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Project Gemini	flying gusmobile.air space magazine.washington d.c. smithsonian institution..retrieved .agle d.c. september a. riding titan ii.
Project Gemini	air space magazine.washington d.c. smithsonian institution..retrieved .burkey ronald .gemini spacecraft onboard computer obc.
Project Gemini	archived original .retrieved .dryden hugh march .footprints moon.national geographic magazine.washington d.c. national geographic society.
Project Gemini	–.retrieved .loff sarah .gemini stepping stone moon.gemini bridge moon.washington d.c. national aeronautics space administration.
Project Gemini	archived original .retrieved .reguly robert .canadians helped gemini go.toronto daily star.toronto.
OS X Mountain Lion	p. .project gemini —a chronology nasa report sp pdf formatgemini midprogram conference —including experiment results nasa report sp —manned spacecraft center —houston texas february – gemini summary conference nasa report sp —manned spacecraft center —houston texas february – external links nasa project gemini images videosnasa project gemini science siteproject gemini drawings technical diagramsgemini familiarization manuals pdf format.nasa history series publications many onlineproject gemini mcdonnell employee video interviews archival documents western historical manuscripts collection st. louis missourininth major release macos apple inc.s desktop server operating system macintosh computers.os x mountain lion released july purchase download apples mac app store part switch releasing os x versions online every year rather every two years so.named signify status refinement previous os x version lion apples stated aims developing mountain lion allow users easily manage synchronise content multiple apple devices make operating system familiar.the operating system gained new malwareblocking system gatekeeper integration apples online game center icloud services safari web browser updated version .ios notes reminders became full applications separate mail calendar ichat application replaced version ioss messages.mountain lion also added version ioss notification center groups updates different applications one place.
OS X Mountain Lion	integrated links allowing user rapidly transfer content twitter present operating system launch.facebook integration also planned unfinished launch date.released downloadable update later.os x mountain lion received positive reviews critics praising notification center messages speed improvements mac os x lion criticizing icloud unreliability game center lack games.mountain lion sold three million units first four days sold million units june making apples popular os x release.mountain lion last paid upgrade os x major release os x mavericks later free.
OS X Mountain Lion	apple later allowed free downloads os especially customers older longer officialy supported macintosh computers starting june .practice also applied predecessor mac os x lion.history os x mountain lion officially announced apple website february successor os x lion.achieved golden master status july .during apple worldwide developers conference keynote june apple announced near final release version mountain lion developers public version arriving july price tag us.€.
OS X Mountain Lion	europe £.uk .australia ￥ mainland china.third generation macbook pro revised macbook air ipad smart case thirdgeneration airport express announced keynote well.the specific release date july confirmed day july apple ceo tim cook part apples thirdquarter earnings announcement.released mac app store july sold million units first four days release.an update mountain lion version .. released august .
OS X Mountain Lion	resolved issues imessages migration assistant safari microsoft exchange server mail many applications.tests update revealed .. also improved battery life laptops albeit gaining back half battery life lost updating mountain lion.although .. improved battery life customers others continue complain reduced battery life constant drop battery health ultimately resulting service battery message.system requirements official system requirements os x .gb ram gb available storage os x .. snow leopard later following macsimac mid newer.
OS X Mountain Lion	late supported app called mlpostfactor v. used.macbook aluminum late polycarbonate early newermacbook pro midlate newermacbook air late newermac mini early newermac pro early newerxserve early .earliest models supporting airdrop late macbook pro late macbook air late macbook mid mac mini early mac pro airport extreme card.mac released except macbook supports airplay mirroring.power nap supported mid newer macbook air macbook pro retina display.the technical basis requirements incompatibility bit efi bit kernel extensions importantly drivers gpus shipped older macs.order prevent potentially incompatible systems installing .
OS X Mountain Lion	installer contains whitelist supported motherboard ids.users bypassed limitations .may run varying functionality officially unsupported computers.new changed features notification center notification center added operating system.provides overview alerts applications displays notifications user completes associated action rather requiring instant resolution.
OS X Mountain Lion	users may choose applications appear notification center handled.three types notifications banners alerts badges.banners displayed short period time upper right corner macs screen slide right.icon application displayed left side banner message application displayed right side.alerts banners disappear screen user takes action.
OS X Mountain Lion	badges red notification icons displayed applications icon.indicate number items available application.notification center accessed clicking icon right corner menu bar.open user click button tweet post status updates facebook view notifications sidebar pane.swiping reveal option disable notification center one day.many settings notification center customized notifications pane system preferences.
OS X Mountain Lion	application three ways display notifications none banners alerts.options toggle app icons sounds also available.users click drag app pane change order applications displayed within notification center.notes notes another transfer ios added.separate mail application support desktop notes added syncs along ios counterpart.
OS X Mountain Lion	created notes synced users apple devices icloud service.notes arranged folders pinned users desktop.application closed pinned note still remains.notes created three different default fonts noteworthy marker felt helvetica.users add custom fonts visiting show fonts menu.menu allows users change text size format lists choose alignment left center justify right assign writing direction indent text.
OS X Mountain Lion	attachments images hyperlinks also added note.attachments cannot viewed ios devices.messages messages instant messaging software application added mountain lion.announced february part os x mountain lion developer preview.starting release messages replaced ichat default os x instantmessaging client.
OS X Mountain Lion	free beta version messages available download mac os x lion apple website june .final version messages included release version os x mountain lion.as predecessor messages text messaging audio screensharing capabilities.messages also contains native video conversation support utilizing apples facetime video calling application possible.however retain video capabilities interfacing instant messaging clients.messages supports apples imessage free instant messaging service previously available devices running ios .
OS X Mountain Lion	also supports extensible messaging presence protocol xmpp shown application former name jabber aol instant messenger aim oscar protocol.also offers direct connection yahoo messenger google talk.game center game center application ios added os x mountain lion.online multiplayer socialgaming network allows users invite friends play game start multiplayer game matchmaking track achievements compare high scores leader board.points awarded players part game centers achievement tracking system.
OS X Mountain Lion	players earn points meeting specific ingame challenges.a player must establish apple id associate game center nickname.player option create apple id within game center already one.one nickname may associated apple id given time.player assigned profile game center.profile consists players nickname number game centercompatible games player owns number friends player number achievement points player optional photo playerdefined status.
OS X Mountain Lion	application updates os x mountain lion added updates many applications operating system.chess app supports game center.dashboard widgets managed ui similar launchpad.mail adds new vip feature save frequent contacts.preview app gets improved user interface.
OS X Mountain Lion	able fill forms pdf documents dont contain actual pdf form fields.reminders new todo list application separate calendar application syncs along ios counterpart.safari gets new release features new address bar combination address bar search field.address bar also reader button showing user text article without advertisements distraction.user website article button disabled.
OS X Mountain Lion	safari available download mac os x lion.time machine able rotating backups one storage medium.applications found mountain lion airport utilityapp storearchive utilityaudio midi setupautomatorbluetooth file exchangeboot camp assistantcalculatorcolorsync utilityconsolecontactsdictionarydigital color meterdisk utilitydvd playerfacetimefont bookgarageband may preinstalledgrabgrapherimovie may preinstalleditunesimage capturekeychain accesskeynote may preinstalledmessagesmigration assistantnotesnotification centernumbers may preinstalledpages may preinstalledphoto boothquicktime playerscript editorstickiessystem informationterminaltexteditvoiceover utility updates airplay mirroring added allows wireless mirroring macs screen apple tv.systemwide integration airplay audio transmission added.many new features chinese users including support baidu option safari search engine qq .com .com services mail contacts calendar youku tudou sina weibo integrated share sheets.
OS X Mountain Lion	dictation new mountain lion systemwide voice input mechanism requires broadband internet connection.facebook gained full integration following update late .features include singlesign integration notification center contacts share sheets.gatekeeper also new mountain lion antimalware feature based digital signatures mac app store.power nap allows flash storagebased macintoshes late macbook air later macbook pro retina display synchronize icloud reminders calendars photo stream notes mail find mac sleeping also allows mac download app store os x updates well make periodic time machine backups plugged sleeping.several new screensavers added.
OS X Mountain Lion	share sheets share button dialog box safari applications added.twitter integrated almost applications singlesign tweeting app tweet sheets tweeting photos links using multiple twitter accounts twitter notifications profile picture integration location services available.application updates automatically install mac app store.icloud library user interface ui integrated throughout operating systems includes new open save dialog boxes across builtin applications iwork thirdparty applications via application programming interface api.applications make use api support new user interface view manage documents cloud specific application used.documents renamed title bar.
OS X Mountain Lion	iwork documents automatically synchronize icloud.full screen ability every display.the dock received updated look emulating appearance aluminum metal surface much apples current hardware lineup sports.scroll bars widen mouse hovers them.finder displays progress bar size column copying file icons launchpad downloading mac app store.launchpad spotlight search finding applications.
OS X Mountain Lion	address book renamed contacts ical renamed calendar.dropped changed features mobileme replaced entirely icloud specifically system preferences options.rss support mail safari removed message shown suggest users search mac app store rss app.the software update service unified mac app store.the list updates installed past removed.the web sharing option removed system preferences.apache still included operating system enabled using thirdparty software.when x app opened users directed open source xquartz project instead.xgrid support removed including os x server edition.the display preferences status menu replaced airplay icon longer possible quickly switch resolutions without first opening preferences.the option menu bar display battery life using time longer offered.instead option display battery percentage.however battery time still viewed dropdown clicking battery icon.
OS X Mountain Lion	reception reception os x mountain lion generally positive users considering major improvement .lion.john siracusa ars technica said .corrected simplified ui changes made lion saying become .shouldve faster speeds features merit upgrade adding wed wait two years .
OS X Mountain Lion	next major release os x chances good worst missteps lion would landing doorsteps today.ill take .thanks.many reviewers found mountain lion far stable predecessor including jason snell macworld said told found mountain lion stable solid release.even prerelease builds far stable ive come expect os x betas leading wonder apples new annual schedule leading careful incremental updates fewer bugs rather great leaps nastier bugs.the general attitude towards mountain lion faster smoother including brian heater engadget said followingtaken whole features mark fairly aggressive bid fold best os x ios one product strategy first saw introduction mac app store snow leopard arrival launchpad last year lion.
OS X Mountain Lion	...that said seems time apple make bold new pronouncement desktop front.company appears resources invested mobile side theres question iphone ipad reinvigorated company making computing player scale one save perhaps jobs could predicted decade ago.still might hard os x users feel neglected many latest new features feel bit like ios handmedowns.apple rolls new operating system time next year hopefully well seeing different side mac os.mg siegler techcrunch said difference lion mountain lion comparable difference leopard snow leopard mountain lion adds many new features available lion.also praised application compatibility said updates needed add notification center features applications.
OS X Mountain Lion	jim dalrymple loop commented tens thousands words published wednesday mountain lion hits mac app store lets face really want know whether mountain lion worth upgrade.lets get way — yes definitely worth said .mountain lion bargain.david pogue new york times said mountain lion gentle thoughtful upgrade.new features really.
OS X Mountain Lion	youll use every day yes.while operating system general well received reviewers dissented viewpoint.jesus diaz gizmodo felt apple running ideas microsofts windows may outinnovate os x. apple also received criticism failing provide official upgrade pathway owners mac pro workstation computers.game center criticised aspect mountain lion.reviewers criticized service lack games available reliability issues lack integration ios games.scott stein cnet commented game centercompatible titles achievements leaderboard info...and potentially way playing crossplatform games.time post could find seven game center games featured mac app store game center becomes complete portal games mac true method crossplatform iosmac play im sure many people even bother checking out.
OS X Mountain Lion	matt clark maclife also commented developers dont develop applications game center likely doomed sit unnoticed hard drive.mountain lion sold million units first four days making apples successful os x release date.report chitika insights revealed os x mountain lion used .os x users within first hours release penetration first month.release history note combo updates include previous releases ex .... individual update smaller package size used currently using previous release ex .. ... see also history macoslist macintosh software references external links official website wayback machine archived october wwdc keynote wayback machine archived september
List of products based on FreeBSD	information products version freebsd based often difficult come since fact widely publicised.libre software hardware using libre software darwin – unixbased opensource foundation mac os xdesktopbsd – kdebased desktoporiented distributiondragonflybsd – freebsd independent forkfreesbie – live cdghostbsd – gtkbased distribution defaults xfce mate guiixsystems truenas storage appliances based freebsd .freenas – open source storage platformtrueos – discontinued freebsd distribution aimed server market previously desktop distribution.midnightbsd — gnustepbased independent fork freebsd desktops however installer graphicalmnwall – embedded firewall software packagenasfree – open source storage platformopnsense – open source free firewall fork pfsense successor mnwallpfsense – open source free network firewall distribution proprietary software hardware using proprietary software blue coat systems network appliancesborderware appliances firewall vpn antispam web filter etc.based freebsd kernelcheck point ipso security appliancescitrix systems netscaler application delivery software based freebsdcoyote point gxseries web acceleration load balancer appliancesdell compellent enterprise storage systems bit versionshalon smtp server .based freebsd .hobnob wirelesswanironport asyncos based freebsd kernelisilon systems onefs operating system used isilon iqseries clustered storage systemsjuniper networks junosjunos prior .based freebsd ..junos .
List of products based on FreeBSD	.inclusive based freebsd .junos .higher based freebsd .junos .based freebsd .junos .based freebsd junos .
Features new to Windows XP	based freebsd kace networkss kbox series appliances virtual kbox appliancelynx software technologies lynxos uses freebsds networking stackmcafee securos used e.g.firewall enterprise aka sidewindernetapp filers based data ontapnetflix open connect appliancesnintendos nintendo switch consumer gaming consoles.panasas parallel network storage systemspanasonic uses freebsd viera tv receiversqnaps qes operating systemsandvines network policy control productssilicon graphics international uses freebsd arcfiniti maid disk arrays formerly manufactured copan.sony computer entertainments playstation playstation playstation vita consumer gaming consoles.sophos email appliancespectra logic ntier verde backup appliancessymmetricom timing solutionsthe weather channels intellistar local forecast computerwhatsappxinuos openserver referencesuser interface appearance graphics introduction windows xp c based softwareonly gdi subsystem introduced replace certain gdi functions.gdi adds antialiased graphics textures floating point coordinates gradient shading complex path management bicubic filtering intrinsic support modern graphicsfile formats like jpeg png support composition affine transformations view pipeline.gdi uses argb values represent color.use features apparent windows xps user interface transparent desktop icon labels drop shadows icon labels desktop shadows menus translucent blue selection rectangle windows explorer sliding task panes taskbar buttons several applications microsoft paint windows picture fax viewer photo printing wizard pictures slideshow screensaver presence basic graphics layer greatly simplifies implementations vectorgraphics systems flash svg.gdi dynamic library shipped application used older versions windows.
Features new to Windows XP	total number gdi handles per session also raised windows xp configurable registry.windows xp shipped directx .brings major new features directx graphics besides directx audio directsound directmusic directplay directinput directshow.directd introduced programmability form vertex pixel shaders enabling developers write code without worrying superfluous hardware state fog bump mapping texture mapping.directx released also sees major revisions directd directsound directmusic directshow.directd added new version high level shader language support floatingpoint texture formats multiple render targets texture lookups vertex shader.
Features new to Windows XP	windows xp upgraded directx .c shader model .. cleartype windows xp includes cleartype subpixel rendering makes onscreen fonts smoother readable liquid crystal display lcd screens.although cleartype effect crt monitors primary use lcdtftbased laptop notebook modern flatscreen displays.cleartype windows xp currently supports rgb bgr sub pixel structures.parameters contrast set via cleartype tuner powertoy microsoft makes available free download typography website.start menu windows xp start button updated support fittss law.
Features new to Windows XP	help user access wider range common destinations easily single location start menu expanded two columns left column focuses users installed applications right column provides access users documents system links previously located desktop.links documents pictures special folders brought fore.computer network places network neighborhood windows icons also moved desktop start menu making easier access icons number applications open desktop remains clean.moreover links configured expand cascading menu.frequently used programs automatically displayed left column newly installed programs highlighted user may opt pin programs start menu always accessible without navigate programs folders.
Features new to Windows XP	default internet browser default email program pinned start menu.start menu fully customizable links added removed number frequently used programs display set.programs menu expands like classic start menu utilize entire screen set scroll programs.users name users account picture also shown start menu.taskbar taskbar buttons running applications quick launch also updated fitts law.
Features new to Windows XP	locking taskbar prevents accidentally resized moved elements quick launch deskbands also locked accidentally moved.taskbar grouping feature combines multiple buttons application single button clicked pops menu listing grouped windows number.advanced taskbar grouping options configured registry.user choose always show always hide hide notification area icons inactive time.button allows user reveal icons.
Features new to Windows XP	taskbar set thicker height also displays day date notification area.windows explorer significant changes made windows explorer windows xp visually functionally.microsoft focused especially making windows explorer discoverable taskbased well adding number features reflect growing use computer digital hub.task pane task pane displayed left side window instead traditional folder tree view navigation pane turned off.presents user list common actions destinations relevant current directory files selected.
Features new to Windows XP	instance directory containing mostly pictures set picture tasks shown offering options display pictures slide show print go online order prints.conversely folder containing music files would offer options play files media player go online purchase music.every folder also file folder tasks offering options create new folders share folder local network publish files folders web site using web publishing wizard common tasks like copying renaming moving deleting files folders.file types identified printable also option listed print file.underneath file folder tasks places always lists parent folder folder viewed includes additional links common locations computer control panel documents previously navigated locations.change depending folder user in.underneath places details area gives additional information file folder selected – typically file type file size date modified depending file type author image dimensions attributes details.file type thumbnail image handler installed preview also appears details task pane.
Features new to Windows XP	music files might show artist album title length song.information also shown horizontally status bar.navigation pane folders button windows explorer toolbar toggles traditional navigation pane containing tree view folders task pane.users also close navigation pane clicking close button right corner well turn task pane folder options.the navigation pane enhanced windows xp support simple folder view turned hides dotted lines connect folders subfolders makes folders browsable single click still keeping double clicking right pane.single clicking simple folder view auto expands folder clicking another folder automatically expands folder collapses previous one.
Features new to Windows XP	grouping sorting windows xp introduced large number metadata properties shown columns details view explorer new tiles view explorer summary tab files properties files tooltip explorer status bar single file selected.users also gain ability sort property turned details view.developers write column handler shell extensions define properties files sorted.column items sorted highlighted.sorting files folders ascending order descending order views details view.
Features new to Windows XP	reverse order user simply perform sort property again.sort order also made intuitive compared one windows .file names containing numbers windows explorer tries sort based numerical value rather comparing number digit digit every character position file name.instance files containing .. intuitively sorted appearing instead appearing .the right pane windows explorer show groups feature allows explorer separate contents headings based field used sort items.items thus grouped detail turned on.
Features new to Windows XP	show groups available thumbnails tiles icons details views.search microsoft introduced animated search companions attempt make searching engaging friendly default character puppy named rover three characters merlin magician earl surfer courtney also available.search companions powered microsoft agent technology bear great deal similarity microsoft offices office assistants even incorporating tricks sound effects.user wishes also turn animated character entirely.the search capability fairly similar windows windows important additions.indexing service extract exif properties well metadata asf wmv mp files windows xp via ipropertystorage interface using builtin null filter.
Features new to Windows XP	search also instructed search files categorically documents pictures music video searching perceived type feature noteworthy largely windows determines types files classified categories.another important addition look field accepts expands environment variables abbreviated entry long paths.also users configure whether windows xp searches system andor hidden files folders.using tweak ui search user interface restored one used windows .image handling explorer windows xp improves image preview offering filmstrip view shows images single horizontal row large preview currently selected image it.
Features new to Windows XP	back previous buttons facilitate navigation pictures pair rotate buttons offer degree clockwise counterclockwise rotation images.filmstrip view like view turned per folder.view available new common tasks folder view selected windows classic folder view.aside filmstrip view mode thumbnails view displays thumbnailsized images folder also displays images subfolder may containing default overlaid large folder icon.folders thumbnail view customized customize tab accessible properties users also change folders icon specify template type pictures music videos documents folder optionally subfolders.
Features new to Windows XP	size quality thumbnails thumbnails view adjusted using tweak ui registry.exif metadata stored image also shown files properties summary tab details view view status bar.windows xp optionally caches thumbnails thumbs.db file folder pictures thumbnails generated faster next time.thumbnails forced regenerate rightclicking image thumbnail filmstrip views selecting refresh thumbnail.autoplay autoplay examines newly discovered removable media devices based content pictures music video files launches appropriate application play display content.
Features new to Windows XP	autoplay confused autorun created order simplify use peripheral devices – mp players memory cards usb storage devices others – automatically starting software needed access view content devices.autoplay enhanced autoplaycompatible software hardware.configured user associate favourite applications autoplay events actions.actions called autoplay handlers sets handlers associated various types content.new autoplay handlers get added system additional software installed.
Features new to Windows XP	user edit delete create autoplay handlers using tweakui.autoplay settings configured perdevice windows xp devices properties.when user inserts optical disc drive attaches usb camera windows detects arrival starts process examining device searching medium.looking properties device content medium autoplay present set meaningful options user.user makes particular choice also option make selection automatic next time windows sees content device.content types available vary type drive selected.
Features new to Windows XP	shell ui improvements windows xp introduced notion perceived types making easier applications shell extensions register file types even default program associated progid changes.perceived types also made easier end users search files without specifying individual file extensions.peruser recycle bin ntfs volumes.earlier versions windows nt one user could see users deleted files located recycle bin.folder options restore previously open folder windows logon restoring explorer sessionscustomizable infotips perfileclass file type basis without writing shell extensionswindows explorer contentdependent attempts detect dominant type files folder selects appropriate view user automatically unless user manually sets view.to prevent applications taking file associations already registered default program explicitly set user windows xp prevents programmatic file associations open dialog file types tab used users override default.a tiles view added displays files icon larger size × places file name descriptive type additional information items sorted typically file size data files publisher name applications right.the toolbars locked prevent accidentally moved.capability also added internet explorers toolbars.the line icons feature context menu replaced align grid feature turned always lines icons.for unknownundefined file types inexperienced users may get confused double clicked windows xp contact web service shows additional information file type program created open file type.if image named folder.jpg placed inside folder image used thumbnail folder album art media files windows media player.efsencrypted files shown alternate color green default beginning windows xp.file folder size information shown tooltips upon mouse hover.folders size partial folder contents shown.when opening files single operation i.e.
Features new to Windows XP	selecting multiple files pressing enter windows xp warns user windows explorer may become unresponsive still allows user so.windows explorer supports basic form mass renaming items.marqueestyle progress bars.a hyperlink control system supplied common controls.windows picture fax viewer windows xp includes windows picture fax viewer based gdi capable viewing image formats supported gdi namely jpeg bmp png gif including animated gifs ico wmf emf tiff format files.supersedes part functions imaging windows previous versions windows.the windows picture fax viewer integrated windows explorer functions like slideshow email printing etc.quickly starts image double clicked windows explorer.supports full file management within viewer right clicking image shows context menu one shown image right clicked windows explorer.
Features new to Windows XP	images set desktop wallpaper context menu.supports successive viewing images current folder looping images viewing last image directory shows first image vice versa.default images smaller users display resolution shown actual size.image larger display resolution scaled fit screen best fit.images zoomed depending viewing area.
Features new to Windows XP	done scroll bars allow viewing areas image.standard toolbar buttons delete print copy open with.copy button converts image different format supported gdi jpeg bmp gif tiff png.print button starts photo printing wizard allows printing images picture titles using various page layouts full page prints wallet prints contactindex sheets certain fixed dimensions images cropped rotated fit page.wizard shows preview printed page look like currently specified options.
Features new to Windows XP	windows picture fax viewer also rotate images clockwise anticlockwise start slideshow selected images folder email selecting send mail recipient option.options allow image mailed full size pixel dimensions x x x .using tweak ui time images slideshow adjusted.windows picture fax viewer recognizes embedded icc v color profiles jpg tiff files.gif files shown full animation even zoomed.tiff files annotated using annotation toolbar appears bottom screen.
Features new to Windows XP	lines drawn tiff image text added it.areas image selected concealed.windows picture fax viewer also capable viewing multipage tiff files.however tiff images jpeg compression fully supported.last button standard toolbar opens image editing default microsoft paint however editing application registered button viewer.windows picture fax viewer saves remembers window position size supports keyboard shortcuts operations.raw image formats preferred formats professional photography supported however microsoft released later update called raw image thumbnailer viewer windows xp viewing certain raw image files.
Features new to Windows XP	customization usability improvements windows xp includes new set visual styles known codename luna.available three color schemes interface taskbased basic one included since windows options available explorer windows interact file.user however choose fully revert prewindows xp classic user interface.developers take advantage visual styles use comctl.dll v. programs.windows xps display properties allows users save customizations themes.feature previously part microsoft plus.icon cursor support bit color depth bit alpha channel.
Features new to Windows XP	microsoft contracted iconfactory created colorful icons microsoft included windows xp.icon resource limit also increased.high dpi displays windows xp supports larger cursor sizes.use bullets instead asterisks password fields textbox control i.e.••• instead .several informational critical warning messages windows xp shown balloon notifications automatically fade away predefined interval condition instead showing dialog boxes require interaction user.new configurable sound events device connect device disconnect device failed connect print complete new fax fax error system notification windows logon windows logoff.a rich set live orchestral recordings windows xp tour theme music system sounds composed composer bill brown.the famous music plays outofbox experience setup first launch user could connect internet choose whether automatic updates choose username located cwindowssystemoobeimagestitle.wma.piece named velkommen composed stan lepard.
Features new to Windows XP	however many users hear music sound card drivers would installed setup process.piece also used tour internet explorer starter kit.window ghosting allows user minimize move close main window even application responding.text services framework text services framework tsf com framework api introduced windows xp supports advanced text input text processing.text services framework designed offer advanced language word processing features applications.supports features multilingual support keyboard drivers handwriting recognition speech recognition well spell checking text natural language processing functions.
Features new to Windows XP	also downloadable older windows operating systems.the language bar core user interface text services framework.language bar enables text services add ui elements toolbar enables elements application focus.language bar users select input language control keyboard input handwriting recognition speech recognition.language bar also provides direct means switch installed languages even nontsfenabled application focus.performance kernel improvements windows xp kernel completely different kernel windows xme line operating systems.
Features new to Windows XP	although upgrade windows kernel major scalability stability performance improvements albeit transparent end user.processor support windows xp includes simultaneous multithreading hyperthreading support.simultaneous multithreading processors ability process one data thread time.memory management windows xp supports larger system virtual address space –— .gb contiguous virtual address space used device drivers mb.
Features new to Windows XP	windows xp memory manager redesigned consume less paged pool allowing caching greater availability paged pool component needs it.the total size memorymapped files windows limited memory manager allocated prototype page table entries pptes entire file even application created mapped views parts file.windows xp prototype ptes allocated required application allowing larger mapped files.benefit example case making backups large files low memory systems.paged pool limit mb lifted memory manager windows xp unmapped views dynamically reusable memory manager depending pool usage.memory pages working sets trimmed efficiently multiprocessor systems depending recently accessed.lock contention reduced number unnecessary locks used resource synchronizations ram allocation mapping address windowing extensions system page table entries charging nonpagedpaged pool quotas charging commitment pages removed.
Features new to Windows XP	dispatcher lock contention reduced page frame number pfn lock optimized increased parallelism granularity.windows xp uses push locks event synchronization object contention support shared exclusive acquisition.push locks protect handle table entries executive object manager protect data structures security descriptors memory manager protect awerelated locks.windows xp uses sysentersysexit mechanisms require fewer clock cycles transition user mode kernel mode speed system calls.the kernel page write protection limit windows xp enabled systems mb ram beyond large pages enabled increased address translation performance.windows xp introduces creatememoryresourcenotification function notify user mode processes high low memory availability applications allocate memory free memory necessary.registry versions windows prior windows xp registry size limited paged pool size.
Features new to Windows XP	windows xp registry reimplemented outside paged pool registry hives memory mapped cache manager system cache eliminating registry size limit.registry size limited available disk space.system hive still maximum size raised mb mb eliminating issue previous windows versions faced unable boot large fragmented system hive.configuration manager updated minimize registrys memory footprint lock contention reduce fragmentation thus page faults accessing registry improved algorithms speed registry query processing.inmemory security cache eliminates redundant security descriptors.
Features new to Windows XP	debugging windows xp supports cross user session debugging attaching debugger noncrashing usermode program dumping process memory space using dump command detaching debugger without terminating it.debugging done firewire port local system.debug heap disabled standard heap used debugging.vectored exception handling windows xp introduces support vectored exception handling.vectored exception handling made available windows programmers using languages c visual basic.
Features new to Windows XP	veh replace structured exception handling seh rather veh seh coexist veh handlers priority seh handlers.compared seh veh works like traditional notification callback scheme.applications intercept exception calling addvectoredexceptionhandler api watch handle exceptions.vectored handlers chained order linked list arent tied stack frame added anywhere call stack unlike sehs trycatch blocks.heap heap leak detection enabled processes exit debugger extension used investigate leaks.also introduced new heap performancemonitoring counter.
Features new to Windows XP	windows xp introduces new low fragmentation heap policy disabled default allocates memory distinct sizes blocks less kb reduce heap fragmentation.low fragmentation heap enabled default heaps using lfh heap enabler utility.io new apis irp cancellation registering file system filter callbacks intercept os fast io functions.low memory conditions must succeed calls denied causing slowdown preventing bug check.io throttled fetch one memory page time increasing overall scalability.
Features new to Windows XP	file system windows xp includes ntfs .expands master file table mft entries redundant mft record number useful recovering damaged mft files.ntfs conversion utility convert.exe supports new cvtarea switch ntfs metadata files written contiguous placeholder file resulting less fragmented file system conversion.ntfs .also supports symbolic links although tools drivers shipped windows xp create symbolic links.windows xp introduces ability mount ntfs readonly volumes.
Features new to Windows XP	new apis preserve original short file names retrieve list mount points drive letters mounted folder paths specified volume enable applications create large files quickly setting valid data length files without forcewriting data zeroes vdl setfilevaliddata function.instance function used quickly create fixed size virtual machine hard disk.default access control lists newly created files readonly users group write permissions given administrators group system account owner.faster boot application launch ability boot seconds design goal windows xp microsofts developers made efforts streamline system much possible logical prefetcher significant part monitors files loaded boot optimizes locations files disk less time spent waiting hard drives heads move issues large asynchronous io requests overlapped device detection initialization occurs boot.prefetcher works tracing frequently accessed paged data used task scheduler create prefetchinstructions file windirprefetch.
Features new to Windows XP	upon system boot launch application data code trace already memory prefetched disk.previous prefetching results determine scenario benefited prefetched next boot launch.prefetcher also uses algorithms reduce application startup times.reduce disk seeking even disk defragmenter called idle time optimize layout specific files metadata contiguous area.boot resume operations traced analyzed using bootvis.exe.
Features new to Windows XP	logon logoff changes windows xp includes fast logon optimization feature performs logon asynchronously without waiting network fully initialized roaming user profiles set up.use cached credentials avoids delays logging domain.group policy applied background startup logon scripts execute asynchronously default.windows xp reconciles local roaming user profiles using copy contents registry.user longer made wait windows profile unloaded.windows xp saves locked registry hives open keys seconds roaming profile changes saved back server.
Features new to Windows XP	problem left computer cannot recover memory profile uses unloaded.make sure user profiles completely reconciled correctly logoff microsoft released user profile hive cleanup service windows xp later included windows vista.user data settings management roaming user profiles windows xp offers enhancements usability resilience corruption performance roaming user profiles.new group policies prevent propagation roaming user profile changes server give administrators control users profile folders preventing use roaming user profiles specific computers.accommodate scenario older profile would overwrite newer server profile due windows xps fast logon feature windows xp ensures situation user registry hive copied server local profile.deletion profiles marked deletion next logoff fail locked profiles.
Features new to Windows XP	workgroup computers windows xp longer deletes profiles users belonging guests group.offline files windows xp includes changes behavior offline files.offline files clientside cache encrypted encrypting file system.shared folders dfs namespaces made available offline.also roaming user profiles synchronized server even offline files marked server unavailable.
Features new to Windows XP	folder redirection beginning windows xp folders redirected network automatically made available offline using offline files although optionally disabled group policy.for older windows nt .earlier systems legacy directory structure windows xp allows redirecting documents folder home directory.reliability improvements system restore windows xp improvements made system restore compared windows me.system restore uses copyonwrite file system filter driver taking snapshots.windows xp system restore configurable per volume data stores also stored per volume.
Features new to Windows XP	ntfs volumes restore points stored using ntfs compression protected using acls.disk cleanup handler allows deleting recent restore point.besides registry hives system files com wmi databases iis metabase also restored.system restore supports group policy.system restore windows xp also works without issues efsencrypted files.
Features new to Windows XP	automated system recovery automated system recovery feature provides ability save restore windows installed applications system state critical boot system files special backup instead plain reinstall.asr consists two components backup restore.backup portion located ntbackup backs system state windows registry com class registration database active directory sysvol directory share volumes associated operating system components required start windows restore well configuration basic dynamic.restore portion asr accessed pressing f windows xp text mode setup.automated system recovery even restore programs device drivers added asr setup information disk.
Features new to Windows XP	asr restore data files.sidebyside sxs assemblies application isolation common issue previous versions windows users frequently suffered dll hell one version dynamically linked library dll installed computer.software relies dlls using wrong version could result nonfunctional applications worse.windows second edition windows partially solved problem native code introducing sidebyside component sharing dllcom redirection.operating systems allowed loading private version dll placed applications folder developer instead system directory must registered properly system.windows xp improves upon introducing sidebyside assemblies com .
Features new to Windows XP	.net com classic win components c runtime gdi common controls.technology keeps multiple digitally signed versions shared dll centralized winsxs folder runs demand appropriate application keeping applications isolated using common dependencies.manifests assembly version number used os loader determine correct binding assembly versions applications instead globally registering components.achieve windows xp introduces new mode com object registration called registrationfree com regfree com.allows component object model com components store activation metadata clsid class id component without using registry.
Features new to Windows XP	instead metadata clsids classes implemented component declared assembly manifest described using xml stored either resource executable separate file installed component.allows multiple versions component installed different directories described manifests well xcopy deployment.during application loading windows loader searches manifest.present loader adds information activation context com class factory tries instantiate class activation context first checked see implementation clsid found.lookup fails registry scanned.windows error reporting windows error reporting collects offers send posterror debug information memory dump using internet developer application crashes stops responding users desktop.
Features new to Windows XP	data sent without users consent.dump error signature information reaches microsoft server analyzed solution sent back user one available.windows error reporting runs windows service optionally entirely disabled.software hardware manufacturers may access error reports using microsofts winqual program.software hardware manufacturers also close loop customers linking error signatures windows error reporting responses.
Features new to Windows XP	allows distributing solutions well collecting extra information customers reproducing steps took crash providing support links.device driver rollback old versions windows users upgrade device driver chance new driver less stable efficient functional original.reinstalling old driver major hassle avoid quandary windows xp keeps copy old driver new version installed.new driver problems user return previous version.feature work printer drivers.
Features new to Windows XP	driver enhancements windows driver protection blocks known problematic drivers installing loadingthe driver verifier introduced windows tool replaces default operating system subroutines ones specifically developed catch device driver bugs.enabled monitors stresses drivers detect illegal function calls actions may causing system corruption.windows xp new verification options added dma io scsi deadlock detection driver verifier.driver verifier manager gui introduced driver verifier includes ability automatically verify unsigned drivers.last known good configuration windows restored hardware configuration registry control set indicated lastknowngood key instead default.windows xp extended support restoring device drivers last working configuration newly installed device driver make windows unbootable.
Features new to Windows XP	application compatibility windows xp merged consumer enterprise versions windows needed support applications developed popular consumeroriented windows x platform windows nt kernel.microsoft addressed improving compatibility applicationspecific tweaks shims providing tools application compatibility toolkit appcompat actto allow users apply automate tweaks shims applications.users script compatibility layer using batch files.windows xp setup also includes compatibility checker warns users setup begins incompatible applications device drivers applications may need reinstallation.media features windows media player windows xp rtm includes windows media player version officially called windows media player windows xp windows media codecs.
Features new to Windows XP	windows media player windows xp introduced id support mps editing media information within library adding lyrics mp wma tracks file name customization ripping new visualizations support hdcds ability lock player corporate environment dvd playback support appropriate codecs installed separately.windows media player also incorporates newer hardware support portable devices means media transfer protocol usermode driver frameworkbased windows portable devices api.windows movie maker original rtm release windows xp included windows movie maker .added noncompressed dv avi recording digital video sources.windows movie maker introduced numerous new transitions effects titles credits task pane resizable preview window dimensions improved capture export options automovie feature saving final video back tape custom wmv export profiles.
Features new to Windows XP	windows xp media center edition includes windows movie maker .includes dvd burning.tv video capture technologies windows xp includes advances broadcast driver architecture receiving capturing analog digital tv broadcasts complete signal demodulation tuning software demultiplexing electronic program guide store ip data broadcasting etc.addition windows xp media center edition introduced windows media center application pvrlike recording playback features tv content.windows xp includes improved firewire ieee support dvcpro digital video cameras audio video devices.introduces mstape wdm driver dvhs mpeg camcorder devices.
Features new to Windows XP	video playback directshow introduces video mixing renderer vmr filter uses directdraw video rendering replacing overlay mixer.vmr mix multiple streams graphics alpha blending allowing applications draw text closed captions graphics channel logos ui buttons video without flickering support compositing implement custom effects transitions.vmr also supports source color keying overlay surface management framestepping improved multiplemonitor support.vmr features windowless mode applications easily host video playback within window renderless playback mode applications access composited image rendered.directx introduced vmr uses directd instead directdraw allowing developers transform video images using directd pixel shaders.directshow includes avstream multimedia class driver videoonly audiovideo kernel streaming.
Features new to Windows XP	media features windows media encoder series allows encoding windows media based content.installing windows media connect windows media player adds upnpbased streaming media server.device support improvements windows xp provides new andor improved drivers user interfaces devices compared windows .usb .support beginning windows xp service pack generic usb .enhanced host controller interface drivers included.
Features new to Windows XP	windows xp also adds support usb device classes bluetooth usb video device class imaging still image capture device class media transfer protocol windows media player .for mass storage devices windows xp introduces hardware descriptors distinguish various storage types operating system set appropriate default write caching policy.example usb devices disables write caching default surprise removal devices cause data loss.device manager provides configuration setting whether optimize devices quick removal performance.windows image acquisition windows xp supports twain well windows image acquisitionbased scanners.windows image acquisition windows xp adds support automatic document feeder scanners scrollfed scanners without preview capabilities multipage tiff generation.
Features new to Windows XP	wia video snapshot filter driver introduced allows still frames captured video stream.windows xp sp later support downloadable wia library v. provides access wia functionality programming languages scripting environments support ole automation.the scanner camera wizard based windows image acquisition common dialogs wia devices improved windows xp show media information metadata rotate images necessary categorize subfolders capture images video case still video camera crop scan images single multipage tiff case scanner.picture transfer protocol ptp implementation updated support mandatory optional commands ptp standard object tree support allows secondary files associated parent file grouped transferred concurrently.windows media player also adds media transfer protocol transferring media content portable devices.thus digital cameras windows xp supports acquiring photos using either wia ptp usb mass storage class mtp protocols depending camera manufacturer supports.
Features new to Windows XP	cd burning windows xp includes technology roxio allows users directly burn files compact disc windows explorer.previously end users install cd burning software.windows xp cd dvdram fat dvdram burning directly integrated windows interface.data discs created using joliet iso file systems audio cds using redbook standard.prevent buffer underrun errors windows xp premasters complete image files burnt streams disc burner.
Features new to Windows XP	users burn files cd way write files floppy disk hard drive via standard copypaste drag drop methods.burning functionality also exposed api called image mastering api.windows xps cd burning support disktodisk copying disk images although api used programmatically tasks.creation audio cds integrated windows media player.audio cds burnt using trackatonce mode.
Features new to Windows XP	cdrw discs quick erased.api support added windows xp burning dvds bluray discs masteredstyle burning udf writeonce rewritable dvd bluray media installing windows feature pack storage upgrades imapi version .note add dvd bluray burning features windows explorer thirdparty applications use apis support dvd bluray burning.power management support simple boot flag sbf specification tells bios bypass minimize startup checks operating system plug play capable.wakeonbattery support system time power hibernatecardbus wakeonlan supportwake lan configured limit wake packets magic packets power management tab nic property page device manager.lcd dimming battery powerprocessor power performance control including cstate run lower power state idle throttlingusb selective suspend featuresignificantly noticeable fast boot resume hibernation compared previous windows versions owing boot loader caching file directory metadata sequentially large chunks recently used manner overlapping device network initialization faster boot disk enumeration class drivers initialized asynchronously.hibernation faster memory pages compressed using improved algorithm compression overlapped disk writes unused memory pages freed dma transfers used io.faster resume standby algorithm used power manager notifying hardware software power state changes dispatching power irps rewritten maximize parallelism important system drivers pcmcia keyboard mouse rewritten eliminate blocking interactions worker thread stacks locked memory prevent interruptions power operations.improved acpi processor performance states multicore processors beginning windows xp service pack .builtin support processor power management technologies intel speedstep amd powernow.audio hardware support support audio devices based intel high definition audio specification means universal audio architecture uaa class driver.multichannel audio output playback additional audio formats.
Features new to Windows XP	volume set speaker multichannel configuration.kmixer audio sampling rate supports maximum khz beginning windows xp sp compared earlier versions windows.restriction number mmewinmm device interfaces wavein waveout midiin midiout mixer aux raised .hardware acceleration directsound capture effects include acoustic echo cancellation usb microphones noise suppression array microphone support.usb audio devices support gfx global effects filters.sound blaster .emulation support ntvdmwindows xp sets volume levels wave cd audio midi sliders db attenuation.prevents signal resolution degradation.firewire ieee support windows xp includes firewire support b beginning service pack .as mentioned section windows xp includes improved support firewire cameras audio video devices.spdif audio mpeg video streams supported across firewire audio video receivers settop boxes dvd dvhs speakers tv transmissions.
Features new to Windows XP	windows xp supports avc iec protocol isochronous realtime data transfer audiovideo applications.windows xp also allows nonfirewire devices exposed virtual firewire devices.direct memory access bus host target allows kernel debugging firewire.finally support tcpip networking internet connection sharing ieee bus.hardware driver improvements details tab device manager displays various device identification strings device instance id hardware id service name filters firmware revision power state mappings capabilities etc.windows xps user interface plug play changed messages shown notification area balloon tips.the readonly attribute files folders automatically removed copying files optical media using windows explorer.improved mouse pointer ballistics.dualview multimonitor setups.dualview allows two monitors host windows desktop driven single display adapter.support reading udf .
Features new to Windows XP	upgradeable udf .installing windows feature pack storage.bit lba support ataatapi disk drives beginning windows xp sp.generic drivers ultradma mode supportexecuting user applications directly rom.support exfat file system added installing kb.support secure digital io host controllers sdmmc storage devices compliant sdio .beginning windows xp sp microsoftsupplied bus driver.later hotfixes windows xp sp include support sdhc cards including larger gb gb.supports vesa display vendorspecific video driver installed safe mode.
Features new to Windows XP	system administration windows script host .windows xp includes windows script host .major update wsh environment includes improved object model reduce boilerplate code stronger security several improvements.a new xmlbased file format windows script file format .wsf introduced besides .vbs .js store xml node file extra information besides script code digital signature blocks runtime directives instructions import external code.wsf schema include jobs wrapped unique job tag outer package tag.tags wsf file allow including external files importing constants tlb storing usage syntax runtime element displaying using new showusage method invoked switch.
Features new to Windows XP	wsf format also supports hosting multiple wsh scripting languages including cross functioncalls.wshshell object supports currentdirectory readwrite method.scripts digitally signed well verified programmatically using scripting.signer object script provided valid certificate present system.alternatively signcode tool platform sdk extended support wsh filetypes may used command line.verifyfile method used authenticate embedded signatures validity check script modifications signing.wsh thus decide whether execute script verification.
Features new to Windows XP	code stored inmemory string also signed using sign method.signature block stored commented section script file backward compatibility older wsh versions.by using software restriction policies supported windows xp later system may also configured execute scripts digitally signed thus preventing execution untrusted scripts.local scripts also run remote machine new wscript.wshcontroller object powered dcom.remote wsh enabled group policy administrative template registry.remote scripts always run wscript loaded remote machines server process run noninteractively default configured using dcomcnfg run security context allows display user interface.wsh automation server loads instance wshremote object created script runs calling execute method.

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