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across the top of the ravine from cave 1 is large hall known as 's temple ( cave ) the portico has four pillars and two pilasters the hall has 3 chambers at the back the central one a shrine and the rest for priests ( both are plain rooms ) the door of the central shrine has pilasters and a frieze with the threshold ha... |
passing along the face of the eastern hill to the north of 's cave is a small hindu excavation with a veranda which was probably to be three cells but was abandoned following the discovery of a flaw in the rock towards the east of hill is a dry pond with large artificial boulders and buddhist cisterns along its banks a... |
the threats to elephanta caves have been identified as the following developmental pressures ( mainly due to its location within the mumbai harbour ) anthropogenic pressure due to growth of population of the communities residing on the island industrial growth of the port facilities close to the island no risk prepared... |
preservation of elephanta island as a whole with its monuments has been ensured both through legislation and by physical restoration of the caves and its sculptures the basic legislations enacted are the ancient monuments and archaeological sites and remains act of 1958 and rules ( 1959 ) the elephanta island ( protect... |
the archaeological survey of india ( asi ) aurangabad circle on the basis of the above legislation and rules maintain and manage the monuments the physical measures undertaken for conservation cover include stabilisation of the rock face construction of supports to the cave structures where pillars have collapsed and c... |
after declaring the caves a world heritage site unesco granted $ 100 @@ 000 to document the site's history and draw up a site plan a part of the grant was used for conservation of the caves based on assessments by unesco management plans include better communication and collaboration between the asi on @@ site staff an... |
the indian national trust for art and cultural heritage ( intach ) is also involved with the archaeological survey of india in improving the local conditions at the cave site a book has been published jointly by unesco intach and the government of india which presents a comprehensive site plan for restoration and a bri... |
devin garret townsend ( born may 5 1972 ) is a canadian musician songwriter and record producer he was the founder songwriter vocalist and guitarist in extreme metal band strapping young lad from 1994 to 2007 and has an extensive career as a solo artist |
after performing in a number of heavy metal bands in high school townsend was discovered by a record label in 1993 and was asked to perform lead vocals on steve vai's album sex & religion after recording and touring with vai townsend was discouraged by what he found in the music industry and vented his anger on the sol... |
townsend's solo albums a diverse mix of hard rock progressive metal ambient and new @@ age have featured a varying lineup of supporting musicians in 2002 he formed the devin townsend band a dedicated lineup which recorded and toured for two of his solo releases in 2007 he disbanded both strapping young lad and the devi... |
across all his bands and projects townsend has released twenty @@ three studio albums and three live albums townsend's trademark production style featuring a heavily multitracked wall of sound has been compared to the styles of phil spector and frank zappa his versatile vocal delivery ranges from screaming to an opera ... |
devin townsend was born in new westminster british columbia on may 5 1972 townsend picked up the banjo when he was five and began playing guitar when he was 12 as an early teenager he befriended brian beav waddell who would later play guitars as part of the devin townsend band and bass on the devin townsend project he ... |
townsend recorded a noisescapes demo and sent copies to various record labels relativity records responded to townsend with a record deal and townsend began work on what was to be the first noisescapes album promise shortly afterward the label introduced him to musician steve vai impressed with townsend's vocal work va... |
while on tour with the wildhearts townsend formed a short @@ lived thrash metal project with metallica's then @@ bassist jason newsted the band known as ir8 featured newsted on vocals and bass townsend on guitar and tom hunting of exodus on drums the group recorded a few songs together although townsend says that they ... |
though townsend was proud of what he had accomplished so early in his career he was discouraged by his experience with the music industry i was becoming a product of somebody else's imagination and it was mixing with my own personality he later reflected this combination was appalling he pushed to get his own proje... |
in 1994 century media records offered townsend a contract to make some extreme albums he agreed to a five @@ album deal with the record label and also provided much of the guitar work on the 1994 album millennium and the 1995 album hard wired by vancouver industrial band front line assembly townsend began to record ma... |
following the release of the record townsend and several other musician friends he knew in vancouver recorded his first solo album in 1996 entitled punky cooked on written and recorded in under a month the album was produced as a parody of punk rock bands and documents the act of selling out for mainstream success to... |
after the completion of city and ocean machine biomech townsend began to approach a mental breakdown i started to see human beings as little lonesome water based pink meat he explained life forms pushing air through themselves and making noises that the other little pieces of meat seemed to understand in 1997 he ch... |
with infinity townsend began to label all albums outside of strapping young lad under his own name dropping the ocean machine moniker to reduce confusion he wanted to show that despite the highly varied nature of his projects they are all simply aspects of his identity the album biomech was relabeled and redistributed ... |
townsend's next project took several years to come to fruition after the creation of the ir8 demo tape townsend and jason newsted had begun work on a new project called which they described as heavier than strapping young lad when the ir8 tape was leaked newsted's metallica bandmates james hetfield and lars ulrich le... |
feeling he had ostracized a bunch of fans with physicist townsend felt he had the chance to make a more personal and honest record townsend was inspired one morning while driving across canada with his band and looked to write an introspective album dedicated to his homeland he produced and recorded terria a highly ill... |
townsend's solo run lasted until 2002 after a five @@ year break from recording strapping young lad reunited to record a new album townsend credits the album strapping young lad as an emotional response to the attacks of september 11 2001 in the united states if the world's about to blow up said townsend let's write... |
while strapping young lad was being reunited townsend formed a new permanent band on par with strapping to record and tour for his solo releases the devin townsend band consisted of brian beav waddell on guitar mike young on bass ryan van poederooyen on drums and dave young on keyboards townsend performed guitar vocals... |
strapping young lad began working on their next album alien in march 2004 feeling that the band's previous album did not live up to expectations townsend decided to take his music to a new extreme to prepare for the new album townsend stopped taking the medication prescribed to treat his bipolar disorder i think that ... |
shortly thereafter townsend began putting together the next devin townsend band record with the working title human townsend intended the album as the more pleasant counterpart to alien it's basically a record about coming back down to earth after being in space with alien for a while the album ended up being renamed... |
townsend withdrew from touring to spend time with his family from home townsend completed his second solo ambient album the hummer releasing it exclusively on his website in november 2006 |
in may 2007 townsend released ziltoid the omniscient a tongue @@ in @@ cheek rock opera about the eponymous fictional alien this was truly a solo album he programmed the drums using from hell a software drum machine that uses samples recorded by tomas haake of meshuggah and played all other instruments himself shortly... |
in 2008 townsend lent his voice to characters in several episodes of the adult swim cartoon metalocalypse ( see musician cameos in metalocalypse for more ) the original character design for pickles the drummer one of the series' main characters bore a striking resemblance to townsend the series' co @@ creator brendon s... |
after removing himself from the music industry townsend cut his trademark hair off and gave up drinking and smoking townsend found it disconcerting that he had difficulty writing music without drugs and that he had trouble identifying his purpose as a musician he spent a year producing albums in absence of writing but ... |
over two years townsend wrote over 60 songs and found that they fit into four distinct styles in march 2009 townsend announced his plans for a four @@ album series called devin townsend project with the goal of clarifying his musical identity and being accountable for the persona he projects to the public the project'... |
ki the first album of the devin townsend project tetralogy was written to set the stage for the subsequent albums townsend channelled his new @@ found control and sobriety into ki a tense quiet album which contrasts with much of the music he had been known for additional female vocals were provided by ché aimee dorval ... |
the second entry a commercial yet heavy album called addicted was released in november 2009 and features lead vocals from townsend and dutch singer anneke van giersbergen brian beav waddell was recruited from the devin townsend band to play bass |
townsend returned to the stage in january 2010 touring north america with headliner between the buried and me as well as cynic and scale the summit this was followed by a headlining tour in australia and a series of high @@ profile shows in europe ( for example co @@ headlining the brutal assault festival in czech repu... |
the third and fourth albums in the devin townsend project series deconstruction and ghost were released simultaneously on june 21 2011 in december 2011 all four devin townsend project albums with additional material were released as the us box set townsend performed all four of devin townsend project albums in london ... |
despite the devin townsend project being originally a four @@ album series townsend decided to continue working under the moniker and released the fifth album epicloud on september 18 2012 again featuring anneke van giersbergen on vocals epicloud appeared on several european charts peaking at number 8 in finland on oct... |
another project townsend has mentioned several times between 2009 and 2012 is an album featuring creepy bass driven apocalyptic music created with an ampeg rig and an icelandic choir working with many projects simultaneously at that time townsend stated in 2012 the project is vying for pole position until he wakes u... |
after deconstruction and ghost townsend announced a new album casualties of cool with which he started to work after the release of epicloud the album features ché aimee dorval ( from ki ) on vocals and morgan on drums townsend described the album sounds like haunted johnny cash songs and late night music highlightin... |
the album was completed on november 2013 and a bonus disc was also made for the album containing the leftover material from the main album as well as songs from ghost 2 the unreleased compilation of leftover tracks from ghost originally in 2012 townsend stated that this album will be the sixth and the last album in the... |
from 2009 townsend worked on a long @@ running album project called z ² a sequel to the album ziltoid the omniscient ( 2007 ) originally in 2012 he teased he may have just written the heaviest thing he's ever done for the album and told there might a surprising lack of ziltoid himself appearing on the album however in ... |
after writing ideas for over 70 songs townsend stated he is finally going to finish the whole project followed by the announcement the album will be released on october 27 2014 the recording process started in may 2014 and the final project includes the album a ziltoid tv program and a live show with a big graphic nove... |
after finishing the album townsend stated the project was punishing and an absolute nightmare to complete due to amount of material against tight schedules he also described the hardship of the project by telling if he was ever going to start drinking [ again ] the last months would have been it but now he's starting ... |
townsend recently discussed at least a year @@ long hiatus beginning after the z ² show taking place at the royal albert hall on april 13 2015 during the indefinitely long break townsend intends to recharge his batteries get some inspiration and experiences and to see what the next chapter holds for him |
in 2014 devin recorded a' poppy sounding' song in los angeles with producer brian howes but has decided against releasing devin mentioned he is against the project being contrived due to the current hard rock undertones in popular music he described it as a lukewarm heavy metal devin song on december 11 2015 townsend ... |
as of april 2016 devin is in the middle of recording the seventh dtp album entitled transcendence at armoury studios in vancouver |
townsend has been married to tracy turner his girlfriend since he was 19 she gave birth to their first son liam townsend on october 4 2006 he is a vegetarian |
townsend designed his two main projects the aggressive strapping young lad and his more melodic solo material as counterparts strapping young lad's music was a diverse mix of extreme metal genres death metal thrash metal black metal and industrial metal townsend's solo material blends many genres and influences with el... |
as a self @@ proclaimed fan of multitracking townsend has developed a trademark production style featuring an atmospheric layered wall of sound townsend has drawn critical praise for his productions which are always marked by a sense of adventure intrigue chaotic atmospherics and overall aural pyrotechnics according... |
townsend mainly uses open c tuning for both six and seven string guitar he now also uses open b tuning and open b flat tuning ( open c tuning tuned a half and a whole step down respectively ) on his six string guitars townsend's technique varies from fingerpicking power chords and to sweep @@ picked arpeggios and tapp... |
townsend's employs a variety of vocal techniques in his work including screaming growling or even falsetto his vocal range has been noted to be over 5 octaves ( c2 to f7 ) |
townsend draws influence from a wide range of music genres most prominently heavy metal townsend has cited among others judas priest wasp frank zappa broadway musicals abba new @@ age music france king's x morbid angel grotus jane's addiction metallica cop shoot cop and fear factory as his influences and has also ex... |
the zagreb synagogue ( croatian ) was the main place of worship for the jewish community of zagreb in modern @@ day croatia it was constructed in 1867 in the kingdom of croatia @@ slavonia within the austrian empire and was used until it was demolished by the fascist authorities in 1941 in the axis @@ aligned indepen... |
the moorish revival synagogue designed after the tempel in vienna was located on modern @@ day praška street it has been the only purpose @@ built jewish house of worship in the history of the city it was one of the city's most prominent public buildings as well as one of the most esteemed examples of synagogue archit... |
since the 1980s plans have been made to rebuild the synagogue in its original location due to various political circumstances very limited progress has been made major disagreements exist between the government and jewish organizations as to how much the latter should be involved in decisions about the reconstruction p... |
encouraged by the 1782 edict of tolerance of emperor joseph ii jews first permanently settled in zagreb in the late eighteenth century and founded the jewish community in 1806 in 1809 the jewish community had a rabbi and by 1811 it had its own cemetery as early as 1833 the community was permitted to buy land for constr... |
by 1855 the community had grown to 700 members and on october 30 of that year the decision was made to build a new jewish synagogue the construction committee appointed in 1861 selected and purchased a parcel of land at the corner of maria valeria street ( now praška street ) and ban jelačić square the central town squ... |
franjo klein a vienna @@ born zagreb architect was commissioned to build the synagogue klein a representative of romantic historicism modeled the building on the viennese tempel ( 1858 ) a moorish revival temple designed by ludwig förster it became a prototype for synagogue design in central europe zagreb synagogue us... |
the composition of the main facade with its dominant drawn @@ out and elevated projection and the two symmetrical lower lateral parts reflects the internal division into three naves at ground @@ floor level the front was distinguished by the three @@ arch entrance and whereas the first @@ floor level had a high trifor... |
the synagogue occupied the greater part of the plot facing west it receded from the street regulation @@ line in accordance with the rule then still enforced in austria hungary prohibiting non @@ catholic places of worship from having a public entrance from the street the synagogue had a wider and slightly higher centr... |
construction began in 1866 and was completed the following year the synagogue was officially consecrated on september 27 1867 a ceremony attended by representatives of city and regional authorities zagreb public figures and many citizens it was the first prominent public building in zagreb's lower town and its architec... |
with the new synagogue an organ was introduced into religious service the small minority of orthodox jews found this change to be intolerable and they began to hold their services separately in rented rooms |
in the 1880 earthquake the synagogue suffered minor damage and was repaired the following year |
largely due to immigration from hungary bohemia and moravia the jewish population of zagreb quickly grew in size from 1 @@ 285 members in 1887 to 3 @@ 237 members in 1900 and then to 5 @@ 970 members in 1921 the synagogue became too small to accommodate the needs of the ever @@ growing community in 1921 a renovation wa... |
during the 1941 collapse of the kingdom of yugoslavia under the axis invasion in the april war the independent state of croatia was created it was ruled by the extreme nationalist ustaša regime the ustaša quickly started with the systematic persecution of the jews modeled after the nazi germany approach and at times ev... |
in october 1941 the newly installed mayor of zagreb ivan werner issued a decree ordering the demolition of the praška street synagogue ostensibly because it did not fit into the city's master plan the demolition began on october 10 1941 proceeding slowly so as not to damage the adjacent buildings it was finished by apr... |
a fragment of the film footage of the demolition was discovered five decades later by the film director during research for his 1993 documentary feature decline of the century testimony of l z 41 seconds of the film survives this footage was also shown in mira wolf's documentary the zagreb synagogue 1867 @@ 1942 ( 19... |
the synagogue's eight valuable torah scrolls were saved due to an intervention by leonardo grivičić an entrepreneur and industrialist who lived next door from mile budak a minister in the ustaša government he was also close to poglavnik ante pavelić and the third reich's ambassador to croatia edmund glaise @@ horstenau... |
shortly after the destruction of the synagogue the catholic archbishop of zagreb aloysius stepinac delivered a homily in which he said a house of god of any faith is a holy thing and whoever harms it will pay with their lives in this world and the next they will be punished |
the only surviving fragments of the building the wash @@ basin and two memorial tables from the forecourt as well as some parts of a column were saved by ivo kraus he pulled them from the rubble shortly after the end of world war ii the wash @@ basin and the memorial tables are now in the zagreb city museum the column ... |
only one in five croatian jews survived the holocaust of world war ii between 1948 and 1952 nearly one half of the surviving members of jewish community of zagreb opted for emigration to israel and the community dropped to one @@ tenth of its pre @@ war membership the yugoslav communist regime nationalized virtually al... |
after world war ii the vacant site of the former synagogue was used as a makeshift volleyball court the volleyball court made way for a prefabricated department store building constructed in 1959 the department store was completely destroyed in a fire on december 31 1980 and was subsequently dismantled despite some ear... |
after 1986 the jewish community of zagreb began to consider a jewish cultural center and a memorial synagogue two architects branko and boris both of whom participated in the failed 1977 department store competition came forward on their own accord and contributed their ideas for a new jewish center in praška street ... |
by the autumn of 1990 after the first democratic elections in croatia the municipal government finally approved the project an architectural competition was planned for january 1991 political turmoil in the country followed by the breakup of yugoslavia and the croatian war of independence ( 1991 1995 ) caused the proje... |
in the meantime the jewish community of zagreb sought to legally reacquire its property the croatian law was enacted in 1996 and the praška street parcel was finally returned to the community on december 31 1999 by 2000 reconstruction activities were invigorated again an investment study was submitted to the governmen... |
in september 2006 the government of croatia formed a construction workgroup it was decided that the project estimated at the time at hrk 173 million ( us $ 30 million ) would be partially financed by the government of croatia and the city of zagreb and that both jewish organizations should be represented in the workgro... |
further disagreements existed about the design and character of the new building facsimile reconstruction while feasible was not seriously contemplated there was a general agreement that the new building should also have a cultural as well as commercial purpose while the jewish community of zagreb envisioned a modern d... |
in 2014 and 2015 the jewish community of zagreb presented new plans for a 10 @@ 600 m2 ( 114 @@ 000 sq ft ) multi @@ purpose jewish center and synagogue in praška street |
the 1806 great coastal hurricane was a severe and damaging storm along the east coast of the united states which produced upwards of 36 in ( 91 cm ) of rainfall in parts of massachusetts first observed east of the lesser antilles on 17 august the hurricane arrived at the bahamas by 19 august the disturbance continued t... |
the great coastal hurricane of 1806 was first noted far east of the lesser antilles on 17 august weather historian david m ludlum followed the disturbance's track to the bahamas by 19 august intense winds persisted until 21 august however approximately 150 mi ( 240 km ) east of the bahamian island of eleuthera steering... |
the hurricane damaged several vessels while still drifting at sea dispersing and damaging jérôme bonaparte's fleet and dismasting the 74 @@ gun french ship of the line impétueux which later landed near cape henry |
in charleston south carolina the hurricane washed aground several ships and uprooted numerous trees though damage to the city harbor was minimal the lighthouse on north island flanking winyah bay collapsed under high winds and in georgetown proper the hurricane was considered to be the worst since the 1804 antigua char... |
moderate damage occurred upon the hurricane's arrival in norfolk virginia winds toppled a number of newly built structures and chimneys uprooted trees and fences and washed two watercraft aground after the storm alterations to the shoreline around the chesapeake bay permitted the full establishment of a town at willoug... |
forward intelligence teams ( fits ) are two or more police officers who are deployed by uk police forces to gather intelligence on the ground and in some circumstances to disrupt activists and deter anti @@ social behaviour they use cameras camcorders and audio recorders to conduct overt surveillance of the public an u... |
political activists have criticised fits and said that they feel the aim of fit deployment during protests is to prevent legal protests journalists have also complained that fits attempt to stop them photographing protests and that they conduct surveillance of journalists a campaign group fitwatch formed in 2007 that a... |
fits were first formed in the early 1990s as part of the public order intelligence unit ( ) a section of the public order branch of the metropolitan police they initially targeted football fans hunt saboteurs and political protesters ( since at least 1996 ) using cameras camcorders and audio recorders to conduct overt... |
more recently the teams' purpose has been extended to routine police work on low @@ level crime and anti @@ social behaviour and police forces throughout the uk now have their own fits despite the implication in their name that their function is to merely gather intelligence they are also intended to have a deterrent e... |
operation leopard is exactly the sort of intensive policing that can bring persistent offenders to their senses relentless filming of them and their associates throughout the day and night |
linda catt an activist has suggested that their tactics are designed to intimidate people and prevent lawful dissent this view is echoed by a police debriefing of their operations at the 2008 camp for climate action which praised fits at the event for disrupting activists |
in june 2010 the home office announced it would review the use of fits during public order policing the move was influenced by the discovery that information collected by fits included that which was unrelated to suspected crimes for example recording who made speeches at demonstrations |
in october 2010 fit officers in plain clothes were spotted by a press photographer at a protest against companies avoiding tax despite commander bob broadhurst telling a parliamentary committee in may 2009 that only uniformed officers distinguishable by their blue and yellow jackets were involved in gathering intellige... |
liberty brought a judicial review of the overt surveillance practices in may 2008 which was decided in favour of the police however the police were asked to clarify their evidence to the court of appeal following an investigation by the guardian newspaper |
in may 2009 the court of appeal ruled that photographs collected by fits of people who have not committed a criminal offence can no longer be kept the ruling was made after andrew wood an arms trade activist was photographed after challenging the management of reed elsevier at their agm over them organising arms trade ... |
in a report about the policing of the 2009 g @@ 20 london summit protests denis o'connor the chief inspector of constabulary stated that the routine use of fits at protests raises fundamental privacy issues and should be reviewed he also said that there was confusion over the role of fits and advised that the home off... |
the information that fits collect is stored on the crimint database which is used daily by police officers to catalogue criminal intelligence people are listed by name allowing police to determine which events individuals have attended photographs obtained by fits are used to produce spotter cards consisting of people'... |
a 2006 report the economics of mass surveillance calculated that the use of fits at mass gatherings involves gathering intelligence on roughly 1 @@ 200 people to record the actions of one person the report also noted that most of the people on spotter cards used by the police photographers were those involved in the o... |
fitwatch ( formed in early 2007 ) campaign against fits by actively obstructing their operations and by passively opposing their operations by photographing units ( a form of sousveillance ) |
in june 2009 the guardian released video evidence recorded by a fit at the 2008 climate camp of alleged police brutality against two female members of fitwatch the women had asked police officers to reveal their shoulder numbers as at least four officers had not displayed them the women attempted to photograph the poli... |
three members of fitwatch were convicted for obstructing fit officers in june 2008 as they attempted to photograph those attending a no borders meeting in london in july 2010 the inner london crown court overturned the men's convictions with the judge stating that the protesters' human rights may have been violated by ... |
on 15 november 2010 the hosts of the fitwatch blog were asked by the police national e @@ crime unit to take down the website due to it being used to undertake criminal activities the request came after a post on the blog after the 2010 student protest in london which advised students of actions they should take if th... |
the national union of journalists ( nuj ) has criticised fits for their surveillance and sometimes violent harassment of working journalists marc vallee who was hospitalised by police after documenting a protest has said that the teams limit freedom of the press and called on the home office to confirm that the police ... |
the bbc tv series panorama produced an episode entitled what ever happened to people power in july 2009 which discussed the use of fits in targeting activists and journalists |
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