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source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
.. include:: <isonum.txt>
====================================
PCI Express I/O Virtualization Howto
====================================
:Copyright: |copy| 2009 Intel Corporation
:Authors: - Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
- Donald Dutile <ddutile@redhat.com>
Overview
======... | Documentation/PCI/pci-iov-howto.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
==============================
How To Write Linux PCI Drivers
==============================
:Authors: - Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
- Grant Grundler <grundler@parisc-linux.org>
The world of PCI is vast and full of (mostly unpleasant) surprises.
Since each CPU architecture ... | Documentation/PCI/pci.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
.. include:: <isonum.txt>
===========================================================
The PCI Express Advanced Error Reporting Driver Guide HOWTO
===========================================================
:Authors: - T. Long Nguyen <tom.l.nguyen@intel.com>
- Yanmin Zhang... | Documentation/PCI/pcieaer-howto.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
.. include:: <isonum.txt>
===========================================
The PCI Express Port Bus Driver Guide HOWTO
===========================================
:Author: Tom L Nguyen tom.l.nguyen@intel.com 11/03/2004
:Copyright: |copy| 2004 Intel Corporation
About this guide
========... | Documentation/PCI/pciebus-howto.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
============================================
Accessing PCI device resources through sysfs
============================================
sysfs, usually mounted at /sys, provides access to PCI resources on platforms
that support it. For example, a given bus might look like this::
... | Documentation/PCI/sysfs-pci.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
===========
TPH Support
===========
:Copyright: 2024 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
:Authors: - Eric van Tassell <eric.vantassell@amd.com>
- Wei Huang <wei.huang2@amd.com>
Overview
========
TPH (TLP Processing Hints) is a PCIe feature that allows endpoint devices
to pro... | Documentation/PCI/tph.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
===========================================
PCI Native Host Bridge and Endpoint Drivers
===========================================
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
rcar-pcie-firmware | Documentation/PCI/controller/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
=================================================
Firmware of PCIe controller for Renesas R-Car V4H
=================================================
Renesas R-Car V4H (r8a779g0) has a PCIe controller, requiring a specific
firmware download during startup.
However, Renesas current... | Documentation/PCI/controller/rcar-pcie-firmware.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
======================
PCI Endpoint Framework
======================
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
pci-endpoint
pci-endpoint-cfs
pci-test-function
pci-test-howto
pci-ntb-function
pci-ntb-howto
pci-vntb-function
pci-vntb-howto
pci-nvme-function
functio... | Documentation/PCI/endpoint/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
=======================================
Configuring PCI Endpoint Using CONFIGFS
=======================================
:Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com>
The PCI Endpoint Core exposes configfs entry (pci_ep) to configure the
PCI endpoint function and to bind the endp... | Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-endpoint-cfs.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
:Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com>
This document is a guide to use the PCI Endpoint Framework in order to create
endpoint controller driver, endpoint function driver, and using configfs
interface to bind the function driver to the controller driver.
Introduction
=====... | Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-endpoint.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
=================
PCI NTB Function
=================
:Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com>
PCI Non-Transparent Bridges (NTB) allow two host systems to communicate
with each other by exposing each host as a device to the other host.
NTBs typically support the ability to g... | Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-ntb-function.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
===================================================================
PCI Non-Transparent Bridge (NTB) Endpoint Function (EPF) User Guide
===================================================================
:Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com>
This document is a guide to h... | Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-ntb-howto.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
=================
PCI NVMe Function
=================
:Author: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
The PCI NVMe endpoint function implements a PCI NVMe controller using the NVMe
subsystem target core code. The driver for this function resides with the NVMe
subsystem as drivers/nvm... | Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-nvme-function.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
=================
PCI Test Function
=================
:Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com>
Traditionally PCI RC has always been validated by using standard
PCI cards like ethernet PCI cards or USB PCI cards or SATA PCI cards.
However with the addition of EP-core in linu... | Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-test-function.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
===================
PCI Test User Guide
===================
:Author: Kishon Vijay Abraham I <kishon@ti.com>
This document is a guide to help users use pci-epf-test function driver
and pci_endpoint_test host driver for testing PCI. The list of steps to
be followed in the host side ... | Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-test-howto.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
=================
PCI vNTB Function
=================
:Author: Frank Li <Frank.Li@nxp.com>
The difference between PCI NTB function and PCI vNTB function is
PCI NTB function need at two endpoint instances and connect HOST1
and HOST2.
PCI vNTB function only use one host and one en... | Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-vntb-function.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
===================================================================
PCI Non-Transparent Bridge (NTB) Endpoint Function (EPF) User Guide
===================================================================
:Author: Frank Li <Frank.Li@nxp.com>
This document is a guide to help users u... | Documentation/PCI/endpoint/pci-vntb-howto.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
==========================
PCI NTB Endpoint Function
==========================
1) Create a subdirectory to pci_epf_ntb directory in configfs.
Standard EPF Configurable Fields:
================ ===========================================================
vendorid should be 0x... | Documentation/PCI/endpoint/function/binding/pci-ntb.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
==========================
PCI Test Endpoint Function
==========================
name: Should be "pci_epf_test" to bind to the pci_epf_test driver.
Configurable Fields:
================ ===========================================================
vendorid should be 0x104c
dev... | Documentation/PCI/endpoint/function/binding/pci-test.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. _NMI_rcu_doc:
Using RCU to Protect Dynamic NMI Handlers
=========================================
Although RCU is usually used to protect read-mostly data structures,
it is possible to use RCU to provide dynamic non-maskable interrupt
handlers, as well as dynamic irq handlers. This document describes
how to do t... | Documentation/RCU/NMI-RCU.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Read the Fscking Papers!
This document describes RCU-related publications, and is followed by
the corresponding bibtex entries. A number of the publications may
be found at http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/. For others, browsers
and search engines will usually find what you are looking for.
The first thing r... | Documentation/RCU/RTFP.txt | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. _up_doc:
RCU on Uniprocessor Systems
===========================
A common misconception is that, on UP systems, the call_rcu() primitive
may immediately invoke its function. The basis of this misconception
is that since there is only one CPU, it should not be necessary to
wait for anything else to get done, since... | Documentation/RCU/UP.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
================================
Review Checklist for RCU Patches
================================
This document contains a checklist for producing and reviewing patches
that make use of RCU. Violating any of the rules listed below will
result in the same sorts of problems that l... | Documentation/RCU/checklist.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
.. _rcu_handbook:
============
RCU Handbook
============
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
checklist
lockdep
lockdep-splat
rcubarrier
rcu_dereference
whatisRCU
rcu
rculist_nulls
rcuref
torture
stallwarn
listRCU
NMI-RCU
UP
Design/Memory-Ord... | Documentation/RCU/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. _list_rcu_doc:
Using RCU to Protect Read-Mostly Linked Lists
=============================================
One of the most common uses of RCU is protecting read-mostly linked lists
(``struct list_head`` in list.h). One big advantage of this approach is
that all of the required memory ordering is provided by the l... | Documentation/RCU/listRCU.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
=================
Lockdep-RCU Splat
=================
Lockdep-RCU was added to the Linux kernel in early 2010
(http://lwn.net/Articles/371986/). This facility checks for some common
misuses of the RCU API, most notably using one of the rcu_dereference()
family to access an RCU-pro... | Documentation/RCU/lockdep-splat.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
========================
RCU and lockdep checking
========================
All flavors of RCU have lockdep checking available, so that lockdep is
aware of when each task enters and leaves any flavor of RCU read-side
critical section. Each flavor of RCU is tracked separately (but n... | Documentation/RCU/lockdep.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. _rcu_doc:
RCU Concepts
============
The basic idea behind RCU (read-copy update) is to split destructive
operations into two parts, one that prevents anyone from seeing the data
item being destroyed, and one that actually carries out the destruction.
A "grace period" must elapse between the two parts, and this gra... | Documentation/RCU/rcu.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. _rcu_dereference_doc:
PROPER CARE AND FEEDING OF RETURN VALUES FROM rcu_dereference()
===============================================================
Proper care and feeding of address and data dependencies is critically
important to correct use of things like RCU. To this end, the pointers
returned from the rcu_... | Documentation/RCU/rcu_dereference.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. _rcu_barrier:
RCU and Unloadable Modules
==========================
[Originally published in LWN Jan. 14, 2007: http://lwn.net/Articles/217484/]
RCU updaters sometimes use call_rcu() to initiate an asynchronous wait for
a grace period to elapse. This primitive takes a pointer to an rcu_head
struct placed within ... | Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
=================================================
Using RCU hlist_nulls to protect list and objects
=================================================
This section describes how to use hlist_nulls to
protect read-mostly linked lists and
objects using SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU allocations... | Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
====================================================================
Reference-count design for elements of lists/arrays protected by RCU
====================================================================
Please note that the percpu-ref feature is likely your first
stop if you n... | Documentation/RCU/rcuref.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
==============================
Using RCU's CPU Stall Detector
==============================
This document first discusses what sorts of issues RCU's CPU stall
detector can locate, and then discusses kernel parameters and Kconfig
options that can be used to fine-tune the detector's... | Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
==========================
RCU Torture Test Operation
==========================
CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST
=======================
The CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST config option is available for all RCU
implementations. It creates an rcutorture kernel module that can
be loaded to run a... | Documentation/RCU/torture.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. _whatisrcu_doc:
What is RCU? -- "Read, Copy, Update"
======================================
Please note that the "What is RCU?" LWN series is an excellent place
to start learning about RCU:
| 1. What is RCU, Fundamentally? https://lwn.net/Articles/262464/
| 2. What is RCU? Part 2: Usage https://lwn.net/Artic... | Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ===================================================
A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Data Structures [LWN.net]
===================================================
December 18, 2016
This article was contributed by Paul E. McKenney
Introduction
============
This document describes RCU's major data structures and their relat... | Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =================================================
A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Expedited Grace Periods
=================================================
Introduction
============
This document describes RCU's expedited grace periods.
Unlike RCU's normal grace periods, which accept long latencies to attain
high efficienc... | Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ======================================================
A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Grace-Period Memory Ordering
======================================================
August 8, 2017
This article was contributed by Paul E. McKenney
Introduction
============
This document gives a rough visual overview of how Tree RCU's... | Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =================================
A Tour Through RCU's Requirements
=================================
Copyright IBM Corporation, 2015
Author: Paul E. McKenney
The initial version of this document appeared in the
`LWN <https://lwn.net/>`_ on those articles:
`part 1 <https://lwn.net/Articles/652156/>`_,
`part 2 <https... | Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
====================
Compute Accelerators
====================
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
introduction
amdxdna/index
qaic/index
rocket/index | Documentation/accel/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
============
Introduction
============
The Linux compute accelerators subsystem is designed to expose compute
accelerators in a common way to user-space and provide a common set of
functionality.
These devices can be either stand-alone ASICs or IP blocks inside an SoC/GPU.
Althoug... | Documentation/accel/introduction.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
.. include:: <isonum.txt>
=========
AMD NPU
=========
:Copyright: |copy| 2024 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
:Author: Sonal Santan <sonal.santan@amd.com>
Overview
========
AMD NPU (Neural Processing Unit) is a multi-user AI inference accelerator
integrated into AMD client AP... | Documentation/accel/amdxdna/amdnpu.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
=====================================
accel/amdxdna NPU driver
=====================================
The accel/amdxdna driver supports the AMD NPU (Neural Processing Unit).
.. toctree::
amdnpu | Documentation/accel/amdxdna/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
===============================
Qualcomm Cloud AI 80 (AIC080)
===============================
Overview
========
The Qualcomm Cloud AI 80/AIC080 family of products are a derivative of AIC100.
The number of NSPs and clock rates are reduced to fit within resource
constrained so... | Documentation/accel/qaic/aic080.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
===============================
Qualcomm Cloud AI 100 (AIC100)
===============================
Overview
========
The Qualcomm Cloud AI 100/AIC100 family of products (including SA9000P - part of
Snapdragon Ride) are PCIe adapter cards which contain a dedicated SoC ASIC for
th... | Documentation/accel/qaic/aic100.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
=====================================
accel/qaic Qualcomm Cloud AI driver
=====================================
The accel/qaic driver supports the Qualcomm Cloud AI machine learning
accelerator cards.
.. toctree::
qaic
aic080
aic100 | Documentation/accel/qaic/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
=============
QAIC driver
=============
The QAIC driver is the Kernel Mode Driver (KMD) for the AIC100 family of AI
accelerator products.
Interrupts
==========
IRQ Storm Mitigation
--------------------
While the AIC100 DMA Bridge hardware implements an IRQ storm mitigation... | Documentation/accel/qaic/qaic.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
=====================================
accel/rocket Rockchip NPU driver
=====================================
The accel/rocket driver supports the Neural Processing Units (NPUs) inside some
Rockchip SoCs such as the RK3588. Rockchip calls it RKNN and sometimes RKNPU.
The hard... | Documentation/accel/rocket/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ==================
Control Groupstats
==================
Control Groupstats is inspired by the discussion at
https://lore.kernel.org/r/461CF883.2030308@sw.ru and implements per cgroup statistics as
suggested by Andrew Morton in https://lore.kernel.org/r/20070411114927.1277d7c9.akpm@linux-foundation.org.
Per cgroup st... | Documentation/accounting/cgroupstats.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ================
Delay accounting
================
Tasks encounter delays in execution when they wait
for some kernel resource to become available e.g. a
runnable task may wait for a free CPU to run on.
The per-task delay accounting functionality measures
the delays experienced by a task while
a) waiting for a CPU (... | Documentation/accounting/delay-accounting.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
==========
Accounting
==========
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
cgroupstats
delay-accounting
psi
taskstats
taskstats-struct | Documentation/accounting/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. _psi:
================================
PSI - Pressure Stall Information
================================
:Date: April, 2018
:Author: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
When CPU, memory or IO devices are contended, workloads experience
latency spikes, throughput losses, and run the risk of OOM kills.
Without an... | Documentation/accounting/psi.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ====================
The struct taskstats
====================
This document contains an explanation of the struct taskstats fields.
There are three different groups of fields in the struct taskstats:
1) Common and basic accounting fields
If CONFIG_TASKSTATS is set, the taskstats interface is enabled and
the... | Documentation/accounting/taskstats-struct.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =============================
Per-task statistics interface
=============================
Taskstats is a netlink-based interface for sending per-task and
per-process statistics from the kernel to userspace.
Taskstats was designed for the following benefits:
- efficiently provide statistics during lifetime of a task... | Documentation/accounting/taskstats.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. _readme:
Linux kernel release 6.x <http://kernel.org/>
=============================================
These are the release notes for Linux version 6. Read them carefully,
as they tell you what this is all about, explain how to install the
kernel, and what to do if something goes wrong.
What is Linux?
-----------... | Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
Obsolete ABI Files
==================
.. kernel-abi:: obsolete
:no-symbols: | Documentation/admin-guide/abi-obsolete-files.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
ABI obsolete symbols
====================
Documents interfaces that are still remaining in the kernel, but are
marked to be removed at some later point in time.
The description of the interface will document the reason why it is
obsolete and when it can be expected to be removed.
... | Documentation/admin-guide/abi-obsolete.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
Removed ABI Files
=================
.. kernel-abi:: removed
:no-symbols: | Documentation/admin-guide/abi-removed-files.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
ABI removed symbols
===================
.. kernel-abi:: removed
:no-files: | Documentation/admin-guide/abi-removed.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
Stable ABI Files
================
.. kernel-abi:: stable
:no-symbols: | Documentation/admin-guide/abi-stable-files.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
ABI stable symbols
==================
Documents the interfaces that the developer has defined to be stable.
Userspace programs are free to use these interfaces with no
restrictions, and backward compatibility for them will be guaranteed
for at least 2 years.
Most interfaces (like... | Documentation/admin-guide/abi-stable.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
Testing ABI Files
=================
.. kernel-abi:: testing
:no-symbols: | Documentation/admin-guide/abi-testing-files.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
ABI testing symbols
===================
Documents interfaces that are felt to be stable,
as the main development of this interface has been completed.
The interface can be changed to add new features, but the
current interface will not break by doing this, unless grave
errors or s... | Documentation/admin-guide/abi-testing.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
=====================
Linux ABI description
=====================
.. kernel-abi:: README
ABI symbols
-----------
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
abi-stable
abi-testing
abi-obsolete
abi-removed
ABI files
---------
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
abi-stable-files
ab... | Documentation/admin-guide/abi.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ============================
A block layer cache (bcache)
============================
Say you've got a big slow raid 6, and an ssd or three. Wouldn't it be
nice if you could use them as cache... Hence bcache.
The bcache wiki can be found at:
https://bcache.evilpiepirate.org
This is the git repository of bcache-to... | Documentation/admin-guide/bcache.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
The Android binderfs Filesystem
===============================
Android binderfs is a filesystem for the Android binder IPC mechanism. It
allows to dynamically add and remove binder devices at runtime. Binder devices
located in a new binderfs instance are independent of binder de... | Documentation/admin-guide/binderfs.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Kernel Support for miscellaneous Binary Formats (binfmt_misc)
=============================================================
This Kernel feature allows you to invoke almost (for restrictions see below)
every program by simply typing its name in the shell.
This includes for example compiled Java(TM), Python or Emacs pro... | Documentation/admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
.. _bootconfig:
==================
Boot Configuration
==================
:Author: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Overview
========
The boot configuration expands the current kernel command line to support
additional key-value data when booting the kernel in an efficient ... | Documentation/admin-guide/bootconfig.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Linux Braille Console
=====================
To get early boot messages on a braille device (before userspace screen
readers can start), you first need to compile the support for the usual serial
console (see :ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst <serial_console>`), and
for braille device
(in :menuselectio... | Documentation/admin-guide/braille-console.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =============
btmrvl driver
=============
All commands are used via debugfs interface.
Set/get driver configurations
=============================
Path: /debug/btmrvl/config/
gpiogap=[n], hscfgcmd
These commands are used to configure the host sleep parameters::
bit 8:0 -- Gap
bit 16:8 -- GPIO
where GPIO is th... | Documentation/admin-guide/btmrvl.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0+ OR CC-BY-4.0)
.. [see the bottom of this file for redistribution information]
======================
Bisecting a regression
======================
This document describes how to use a ``git bisect`` to find the source code
change that broke something -- for example when some func... | Documentation/admin-guide/bug-bisect.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Bug hunting
===========
Kernel bug reports often come with a stack dump like the one below::
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 28102 at kernel/module.c:1108 module_put+0x57/0x70
Modules linked in: dvb_usb_gp8psk(-) dvb_usb dvb_core nvidia_drm(PO) nvidia_modeset(PO) snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_hd... | Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. _cgroup-v2:
================
Control Group v2
================
:Date: October, 2015
:Author: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
This is the authoritative documentation on the design, interface and
conventions of cgroup v2. It describes all userland-visible aspects
of cgroup including core and specific controller behavior... | Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Clearing WARN_ONCE
------------------
WARN_ONCE / WARN_ON_ONCE / printk_once only emit a message once.
echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/clear_warn_once
clears the state and allows the warnings to print once again.
This can be useful after test suite runs to reproduce problems. | Documentation/admin-guide/clearing-warn-once.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ========
CPU load
========
Linux exports various bits of information via ``/proc/stat`` and
``/proc/uptime`` that userland tools, such as top(1), use to calculate
the average time system spent in a particular state, for example::
$ iostat
Linux 2.6.18.3-exp (linmac) 02/20/2007
avg-cpu: %user %nice... | Documentation/admin-guide/cpu-load.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ===========================================
How CPU topology info is exported via sysfs
===========================================
CPU topology info is exported via sysfs. Items (attributes) are similar
to /proc/cpuinfo output of some architectures. They reside in
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/topology/. Please refer ... | Documentation/admin-guide/cputopology.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =========================================
Dell Remote BIOS Update driver (dell_rbu)
=========================================
Purpose
=======
Document demonstrating the use of the Dell Remote BIOS Update driver
for updating BIOS images on Dell servers and desktops.
Scope
=====
This document discusses the functional... | Documentation/admin-guide/dell_rbu.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. _admin_devices:
Linux allocated devices (4.x+ version)
======================================
This list is the Linux Device List, the official registry of allocated
device numbers and ``/dev`` directory nodes for the Linux operating
system.
The version of this document at lanana.org is no longer maintained. This... | Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | 0 Unnamed devices (e.g. non-device mounts)
0 = reserved as null device number
See block major 144, 145, 146 for expansion areas.
1 char Memory devices
1 = /dev/mem Physical memory access
2 = /dev/kmem OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore
3 = /dev/null Null device
4 = /dev/port I/O port acce... | Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Dynamic debug
+++++++++++++
Introduction
============
Dynamic debug allows you to dynamically enable/disable kernel
debug-print code to obtain additional kernel information.
If ``/proc/dynamic_debug/control`` exists, your kernel has dynamic
debug. You'll need root access (sudo su) to use this.
Dynamic debug provi... | Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
====
EDID
====
In the good old days when graphics parameters were configured explicitly
in a file called xorg.conf, even broken hardware could be managed.
Today, with the advent of Kernel Mode Setting, a graphics board is
either correctly working because all components follow the ... | Documentation/admin-guide/edid.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =================
The EFI Boot Stub
=================
On the x86 and ARM platforms, a kernel zImage/bzImage can masquerade
as a PE/COFF image, thereby convincing EFI firmware loaders to load
it as an EFI executable. The code that modifies the bzImage header,
along with the EFI-specific entry point that the firmware lo... | Documentation/admin-guide/efi-stub.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
========================
ext4 General Information
========================
Ext4 is an advanced level of the ext3 filesystem which incorporates
scalability and reliability enhancements for supporting large filesystems
(64 bit) in keeping with increasing disk capacities and state-of-... | Documentation/admin-guide/ext4.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
====================================
File system Monitoring with fanotify
====================================
File system Error Reporting
===========================
Fanotify supports the FAN_FS_ERROR event type for file system-wide error
reporting. It is meant to be used by fil... | Documentation/admin-guide/filesystem-monitoring.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =================================
Hardware random number generators
=================================
Introduction
============
The hw_random framework is software that makes use of a
special hardware feature on your CPU or motherboard,
a Random Number Generator (RNG). The software has two parts:
a core providing th... | Documentation/admin-guide/hw_random.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =================================================
The Linux kernel user's and administrator's guide
=================================================
The following is a collection of user-oriented documents that have been
added to the kernel over time. There is, as yet, little overall order or
organization here — thi... | Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Explaining the "No working init found." boot hang message
=========================================================
:Authors: Andreas Mohr <andi at lisas period de>
Cristian Souza <cristianmsbr at gmail period com>
This document provides some high-level reasons for failure
(listed roughly in order of executi... | Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Using the initial RAM disk (initrd)
===================================
Written 1996,2000 by Werner Almesberger <werner.almesberger@epfl.ch> and
Hans Lermen <lermen@fgan.de>
initrd provides the capability to load a RAM disk by the boot loader.
This RAM disk can then be mounted as the root file system and programs
ca... | Documentation/admin-guide/initrd.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | =====================
I/O statistics fields
=====================
The kernel exposes disk statistics via ``/proc/diskstats`` and
``/sys/block/<device>/stat``. These stats are usually accessed via tools
such as ``sar`` and ``iostat``.
Here are examples using a disk with two partitions::
/proc/diskstats:
259 ... | Documentation/admin-guide/iostats.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Java(tm) Binary Kernel Support for Linux v1.03
----------------------------------------------
Linux beats them ALL! While all other OS's are TALKING about direct
support of Java Binaries in the OS, Linux is doing it!
You can execute Java applications and Java Applets just like any
other program after you have done th... | Documentation/admin-guide/java.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ===========================================
IBM's Journaled File System (JFS) for Linux
===========================================
JFS Homepage: http://jfs.sourceforge.net/
The following mount options are supported:
(*) == default
iocharset=name
Character set to use for converting from Unicode to
... | Documentation/admin-guide/jfs.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
.. _kernelparameters:
The kernel's command-line parameters
====================================
The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
by the __setup(), early_param(), core_param() and module_param() macros
and sorted into English Dictionary o... | Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
APIC APIC support is enabled.
APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
APPARMOR AppArmor support is enabled.
ARM ARM architecture is enabled.
ARM64 ARM64 architecture is enabled.
AX25 Appro... | Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ==========================================
Reducing OS jitter due to per-cpu kthreads
==========================================
This document lists per-CPU kthreads in the Linux kernel and presents
options to control their OS jitter. Note that non-per-CPU kthreads are
not listed here. To reduce OS jitter from non-p... | Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-per-CPU-kthreads.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ======================================
Parallel port LCD/Keypad Panel support
======================================
Some LCDs allow you to define up to 8 characters, mapped to ASCII
characters 0 to 7. The escape code to define a new character is
'\e[LG' followed by one digit from 0 to 7, representing the character
nu... | Documentation/admin-guide/lcd-panel-cgram.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ==========================================
LDM - Logical Disk Manager (Dynamic Disks)
==========================================
:Author: Originally Written by FlatCap - Richard Russon <ldm@flatcap.org>.
:Last Updated: Anton Altaparmakov on 30 March 2007 for Windows Vista.
Overview
--------
Windows 2000, XP, and Vis... | Documentation/admin-guide/ldm.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | ===============================================================
Softlockup detector and hardlockup detector (aka nmi_watchdog)
===============================================================
The Linux kernel can act as a watchdog to detect both soft and hard
lockups.
A 'softlockup' is defined as a bug that causes the... | Documentation/admin-guide/lockup-watchdogs.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | RAID arrays
===========
Boot time assembly of RAID arrays
---------------------------------
Tools that manage md devices can be found at
https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/raid/
You can boot with your md device with the following kernel command
lines:
for old raid arrays without persistent superblocks::
... | Documentation/admin-guide/md.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
source | linux | Kernel module signing facility
------------------------------
.. CONTENTS
..
.. - Overview.
.. - Configuring module signing.
.. - Generating signing keys.
.. - Public keys in the kernel.
.. - Manually signing modules.
.. - Signed modules and stripping.
.. - Loading signed modules.
.. - Non-valid signatures and unsigne... | Documentation/admin-guide/module-signing.rst | null | null | null | null | null |
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