus transforming vampire – siring jargon series.spikes grandsire angelus became mentor leading spike occasionally describe loosely sire drusilla sired made monster.whereas new vampires buffyverse often delight killing families become evil william notable exception.always close mother turned vampire save tuberculosis.mother vampire taunted william insinuated always sexual fascination her. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | william chose stake found could bear see mother behaving like soulless vampire made her.like vampires lacked unusual capacity softer human emotions like love compassion.after staking mother william began new life drusilla utterly devoted.euphoric newfound vampiric abilities adopted poses trappings cultural rebel affecting working class east london accent embracing impulsiveness extreme violence.adopted nom de guerre spike based habit torturing people railroad spikes – possibly prompted criticism poetry id rather railroad spike head listen awful stuff.weight world spike mentions spent better part century delinquency suggesting criminal activities killing blood. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | company drusilla angelus darla spike terrorized europe asia almost two decades.strained relationship drusillas sire angelus continued sexual relationship despite spikes strong disapproval.although angelus enjoy company another male vampire travels found spikes recklessness lust battle unnecessary risks.angelus regarded killing art sport killed sheer act evil spike amusement rush.in spike angelus developed rivalry enigmatic immortal later spike sent prison tax evasion.spike killed xin rong chinese slayer china boxer rebellion. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | captured nazis experimentation taken aboard submarine briefly reunited angel.spike reunited drusilla traveled italy.point spike also became rivals famous vampire dracula.enmity spike dracula explored comic series spike vs. dracula mutual hatred caused spike along darla drusilla slaughtered romani gypsy tribe cursed patriarch angelus soul although unclear either spike drusilla knew precisely darla angry tribe.clan unknown spike favored dracula sought revenge deaths. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | spike later mentions conversation riley finn dracula poncy bugger owes £ one thing dracula tossed spikes signed copy bram stokers dracula fire .spike also notes draculas fame done damage vampires slayer since made weaknesses widely known.spike attended woodstock whereupon accidentally became high ingesting blood hippie claims spent six hours following incident watching hand move.fought killed second slayer nikki wood aboard subway train new york city taking black leather duster wears throughout appearances buffy angel destroyed explosion season angel whereupon gets new one looks exactly like old one girl question.point post billy idol allegedly stole spikes look made famous revealed season ’s sleeper see appearance spikes thoughts unrecorded. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | inasmuch buffy knew theft sleeper spike presumably shared detail undepicted moment.spikes flashback appearances chronological order includelies parents told nd flashback england william prespike tends ailing mother anne.fool love st flashback darla rd flashback william rejected cecily sired drusilla immediately falls love.lies parents told rd th flashbacks william sires mother anne vampire turns forcing destroy her.destiny series flashbacks drusilla introduces william sire angelus.although two become fast friends later clash william discovers angelus making love drusilla.angelus informing william one vampire take want want nothing fights william first time.fool love nd flashback months sired william called spike acts public mayhem forced angelus vampire group spike drusilla angelus sireparamour darla flee london spike first learns existence vampire slayer.the girl question st flashback spike angelus imprisoned mysterious immortal seduces drusilla darla absence.darla th flashback romania spike drusilla darlas orders attack kalderash tribe ensouled angelus later called angel.following incident angel parts company group three vampires resume travels without him.fool love rd flashback darla th flashback china spike kills chinese vampire slayer.angel still ensouled briefly reunites group spike drusilla neither seem aware angel ensouled boast spikes deed angel pretends impressed actually disgusted. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | darla ultimately rejects angel longer bring kill innocents angel leaves group.precisely spike drusilla make developments elders unrevealed.point next decades spike drusilla part company darla spikes reputation bloodshed chaos eventually rivals even angelus.why fight series flashbacks spike temporarily adventuring without drusilla two vampires abducted nazi agents onto nazi sub.angel working us government helps spike seize control sub two escape part ways.far known spike angels last meeting prior events school hard .the girl question nd flashback spike drusilla visit italy.lies parents told st flashback new york spike fights vampire slayer nikki wood young son robin watches hiding place.fool love th flashback new york spike fights nikki wood killing her. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | spikes last depicted activities preceding arrival sunnydale california.sunnydale spike first arrives sunnydale season buffy vampire slayer episode school hard accompanied drusilla.spike dru modeled sid vicious nancy spungen punk badass vampires contrast sharply ceremonial tradition master order aurelius season .spike fact fan sid vicious band sex pistols punk band ramones.final scene episode lovers walk seen singing cover way gary oldman portrayed vicious film sid nancy. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | spikes first act sunnydale attack buffy large group people school making first appearance deadliest buffys big bads nearly kills buffy buffys mother distracts spike long enough buffy recover.throughout season spike dru canons prominent example affection vampires displaying humanity intricacies vampire relationships.spike initially conceived disposable villain killed proved popular fans joss whedon decided merely injure instead episode whats line part two spike crushed collapsing pipe organ left paralyzed.later revealed spikes injuries healed deceiving everyone remaining wheelchair feigning injury.spike drusilla major enemies buffy much second season.arrive shortly drusilla seriously weakened angry mob prague recounted canon comic book problem vampires. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | spike devoted caretaker drusilla weakened condition initially hopes hellmouths energy help restore strength.reunites angel seems genuinely pleased see disgusted find angel soul whether spike fact knew angels acquisition soul left group nearly century never made clear love current slayer buffy summers.angel loses soul rejoins spike dru spikes initial celebration soon turns resentment angelus starts pursuing drusilla lover taunting him.spike decides ally buffy angelus explains buffy addition wanting drusilla back also wants save worldwe like talk big vampires do.im going destroy world. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | thats tough guy talk.strutting around friends pint blood.truth like world.youve got – dog racing manchester united youve got people billions people walking around like happy meals legs.right here. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | someone comes along vision real passion destruction.angel could pull off.goodbye piccadilly farewell leicester bloody square.– spike becoming part two.spike reappears season episode lovers walk drunken depression drusilla offended alliance buffy dumps chaos demon.kidnaps willow xander forces willow conduct love spell make drusilla love even coercing buffy angel help exchange safe return friends. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | excitement brawl mayors vampires helps see drusilla left begun go soft resolves win back torturing likes tells buffy find willow xander.also tells buffy angel never friends love one another.insight foreshadows spikes later role truthseer group.spike returns sunnydale alone season episode harsh light day briefly living harmony kendall shallow former classmate buffy vampire.sunnydale look gem amarra ring makes vampire effectively invulnerable.finds attacks buffy daylight wrests ring finger sends angel. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | spike goes los angeles hires vampire named marcus torture angel order get ring marcus takes ring angel finally destroys it.after captured initiative implanted cerebral microchip punishes debilitating pain whenever harms attempts harm nondemon life forms initially assumes works anything living spike turns scooby gang protection bartering knowledge initiative.though still spars buffy provided real intent harming inability bite comically compared impotence much spikes constant humiliation doomed attempts commit suicide staking xanders house stopped willow xander.eventually inadvertently discovers harm demons enthusiastically joins fight knowledge showing hes less concerned side hes fighting fighting thrill it.occasionally helping scooby gang providing information andor combat assistance exchange cash joy fighting qualms betraying enemies faith adam.season spike introduced fill antagonistic role cordelia seasons joss whedon explains dvd featurette characters got point loving hugging sort like wheres cordelia spike appeared every episode thereafter exception body.in season erotic dreams spike becomes aware horror fallen love buffy. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | becomes active participant scooby gang jumping several buffys fights provide assistance whether wants not.buffy rejects advances spike attempts prove love kidnapping witness killing drusilla little avail disgust buffy uninvites house something bothered almost three years since alliance angelus alienates group.spike warren mears make robot buffys likeness programmed love obey him.though buffy disgusted hostility towards fades considerably learns spike refused even intense torture reveal identity key glory nearly laying life protect buffys sister dawn.buffy moved unexpected loyalty kisses saying forget done.days hours leading final showdown glory spike fights buffys side earning trust reinvitation house. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | spike displays unabashed grief buffy dies showdown glory spike honors memory remaining loyal scoobies fighting side serving role babysitter older brother protector dawn helping willow tara raise buffys absence.after buffy resurrected beginning season despondent detached friends.time relationship spike deepens able talk things feels cannot share scooby gang.gets drunk spike calls neutered vampire cheats kitten poker.demons spell makes express emotions song buffy sings want fire back buffy spike begin physical relationship consummated two episodes later.relationship frequently violent buffy often initiating violence sex violence made easier spike finds side effect willows resurrection spell chip stop harming buffy. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | buffy threatens kill spike ever tells anyone relationship.unsatisfied buffy ashamed dark desires spike obsessively craves love trust affection unwilling give.buffy tells spike using ends relationship.believing still chance buffy seeing reactions jealousy hurt drunk sexual encounter anya spike corners makes aggressive sexual advances.refuses grows desperate attacks nearly raping process—though buffy manages kick long enough realize stop himself. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | simultaneously horrified actions angry status somewhere man monster spike leaves sunnydale soon after.makes way remote area africa seeks legendary demon shaman undergoes demon trials series gruelling physical challenges return wish.proven worthiness surviving trials spike granted wish revealed soul restored.in season reensouled spike must cope guilt past actions try win back buffys trust.influence first evils hypnotic trigger spike unknowingly starts killing again.upon discovering done begs buffy stake refuses takes house telling seen change. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | buffy guards cares spike throughout recovery telling spike believes statement later sustains throughout imprisonment torture hands first.spikes chip begins malfunction causing intense pain threatening kill buffy trusts enough order initiative operatives remove head.nikki woods son robin tries kill spike unwittingly frees spike hypnotic trigger song early one morning favorite mother evokes spikes traumatic memories mothers abusive behavior toward turned spike able address issues realizes mother always loved knowledge frees firsts control.later season spike buffy achieve emotional closeness alone stays loyal scoobies potentials mutiny words encouragement give depressed buffy strength continue fighting.spend three nights together one spike describes best night life holding her.unclear whether resume sexual intimacy third night creator joss whedon says dvd commentary chosen intentionally left viewers decide felt relationship progressed. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | final battle inside hellmouth spike wearing mystical amulet sacrifices destroy turokhan close hellmouth.slowly incinerated process buffy tells love you.replies dont thanks saying it.even burns crumbles dust spike laughs revels destruction around burning presence soul glad able see fight end.dying save world becomes champion.now listen me. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | ive alive bit longer you.dead lot longer that.ive seen things couldnt imagine – done things id prefer didnt.dont exactly reputation thinker.follow blood. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | doesnt exactly rush direction brain.ive made lot mistakes.lot wrong bloody calls.hundred plus years theres one thing ive ever sure of.you. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | – spike touched.los angeles spike previously appeared season episode angel dark spike goes los angeles time oz arrives give angel gem amarra spikes objective get ring kill angel.oz gives angel ring hides sewer leave another case ambushed spike hits wooden plank angel defeats spike spike warns get ring one way another.angel takes precaution goes manhunt spike angel finally finds chases alley corners fall spikes trap.spike captures angel hires vampire named marcus torture angel tells ring is. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | spike gets bored waiting goes angels apartment find ring leaving marcus torture angel gets apartment find cordelia doyle aiming weapons demanding know angel is.spike reveals angels location tells way release angel find ring.cordelia doyle find ring sewer head straight spike.arrive location find spike lied releasing angel.taking precautions however throw ring away spike retrieve oz bursts wall van rescues angel. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | spike looks ring finds marcus took it.spike begins smashing marcuss things shouting going work alone hole ceiling lets sunlight sets back hair fire.despite apparent death end buffys final season spike returns fifth final season spinoff series angel.resurrected amulet los angeles branch supernatural law firm wolfram hart spends seven episodes incorporeal akin ghost starts understand one battles reaper matthias pavayne.time realizes slowly pulled hell.later becomes corporeal due mysterious gift arrives office wolfram hart. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | spike takes angel prove one champion spoken shanshu prophecy.spike defeats angel prophecy remains ambiguous cup torment revealed fake containing mountain dew.manipulated lindsey mcdonald helping helpless spike becomes sort rival angel resembling heroic champion angel earlier seasons becoming disillusioned corrupted bureaucracy wolfram hart.soon afterward kidnapped psychotic slayer dana believes responsible kidnapping torturing child.cordelia comments strange turn events coming coma youre welcome exclaiming angel okay spikes hero youre ceo hell incorporated. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | freaking bizarro world wake inwhen fred killed illyria spike mourns death decides join team angel honor.upon learning buffy dating immortal spike angel travel rome pretext business spend time trying find buffy.end fail catch her.blonde glimpsed rome later revealed decoy buffy set andrew wells researched history angel spike immortal thought idea would hilarious.final episodes angel spike first vote angels plan wound senior partners massacring circle black thorn. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | spends might last hours earth returning mortal roots frustrated poet triumphantly knocking dead figuratively open mic poetry slam bar.singlehandedly literally held baby one hand sword rescuing infant destroying fell brethren spike joins angel illyria badly wounded charles gunn alley behind hyperion series draws end preparing incur apocalyptic wrath senior partners way going blaze glory probably cost lives.literature spike appears significantly number canonical expanded universe literature concurrent subsequent television series including buffy angel comic books.many novels comic books concern spikes backstory periods events shown flashbacks television series.dark horse comics idw publishing began telling canonical continuations buffy angel respectively. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | marsters wrote miniseries spike dru .collection also featured christopher golden stories queen hearts alls fair paint town red made set around episodes buffy seasons made set buffy episode lovers walk depicts disintegration relationship drusilla together brazil.buffy finished spike appeared comic story canonical tales vampires series.written series writer drew goddard problem vampires establishes adventures prague prior introduction buffy episode school hard.christopher goldens novel spike dru pretty maids row depicts spike killing slayer named sophie contradicting two slayers spike later established killed second slayer spike killed established new yorker nikki wood. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | short story voodoo lounge collection tales slayer sequel novel.goldens novel blackout truer series chronology depicting spikes fatal encounter slayer nikki wood .diana g. gallaghers novel spark burn depicts struggling earlyseason spike remembering account life amounting chronological character history spikes life th century time framing device.spikecentric stories however published subsequent angels finale episode.idw comic book spike old times peter david depicts spikes encounter vengeance demon halfrek explaining recognition buffy episode older far away clarifying fact beloved cecily. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | mutant enemy approved story even though idw rights buffyonly character like halfrek importance spikes backstory condition storys timing deliberately ambiguous.following angels cancellation spike immediately appeared angel miniseries spike vs. dracula peter david sequel buffy episode buffy vs. dracula expanding characters centuryold rivalry established episode.scott tiptons comic spike old wounds detective fiction set season also features allusions spikes activities late s. tiptons spike lost found season story acts sequel buffyangel crossover episodes harsh light day dark featuring immortalitybestowing gem amarra los angeles.lastly writer brian lynch teamed franco urru produce story arc spike asylum – depicting spikes stay supernatural medical facility.although originally ambiguous relationship canon characters introduced would reappear canonical angel comic books come later. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | whedon appreciated lynchs writing spike asylum much commissioned cowrite canonical continuation series angel fall .lynch urru also penned spike shadow puppets featuring spike lorne battle muppet demons angel episode smile time japan.explicitly canonical whedon stories spike angel first appear joint cameo buffy vampire slayer season eight dark horse part buffys sexual fantasies.dark horse presents season eight tiein always darkest spike angel appear dream sequence buffys side fighting caleb dismay two start flirting kissing one another.spike appears season eight properly conclusion twilight story arc. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | lynchs spike series features collaboration whedon connect idw dark horse series continuities.idw planned launch series bona fide ongoing series establishes support cast spike suited position headlining title.transfer angel rights idw dark horse necessitated end instead issue miniseries.in idws angel fall spike appear second issue written brian lynch art franco urru creative team spike asylum spike shadow puppets plotting executive production whedon himself.angel fall spike adjusted los angeles new status literal hell earth illyria serve together demon lords beverly hills living playboy mansion death hugh hefner served harem human demon females known collectively spikettes.spike illyria got lords los angeles detailed spike fall miniseries also introduces human friend spike jeremy johns. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | new capacity spike illyria secretly rescue humans benevolent demons evacuating care connor nina ash gwen raiden.spike rallies alongside angel demon lords.vampire gunn causes illyria revert monster form memories fred spike wesley transplanted restore humanity.senior partners revert time fall spike begins loosely affiliated relationship reformed angel investigations company collaborating angel associates maintaining independence.spike continues appear ongoing angel spinoff series idw pens kelley armstrong bill willingham others. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | part fall franchise idw also published bill williams miniseries spike devil know follows spikes journey los angeles las vegas acquires spaceship crew alien bugs learning wolfram hart prophecy concerning impending apocalypse featured buffy driven abandon dimension.spikes idw series feeds twilight last gleaming arcs buffy season eight concluding series .season eight spike crew come buffys aid help prevent end universe.due research prophecies concerning apocalypse spike able lead buffy friends site final showdown twilight.buffys decision sees world lose magic spike one emphatically supportive decision make.followup series season nine – spike bases ship san francisco near buffy eventually leaves due complicatedness relationship setting miniseries spike dark place follows spike insectoid crew aboard spaceship. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | dark horse also gives spike title new stylised logo distinct angeltypeface logo used prior.arc serves divest spike ship crew sets crossover stint angel faith ahead eventual return main buffy series.issues angel faith spike helps angel defeat demon possession giles soul leaves london based without hesitation learns dawn gravely unwell back san francisco.returns san francisco provide comfort dawn rapidly fading away without magic world sustain form.however memories start quickly fade recordings makes talking turn static. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | spike appears unconcerned missed chance talk buffy along willow xander gone find magic save dawn deeper well england.nobody remember name buffys sister phones boyfriend xander also warns rogue slayer simone doffler seeking way become ultimate vampire.others return dawn restored buffy thanks staying sister spike says matters dawn safe again.spike continues appear season buffy finally resume romantic relationship juggling responsibility rewriting new rules magic rest scoobies.season alongside willow buffy enter demon internment camp uncover government plot drain worlds magic. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | final fight white house press secretary johanna wise spearheaded conspiracy buffy sustain serious magical burns–though nearly fully recovered soon due augmented supernatural healing abilities.final issue tell love kiss.characterization personality human williams core personality traits passion loyalty though heavily sublimated conventions victorian england.product time channelled attributes conventional pursuits nurturing unrequited romance active scholarly life care ill mother.highly creative imaginative william devoted considerable time study reflection literary arts particularly romantic poetry. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | fervent aspiration achieve recognition acceptance peers romantic interests literary community pervasive fear rejection held back taking risks contemporaries regarded timid object ridicule.upon becoming vampire newfound romance drusilla acceptance new peer group angel darla mixed radical changes physiology particularly physical strength completely dissolved fears experience considered profound.sudden erosion societal emotional barriers created dramatic shifts attitude behaviors allowing craft entirely new persona enthusiastic point recklessness fearless confrontation reveled power flaunt laws traditional morality.william embraced lifestyle longer felt name appropriate instead adopting moniker spike infamy grew torturing victims railroad spikes words die really felt alive.spike also rare among vampires fear slayers seeks killed two time arrives sunnydale.spike highly perceptive emotionally intelligent vampire starkly contrasts raucous devilmaycare attitude.soulless vampire core personality remained intact less inhibited exhibiting capacity passion deep affection loyalty aesthetic appreciation. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | later securing return soul conscience returned without old inhibitions leaving love good brawl unapologetically intact.similarly spikes intense zest life passion art love life devotion specific people remains consistent.quick wit one characters hallmarks spike enjoys verbal sparring much physical fighting appearances habit pithy remarks glib insults even toward view antagonists.among favorite targets angel xander giles lesser extent buffy – season episode gift giles leaving fight glory wryly paraphrases giles quotation shakespeares henry v band brothers speech band buggered.joss whedon credits antipathy convinced episode lovers walk bring spike back cast regular.james marsters put supposed one stood side said buffy youre stupid gonna die.spike often nicknames people insults terms endearment example calls dawn little bit niblet. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | spikes classical romanticism also manifests frequent references poetry songs literature occasion even waxes poetic nature love life unlife driven blood reasoning blood powerful supernatural force separates living dead.frequently power spikes passions override physical limitations.pain tolerance particular exceptionally high due willingness disregard physical discomfort favor goals interpersonal attachments general defiance limitation.notably glory tortures reveal identity key defies insults every opportunity privately later reveals confidence would rather die see buffy hurt.terms defiant nature often treats vulnerability sun simply annoying inconvenience.drives broad daylight vehicles blackedout windows often listening punk rock several occasions travels outside day using blanket cover.since becoming vampire spikes core personality trait loyalty occasionally odds resentment controlled. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | prefers seem rebel kind authority recognizes devotion allowed others manipulate times put selfimposed limits sake others.extreme example angel able manipulate spikes allegiance based attachment drusilla less extreme example often modifies crass tendencies around dawn keep disappointing buffy though ceases around.like many characters series spike battled depression times however less tendency towards selfpity psychological character trait reaction new limitations.chipped initiative spikes inability act violence put odds desire resist control authority became sullen pain inflicted chip simply powerful resist.upon realizing could still battle kill demons supernatural creatures confidence immediately returned.later spikes greatest internal conflict arose due simultaneously wanting kill slayer buffy due authority position one thing vampires fear discovering sexually romantically attracted buffy person. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | recognizing affection gave power caused great deal selfdoubt seeing means reconcile dissonance chose instead rebel vampire nature eventually seek reensouled purify passions.appearance spike punk look strongly resembles english rock musician billy idol humorously buffy claims billy idol fact stole look spike.hair peroxide blond duration time buffy angel although flashbacks seen natural medium brown state well dyed black.nails often painted black.bouncer asked seen spike yeah yeah know guy.billy idol wannabebuffy actually billy idol stole look never mind.a yshaped scar marsterss left eyebrow received mugging worked show makeup artist todd mcintosh decided shave eyebrow order make prominent. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | also included scar spikes vamp face prosthesis albeit slightly altered though skin stretched.spikes first appearances wound still looks fresh gradually fades angel season barely visible.flashback fool love reveals spike received scar sword first slayer killed .spike usually wears long black leather coats including one took nazi officer another took trophy nikki wood second slayer killed.wore slayers black duster twentyfive years.coat destroyed bomb immortal italy spike heartbrokenly declared irreplaceable italian branch wolfram hart quickly supplied whole wardrobe new ones nearly identical happily began wearing. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | trademark look includes leather duster black tshirt vneck shirt black denim pants usually heavy boots doc martens.also wore red longsleeved shirt fairly often particularly earlier seasons buffy bright blue shirt early season .explained shirt supposed show buffy changed give confidence first messing head want buffy think still evil crazy.later returned trademark look commenting back.powers abilities addition possessing common powers weaknesses vampires spikes age experience makes highly effective skilled versatile fighter armed unarmed combat. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | example able briefly overcome illyria testing abilities prior powers greatly reduced wesley.illyria criticizes others ability adapt calling compromise.able withstand excessive amounts pain extended periods time particularly properly motivated seen episodes intervention showtime.skilled sadistic angelus spike also proves effective torture noting gained screams various fluids name doctor sparrow.much like angel highly proficient various forms martial arts typical fighting style blends karate kung fu others.spike often displays insight skills perception observation especially regard relationships personalities long relationship question concern personally. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | ability allows wield powerful psychological weapons easily effectively physical ones.example wants create disharmony among scoobies spike dividesandconquers yoko factor exploiting tensions exist surface alienate buffy friends other.spikes skills analysis allowed realize willow barely holding together ozs departure even though giles buffy thought better first see taras abusive controlling family forced buffy angel admit friends identify relationships buffy riley meant last masterfully feeding rileys insecurities effort sabotage relationship buffy spike pursue her.also predicted willow would go fighting glory tara even though buffy believed talked willow suicidal attempt would glory hurt people loved.his analytical skills intuitive insight also help battle time time helping defeat hold formidable adversaries.example explains buffy able defeat two slayers sensed exploited secret desires free burden. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | time bomb identifies illyrias fighting style tae kwon dobrazilian capoeira ninjitsu hybrid.while many vampires cling mannerisms speech patterns prevalent time sired spike shown easily adjust changing fashions styles decades displays impressive knowledge british american popular culture demonstrating another aspect potential analysis adaptability.although capable developing sound battle strategies spike particularly days receiving chip reensouled often loses patience anything complicated outright attack mentioned episode dark.spike plan.angel planspike yeah good plan.smart.carefully laid out.got bored.he also impatient fight slayer upon initial arrival sunnydale attack supposed coincide night st. vigeous vampires natural abilities enhanced couldnt wait go slayer recklessly leads mass assault buffy sunnydale high fails results deaths many aurelian vampires. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | however spike exercise patience throughout later half season buffy used wheelchair several months brutal battle scoobies episode whats line left paraplegic.feigning weakness endured torturous weeks watching angelus sexually pursue dru waited right time strike enemy.spikes vampire constitution provides extremely high tolerance alcohol regularly consumes copious quantities.experience crime gives skill picking locks hotwiring cars picking pockets.also capable easily operating various vehicles various cars honda cbt motorcycle bargaining part winnebago spiral.also shown using video game systems computer treating injuries playing poker pool. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | spike also seen speakingunderstanding latin luganda language uganda meets demon shaman language fyarl demons two employed muscle presunnydale days.also shown capable recognizing literature last episode season five paraphrases line st. crispins day speech conversation giles buffy tells plan attack glory.when spike transformed ghostlike intangible state following destruction sunnydale hellmouth subsequent materialization wolfram hart capable walking solid objects.initially unable make contact objects around learned focus abilities desire allowing make brief contact people things concentrated enough.ability relatively useless fight unable pick wooden bar hit demon tezcatcatl cautionary tale numero cinco required moments properly punch cyborg strangling gunn lineage.naturally lost capabilities recorporealized lindsey. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | unproduced spinoff movie joss whedon set plans spike movie.film ever greenlit would star james marsters alyson hannigan amy acker.convention acker stated film going ahead due money issues.reception spike placed first sfx magazines top vampires television movies list.list featured rival angel third place. |
Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) | spike described antihero true sense word spike morally ambiguous ready fight pretty much anyone fun.underneath loves deeply earnestly way remains achingly human.although ironically personality remains pretty much whether soul – stark entertaining contrast angel.buffyverse vampires appear list included drusilla th place darla th place vampire willow nd place harmony kendall st place master th place.spike also featured forbes magazines hollywoods powerful vampires list along angel.for role james marsters saturn award best supporting actor tv series nominated award .in spike tv guide award scariest villain.in spike made list villains love hate last years th anniversary syfy.references external links http |
History of Shanghai | originally small agricultural village shanghai developed late qing dynasty – one chinas principal trading ports.although nominally part china practice foreign diplomats controlled city policy extraterritoriality.since economic reforms early city burgeoned become one asias major financial centers worlds busiest container port.early era around bce western part shanghai region encompassing todays qingpu songjiang jinshan districts dry land formed lacustrine silting ancient lake tai.modern jiading minhang fengxian districts emerged around bc downtown area remained underwater.the earliest neolithic settlements known area date majiabang culture – bce. |
History of Shanghai | overlapped songze culture around – bce.lower stratum songze excavation site modernday qingpu district archaeologists found prone skeleton one shanghais earliest inhabitants—a yearold male almost complete skull dated majiabang era.by th th centuries ce eastern jin dynasty – thriving fishing industry developed along song river—now known suzhou creek—a tributary huangpu river.located miles km yangtze river estuary chinas largest inland waterway creek time known hu 沪 character represents fishing trap number river.character hu still used abbreviation denote city example car license plates.qinglong zhen 青龙镇 芊龍鎮 garrison green dragon first garrison area founded tang dynasty – qingpu district shanghai. |
History of Shanghai | five years later huating zhèn 花亭镇 華亭镇 garrison flower temple followed demonstrating growth region increasing political geographical importance.in emperor shenzong song established marine office goods control bureau northwest huating zhen approximate location shanghais old city adjacent ditch pu 浦 ran north suzhou creek allowed loading unloading freight.later areas proximity hangzhou capital southern song dynasty proved beneficial.along commercial activities qinglong zhen became military naval base early th century superintendent foreign trade established settlement supervise trade tax collections across five counties.result flourishing prosperous town earn sobriquet little hangzhou.according official government sources shanghai first became city yuan dynasty –.time five huating zhens villages amalgamated form new shanghai county 上海县 上海縣 shànghǎi xiàn site modern city centre.new settlement population many engaged shipping trade. |
History of Shanghai | ming dynasty early th century shanghai become important enough ming dynasty engineers begin dredging huangpu river also known shen.city wall built around old town nanshi defense depredations wokou japanese pirates.shanghai first contact jesuits shanghai scholarbureaucrat xu guangqi baptized jesuit priest matteo ricci.xu later bequeathed land shanghai todays xujiahui meaning xu family village catholic church.end ming dynasty shanghai become major cotton textile center population would soon reach . |
History of Shanghai | qing dynasty late qing dynasty shanghais economy began rival traditionally larger market suzhou.th early th centuries exports cotton silk fertilizer reached far polynesia persia.in east india company explored shanghai yangzi river potential trading center tea silk opium rebuffed local officials.chinese attempts prohibit opium trade china led first opium war united kingdom treaty nanjing concluded war british victory opened five treaty ports china british merchants including shanghai.similar treaties quickly signed western nations french american german merchants joined british counterparts establishing presence shanghai residing sovereign concessions subject chinese laws.british established concession americans hongkou north suzhou creek french set concession west old chinese city south british concession. |
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