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though no formal trade barriers exist the japanese computer industry is difficult for outsiders to enter |
if it were an open market we would have been in in N or N says <unk> pfeiffer who heads compaq computer corp. 's european and international operations |
his company without any major effort sells more machines in china than in japan |
although it has opened a new zealand subsidiary it is still only studying japan the only nation that has n't adopted <unk> specifications |
and because general retail centers such as <unk> have little presence in japan sales remain in the iron grip of established computer makers |
but the americans are also to blame |
they long made little effort here |
ibm though long a leader in the japanese mainframe business did n't introduce its first pc in japan until five years after nec did and that was n't compatible even with the u.s. ibm standard |
apple did n't introduce a <unk> machine one that handles the chinese characters of written japanese until three years after entering the market |
critics also say american companies charge too much |
japan 's ftc says it is investigating apple for allegedly discouraging retailers from discounting |
but the u.s. companies are <unk> their efforts |
apple recently hired its first japanese president <unk> away an official of toshiba 's european operations as well as a whole japanese <unk> team |
earlier this year it introduced a much more powerful <unk> operating system and a <unk> laser printer |
ibm just last year started selling its first machine that could run in both japanese and english and that substantially <unk> <unk> with its american products |
it may take five years to break even in japan says john a. <unk> who runs the <unk> office for <unk> & dodge a u.s. software company |
but it 's an enormous business opportunity |
from a reading of the somewhat <unk> <unk> medical literature on ru-486 the french abortion pill emerges as one of the <unk> <unk> around |
this is not only because it <unk> the <unk> a job at which it actually is not <unk> efficient <unk> only N N to N N of them depending on which study you read <unk> taken in <unk> with the pill boosts the rate to N N |
by contrast surgical abortion is N N effective |
abortion via the pill is far more of an <unk> than conventional surgical abortion |
it is <unk> the abortion part alone lasts three days and the clinical part <unk> a week 's worth of visits bloody one woman in a swedish trial required a <unk> although for most it resembles a <unk> period with bleeding lasting an average of N days and painful many women require <unk> shots to ease them through |
<unk> and <unk> are other common side effects |
timing is of the <unk> with ru-486 |
it is most effective taken about a week after a woman misses her <unk> period up through the seventh week of pregnancy when it is <unk> less effective |
that is typically about a <unk> window |
so far all the studies have concluded that ru-486 is safe |
but safe in the definition of <unk> bass of the reproductive health technologies project means there 's been no evidence so far of mortality |
no one has <unk> the long-term effects of ru-486 on a woman 's health or <unk> |
the drug seems to <unk> <unk> for three to seven months after it is taken |
some women clearly have no trouble eventually <unk> again the studies have reported <unk> in their programs |
but there are no scientific data on this question |
rather <unk> <unk> studies reveal that ru-486 can cause birth defects <unk> the british medical journal reported in N |
however dr. <unk> <unk> the french physician who invented ru-486 wrote in a science magazine article last month that the <unk> results could not be <unk> in <unk> and <unk> |
the drug has a <unk> structure similar to that of des the <unk> drug that has been linked to <unk> and <unk> cancer in some of the daughters of the women who took it |
all the published studies recommend that women on whom the drug proves <unk> not carry the pregnancy to term but <unk> a surgical abortion |
a risk of birth defects a sure source of lawsuits is one reason the u.s. pharmaceutical industry is steering clear of ru-486 |
one might well ask why bother with this drug at all |
some abortion advocates have been asking themselves this very question |
ru-486 probably represents a technical advance in an area where none is needed or at least not very much said <unk> <unk> president of the national abortion federation at a reproductive health conference in N |
many physicians have expressed concern over the heavy bleeding which occurs even if the drug fails to induce an abortion |
it typically takes from eight to N years to obtain the food and drug administration 's approval for a new drug and the cost of testing and marketing a new drug can range from $ N million to $ N million |
the health and human services department currently <unk> the national institutes of health from funding abortion research as part of its $ N million contraceptive program |
but the population council a <unk> $ N million nonprofit organization that has the backing of the rockefeller and mellon foundations and currently <unk> most u.s. research on <unk> has recently been paying for u.s. studies of ru-486 on a license from its french developer <unk> a joint subsidiary of the german pharmace... |
in the year since the pill went on the french market the national organization for women and its <unk> former now president <unk> <unk> 's fund for a <unk> majority have been trying to <unk> the u.s. pharmaceutical industry into getting involved |
its <unk> prediction the pill will be available in the u.s. either legally or illegally in no more than N years |
following the <unk> and <unk> lead has been a generally <unk> press |
a june N article in mother jones magazine is typical of the general level of media ignorance |
for a woman whose period is late using ru-486 means no waiting no walking past picket lines at abortion <unk> and no feet up in <unk> for surgery <unk> health writer <unk> fraser |
it also means she will never have to know whether she had actually been pregnant |
wrong on all counts miss fraser |
ru-486 is being <unk> in france only under strict supervision in the presence of a doctor |
<unk> reportedly has every pill marked and accounted for to make sure none <unk> into the black market |
thus a woman who used ru-486 to have an abortion would have to make three trips to the clinic past those picket lines an initial visit for medical <unk> <unk> and those with previous pregnancy problems are eliminated and to take the pill a second trip N hours later for the <unk> <unk> either via injection or <unk> <un... |
furthermore because timing is so critical with ru-486 she will learn via a <unk> examination and <unk> not only that she is pregnant but just how pregnant she is |
no doctor who fears <unk> liability would likely <unk> a <unk> patient to the risk of hemorrhaging |
many women may even see the dead embryo they have expelled a sight the <unk> industry typically <unk> them |
at seven weeks an embryo is about <unk> of an inch long and <unk> human |
at the <unk> of pro-choice members of congress a four-year <unk> bill for title x federal <unk> assistance now contains a $ N million grant for development evaluation and bringing to the marketplace of new improved contraceptive devices drugs and methods |
if this passes a senate version has already been cleared for a floor vote that is likely early next year it would put the federal government into the contraceptive marketing business for the first time |
it also could put the government into the ru-486 business which would please <unk> <unk> at what they view as <unk> in the private-sector drug industry |
we do not know whether ru-486 will be as <unk> as some of the earlier <unk> methods released to <unk> <unk> <unk> from educated people who should have known better |
remember the dalkon shield and the early <unk> pills |
we will not know until a first generation of female guinea pigs all of whom will be more than happy to volunteer for the job has put the abortion pill through the clinical test of time |
mrs. allen is a senior editor of insight magazine |
this article is adapted from one in the october american <unk> |
on june N a major part of our trade deficit went <unk> |
no figure <unk> no <unk> just <unk> improved recording of some of our exports |
the result |
the commerce department found that u.s. exports in N net of imports were <unk> by $ N billion a year and <unk> at the annualized rate of $ N billion in the first quarter of N |
more than half of the newly found net exports were from just a few <unk> categories |
some of the biggest <unk> exporters american <unk> companies for example have yet to be fully included in our export statistics |
nearly N years ago representatives of <unk> companies worked out a plan with the commerce department to improve the data on <unk> exports |
both groups believed that tens of billions of dollars of service exports such as <unk> tourism legal accounting and other professional services <unk> to foreigners financial engineering and construction services and the like were not being counted as exports |
the monthly trade deficit figure is limited to traditional merchandise trade manufactured goods and raw materials |
in the quarterly <unk> report those merchandise trade figures are merged with statistics on exports and imports of services as well as returns on investments abroad by americans and returns on foreign investments in the u.s. |
over time through benchmark surveys the corrected data on service exports and imports have been gathered |
the first three major areas of the service sector to be revamped were expenditures by foreign students in the u.s. net after expenditures by americans studying abroad some exports by professional firms a law firm billing a german client for services <unk> in watching legislation in washington is as much an export as s... |
in just these three areas the commerce department found $ N billion more exports than previously reported and $ N billion more imports with the net result that the u.s. service surplus in N increased by $ N billion to $ N billion |
combined with <unk> and revisions in other trade areas the value of u.s. net exports that had not previously been recorded was about $ N billion a year |
that means that the u.s. trade deficit was running closer to $ N billion than to $ N billion in N and $ N billion annualized rather than $ N billion in the first quarter of N |
these revised figures also may explain some of the recent strength of the dollar |
the <unk> smaller trade deficit may have been already discounted in the market |
what does this mean for trade policy |
too early to tell but a trade deficit that is significantly smaller than we <unk> does suggest a review of our trade posture |
it does not relieve the need for our <unk> efforts for both goods and services but it does suggest that it is our exports of services and not just borrowing that is financing our imports of goods |
mr. freeman is an executive vice president of american express |
the collapse of a $ N billion labor-management buy-out of united airlines parent ual corp. may not stop some of wall street 's top talent from collecting up to $ N million in fees |
according to one person familiar with the airline the buy-out group led by united 's pilots union and ual chairman stephen wolf has begun billing ual for fees and expenses it owes to investment bankers law firms and banks |
the <unk> even covers $ N million in commitment fees owed to citicorp and chase manhattan corp. even though their failure to obtain $ N billion in bank loans for the buy-out was the main reason for its collapse |
under a merger agreement reached sept. N the ual board agreed to reimburse certain of the buy-out group 's expenses out of company funds even if the transaction was n't completed provided the group did n't breach the agreement |
the failure to obtain financing does n't by itself constitute a breach |
the merger agreement says the buy-out group is entitled to be repaid $ N million in fees for its investment bankers lazard <unk> & co. and salomon brothers inc. and its law firm paul weiss <unk> <unk> & garrison |
the buy-out group is also entitled to $ N million to repay a fund created by the pilots union for an employee stock ownership plan |
in addition to the $ N million for citicorp and chase salomon brothers is also owed $ N million for promising to make a $ N million bridge loan |
a spokesman for the buy-out group was n't immediately available for comment |
separately ual stock rose $ N a share to $ N in composite trading on the new york stock exchange on reports that los angeles investor marvin davis has asked united airlines unions if they 're interested in <unk> with mr. davis in a new bid for ual |
but neither the pilots nor the machinists appear interested and mr. davis is barred from making a new bid under terms of an agreement he made with ual in september unless ual <unk> an offer below $ N a share |
wall street continued to buckle under the public outcry against computer-driven program trading |
kidder peabody & co. a unit of general electric co. announced it would stop doing stock-index arbitrage for its own account and merrill lynch & co. pulled out of the practice altogether |
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