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greater manchester police operate a video intelligence unit whose plainclothes officers confront and video certain freed prisoners as they leave prison after serving their sentences they also record footage of people involved in anti @@ social behaviour on the streets the aim is to give other police officers up to date... |
trinsey v pennsylvania 941 f2d 224 was a case decided by the united states court of appeals for the third circuit that confirmed the validity of special elections held without a primary under the fourteenth and seventeenth amendments to the united states constitution the case came about due to the death of h john heinz... |
after deciding that the statute's subject matter necessitated the strict scrutiny approach the district court decided on june 10 1991 that it was an unconstitutional violation of the right to vote for and select senate candidates this decision was appealed to the court of appeals for the third circuit who decided again... |
on april 4 1991 h john heinz iii one of the us senators from pennsylvania was killed when his chartered plane collided with a helicopter inspecting its landing gear under the seventeenth amendment to the united states constitution the legislature of each state has the power to permit the governor to fill the vacant sea... |
trinsey argued that by failing to allow for primaries the state legislation prevented him from getting to select a candidate of his choice and that this violated the fourteenth amendment the terms of the statute ( and absence of a requirement for primaries ) also allegedly infringed the rights of the electorate under t... |
the case was first heard in the united states district court for the eastern district of pennsylvania where following oral arguments the judge dismissed both trinsey's motion to remove wofford and the commonwealth's motion to dismiss on june 10 1991 however the district court declared the statute unconstitutional stati... |
with this the public press and political parties quickly turned their attention to the case with the republican state committee of pennsylvania ( supported by their democratic counterparts ) and several prominent politicians intervening they moved to expedite an appeal to the court of appeals for the third circuit in ... |
laura e little writing in the temple law review notes the dearth of guidance for either the district court or court of appeals in trinsey with no explicit direction and no direct precedent from either the constitutional provisions or prior case law to rely on in the absence of guidance the court of appeals took a narro... |
michael jeffrey jordan ( born february 17 1963 ) also known by his initials mj is an american retired professional basketball player he is also a businessman and principal owner and chairman of the charlotte hornets jordan played 15 seasons in the national basketball association ( nba ) for the chicago bulls and washin... |
jordan played three seasons for coach dean smith at the university of north carolina he was a member of the tar heels' national championship team in 1982 jordan joined the nba's chicago bulls in 1984 as the third overall draft pick he quickly emerged as a league star entertaining crowds with his prolific scoring his le... |
jordan's individual accolades and accomplishments include five most valuable player ( mvp ) awards ten all @@ nba first team designations nine all @@ defensive first team honors fourteen nba all @@ star game appearances three all @@ star game mvp awards ten scoring titles three steals titles six nba finals mvp awards a... |
jordan is also known for his product endorsements he fueled the success of nike's air jordan sneakers which were introduced in 1985 and remain popular today jordan also starred in the 1996 feature film space jam as himself in 2006 he became part @@ owner and head of basketball operations for the then @@ charlotte bobca... |
jordan was born in brooklyn new york the son of ( née peoples ) who worked in banking and james r jordan sr an equipment supervisor his family moved to wilmington north carolina when he was a toddler |
jordan is the fourth of five children he has two older brothers larry jordan and james r jordan jr one older sister and a younger sister roslyn jordan's brother james retired in 2006 as the command sergeant major of the 35th signal brigade of the xviii airborne corps in the us army |
jordan attended emsley a laney high school in wilmington where he anchored his athletic career by playing baseball football and basketball he tried out for the varsity basketball team during his sophomore year but at 5' 11 ( 1 @@ 80 m ) he was deemed too short to play at that level his taller friend harvest leroy smith... |
motivated to prove his worth jordan became the star of laney's junior varsity squad and tallied several 40 @@ point games the following summer he grew four inches ( 10 cm ) and trained rigorously upon earning a spot on the varsity roster jordan averaged about 20 points per game over his final two seasons of high school... |
jordan was recruited by numerous college basketball programs including duke north carolina south carolina syracuse and virginia in 1981 jordan accepted a basketball scholarship to north carolina where he majored in cultural geography |
as a freshman in coach dean smith's team @@ oriented system he was named acc freshman of the year after he averaged 13 @@ 4 points per game ( ppg ) on 53 @@ 4 shooting ( field goal percentage ) he made the game @@ winning jump shot in the 1982 ncaa championship game against georgetown which was led by future nba rival ... |
during his first season in the nba jordan averaged 28 @@ 2 ppg on 51 @@ 5 shooting he quickly became a fan favorite even in opposing arenas and appeared on the cover of sports illustrated with the heading a star is born just over a month into his professional career jordan was also voted in as an all @@ star starter by... |
jordan's second season was cut short by a broken foot in the third game of the season which caused him to miss 64 games despite jordan's injury and a 30 52 record ( at the time it was fifth worst record of any team to qualify for the playoffs in nba history ) the bulls made the playoffs jordan recovered in time to part... |
jordan had recovered completely by the 1986 87 season and had one of the most prolific scoring seasons in nba history he became the only player other than wilt chamberlain to score 3 @@ 000 points in a season averaging a league high 37 @@ 1 points on 48 @@ 2 shooting in addition jordan demonstrated his defensive prowes... |
jordan led the league in scoring again in the 1987 88 season averaging 35 @@ 0 ppg on 53 @@ 5 shooting and won his first league mvp award he was also named the defensive player of the year as he had averaged 1 @@ 6 blocks and a league high 3 @@ 16 steals per game the bulls finished 50 32 and made it out of the first ro... |
in the 1988 89 season jordan again led the league in scoring averaging 32 @@ 5 ppg on 53 @@ 8 shooting from the field along with 8 rpg and 8 assists per game ( apg ) the bulls finished with a 47 35 record and advanced to the eastern conference finals defeating the cavaliers and new york knicks along the way the cavalie... |
the bulls entered the 1989 90 season as a team on the rise with their core group of jordan and young improving players like scottie pippen and horace grant and under the guidance of new coach phil jackson jordan averaged a league leading 33 @@ 6 ppg on 52 @@ 6 shooting to go with 6 @@ 9 rpg and 6 @@ 3 apg in leading th... |
in the 1990 91 season jordan won his second mvp award after averaging 31 @@ 5 ppg on 53 @@ 9 shooting 6 @@ 0 rpg and 5 @@ 5 apg for the regular season the bulls finished in first place in their division for the first time in 16 years and set a franchise record with 61 wins in the regular season with scottie pippen deve... |
the bulls advanced to the nba finals for the first time in franchise history to face magic johnson and james worthy and beat the los angeles lakers four games to one compiling an outstanding 15 2 playoff record along the way perhaps the best known moment of the series came in game 2 when attempting a dunk jordan avoide... |
jordan and the bulls continued their dominance in the 1991 92 season establishing a 67 15 record topping their franchise record from 1990 to 91 jordan won his second consecutive mvp award with averages of 30 @@ 1 points 6 @@ 4 rebounds and 6 @@ 1 assists per game on 52 shooting after winning a physical 7 @@ game series... |
in the 1992 93 season despite a 32 @@ 6 ppg 6 @@ 7 rpg and 5 @@ 5 apg campaign jordan's streak of consecutive mvp seasons ended as he lost the award to his friend charles barkley coincidentally jordan and the bulls met barkley and his phoenix suns in the 1993 nba finals the bulls won their third nba championship on a g... |
during the bulls' playoff run in 1993 controversy arose when jordan was seen gambling in atlantic city new jersey the night before a game against the new york knicks in that same year he admitted to having to cover $ 57 @@ 000 in gambling losses and author richard wrote a book claiming he had won $ 1 @@ 25 million fro... |
on october 6 1993 jordan announced his retirement citing a loss of desire to play the game jordan later stated that the murder of his father earlier in the year also shaped his decision jordan's father was murdered on july 23 1993 at a highway rest area in lumberton north carolina by two teenagers daniel green and larr... |
in his 1998 autobiography for the love of the game jordan wrote that he had been preparing for retirement as early as the summer of 1992 the added exhaustion due to the dream team run in the 1992 olympics solidified jordan's feelings about the game and his ever @@ growing celebrity status jordan's announcement sent sho... |
jordan then further surprised the sports world by signing a minor league baseball contract with the chicago white sox on february 7 1994 he reported to spring training in sarasota florida and was assigned to the team's minor league system on march 31 1994 jordan has stated this decision was made to pursue the dream of ... |
in 1994 jordan played for the birmingham barons a double @@ a minor league affiliate of the chicago white sox batting 202 with three home runs 51 runs batted in 30 stolen bases 114 strikeouts 51 base on balls and 11 errors he also appeared for the scottsdale scorpions in the 1994 arizona fall league batting 252 against... |
in the 1993 94 season the bulls without jordan achieved a 55 27 record and lost to the new york knicks in the second round of the playoffs but the 1994 95 bulls were a shell of the championship team of just two years earlier struggling at mid @@ season to ensure a spot in the playoffs chicago was 31 31 at one point in ... |
in march 1995 jordan decided to quit baseball due to the ongoing major league baseball strike as he wanted to avoid becoming a potential replacement player on march 18 1995 jordan announced his return to the nba through a two @@ word press release i'm back the next day jordan wore jersey number 45 ( his number with t... |
although he had not played an nba game in a year and a half jordan played well upon his return making a game @@ winning jump shot against atlanta in his fourth game back he then scored 55 points in the next game against the knicks at madison square garden on march 28 1995 boosted by jordan's comeback the bulls went 13 ... |
freshly motivated by the playoff defeat jordan trained aggressively for the 1995 96 season strengthened by the addition of rebound specialist dennis rodman the bulls dominated the league starting the season 41 3 and eventually finishing with the then @@ best regular season record in nba history ( later surpassed by the... |
in the playoffs the bulls lost only three games in four series ( miami heat 3 @@ 0 new york knicks 4 @@ 1 orlando magic 4 @@ 0 ) they defeated the seattle supersonics 4 @@ 2 in the nba finals to win their fourth championship jordan was named finals mvp for a record fourth time surpassing magic johnson's three finals mv... |
in the 1996 97 season the bulls started out 69 11 but missed out on a second consecutive 70 @@ win season by losing their final two games to finish 69 13 however this year jordan was beaten for the nba mvp award by karl malone the bulls again advanced to the finals where they faced malone and the utah jazz the series a... |
jordan and the bulls compiled a 62 20 record in the 1997 98 season jordan led the league with 28 @@ 7 points per game securing his fifth regular @@ season mvp award plus honors for all @@ nba first team first defensive team and the all @@ star game mvp the bulls won the eastern conference championship for a third strai... |
the bulls returned to the delta center for game 6 on june 14 1998 leading the series 3 2 jordan executed a series of plays considered to be one of the greatest clutch performances in nba finals history with the bulls trailing 86 83 with 41 @@ 9 seconds remaining in the fourth quarter phil jackson called a timeout when ... |
with phil jackson's contract expiring the pending departures of scottie pippen and dennis rodman looming and being in the latter stages of an owner @@ induced lockout of nba players jordan retired for the second time on january 13 1999 on january 19 2000 jordan returned to the nba not as a player but as part owner and ... |
despite his january 1999 claim that he was 99 @@ 9 certain that he would never play another nba game in the summer of 2001 jordan expressed interest in making another comeback this time with his new team inspired by the nhl comeback of his friend mario lemieux the previous winter jordan spent much of the spring and sum... |
on september 25 2001 jordan announced his return to the nba to play for the washington wizards indicating his intention to donate his salary as a player to a relief effort for the victims of the september 11 2001 attacks in an injury @@ plagued 2001 02 season he led the team in scoring ( 22 @@ 9 ppg ) assists ( 5 @@ 2 ... |
playing in his 14th and final nba all @@ star game in 2003 jordan passed kareem abdul @@ jabbar as the all @@ time leading scorer in all @@ star game history ( a record since broken by kobe bryant ) that year jordan was the only washington player to play in all 82 games starting in 67 of them he averaged 20 @@ 0 points... |
with the recognition that 2002 03 would be jordan's final season tributes were paid to him throughout the nba in his final game at his old home court the united center in chicago jordan received a four @@ minute standing ovation the miami heat retired the number 23 jersey on april 11 2003 even though jordan never playe... |
jordan's final nba game was on april 16 2003 in philadelphia after scoring only 13 points in the game jordan went to the bench with 4 minutes and 13 seconds remaining in the third quarter and with his team trailing the philadelphia 76ers 75 56 just after the start of the fourth quarter the first union center crowd bega... |
jordan played on two olympic gold medal @@ winning american basketball teams as a college player he participated and won the gold in the 1984 summer olympics the team was coached by bob knight and featured players such as patrick ewing sam perkins chris mullin steve alford and wayman tisdale jordan led the team in scor... |
in the 1992 summer olympics he was a member of the star @@ studded squad that included magic johnson larry bird and david robinson and was dubbed the dream team jordan was the only player to start all 8 games in the olympics playing limited minutes due to the frequent blowouts jordan averaged 14 @@ 9 ppg finishing sec... |
after his third retirement jordan assumed that he would be able to return to his front office position of director of basketball operations with the wizards however his previous tenure in the wizards' front office had produced the aforementioned mixed results and may have also influenced the trade of richard rip hamilt... |
jordan kept busy over the next few years by staying in shape playing golf in celebrity charity tournaments spending time with his family in chicago promoting his jordan brand clothing line and riding motorcycles since 2004 jordan has owned michael jordan motorsports a professional closed @@ course motorcycle road racin... |
on june 15 2006 jordan bought a minority stake in the charlotte bobcats becoming the team's second @@ largest shareholder behind majority owner robert l johnson as part of the deal jordan took full control over the basketball side of the operation with the title managing member of basketball operations despite jordan'... |
in february 2010 it was reported that jordan was seeking majority ownership of the bobcats as february wore on it emerged that the leading contenders for the team were jordan and former houston rockets president george on february 27 the bobcats announced that johnson had reached an agreement with jordan and his group... |
during the 2011 nba lockout the new york times wrote that jordan led a group of 10 to 14 hardline owners wanting to cap the players' share of basketball @@ related income at 50 percent and as low as 47 journalists observed that during the labor dispute in 1998 jordan had told washington wizards then @@ owner abe pollin... |
during the 2011 12 nba season which was shortened to 66 games the bobcats posted a 7 59 record their winning percentage was the worst in nba history i'm not real happy about the record book scenario last year it's very very frustrating jordan said later that year |
on may 21 2013 jordan filed papers to change the bobcats' name to the hornets effective with the 2014 15 season the hornets name had become available when the original hornets who had moved to new orleans in 2002 changed their name to the new orleans pelicans for the 2013 14 season the nba approved the change on july 1... |
jordan was a shooting guard who was also capable of playing as a small forward ( the position he would primarily play during his second return to professional basketball with the washington wizards ) and as a point guard jordan was known throughout his career for being a strong clutch performer with the bulls he decide... |
jordan had a versatile offensive game he was capable of aggressively driving to the basket as well as drawing fouls from his opponents at a high rate his 8 @@ 772 free throw attempts are the ninth @@ highest total of all time as his career progressed jordan also developed the ability to post up his opponents and score ... |
in 1988 jordan was honored with the nba's defensive player of the year award and became the first nba player to win both the defensive player of the year and mvp awards in a career ( since equaled by hakeem olajuwon david robinson and kevin garnett olajuwon is the only player other than jordan to win both during the sa... |
jordan's marked talent was clear from his rookie season in his first game in madison square garden against the new york knicks jordan received a prolonged standing ovation a rarity for an opposing player after jordan scored a playoff record 63 points against the boston celtics on april 20 1986 celtics star larry bird d... |
jordan led the nba in scoring in 10 seasons ( nba record ) and tied wilt chamberlain's record of seven consecutive scoring titles he was also a fixture on the nba all @@ defensive first team making the roster nine times ( nba record shared with gary payton kevin garnett and kobe bryant ) jordan also holds the top caree... |
with five regular @@ season mvps ( tied for second place with bill russell only kareem abdul @@ jabbar has won more six ) six finals mvps ( nba record ) and three all @@ star mvps jordan is the most decorated player ever to play in the nba jordan finished among the top three in regular @@ season mvp voting a record 10 ... |
many of jordan's contemporaries say that jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time in 1999 an espn survey of journalists athletes and other sports figures ranked jordan the greatest north american athlete of the 20th century above such luminaries as babe ruth and muhammad ali jordan placed second to babe rut... |
jordan's athletic leaping ability highlighted in his back @@ to @@ back slam dunk contest championships in 1987 and 1988 is credited by many with having influenced a generation of young players several current nba all @@ stars have stated that they considered jordan their role model while growing up including lebron ja... |
i think it was the exposure of michael jordan the marketing of michael jordan everything was marketed towards the things that people wanted to see which was scoring and dunking that michael jordan still played defense and an all @@ around game but it was never really publicized |
although jordan has done much to increase the status of the game some of his impact on the game's popularity in america appears to be fleeting television ratings in particular increased only during his time in the league and finals ratings have not returned to the level reached during his last championship @@ winning s... |
in august 2009 the basketball hall of fame in springfield massachusetts opened a michael jordan exhibit containing items from his college and nba careers as well as from the 1992 dream team the exhibit also has a batting glove to signify jordan's short career in baseball after jordan received word of his being accepte... |
he married juanita in september 1989 and they have two sons jeffrey michael and marcus james and a daughter jasmine jordan and filed for divorce on january 4 2002 citing irreconcilable differences but reconciled shortly thereafter they again filed for divorce and were granted a final decree of dissolution of marriage... |
in 1991 jordan purchased a lot in highland park illinois to build a 56 @@ 000 square foot mansion which was completed four years later both of his sons attended loyola academy a private roman catholic high school located in wilmette illinois jeffrey graduated as a member of the 2007 graduating class and played his firs... |
on july 21 2006 a judge in cook county illinois determined that jordan did not owe his alleged former lover karla knafel $ 5 million in a breach of contract claim jordan had allegedly paid knafel $ 250 @@ 000 to keep their relationship a secret knafel claimed jordan promised her $ 5 million for remaining silent and agr... |
he proposed to his longtime girlfriend cuban @@ american model yvette prieto on christmas eve 2011 and they were married on april 27 2013 at bethesda @@ by @@ the @@ sea episcopal church it was announced on november 30 2013 that the two were expecting their first child together jordan listed his highland park mansion f... |
jordan's private jet features a stripe in carolina blue the air jordan logo on the tail and references to his career in the identification number |
jordan is one of the most marketed sports figures in history he has been a major spokesman for such brands as nike coca @@ cola chevrolet gatorade mcdonald's ball park franks wheaties hanes and mci jordan has had a long relationship with gatorade appearing in over 20 commercials for the company since 1991 including t... |
nike created a signature shoe for him called the air jordan one of jordan's more popular commercials for the shoe involved spike lee playing the part of mars blackmon in the commercials lee as blackmon attempted to find the source of jordan's abilities and became convinced that it's gotta be the shoes the hype and dem... |
jordan also has been associated with the looney tunes cartoon characters a nike commercial shown during 1992's super bowl xxvi featured jordan and bugs bunny playing basketball the super bowl commercial inspired the 1996 live action / animated film space jam which starred jordan and bugs in a fictional story set during... |
jordan's yearly income from the endorsements is estimated to be over forty million dollars in addition when jordan's power at the ticket gates was at its highest point the bulls regularly sold out both their home and road games due to this jordan set records in player salary by signing annual contracts worth in excess ... |
most of jordan's endorsement deals including his first deal with nike were engineered by his agent david falk jordan has described falk as the best at what he does and that marketing @@ wise he's great he's the one who came up with the concept of' air jordan' |
in june 2010 jordan was ranked by forbes magazine as the 20th @@ most powerful celebrity in the world with $ 55 million earned between june 2009 and june 2010 according to the forbes article jordan brand generates $ 1 billion in sales for nike in june 2014 jordan was named the first nba player to become a billionaire a... |
polish culture during world war ii was suppressed by the occupying powers of nazi germany and the soviet union both of whom were hostile to poland's people and cultural heritage policies aimed at cultural genocide resulted in the deaths of thousands of scholars and artists and the theft and destruction of innumerable c... |
the occupiers looted and destroyed much of poland's cultural and historical heritage while persecuting and murdering members of the polish cultural elite most polish schools were closed and those that remained open saw their curricula altered significantly |
nevertheless underground organizations and individuals in particular the polish underground state saved much of poland's most valuable cultural treasures and worked to salvage as many cultural institutions and artifacts as possible the catholic church and wealthy individuals contributed to the survival of some artists ... |
in 1795 poland ceased to exist as an sovereign nation and throughout the 19th century remained partitioned by degrees between prussian austrian and russian empires not until the end of world war i was independence restored and the nation reunited although the drawing of boundary lines was of necessity a contentious iss... |
on 1 september 1939 germany invaded poland initiating world war ii in europe and on 17 september pursuant to the molotov @@ ribbentrop pact poland was invaded by the soviet union subsequently poland was partitioned again between these two powers and remained under occupation for most of the war by 1 october germany and... |
germany's policy toward the polish nation and its culture evolved during the course of the war many german officials and military officers were initially not given any clear guidelines on the treatment of polish cultural institutions but this quickly changed immediately following the invasion of poland in september 193... |
much of the german policy on polish culture was formulated during a meeting between the governor of the general government hans frank and nazi minister of propaganda joseph goebbels at łódź on 31 october 1939 goebbels declared that the polish nation is not worthy to be called a cultured nation he and frank agreed that... |
in march 1940 all cultural activities came under the control of the general government's department of people's education and propaganda ( abteilung für und propaganda ) whose name was changed a year later to the chief propaganda department ( propaganda ) further directives issued in the spring and early summer refle... |
in 1941 german policy evolved further calling for the complete destruction of the polish people whom the nazis regarded as subhumans ( untermenschen ) within ten to twenty years the polish territories under german occupation were to be entirely cleared of ethnic poles and settled by german colonists the policy was rela... |
given that the second polish republic was a multicultural state german policies and propaganda also sought to create and encourage conflicts between ethnic groups fueling tension between poles and jews and between poles and ukrainians in łódź the germans forced jews to help destroy a monument to a polish hero tadeusz k... |
in 1939 as the occupation regime was being established the nazis confiscated polish state property and much private property countless art objects were looted and taken to germany in line with a plan that had been drawn up well in advance of the invasion the looting was supervised by experts of the ss @@ ahnenerbe eins... |
many places of learning and culture universities schools libraries museums theaters and cinemas were either closed or designated as nur für deutsche ( for germans only ) twenty @@ five museums and a host of other institutions were destroyed during the war according to one estimate by war's end 43 of the infrastructure ... |
many university professors as well as teachers lawyers artists writers priests and other members of the polish intelligentsia were arrested and executed or transported to concentration camps during operations such as ab @@ aktion this particular campaign resulted in the infamous krakau and the massacre of lwów profess... |
as part of their program to suppress polish culture the german nazis attempted to destroy christianity in poland with a particular emphasis on the roman catholic church in some parts of occupied poland poles were restricted or even forbidden from attending religious services at the same time church property was confisc... |
to forestall the rise of a new generation of educated poles german officials decreed that the schooling of polish children would be limited to a few years of elementary education reichsführer @@ ss heinrich himmler wrote in a memorandum of may 1940 the sole purpose of this schooling is to teach them simple arithmetic ... |
the state of polish primary schools was somewhat better in the general government though by the end of 1940 only 30 of prewar schools were operational and only 28 of prewar polish children attended them a german police memorandum of august 1943 described the situation as follows |
pupils sit crammed together without necessary materials and often without skilled teaching staff moreover the polish schools are closed during at least five months out of the ten months of the school year due to lack of coal or other fuel of twenty @@ thirty spacious school buildings which kraków had before 1939 today ... |
in the general government the remaining schools were subjugated to the german educational system and the number and competence of their polish staff was steadily scaled down all universities and most secondary schools were closed if not immediately after the invasion then by mid @@ 1940 by late 1940 no official polish ... |
the germans were especially active in the destruction of jewish culture in poland nearly all of the wooden synagogues there were destroyed moreover the sale of jewish literature was banned throughout poland |
polish literature faced a similar fate in territories annexed by germany where the sale of polish books was forbidden the public destruction of polish books was not limited to those seized from libraries but also included those books that were confiscated from private homes the last polish book titles not already prosc... |
polish flags and other symbols were confiscated the war on the polish language included the tearing down of signs in polish and the banning of polish speech in public places persons who spoke polish in the streets were often insulted and even physically assaulted the germanization of place names prevailed many treasure... |
the germans prohibited publication of any regular polish @@ language book literary study or scholarly paper in 1940 several german @@ controlled printing houses began operating in occupied poland publishing items such as polish @@ german dictionaries and antisemitic and anticommunist novels |
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