data_type
large_stringclasses
3 values
source
large_stringclasses
29 values
code
large_stringlengths
98
49.4M
filepath
large_stringlengths
5
161
message
large_stringclasses
234 values
commit
large_stringclasses
234 values
subject
large_stringclasses
418 values
critique
large_stringlengths
101
1.26M
metadata
dict
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 .. include:: <isonum.txt> ==================================== PCI Express I/O Virtualization Howto ==================================== :Copyright: |copy| 2009 Intel Corporation :Authors: - Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com> - Donald Dutile <ddutile@redhat.com> Overview ======...
Documentation/PCI/pci-iov-howto.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ============================== How To Write Linux PCI Drivers ============================== :Authors: - Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz> - Grant Grundler <grundler@parisc-linux.org> The world of PCI is vast and full of (mostly unpleasant) surprises. Since each CPU architecture ...
Documentation/PCI/pci.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 .. include:: <isonum.txt> =========================================================== The PCI Express Advanced Error Reporting Driver Guide HOWTO =========================================================== :Authors: - T. Long Nguyen <tom.l.nguyen@intel.com> - Yanmin Zhang...
Documentation/PCI/pcieaer-howto.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 .. include:: <isonum.txt> =========================================== The PCI Express Port Bus Driver Guide HOWTO =========================================== :Author: Tom L Nguyen tom.l.nguyen@intel.com 11/03/2004 :Copyright: |copy| 2004 Intel Corporation About this guide ========...
Documentation/PCI/pciebus-howto.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ============================================ Accessing PCI device resources through sysfs ============================================ sysfs, usually mounted at /sys, provides access to PCI resources on platforms that support it. For example, a given bus might look like this:: ...
Documentation/PCI/sysfs-pci.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 =========== TPH Support =========== :Copyright: 2024 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. :Authors: - Eric van Tassell <eric.vantassell@amd.com> - Wei Huang <wei.huang2@amd.com> Overview ======== TPH (TLP Processing Hints) is a PCIe feature that allows endpoint devices to pro...
Documentation/PCI/tph.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 =========================================== PCI Native Host Bridge and Endpoint Drivers =========================================== .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 2 rcar-pcie-firmware
Documentation/PCI/controller/index.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ================================================= Firmware of PCIe controller for Renesas R-Car V4H ================================================= Renesas R-Car V4H (r8a779g0) has a PCIe controller, requiring a specific firmware download during startup. However, Renesas current...
Documentation/PCI/controller/rcar-pcie-firmware.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ====================== PCI Endpoint Framework ====================== .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 2 pci-endpoint pci-endpoint-cfs pci-test-function pci-test-howto pci-ntb-function pci-ntb-howto pci-vntb-function pci-vntb-howto pci-nvme-function functio...
Documentation/PCI/endpoint/index.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ======================================= Configuring PCI Endpoint Using CONFIGFS ======================================= :Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com> The PCI Endpoint Core exposes configfs entry (pci_ep) to configure the PCI endpoint function and to bind the endp...
Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-endpoint-cfs.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 :Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com> This document is a guide to use the PCI Endpoint Framework in order to create endpoint controller driver, endpoint function driver, and using configfs interface to bind the function driver to the controller driver. Introduction =====...
Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-endpoint.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ================= PCI NTB Function ================= :Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com> PCI Non-Transparent Bridges (NTB) allow two host systems to communicate with each other by exposing each host as a device to the other host. NTBs typically support the ability to g...
Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-ntb-function.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 =================================================================== PCI Non-Transparent Bridge (NTB) Endpoint Function (EPF) User Guide =================================================================== :Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com> This document is a guide to h...
Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-ntb-howto.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ================= PCI NVMe Function ================= :Author: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org> The PCI NVMe endpoint function implements a PCI NVMe controller using the NVMe subsystem target core code. The driver for this function resides with the NVMe subsystem as drivers/nvm...
Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-nvme-function.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ================= PCI Test Function ================= :Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com> Traditionally PCI RC has always been validated by using standard PCI cards like ethernet PCI cards or USB PCI cards or SATA PCI cards. However with the addition of EP-core in linu...
Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-test-function.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 =================== PCI Test User Guide =================== :Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com> This document is a guide to help users use pci-epf-test function driver and pci_endpoint_test host driver for testing PCI. The list of steps to be followed in the host side ...
Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-test-howto.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ================= PCI vNTB Function ================= :Author: Frank Li <Frank.Li@nxp.com> The difference between PCI NTB function and PCI vNTB function is PCI NTB function need at two endpoint instances and connect HOST1 and HOST2. PCI vNTB function only use one host and one en...
Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-vntb-function.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 =================================================================== PCI Non-Transparent Bridge (NTB) Endpoint Function (EPF) User Guide =================================================================== :Author: Frank Li <Frank.Li@nxp.com> This document is a guide to help users u...
Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-vntb-howto.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ========================== PCI NTB Endpoint Function ========================== 1) Create a subdirectory to pci_epf_ntb directory in configfs. Standard EPF Configurable Fields: ================ =========================================================== vendorid should be 0x...
Documentation/PCI/endpoint/function/binding/pci-ntb.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ========================== PCI Test Endpoint Function ========================== name: Should be "pci_epf_test" to bind to the pci_epf_test driver. Configurable Fields: ================ =========================================================== vendorid should be 0x104c dev...
Documentation/PCI/endpoint/function/binding/pci-test.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. _NMI_rcu_doc: Using RCU to Protect Dynamic NMI Handlers ========================================= Although RCU is usually used to protect read-mostly data structures, it is possible to use RCU to provide dynamic non-maskable interrupt handlers, as well as dynamic irq handlers. This document describes how to do t...
Documentation/RCU/NMI-RCU.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
Read the Fscking Papers! This document describes RCU-related publications, and is followed by the corresponding bibtex entries. A number of the publications may be found at http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/. For others, browsers and search engines will usually find what you are looking for. The first thing r...
Documentation/RCU/RTFP.txt
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. _up_doc: RCU on Uniprocessor Systems =========================== A common misconception is that, on UP systems, the call_rcu() primitive may immediately invoke its function. The basis of this misconception is that since there is only one CPU, it should not be necessary to wait for anything else to get done, since...
Documentation/RCU/UP.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ================================ Review Checklist for RCU Patches ================================ This document contains a checklist for producing and reviewing patches that make use of RCU. Violating any of the rules listed below will result in the same sorts of problems that l...
Documentation/RCU/checklist.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 .. _rcu_handbook: ============ RCU Handbook ============ .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 2 checklist lockdep lockdep-splat rcubarrier rcu_dereference whatisRCU rcu rculist_nulls rcuref torture stallwarn listRCU NMI-RCU UP Design/Memory-Ord...
Documentation/RCU/index.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. _list_rcu_doc: Using RCU to Protect Read-Mostly Linked Lists ============================================= One of the most common uses of RCU is protecting read-mostly linked lists (``struct list_head`` in list.h). One big advantage of this approach is that all of the required memory ordering is provided by the l...
Documentation/RCU/listRCU.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ================= Lockdep-RCU Splat ================= Lockdep-RCU was added to the Linux kernel in early 2010 (http://lwn.net/Articles/371986/). This facility checks for some common misuses of the RCU API, most notably using one of the rcu_dereference() family to access an RCU-pro...
Documentation/RCU/lockdep-splat.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ======================== RCU and lockdep checking ======================== All flavors of RCU have lockdep checking available, so that lockdep is aware of when each task enters and leaves any flavor of RCU read-side critical section. Each flavor of RCU is tracked separately (but n...
Documentation/RCU/lockdep.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. _rcu_doc: RCU Concepts ============ The basic idea behind RCU (read-copy update) is to split destructive operations into two parts, one that prevents anyone from seeing the data item being destroyed, and one that actually carries out the destruction. A "grace period" must elapse between the two parts, and this gra...
Documentation/RCU/rcu.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. _rcu_dereference_doc: PROPER CARE AND FEEDING OF RETURN VALUES FROM rcu_dereference() =============================================================== Proper care and feeding of address and data dependencies is critically important to correct use of things like RCU. To this end, the pointers returned from the rcu_...
Documentation/RCU/rcu_dereference.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. _rcu_barrier: RCU and Unloadable Modules ========================== [Originally published in LWN Jan. 14, 2007: http://lwn.net/Articles/217484/] RCU updaters sometimes use call_rcu() to initiate an asynchronous wait for a grace period to elapse. This primitive takes a pointer to an rcu_head struct placed within ...
Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ================================================= Using RCU hlist_nulls to protect list and objects ================================================= This section describes how to use hlist_nulls to protect read-mostly linked lists and objects using SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU allocations...
Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ==================================================================== Reference-count design for elements of lists/arrays protected by RCU ==================================================================== Please note that the percpu-ref feature is likely your first stop if you n...
Documentation/RCU/rcuref.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ============================== Using RCU's CPU Stall Detector ============================== This document first discusses what sorts of issues RCU's CPU stall detector can locate, and then discusses kernel parameters and Kconfig options that can be used to fine-tune the detector's...
Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ========================== RCU Torture Test Operation ========================== CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST ======================= The CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST config option is available for all RCU implementations. It creates an rcutorture kernel module that can be loaded to run a...
Documentation/RCU/torture.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. _whatisrcu_doc: What is RCU? -- "Read, Copy, Update" ====================================== Please note that the "What is RCU?" LWN series is an excellent place to start learning about RCU: | 1. What is RCU, Fundamentally? https://lwn.net/Articles/262464/ | 2. What is RCU? Part 2: Usage https://lwn.net/Artic...
Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
=================================================== A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Data Structures [LWN.net] =================================================== December 18, 2016 This article was contributed by Paul E. McKenney Introduction ============ This document describes RCU's major data structures and their relat...
Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
================================================= A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Expedited Grace Periods ================================================= Introduction ============ This document describes RCU's expedited grace periods. Unlike RCU's normal grace periods, which accept long latencies to attain high efficienc...
Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
====================================================== A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Grace-Period Memory Ordering ====================================================== August 8, 2017 This article was contributed by Paul E. McKenney Introduction ============ This document gives a rough visual overview of how Tree RCU's...
Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
================================= A Tour Through RCU's Requirements ================================= Copyright IBM Corporation, 2015 Author: Paul E. McKenney The initial version of this document appeared in the `LWN <https://lwn.net/>`_ on those articles: `part 1 <https://lwn.net/Articles/652156/>`_, `part 2 <https...
Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ==================== Compute Accelerators ==================== .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 1 introduction amdxdna/index qaic/index rocket/index
Documentation/accel/index.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ============ Introduction ============ The Linux compute accelerators subsystem is designed to expose compute accelerators in a common way to user-space and provide a common set of functionality. These devices can be either stand-alone ASICs or IP blocks inside an SoC/GPU. Althoug...
Documentation/accel/introduction.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only .. include:: <isonum.txt> ========= AMD NPU ========= :Copyright: |copy| 2024 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. :Author: Sonal Santan <sonal.santan@amd.com> Overview ======== AMD NPU (Neural Processing Unit) is a multi-user AI inference accelerator integrated into AMD client AP...
Documentation/accel/amdxdna/amdnpu.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only ===================================== accel/amdxdna NPU driver ===================================== The accel/amdxdna driver supports the AMD NPU (Neural Processing Unit). .. toctree:: amdnpu
Documentation/accel/amdxdna/index.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only =============================== Qualcomm Cloud AI 80 (AIC080) =============================== Overview ======== The Qualcomm Cloud AI 80/AIC080 family of products are a derivative of AIC100. The number of NSPs and clock rates are reduced to fit within resource constrained so...
Documentation/accel/qaic/aic080.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only =============================== Qualcomm Cloud AI 100 (AIC100) =============================== Overview ======== The Qualcomm Cloud AI 100/AIC100 family of products (including SA9000P - part of Snapdragon Ride) are PCIe adapter cards which contain a dedicated SoC ASIC for th...
Documentation/accel/qaic/aic100.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only ===================================== accel/qaic Qualcomm Cloud AI driver ===================================== The accel/qaic driver supports the Qualcomm Cloud AI machine learning accelerator cards. .. toctree:: qaic aic080 aic100
Documentation/accel/qaic/index.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only ============= QAIC driver ============= The QAIC driver is the Kernel Mode Driver (KMD) for the AIC100 family of AI accelerator products. Interrupts ========== IRQ Storm Mitigation -------------------- While the AIC100 DMA Bridge hardware implements an IRQ storm mitigation...
Documentation/accel/qaic/qaic.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only ===================================== accel/rocket Rockchip NPU driver ===================================== The accel/rocket driver supports the Neural Processing Units (NPUs) inside some Rockchip SoCs such as the RK3588. Rockchip calls it RKNN and sometimes RKNPU. The hard...
Documentation/accel/rocket/index.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
================== Control Groupstats ================== Control Groupstats is inspired by the discussion at https://lore.kernel.org/r/461CF883.2030308@sw.ru and implements per cgroup statistics as suggested by Andrew Morton in https://lore.kernel.org/r/20070411114927.1277d7c9.akpm@linux-foundation.org. Per cgroup st...
Documentation/accounting/cgroupstats.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
================ Delay accounting ================ Tasks encounter delays in execution when they wait for some kernel resource to become available e.g. a runnable task may wait for a free CPU to run on. The per-task delay accounting functionality measures the delays experienced by a task while a) waiting for a CPU (...
Documentation/accounting/delay-accounting.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ========== Accounting ========== .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 1 cgroupstats delay-accounting psi taskstats taskstats-struct
Documentation/accounting/index.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. _psi: ================================ PSI - Pressure Stall Information ================================ :Date: April, 2018 :Author: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> When CPU, memory or IO devices are contended, workloads experience latency spikes, throughput losses, and run the risk of OOM kills. Without an...
Documentation/accounting/psi.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
==================== The struct taskstats ==================== This document contains an explanation of the struct taskstats fields. There are three different groups of fields in the struct taskstats: 1) Common and basic accounting fields If CONFIG_TASKSTATS is set, the taskstats interface is enabled and the...
Documentation/accounting/taskstats-struct.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
============================= Per-task statistics interface ============================= Taskstats is a netlink-based interface for sending per-task and per-process statistics from the kernel to userspace. Taskstats was designed for the following benefits: - efficiently provide statistics during lifetime of a task...
Documentation/accounting/taskstats.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. _readme: Linux kernel release 6.x <http://kernel.org/> ============================================= These are the release notes for Linux version 6. Read them carefully, as they tell you what this is all about, explain how to install the kernel, and what to do if something goes wrong. What is Linux? -----------...
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 Obsolete ABI Files ================== .. kernel-abi:: obsolete :no-symbols:
Documentation/admin-guide/abi-obsolete-files.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ABI obsolete symbols ==================== Documents interfaces that are still remaining in the kernel, but are marked to be removed at some later point in time. The description of the interface will document the reason why it is obsolete and when it can be expected to be removed. ...
Documentation/admin-guide/abi-obsolete.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 Removed ABI Files ================= .. kernel-abi:: removed :no-symbols:
Documentation/admin-guide/abi-removed-files.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ABI removed symbols =================== .. kernel-abi:: removed :no-files:
Documentation/admin-guide/abi-removed.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 Stable ABI Files ================ .. kernel-abi:: stable :no-symbols:
Documentation/admin-guide/abi-stable-files.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ABI stable symbols ================== Documents the interfaces that the developer has defined to be stable. Userspace programs are free to use these interfaces with no restrictions, and backward compatibility for them will be guaranteed for at least 2 years. Most interfaces (like...
Documentation/admin-guide/abi-stable.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 Testing ABI Files ================= .. kernel-abi:: testing :no-symbols:
Documentation/admin-guide/abi-testing-files.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ABI testing symbols =================== Documents interfaces that are felt to be stable, as the main development of this interface has been completed. The interface can be changed to add new features, but the current interface will not break by doing this, unless grave errors or s...
Documentation/admin-guide/abi-testing.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ===================== Linux ABI description ===================== .. kernel-abi:: README ABI symbols ----------- .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 2 abi-stable abi-testing abi-obsolete abi-removed ABI files --------- .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 2 abi-stable-files ab...
Documentation/admin-guide/abi.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
============================ A block layer cache (bcache) ============================ Say you've got a big slow raid 6, and an ssd or three. Wouldn't it be nice if you could use them as cache... Hence bcache. The bcache wiki can be found at: https://bcache.evilpiepirate.org This is the git repository of bcache-to...
Documentation/admin-guide/bcache.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 The Android binderfs Filesystem =============================== Android binderfs is a filesystem for the Android binder IPC mechanism. It allows to dynamically add and remove binder devices at runtime. Binder devices located in a new binderfs instance are independent of binder de...
Documentation/admin-guide/binderfs.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
Kernel Support for miscellaneous Binary Formats (binfmt_misc) ============================================================= This Kernel feature allows you to invoke almost (for restrictions see below) every program by simply typing its name in the shell. This includes for example compiled Java(TM), Python or Emacs pro...
Documentation/admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 .. _bootconfig: ================== Boot Configuration ================== :Author: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Overview ======== The boot configuration expands the current kernel command line to support additional key-value data when booting the kernel in an efficient ...
Documentation/admin-guide/bootconfig.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
Linux Braille Console ===================== To get early boot messages on a braille device (before userspace screen readers can start), you first need to compile the support for the usual serial console (see :ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst <serial_console>`), and for braille device (in :menuselectio...
Documentation/admin-guide/braille-console.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
============= btmrvl driver ============= All commands are used via debugfs interface. Set/get driver configurations ============================= Path: /debug/btmrvl/config/ gpiogap=[n], hscfgcmd These commands are used to configure the host sleep parameters:: bit 8:0 -- Gap bit 16:8 -- GPIO where GPIO is th...
Documentation/admin-guide/btmrvl.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ OR CC-BY-4.0) .. [see the bottom of this file for redistribution information] ====================== Bisecting a regression ====================== This document describes how to use a ``git bisect`` to find the source code change that broke something -- for example when some func...
Documentation/admin-guide/bug-bisect.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
Bug hunting =========== Kernel bug reports often come with a stack dump like the one below:: ------------[ cut here ]------------ WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 28102 at kernel/module.c:1108 module_put+0x57/0x70 Modules linked in: dvb_usb_gp8psk(-) dvb_usb dvb_core nvidia_drm(PO) nvidia_modeset(PO) snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_hd...
Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. _cgroup-v2: ================ Control Group v2 ================ :Date: October, 2015 :Author: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> This is the authoritative documentation on the design, interface and conventions of cgroup v2. It describes all userland-visible aspects of cgroup including core and specific controller behavior...
Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
Clearing WARN_ONCE ------------------ WARN_ONCE / WARN_ON_ONCE / printk_once only emit a message once. echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/clear_warn_once clears the state and allows the warnings to print once again. This can be useful after test suite runs to reproduce problems.
Documentation/admin-guide/clearing-warn-once.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
======== CPU load ======== Linux exports various bits of information via ``/proc/stat`` and ``/proc/uptime`` that userland tools, such as top(1), use to calculate the average time system spent in a particular state, for example:: $ iostat Linux 2.6.18.3-exp (linmac) 02/20/2007 avg-cpu: %user %nice...
Documentation/admin-guide/cpu-load.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
=========================================== How CPU topology info is exported via sysfs =========================================== CPU topology info is exported via sysfs. Items (attributes) are similar to /proc/cpuinfo output of some architectures. They reside in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/. Please refer ...
Documentation/admin-guide/cputopology.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
========================================= Dell Remote BIOS Update driver (dell_rbu) ========================================= Purpose ======= Document demonstrating the use of the Dell Remote BIOS Update driver for updating BIOS images on Dell servers and desktops. Scope ===== This document discusses the functional...
Documentation/admin-guide/dell_rbu.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. _admin_devices: Linux allocated devices (4.x+ version) ====================================== This list is the Linux Device List, the official registry of allocated device numbers and ``/dev`` directory nodes for the Linux operating system. The version of this document at lanana.org is no longer maintained. This...
Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
0 Unnamed devices (e.g. non-device mounts) 0 = reserved as null device number See block major 144, 145, 146 for expansion areas. 1 char Memory devices 1 = /dev/mem Physical memory access 2 = /dev/kmem OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore 3 = /dev/null Null device 4 = /dev/port I/O port acce...
Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
Dynamic debug +++++++++++++ Introduction ============ Dynamic debug allows you to dynamically enable/disable kernel debug-print code to obtain additional kernel information. If ``/proc/dynamic_debug/control`` exists, your kernel has dynamic debug. You'll need root access (sudo su) to use this. Dynamic debug provi...
Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ==== EDID ==== In the good old days when graphics parameters were configured explicitly in a file called xorg.conf, even broken hardware could be managed. Today, with the advent of Kernel Mode Setting, a graphics board is either correctly working because all components follow the ...
Documentation/admin-guide/edid.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
================= The EFI Boot Stub ================= On the x86 and ARM platforms, a kernel zImage/bzImage can masquerade as a PE/COFF image, thereby convincing EFI firmware loaders to load it as an EFI executable. The code that modifies the bzImage header, along with the EFI-specific entry point that the firmware lo...
Documentation/admin-guide/efi-stub.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ======================== ext4 General Information ======================== Ext4 is an advanced level of the ext3 filesystem which incorporates scalability and reliability enhancements for supporting large filesystems (64 bit) in keeping with increasing disk capacities and state-of-...
Documentation/admin-guide/ext4.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 ==================================== File system Monitoring with fanotify ==================================== File system Error Reporting =========================== Fanotify supports the FAN_FS_ERROR event type for file system-wide error reporting. It is meant to be used by fil...
Documentation/admin-guide/filesystem-monitoring.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
================================= Hardware random number generators ================================= Introduction ============ The hw_random framework is software that makes use of a special hardware feature on your CPU or motherboard, a Random Number Generator (RNG). The software has two parts: a core providing th...
Documentation/admin-guide/hw_random.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
================================================= The Linux kernel user's and administrator's guide ================================================= The following is a collection of user-oriented documents that have been added to the kernel over time. There is, as yet, little overall order or organization here — thi...
Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
Explaining the "No working init found." boot hang message ========================================================= :Authors: Andreas Mohr <andi at lisas period de> Cristian Souza <cristianmsbr at gmail period com> This document provides some high-level reasons for failure (listed roughly in order of executi...
Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
Using the initial RAM disk (initrd) =================================== Written 1996,2000 by Werner Almesberger <werner.almesberger@epfl.ch> and Hans Lermen <lermen@fgan.de> initrd provides the capability to load a RAM disk by the boot loader. This RAM disk can then be mounted as the root file system and programs ca...
Documentation/admin-guide/initrd.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
===================== I/O statistics fields ===================== The kernel exposes disk statistics via ``/proc/diskstats`` and ``/sys/block/<device>/stat``. These stats are usually accessed via tools such as ``sar`` and ``iostat``. Here are examples using a disk with two partitions:: /proc/diskstats: 259 ...
Documentation/admin-guide/iostats.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
Java(tm) Binary Kernel Support for Linux v1.03 ---------------------------------------------- Linux beats them ALL! While all other OS's are TALKING about direct support of Java Binaries in the OS, Linux is doing it! You can execute Java applications and Java Applets just like any other program after you have done th...
Documentation/admin-guide/java.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
=========================================== IBM's Journaled File System (JFS) for Linux =========================================== JFS Homepage: http://jfs.sourceforge.net/ The following mount options are supported: (*) == default iocharset=name Character set to use for converting from Unicode to ...
Documentation/admin-guide/jfs.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 .. _kernelparameters: The kernel's command-line parameters ==================================== The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented by the __setup(), early_param(), core_param() and module_param() macros and sorted into English Dictionary o...
Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
ACPI ACPI support is enabled. AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled. ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled. APIC APIC support is enabled. APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled. APPARMOR AppArmor support is enabled. ARM ARM architecture is enabled. ARM64 ARM64 architecture is enabled. AX25 Appro...
Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
========================================== Reducing OS jitter due to per-cpu kthreads ========================================== This document lists per-CPU kthreads in the Linux kernel and presents options to control their OS jitter. Note that non-per-CPU kthreads are not listed here. To reduce OS jitter from non-p...
Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-per-CPU-kthreads.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
====================================== Parallel port LCD/Keypad Panel support ====================================== Some LCDs allow you to define up to 8 characters, mapped to ASCII characters 0 to 7. The escape code to define a new character is '\e[LG' followed by one digit from 0 to 7, representing the character nu...
Documentation/admin-guide/lcd-panel-cgram.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
========================================== LDM - Logical Disk Manager (Dynamic Disks) ========================================== :Author: Originally Written by FlatCap - Richard Russon <ldm@flatcap.org>. :Last Updated: Anton Altaparmakov on 30 March 2007 for Windows Vista. Overview -------- Windows 2000, XP, and Vis...
Documentation/admin-guide/ldm.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
=============================================================== Softlockup detector and hardlockup detector (aka nmi_watchdog) =============================================================== The Linux kernel can act as a watchdog to detect both soft and hard lockups. A 'softlockup' is defined as a bug that causes the...
Documentation/admin-guide/lockup-watchdogs.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
RAID arrays =========== Boot time assembly of RAID arrays --------------------------------- Tools that manage md devices can be found at https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/raid/ You can boot with your md device with the following kernel command lines: for old raid arrays without persistent superblocks:: ...
Documentation/admin-guide/md.rst
null
null
null
null
null
source
linux
Kernel module signing facility ------------------------------ .. CONTENTS .. .. - Overview. .. - Configuring module signing. .. - Generating signing keys. .. - Public keys in the kernel. .. - Manually signing modules. .. - Signed modules and stripping. .. - Loading signed modules. .. - Non-valid signatures and unsigne...
Documentation/admin-guide/module-signing.rst
null
null
null
null
null