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source | linux | Mono(tm) Binary Kernel Support for Linux
-----------------------------------------
To configure Linux to automatically execute Mono-based .NET binaries
(in the form of .exe files) without the need to use the mono CLR
wrapper, you can use the BINFMT_MISC kernel support.
This will allow you to execute Mono-based .NET b... | Documentation/admin-guide/mono.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ===============================
Numa policy hit/miss statistics
===============================
/sys/devices/system/node/node*/numastat
All units are pages. Hugepages have separate counters.
The numa_hit, numa_miss and numa_foreign counters reflect how well processes
are able to allocate memory from nodes they prefe... | Documentation/admin-guide/numastat.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
====================
Linux NVMe multipath
====================
This document describes NVMe multipath and its path selection policies supported
by the Linux NVMe host driver.
Introduction
============
The NVMe multipath feature in Linux integrates namespaces with the same
identi... | Documentation/admin-guide/nvme-multipath.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Parport
+++++++
The ``parport`` code provides parallel-port support under Linux. This
includes the ability to share one port between multiple device
drivers.
You can pass parameters to the ``parport`` code to override its automatic
detection of your hardware. This is particularly useful if you want
to use IRQs, sin... | Documentation/admin-guide/parport.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. _perf_security:
Perf events and tool security
=============================
Overview
--------
Usage of Performance Counters for Linux (perf_events) [1]_ , [2]_ , [3]_
can impose a considerable risk of leaking sensitive data accessed by
monitored processes. The data leakage is possible both in scenarios of
direct ... | Documentation/admin-guide/perf-security.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =================================
Linux Plug and Play Documentation
=================================
:Author: Adam Belay <ambx1@neo.rr.com>
:Last updated: Oct. 16, 2002
Overview
--------
Plug and Play provides a means of detecting and setting resources for legacy or
otherwise unconfigurable devices. The Linux Plu... | Documentation/admin-guide/pnp.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
pstore block oops/panic logger
==============================
Introduction
------------
pstore block (pstore/blk) is an oops/panic logger that writes its logs to a
block device and non-block device before the system crashes. You can get
these log files by mounting pstore filesyste... | Documentation/admin-guide/pstore-blk.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ OR CC-BY-4.0)
.. [see the bottom of this file for redistribution information]
===========================================
How to quickly build a trimmed Linux kernel
===========================================
This guide explains how to swiftly build Linux kernels that are ideal ... | Documentation/admin-guide/quickly-build-trimmed-linux.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Ramoops oops/panic logger
=========================
Sergiu Iordache <sergiu@chromium.org>
Updated: 10 Feb 2021
Introduction
------------
Ramoops is an oops/panic logger that writes its logs to RAM before the system
crashes. It works by logging oopses and panics in a circular buffer. Ramoops
needs a system with pers... | Documentation/admin-guide/ramoops.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =======================
RapidIO Subsystem Guide
=======================
:Author: Matt Porter
Introduction
============
RapidIO is a high speed switched fabric interconnect with features aimed
at the embedded market. RapidIO provides support for memory-mapped I/O
as well as message-based transactions over the switche... | Documentation/admin-guide/rapidio.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ OR CC-BY-4.0)
.. See the bottom of this file for additional redistribution information.
Reporting issues
++++++++++++++++
The short guide (aka TL;DR)
===========================
Are you facing a regression with vanilla kernels from the same stable or
longterm series? One still ... | Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ OR CC-BY-4.0)
.. [see the bottom of this file for redistribution information]
Reporting regressions
+++++++++++++++++++++
"*We don't cause regressions*" is the first rule of Linux kernel development;
Linux founder and lead developer Linus Torvalds established it himself and
ensur... | Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-regressions.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =======================================
Real Time Clock (RTC) Drivers for Linux
=======================================
When Linux developers talk about a "Real Time Clock", they usually mean
something that tracks wall clock time and is battery backed so that it
works even with system power off. Such clocks will norm... | Documentation/admin-guide/rtc.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. _serial_console:
Linux Serial Console
====================
To use a serial port as console you need to compile the support into your
kernel - by default it is not compiled in. For PC style serial ports
it's the config option next to menu option:
:menuselection:`Character devices --> Serial drivers --> 8250/16550 ... | Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | The Speakup User's Guide
For Speakup 3.1.2 and Later
By Gene Collins
Updated by others
Last modified on Mon Sep 27 14:26:31 2010
Document version 1.3
Copyright (c) 2005 Gene Collins
Copyright (c) 2008, 2023 Samuel Thibault
Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 the Speakup Team
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or m... | Documentation/admin-guide/spkguide.txt | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. include:: <isonum.txt>
=================================
Video Mode Selection Support 2.13
=================================
:Copyright: |copy| 1995--1999 Martin Mares, <mj@ucw.cz>
Intro
~~~~~
This small document describes the "Video Mode Selection" feature which
allows the use of various special video modes sup... | Documentation/admin-guide/svga.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
=====================
Syscall User Dispatch
=====================
Background
----------
Compatibility layers like Wine need a way to efficiently emulate system
calls of only a part of their process - the part that has the
incompatible code - while being able to execute native sysc... | Documentation/admin-guide/syscall-user-dispatch.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Rules on how to access information in sysfs
===========================================
The kernel-exported sysfs exports internal kernel implementation details
and depends on internal kernel structures and layout. It is agreed upon
by the kernel developers that the Linux kernel does not provide a stable
internal API.... | Documentation/admin-guide/sysfs-rules.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Linux Magic System Request Key Hacks
====================================
Documentation for sysrq.c
What is the magic SysRq key?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It is a 'magical' key combo you can hit which the kernel will respond to
regardless of whatever else it is doing, unless it is completely locked up.
How do I ... | Documentation/admin-guide/sysrq.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Tainted kernels
---------------
The kernel will mark itself as 'tainted' when something occurs that might be
relevant later when investigating problems. Don't worry too much about this,
most of the time it's not a problem to run a tainted kernel; the information is
mainly of interest once someone wants to investigate ... | Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
======================
USB4 and Thunderbolt
======================
USB4 is the public specification based on Thunderbolt 3 protocol with
some differences at the register level among other things. Connection
manager is an entity running on the host router (host controller)
responsib... | Documentation/admin-guide/thunderbolt.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =========
Using UFS
=========
mount -t ufs -o ufstype=type_of_ufs device dir
UFS Options
===========
ufstype=type_of_ufs
UFS is a file system widely used in different operating systems.
The problem are differences among implementations. Features of
some implementations are undocumented, so its hard to recognize
... | Documentation/admin-guide/ufs.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Unicode support
===============
Last update: 2005-01-17, version 1.4
Note: The original version of this document, which was maintained at
lanana.org as part of the Linux Assigned Names And Numbers Authority
(LANANA) project, is no longer existent. So, this version in the
mainline Linux kernel is now the maintaine... | Documentation/admin-guide/unicode.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ OR CC-BY-4.0)
.. [see the bottom of this file for redistribution information]
=========================================
How to verify bugs and bisect regressions
=========================================
This document describes how to check if some Linux kernel problem occurs in ... | Documentation/admin-guide/verify-bugs-and-bisect-regressions.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Software cursor for VGA
=======================
by Pavel Machek <pavel@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz>
and Martin Mares <mj@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz>
Linux now has some ability to manipulate cursor appearance. Normally,
you can set the size of hardware cursor. You can now play a few new
tricks: you can make your cursor l... | Documentation/admin-guide/vga-softcursor.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Video Output Switcher Control
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2006 luming.yu@intel.com
The output sysfs class driver provides an abstract video output layer that
can be used to hook platform specific methods to enable/disable video output
device through common sysfs interface. For example, on my IBM ThinkPad T42
laptop... | Documentation/admin-guide/video-output.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ OR CC-BY-4.0)
======================================================
Discovering Linux kernel subsystems used by a workload
======================================================
:Authors: - Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
- Shefali Sharma <sshefali021@gmail.com>... | Documentation/admin-guide/workload-tracing.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
======================
The SGI XFS Filesystem
======================
XFS is a high performance journaling filesystem which originated
on the SGI IRIX platform. It is completely multi-threaded, can
support large files and large filesystems, extended attributes,
variable block sizes... | Documentation/admin-guide/xfs.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =======
LoadPin
=======
LoadPin is a Linux Security Module that ensures all kernel-loaded files
(modules, firmware, etc) all originate from the same filesystem, with
the expectation that such a filesystem is backed by a read-only device
such as dm-verity or CDROM. This allows systems that have a verified
and/or unchan... | Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/LoadPin.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =======
SELinux
=======
Information about the SELinux kernel subsystem can be found at the
following links:
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pcmoore/selinux.git/tree/README.md
https://github.com/selinuxproject/selinux-kernel/wiki
Information about the SELinux userspace can be found at:
https://gi... | Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SELinux.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =========
SafeSetID
=========
SafeSetID is an LSM module that gates the setid family of syscalls to restrict
UID/GID transitions from a given UID/GID to only those approved by a
system-wide allowlist. These restrictions also prohibit the given UIDs/GIDs
from obtaining auxiliary privileges associated with CAP_SET{U/G}ID... | Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SafeSetID.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =====
Smack
=====
"Good for you, you've decided to clean the elevator!"
- The Elevator, from Dark Star
Smack is the Simplified Mandatory Access Control Kernel.
Smack is a kernel based implementation of mandatory access
control that includes simplicity in its primary design goals.
Smack is not the only Manda... | Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/Smack.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ====
Yama
====
Yama is a Linux Security Module that collects system-wide DAC security
protections that are not handled by the core kernel itself. This is
selectable at build-time with ``CONFIG_SECURITY_YAMA``, and can be controlled
at run-time through sysctls in ``/proc/sys/kernel/yama``:
ptrace_scope
============
A... | Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/Yama.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ========
AppArmor
========
What is AppArmor?
=================
AppArmor is MAC style security extension for the Linux kernel. It implements
a task centered policy, with task "profiles" being created and loaded
from user space. Tasks on the system that do not have a profile defined for
them run in an unconfined stat... | Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/apparmor.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ===========================
Linux Security Module Usage
===========================
The Linux Security Module (LSM) framework provides a mechanism for
various security checks to be hooked by new kernel extensions. The name
"module" is a bit of a misnomer since these extensions are not actually
loadable kernel modules.... | Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
Integrity Policy Enforcement (IPE)
==================================
.. NOTE::
This is the documentation for admins, system builders, or individuals
attempting to use IPE. If you're looking for more developer-focused
documentation about IPE please see :doc:`the design do... | Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/ipe.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
.. Copyright © 2025 Microsoft Corporation
================================
Landlock: system-wide management
================================
:Author: Mickaël Salaün
:Date: January 2026
Landlock can leverage the audit framework to log events.
User space documentation can be found ... | Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/landlock.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ======
TOMOYO
======
What is TOMOYO?
===============
TOMOYO is a name-based MAC extension (LSM module) for the Linux kernel.
LiveCD-based tutorials are available at
https://tomoyo.sourceforge.net/1.8/ubuntu12.04-live.html
https://tomoyo.sourceforge.net/1.8/centos6-live.html
Though these tutorials use non-LSM versi... | Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/tomoyo.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
Address translation
===================
x86 AMD
-------
Zen-based AMD systems include a Data Fabric that manages the layout of
physical memory. Devices attached to the Fabric, like memory controllers,
I/O, etc., may not have a complete view of the system physical memory map.
These... | Documentation/admin-guide/RAS/address-translation.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
Error decoding
==============
x86
---
Error decoding on AMD systems should be done using the rasdaemon tool:
https://github.com/mchehab/rasdaemon/
While the daemon is running, it would automatically log and decode
errors. If not, one can still decode such errors by supplying the
... | Documentation/admin-guide/RAS/error-decoding.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
main
error-decoding
address-translation | Documentation/admin-guide/RAS/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
.. include:: <isonum.txt>
==================================================
Reliability, Availability and Serviceability (RAS)
==================================================
This documents different aspects of the RAS functionality present in the
kernel.
RAS concepts
********... | Documentation/admin-guide/RAS/main.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
==================================================
Collaborative Processor Performance Control (CPPC)
==================================================
.. _cppc_sysfs:
CPPC
====
CPPC defined in the ACPI spec describes a mechanism for the OS to manage the
performance of a logical... | Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/cppc_sysfs.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
===========================
ACPI Fan Performance States
===========================
When the optional _FPS object is present under an ACPI device representing a
fan (for example, PNP0C0B or INT3404), the ACPI fan driver creates additional
"state*" attributes in the sysfs directory ... | Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/fan_performance_states.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ============
ACPI Support
============
Here we document in detail how to interact with various mechanisms in
the Linux ACPI support.
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
initrd_table_override
ssdt-overlays
cppc_sysfs
fan_performance_states | Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
================================
Upgrading ACPI tables via initrd
================================
What is this about
==================
If the ACPI_TABLE_UPGRADE compile option is true, it is possible to
upgrade the ACPI execution environment that is defined by the ACPI tables
vi... | Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/initrd_table_override.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
=============
SSDT Overlays
=============
In order to support ACPI open-ended hardware configurations (e.g. development
boards) we need a way to augment the ACPI configuration provided by the firmware
image. A common example is connecting sensors on I2C / SPI buses on development
b... | Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/ssdt-overlays.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Introduction
============
ATA over Ethernet is a network protocol that provides simple access to
block storage on the LAN.
http://support.coraid.com/documents/AoEr11.txt
The EtherDrive (R) HOWTO for 2.6 and 3.x kernels is found at ...
http://support.coraid.com/support/linux/EtherDrive-2.6-HOWTO.html
It has man... | Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/aoe.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Example of udev rules
---------------------
.. include:: udev.txt
:literal:
Example of udev install rules script
------------------------------------
.. literalinclude:: udev-install.sh
:language: shell
Example script to get status
----------------------------
.. literalinclude:: status.sh
:language... | Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/examples.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =======================
ATA over Ethernet (AoE)
=======================
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
aoe
todo
examples | Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | TODO
====
There is a potential for deadlock when allocating a struct sk_buff for
data that needs to be written out to aoe storage. If the data is
being written from a dirty page in order to free that page, and if
there are no other pages available, then deadlock may occur when a
free page is needed for the sk_buff al... | Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/todo.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | # These rules tell udev what device nodes to create for aoe support.
# They may be installed along the following lines. Check the section
# 8 udev manpage to see whether your udev supports SUBSYSTEM, and
# whether it uses one or two equal signs for SUBSYSTEM and KERNEL.
#
# ecashin@makki ~$ su
# Password:
# bash... | Documentation/admin-guide/aoe/udev.txt | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ===================================
cfag12864b LCD Driver Documentation
===================================
:License: GPLv2
:Author & Maintainer: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
:Date: 2006-10-27
.. INDEX
1. DRIVER INFORMATION
2. DEVICE INFORMATION
3. WIRING
4. USERSPACE PROGRAMMING
1. Driver Information
-... | Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/cfag12864b.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =========================
Auxiliary Display Support
=========================
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
ks0108.rst
cfag12864b.rst | Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ==========================================
ks0108 LCD Controller Driver Documentation
==========================================
:License: GPLv2
:Author & Maintainer: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
:Date: 2006-10-27
.. INDEX
1. DRIVER INFORMATION
2. DEVICE INFORMATION
3. WIRING
1. Driver Information
-----... | Documentation/admin-guide/auxdisplay/ks0108.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =============
Floppy Driver
=============
FAQ list:
=========
A FAQ list may be found in the fdutils package (see below), and also
at <https://fdutils.linux.lu/faq.html>.
LILO configuration options (Thinkpad users, read this)
======================================================
The floppy driver is configured us... | Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/floppy.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
=============
Block Devices
=============
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
floppy
nbd
paride
ramdisk
zoned_loop
zram
drbd/index | Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ==================================
Network Block Device (TCP version)
==================================
1) Overview
-----------
What is it: With this compiled in the kernel (or as a module), Linux
can use a remote server as one of its block devices. So every time
the client computer wants to read, e.g., /dev/nb0, it... | Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/nbd.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ===================================
Linux and parallel port IDE devices
===================================
PARIDE v1.03 (c) 1997-8 Grant Guenther <grant@torque.net>
PATA_PARPORT (c) 2023 Ondrej Zary
1. Introduction
===============
Owing to the simplicity and near universality of the parallel port interface
to ... | Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/paride.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ==========================================
Using the RAM disk block device with Linux
==========================================
.. Contents:
1) Overview
2) Kernel Command Line Parameters
3) Using "rdev"
4) An Example of Creating a Compressed RAM Disk
1) Overview
-----------
The RAM disk driver is a way to use... | Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/ramdisk.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
=======================
Zoned Loop Block Device
=======================
.. Contents:
1) Overview
2) Creating a Zoned Device
3) Deleting a Zoned Device
4) Example
1) Overview
-----------
The zoned loop block device driver (zloop) allows a user to create a zoned block
device ... | Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zoned_loop.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ========================================
zram: Compressed RAM-based block devices
========================================
Introduction
============
The zram module creates RAM-based block devices named /dev/zram<id>
(<id> = 0, 1, ...). Pages written to these disks are compressed and stored
in memory itself. These di... | Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zram.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ================================
kernel data structure for DRBD-9
================================
This describes the in kernel data structure for DRBD-9. Starting with
Linux v3.14 we are reorganizing DRBD to use this data structure.
Basic Data Structure
====================
A node has a number of DRBD resources. E... | Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/data-structure-v9.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
.. The here included files are intended to help understand the implementation
Data flows that Relate some functions, and write packets
========================================================
.. kernel-figure:: DRBD-8.3-data-packets.svg
:alt: DRBD-8.3-data-packets.svg
:a... | Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/figures.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ==========================================
Distributed Replicated Block Device - DRBD
==========================================
Description
===========
DRBD is a shared-nothing, synchronously replicated block device. It
is designed to serve as a building block for high availability
clusters and in this context... | Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/drbd/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ===================
Block IO Controller
===================
Overview
========
cgroup subsys "blkio" implements the block io controller. There seems to be
a need of various kinds of IO control policies (like proportional BW, max BW)
both at leaf nodes as well as at intermediate nodes in a storage hierarchy.
Plan is to ... | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/blkio-controller.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ==============
Control Groups
==============
Written by Paul Menage <menage@google.com> based on
Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpusets.rst
Original copyright statements from cpusets.txt:
Portions Copyright (C) 2004 BULL SA.
Portions Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Modified by Paul Jackson <pj@... | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cgroups.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =========================
CPU Accounting Controller
=========================
The CPU accounting controller is used to group tasks using cgroups and
account the CPU usage of these groups of tasks.
The CPU accounting controller supports multi-hierarchy groups. An accounting
group accumulates the CPU usage of all of it... | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpuacct.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. _cpusets:
=======
CPUSETS
=======
Copyright (C) 2004 BULL SA.
Written by Simon.Derr@bull.net
- Portions Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
- Modified by Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
- Modified by Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
- Modified by Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
- Modified by Hidetoshi Seto... | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpusets.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ===========================
Device Whitelist Controller
===========================
1. Description
==============
Implement a cgroup to track and enforce open and mknod restrictions
on device files. A device cgroup associates a device access
whitelist with each cgroup. A whitelist entry has 4 fields.
'type' is a (a... | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/devices.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ==============
Cgroup Freezer
==============
The cgroup freezer is useful to batch job management system which start
and stop sets of tasks in order to schedule the resources of a machine
according to the desires of a system administrator. This sort of program
is often used on HPC clusters to schedule access to the cl... | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/freezer-subsystem.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ==================
HugeTLB Controller
==================
HugeTLB controller can be created by first mounting the cgroup filesystem.
# mount -t cgroup -o hugetlb none /sys/fs/cgroup
With the above step, the initial or the parent HugeTLB group becomes
visible at /sys/fs/cgroup. At bootup, this group includes all the t... | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/hugetlb.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. _cgroup-v1:
========================
Control Groups version 1
========================
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
cgroups
blkio-controller
cpuacct
cpusets
devices
freezer-subsystem
hugetlb
memcg_test
memory
misc
net_cls
net_prio
pids
rdma | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =====================================================
Memory Resource Controller(Memcg) Implementation Memo
=====================================================
Last Updated: 2010/2
Base Kernel Version: based on 2.6.33-rc7-mm(candidate for 34).
Because VM is getting complex (one of reasons is memcg...), memcg's beh... | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/memcg_test.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ==========================
Memory Resource Controller
==========================
.. caution::
This document is hopelessly outdated and it asks for a complete
rewrite. It still contains a useful information so we are keeping it
here but make sure to check the current code if you need a deeper
un... | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/memory.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ===============
Misc controller
===============
Please refer "Misc" documentation in Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/misc.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =========================
Network classifier cgroup
=========================
The Network classifier cgroup provides an interface to
tag network packets with a class identifier (classid).
The Traffic Controller (tc) can be used to assign
different priorities to packets from different cgroups.
Also, Netfilter (iptable... | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/net_cls.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =======================
Network priority cgroup
=======================
The Network priority cgroup provides an interface to allow an administrator to
dynamically set the priority of network traffic generated by various
applications
Nominally, an application would set the priority of its traffic via the
SO_PRIORITY s... | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/net_prio.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =========================
Process Number Controller
=========================
Abstract
--------
The process number controller is used to allow a cgroup hierarchy to stop any
new tasks from being fork()'d or clone()'d after a certain limit is reached.
Since it is trivial to hit the task limit without hitting any kmem... | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/pids.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ===============
RDMA Controller
===============
.. Contents
1. Overview
1-1. What is RDMA controller?
1-2. Why RDMA controller needed?
1-3. How is RDMA controller implemented?
2. Usage Examples
1. Overview
===========
1-1. What is RDMA controller?
-----------------------------
RDMA controller ... | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/rdma.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =======
Authors
=======
Original Author
---------------
Steve French (smfrench@gmail.com, sfrench@samba.org)
The author wishes to express his appreciation and thanks to:
Andrew Tridgell (Samba team) for his early suggestions about SMB/CIFS VFS
improvements. Thanks to IBM for allowing me time and test resources to pu... | Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/authors.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =======
Changes
=======
See https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/LinuxCIFSKernel for summary
information about fixes/improvements to CIFS/SMB2/SMB3 support (changes
to cifs.ko module) by kernel version (and cifs internal module version).
This may be easier to read than parsing the output of
"git log fs/smb/client" by rele... | Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/changes.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
====
CIFS
====
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
introduction
usage
todo
changes
authors | Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ============
Introduction
============
This is the client VFS module for the SMB3 NAS protocol as well
as for older dialects such as the Common Internet File System (CIFS)
protocol which was the successor to the Server Message Block
(SMB) protocol, the native file sharing mechanism for most early
PC operatin... | Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/introduction.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ====
TODO
====
As of 6.7 kernel. See https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/LinuxCIFSKernel
for list of features added by release
A Partial List of Missing Features
==================================
Contributions are welcome. There are plenty of opportunities
for visible, important contributions to this module. Here
is... | Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/todo.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =====
Usage
=====
This module supports the SMB3 family of advanced network protocols (as well
as older dialects, originally called "CIFS" or SMB1).
The CIFS VFS module for Linux supports many advanced network filesystem
features such as hierarchical DFS like namespace, hardlinks, locking and more.
It was designed to ... | Documentation/admin-guide/cifs/usage.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =============================
Guidance for writing policies
=============================
Try to keep transactionality out of it. The core is careful to
avoid asking about anything that is migrating. This is a pain, but
makes it easier to write the policies.
Mappings are loaded into the policy at construction time.... | Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/cache-policies.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =====
Cache
=====
Introduction
============
dm-cache is a device mapper target written by Joe Thornber, Heinz
Mauelshagen, and Mike Snitzer.
It aims to improve performance of a block device (eg, a spindle) by
dynamically migrating some of its data to a faster, smaller device
(eg, an SSD).
This device-mapper solutio... | Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/cache.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ========
dm-delay
========
Device-Mapper's "delay" target delays reads and/or writes
and/or flushes and optionally maps them to different devices.
Arguments::
<device> <offset> <delay> [<write_device> <write_offset> <write_delay>
[<flush_device> <flush_offset> <flush_delay>]]
Table line has to either ... | Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/delay.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
========
dm-clone
========
Introduction
============
dm-clone is a device mapper target which produces a one-to-one copy of an
existing, read-only source device into a writable destination device: It
presents a virtual block device which makes all data appear immediately, and... | Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-clone.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ========
dm-crypt
========
Device-Mapper's "crypt" target provides transparent encryption of block devices
using the kernel crypto API.
For a more detailed description of supported parameters see:
https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/wikis/DMCrypt
Parameters::
<cipher> <key> <iv_offset> <device path> \
... | Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-crypt.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | dm-dust
=======
This target emulates the behavior of bad sectors at arbitrary
locations, and the ability to enable the emulation of the failures
at an arbitrary time.
This target behaves similarly to a linear target. At a given time,
the user can send a message to the target to start failing read
requests on specifi... | Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-dust.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ======
dm-ebs
======
This target is similar to the linear target except that it emulates
a smaller logical block size on a device with a larger logical block
size. Its main purpose is to provide emulation of 512 byte sectors on
devices that do not provide this emulation (i.e. 4K native disks).
Supported emulated lo... | Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-ebs.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =========
dm-flakey
=========
This target is the same as the linear target except that it exhibits
unreliable behaviour periodically. It's been found useful in simulating
failing devices for testing purposes.
Starting from the time the table is loaded, the device is available for
<up interval> seconds, then exhibits... | Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-flakey.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ======
dm-ima
======
For a given system, various external services/infrastructure tools
(including the attestation service) interact with it - both during the
setup and during rest of the system run-time. They share sensitive data
and/or execute critical workload on that system. The external services
may want to ver... | Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-ima.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ================================
Early creation of mapped devices
================================
It is possible to configure a device-mapper device to act as the root device for
your system in two ways.
The first is to build an initial ramdisk which boots to a minimal userspace
which configures the device, then piv... | Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-init.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ============
dm-integrity
============
The dm-integrity target emulates a block device that has additional
per-sector tags that can be used for storing integrity information.
A general problem with storing integrity tags with every sector is that
writing the sector and the integrity tag must be atomic - i.e. in case ... | Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-integrity.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =====
dm-io
=====
Dm-io provides synchronous and asynchronous I/O services. There are three
types of I/O services available, and each type has a sync and an async
version.
The user must set up an io_region structure to describe the desired location
of the I/O. Each io_region indicates a block-device along with the st... | Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-io.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =====================
Device-Mapper Logging
=====================
The device-mapper logging code is used by some of the device-mapper
RAID targets to track regions of the disk that are not consistent.
A region (or portion of the address space) of the disk may be
inconsistent because a RAID stripe is currently being ope... | Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-log.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
=================================
dm-pcache — Persistent Cache
=================================
*Author: Dongsheng Yang <dongsheng.yang@linux.dev>*
This document describes *dm-pcache*, a Device-Mapper target that lets a
byte-addressable *DAX* (persistent-memory, “pmem”) region ac... | Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-pcache.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
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