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Cyprus, beginning the Venetian conquest of Cyprus. August 26 – Baeda Maryam succeeds his father Zara Yaqob, as Emperor of Ethiopia. October 14 – The Treaty of Péronne is signed by Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and Louis XI of France. Date unknown The Lancastrians surrender Harlech Castle to King Edward IV of Engl... | succeeds his father Zara Yaqob, as Emperor of Ethiopia. October 14 – The Treaty of Péronne is signed by Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and Louis XI of France. Date unknown The Lancastrians surrender Harlech Castle to King Edward IV of England after a seven-year siege. The Great Council of the Republic of Venice at... |
January 4 Henry the Younger of Stolberg, Stadtholder of Friesland (1506–1508) (d. 1508) Bodo VIII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode (1511–1538) (d. 1538) January 26 – Guillaume Budé, French scholar (d. 1540) February 2 – Columba of Rieti, Italian Dominican tertiary Religious Sister (d. 1501) March 19 – Bartolomeo della Ro... | under Stephen III of Moldavia decisively defeat the forces of Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, at Baia (present-day Romania). This is the last Hungarian attempt to subdue the Principality of Moldavia. Date unknown Third Siege of Krujë: A few months after the failure of the second siege, Mehmed II leads another unsuc... |
(d. 1536) June 18 – Ottaviano Petrucci, Italian music printer (d. 1539) July 5 – Giovanni Sforza, Italian noble (d. 1510) August 10 – Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua (d. 1519) September 9 – Ashikaga Yoshitane, Japanese shōgun (d. 1523) October 28 – Erasmus, Dutch philosopher (d. 1536) November 16 – Francesco C... | Year 1466 (MCDLXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000(M)+(-100(C)+500(D))+50(L)+10(X)+5(V)+1(I) = 1466). Events The Kingdom of Georgia collapses into anarchy, and fragments into riv... |
II, as the 211th pope. Date unknown In China, a small rebellion occurs in the interior province of Huguang, during the Ming Dynasty; a subsequent rebellion springs up in Guangxi, where a rebellion of the Miao people and Yao people forces the Ming throne to respond, by sending 30,000 troops (including 1,000 Mongol caval... | the 211th pope. Date unknown In China, a small rebellion occurs in the interior province of Huguang, during the Ming Dynasty; a subsequent rebellion springs up in Guangxi, where a rebellion of the Miao people and Yao people forces the Ming throne to respond, by sending 30,000 troops (including 1,000 Mongol cavalry) to ... |
Florentine patron of the arts (d. 1503) September 29 – Louis I, Count of Löwenstein and founder of the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim (d. 1523) October 20 or October 29 – Alessandro Achillini, Bolognese philosopher (d. 1512) November 29 – Andrea della Valle, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1534) December 25 – Johann of Sch... | Andrea della Valle, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1534) December 25 – Johann of Schwarzenberg, German judge and poet (d. 1528) date unknown – Caterina Sforza, countess and regent of Forli (d. 1509) Deaths March 9 – Catherine of Bologna, Italian Roman Catholic nun and saint (b. 1413) May 25 – King Stephen Tomašević of B... |
Wales. August 3 – While supervising a siege of English occupiers of Roxburgh Castle, King James II of Scotland is killed, when one of his own cannons explodes. December 30 – Wars of the Roses – Battle of Wakefield: A Lancastrian army under Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset and Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland decisiv... | 29 – Louis II de la Trémoille, French military leader (d. 1525) date unknown Vasco da Gama, Portuguese explorer (d. 1524) Isabella Hoppringle, Scottish abbess and spy (d. 1538) Svante Nilsson, regent of Sweden (d. 1512) Ana de Mendonça, Spanish courtier (d. 1542) Edward Sutton, 2nd Baron Dudley, English nobleman (d. 15... |
makes an appearance, as noted by the humanist scholar Platina. July 7 – A retrial of Joan of Arc acquits her of heresy, 25 years after her execution. July 22 – Battle of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade): The Hungarians under John Hunyadi rout the Turkish army of Sultan Mehmed II. The noon bell ordered by Pope Callixtus III co... | earthquakes in central Italy kills 12,000–70,000 people. Date unknown Lazar Branković becomes despot of Serbia. Alvise Cadamosto discovers some of the Cape Verde Islands. Diogo Gomes reaches the Geba River in Guinea Bissau, and explores the Gambia River. Emperor Zara Yaqob of Ethiopia founds the city of Debre Berhan. M... |
– Andrea Gritti, Doge of Venice (d. 1538) May 16 – Wolfgang I of Oettingen, German count (d. 1522) June 1 – Anne of Savoy, Savoy royal (d. 1480) July 9 – Frederick IV of Baden, Dutch bishop (d. 1517) July 15 – Queen Yun, Korean queen (d. 1482) August 2 – John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1499) August 15 – George,... | type. April 8 – Pope Calixtus III succeeds Pope Nicholas V, as the 209th pope. Spring – The Wars of the Roses begin in England. May 1 – Battle of Arkinholm: Forces loyal to King James II of Scotland defeat the supporters of the Earl of Douglas. May 22 – First Battle of St Albans: Richard, Duke of York, defeats and capt... |
the Morea from assisting Constantinople, during the final Ottoman siege of the imperial capital. Date unknown A major volcanic eruption, 1452/1453 mystery eruption, has a subsequent global cooling effect (the eruption releases more sulfate than any other event in the previous 700 years). Portuguese navigator Diogo de T... | capital. Date unknown A major volcanic eruption, 1452/1453 mystery eruption, has a subsequent global cooling effect (the eruption releases more sulfate than any other event in the previous 700 years). Portuguese navigator Diogo de Teive discovers the islands of Corvo and Flores, in the Azores. Battle of Bealach nam Bro... |
the rebellion. July 6 – Caen surrenders to the French. July 12 – Jack Cade is slain in a skirmish. August 12 – Cherbourg, the last English territory in Normandy, surrenders to the French. October 5 – Jews are expelled from Lower Bavaria, by order of Duke Ludwig IX. November 3 – The University of Barcelona is founded. N... | level, is believed to be under construction. A religious sacrifice of over a hundred children is performed around this time, outside of the ancient city of Chan Chan (near modern Trujillo), on the north coast of Peru. Johannes Gutenberg has set up his movable type printing press, as a commercial operation in Mainz, by ... |
Ireland. May 28 – In Breslau, Silesia, 60 Jews are murdered following a disastrous fire which destroys part of the city. August 24 – The Black Death breaks out in Elbing (Poland). September 9 – 1349 Apennine earthquakes. An earthquake in Rome causes extensive damage, including the collapse of the southern exterior faca... | In Breslau, Silesia, 60 Jews are murdered following a disastrous fire which destroys part of the city. August 24 – The Black Death breaks out in Elbing (Poland). September 9 – 1349 Apennine earthquakes. An earthquake in Rome causes extensive damage, including the collapse of the southern exterior facade of the Colosseu... |
III of Poland issues Poland's first codified collection of laws after the diet of Wiślica. Separate laws are codified for greater and lesser Poland. Western Europe In the continuing Hundred Years' War, the English won the city of Calais in a treaty signed in September. In a meeting with the Estates General in November,... | VI Kantakouzenos and the regency ended with John VI entering Constantinople. On 8 February, an agreement was concluded with the empress Anna of Savoy, whereby he and John V Palaiologos would rule jointly. The agreement was finalized in May when John V married Kantakouzenos' 15-year-old daughter. The war had come at a h... |
so they have to be withdrawn and mostly melted down, by August of this year. Bablake School is founded in Coventry, England by the dowager Queen Isabella. The Compagnia dei Bardi in Florence goes bankrupt, along with the Peruzzi Bank and the Acciaiuoli Bank. A large public dial clock is installed in the tower of the Pa... | A Christian fleet succeeds in taking the port city of Smyrna from the Aydinid Turks. December 6 – Five-year-old Erik Magnusson, the eldest son of King Magnus IV of Sweden, is appointed heir to the Swedish throne, even though Sweden is an elective monarchy at this time. Date unknown King Edward III of England introduce ... |
unknown Emperor Chōkei of Japan (d. 1394) Constance of Aragon, queen consort of Sicily (d. 1363) Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester, English rebel (d. 1403) Nang Keo Phimpha, queen of Lan Xang (d. 1438) Tommaso Mocenigo, doge of Venice (d. 1423) Paolo Alboino della Scala, lord of Verona (d. 1375) Alexander Stewart, 1s... | basis for the issuance of indulgences by the Catholic Church. April 23 – The St. George's Night Uprising begins in Estonia. May 4 – St. George's Night Uprising: The "Four Estonian kings" are murdered, at the negotiations with the Livonian Order. August 15 – Magnus IV of Sweden abdicates from the throne of Norway, in fa... |
Clement VI succeeds Pope Benedict XII, as the 198th Pope. July 16 – Louis I becomes king of Hungary. July 18 – Battle of Zava: Mu'izz al-Din Husayn defeats the Sarbadars. July 22 – St. Mary Magdalene's flood is the worst such event on record for central Europe. August 15 – Louis "the Child" becomes king of Sicily and d... | is the worst such event on record for central Europe. August 15 – Louis "the Child" becomes king of Sicily and duke of Athens. September 4 – John III of Trebizond (John III Comnenus) becomes emperor of Trebizond. Date unknown Guy de Lusignan becomes Constantine II, King of Armenia (Gosdantin, Կոստանդին Բ). The Patriarc... |
militarization upon heretics. Births March 5 – Cansignorio della Scala, Lord of Verona (d. 1375) March 6 – John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (d. 1399) August – Haakon VI, king of Norway 1355–1380 and of Sweden 1362–1364 (d. 1380) October – Geert Groote, Dutch founder of the Brethren of the Common Life (d. 1384) Nove... | kings of Castile and Portugal defeat the Nasrid ruler of Granada and his Moroccan allies. Europe has about 74 million inhabitants. Bohemian Crusade -- The church authorized militarization upon heretics. Births March 5 – Cansignorio della Scala, Lord of Verona (d. 1375) March 6 – John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (d.... |
supporters of William V, Count of Holland, in his power struggle with his mother Margaret I, Countess of Holland, found the Cod League. August 29 – Battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer off Winchelsea: An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Castilian fleet. September 5 – Conservative noblemen in t... | League. November 17 – To pay for the expenses of the revived war with the Republic of Venice, the Republic of Genoa has to subscribe a loan at an interest rate of 10%, from an association of creditors known as the Compera imposita per gerra Venetorum. Date unknown Hayam Wuruk becomes ruler of the Majapahit Empire. The ... |
town of Biel/Bienne, Switzerland, finalizes its alliance with the city of Bern. Corpus Christi College is founded as a College of the University of Cambridge, by the Guilds of Corpus Christi and the Blessed Virgin Mary. Lionel of Antwerp marries Elizabeth, daughter of William de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster. Reginald de C... | the Most Noble Order of the Garter of England. The Earldom of Kent in England becomes extinct. The Metropolitan of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church; the Metropolitan of Halych begins to relocate back to Kiev, after having moved to Halych in 1299. Thereafter, the Metropolitan will hold the title of Metropolitan of Ki... |
Empire. The Decameron is finished by Giovanni Boccaccio. The Black Death (1331) subsides. The Lan Xang kingdom is founded by Fa Ngum. Births March – Margaret I of Denmark, queen of Haakon VI of Norway (d. 1412) July 15 – Vladimir the Bold, Russian prince (d. 1410) date unknown Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury (... | Giovanni Boccaccio. The Black Death (1331) subsides. The Lan Xang kingdom is founded by Fa Ngum. Births March – Margaret I of Denmark, queen of Haakon VI of Norway (d. 1412) July 15 – Vladimir the Bold, Russian prince (d. 1410) date unknown Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1414) Helvis of Brunswick-Grubenha... |
against Hungarians by his father, Nicholas Alexander of Wallachia becomes vassal to Hungarian king Louis I. The Ottoman Turks capture the city of Didymoteicho from the Byzantine Empire. The Lao kingdom of Lan Xang is established by Fa Ngum. Sahab-ud-Din becomes Sultan of Kashmir. Assassins strike down Sultan Hassan, an... | the Julian calendar. Events January–December Early in the year – Ibn Battuta returns from his travels at the command of Abu Inan Faris, sultan of Morocco, who appoints a scribe to write an account of the adventures. February 12 – The Treaty of Stralsund settles border disputes between the duchies of Mecklenburg and Pom... |
Iron Crown of Lombardy as King of Italy in Milan. January 7 – King Alphonso IV of Portugal sends three men who kill Inês de Castro, beloved of his son Peter, who revolts and incites a civil war. February 10 – St Scholastica Day riot in Oxford, England, breaks out, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead in two d... | war. February 10 – St Scholastica Day riot in Oxford, England, breaks out, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead in two days. April – Philip II, Prince of Taranto, marries Maria of Calabria, daughter of Charles, Duke of Calabria, and Marie of Valois. April 5 – Charles IV is crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome. ... |
Events January–December January 20 – Edward Balliol surrenders his title as King of Scotland, to Edward III of England. September 19 – Hundred Years' War – Battle of Poitiers: The English, commanded by Edward, the Black Prince, defeat the French, capturing King John II of France. October 17 – Erik XII proclaims himself... | 20 – Edward Balliol surrenders his title as King of Scotland, to Edward III of England. September 19 – Hundred Years' War – Battle of Poitiers: The English, commanded by Edward, the Black Prince, defeat the French, capturing King John II of France. October 17 – Erik XII proclaims himself king of Sweden, in opposition t... |
starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December April 28 – Erik Magnusson is recognized as king of most of Sweden, in opposition to his father, King Magnus. May 28 – Peter I becomes King of Portugal, after the death of his father, Alfonso IV. July 9 – Charles Bri... | of the Shroud of Turin is recorded. The Blue Horde unseats Ghazan II as the ruler of the Il-Khanate, and appoints their own governor. The Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat (Famous Wat Yai) Temple is constructed in Phitsanulok, Thailand. In France, the Estates General passes Étienne Marcel's Great Ordinance in an attempt to ... |
January–December February 18 – Treaty of Zadar, between Louis I of Hungary/Croatia and the Republic of Venice: The Venetians lose influence over their former Dalmatian holdings. March 16 – King Haakon VI of Norway designates the city of Skien as a city with trading privileges, making it the sixth town with city status ... | Il-Khan. The Ilkhanate is effectively now disbanded, and replaced by the Jalayirid dynasty of Persia. Shah Shuja overthrows his father, Mubarazuddin Muhammad, as leader of the Muzaffarid tribe. Mohammed Shah I becomes Bahmani Sultan of Deccan (now part of southern India) after the death of Sultan Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah... |
different parts of the Blue Horde's territory. Chinese rebels capture the Goryeo capital. The earliest known musical keyboard instrument is built, with the layout of black and white keys that has since become standard. Births February 26 – Wenceslaus, King of the Romans, King of Bohemia (d. 1419) date unknown John Beau... | defeating his peasant army. This allows Lübeck to become the new leading city of the Hanseatic League. October 10 – Edward, the Black Prince marries Joan of Kent. Date unknown In the Marinid Empire in modern-day Morocco, Abu Salim Ibrahim is overthrown by Abu Umar, who is in turn overthrown by Abu Zayyan. The Blue Hord... |
Algirdas defeats the Tatars, and takes over Kiev. Louis I of Hungary defeats and captures Ivan Sratsimir of Bulgaria, and conquers northern Bulgaria, extending his control over the Balkans. The Ottomans capture Philippopolis and Adrianopole (the modern-day city of Edirne) from the Byzantine Empire, reducing its territo... | – A fire destroys much of St Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin. April 17 – Kaunas Castle falls to the Teutonic Order, after a month-long siege. June – Under the terms of the will of Sir John de Wingfield (died 1361), the church of St. Andrew and a college of priests are founded in Wingfield, Suffolk, England. June 22 – An ... |
Chen Youliang are defeated by the Red Turban Rebel forces of Zhu Yuanzhang, during the final decade of Yuan Dynasty control over China. Zhu's naval forces of 200,000 are pitted against Chen's naval forces of 650,000 troops, in what is not only the largest naval battle of the medieval age, but also one of the largest na... | the Bold becomes duke of Burgundy. Al-Afdal al-Abbas succeeds Al-Mujahid Ali as Rasulid Sultan of Yemen. The Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan is completed in Cairo, Egypt. Births July 2 – Maria, Queen of Sicily (d. 1401) December 13 – Jean Gerson, chancellor of the University of Paris (d. 1429) date unknown Margaret of... |
Wilson in 1912 (41.8%). President Bush's 37.4% was the lowest percentage total for a sitting president seeking re-election since William Howard Taft, also in 1912 (23.2%). 1992 was, as the 1912 election was, a three-way race (that time between Taft, Wilson, and Theodore Roosevelt). It was also the lowest percentage for... | straight Republican victories. He won states in every region of the country. Clinton swept the Northeast and the West Coast, marking the start of Democratic dominance in both regions in both presidential and statewide elections. Clinton also performed well in the eastern Midwest, the Mountain West, Appalachia, and part... |
Leuven in the Low Countries. In 1708 this would be renamed the Brouwerij Artois, and later releases a beer named Stella Artois. The Statutes of Kilkenny are passed in Ireland. Zhu Yuanzhang, leader of the Red Turban Rebellion that will overthrow the Yuan Dynasty, and establish the Ming Dynasty two years later, begins b... | Faris Abd al-Aziz I of Morocco succeeds assassinated Abu Zayyan, as Sultan of the Marinid Empire in Morocco. The Den Hoorn brewery is founded at Leuven in the Low Countries. In 1708 this would be renamed the Brouwerij Artois, and later releases a beer named Stella Artois. The Statutes of Kilkenny are passed in Ireland.... |
Dan Quayle of Indiana as his running mate. Dukakis won the Democratic primaries after Democratic leaders such as Gary Hart and Ted Kennedy withdrew or declined to run. He selected U.S. Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas as his running mate. Bush ran an aggressive campaign concentrated on the strong economy, reducing urban ... | former Governor of Minnesota Bush unexpectedly came in third in the Iowa caucus, which he had won in 1980, behind Dole and Robertson. Dole was also leading in the polls of the New Hampshire primary, and the Bush camp responded by running television commercials portraying Dole as a tax raiser, while Governor John H. Sun... |
his half-brother, Henry II. Pedro is aided in the battle by the English under Edward, the Black Prince, and Henry by the French. April 24 – Otto I, "the Evil", becomes Duke of the independent city of Göttingen (in modern-day Germany) on the death of his father, Ernst I. October 16 – Pope Urban V makes the first attempt... | calendar. Events January–December January 18 – Ferdinand I becomes King of Portugal after the death of his father, Peter I. April 3 – Battle of Nájera: Pedro of Castile is restored as King of Castile (in modern-day Spain) after defeating his half-brother, Henry II. Pedro is aided in the battle by the English under Edwa... |
northern Thailand) after the death of Maha Thammaracha I. Work begins on the surviving Great Wall of China. Mikhail Aleksandrovich becomes the sole ruler of Tver (in modern-day western Russia), after the death of co-ruler and rival Vasiliy Mikhailovich of Kashin. Moscow attacks Tver, which counter-attacks with the aid ... | attacks Tver, which counter-attacks with the aid of Lithuania and the Blue Horde. The King of Norway sends the last Royal Ship from Norway, to the Greenland Eastern Settlement. This event is part of both the Norse colonization of the Americas, and of the History of Greenland. A peace treaty is signed between Norway and... |
the autumn. March 14 – Battle of Montiel: Pedro of Castile loses to an alliance between the French and his half-brother, Henry II. May – King Charles V of France renounces the Treaty of Brétigny, and war is declared between France and England. September – Hundred Years' War: The French burn Portsmouth, England; the Eng... | Henry II. May – King Charles V of France renounces the Treaty of Brétigny, and war is declared between France and England. September – Hundred Years' War: The French burn Portsmouth, England; the English raid Picardy and Normandy. November 30 – Hundred Years' War: Charles V of France recaptures most of Aquitaine from t... |
Kujavia, and her son, Louis I of Hungary, beginning the rule of the country by the Capet-Anjou family. November 15 – Trần Nghệ Tông deposes Dương Nhật Lễ as emperor of Đại Việt, modern-day Vietnam. December 4 – Hundred Years' War: Battle of Pontvallain – A French army under Bertrand du Guesclin heavily defeats an Engli... | April 9 – Timur becomes first Amir of the Timurid Empire, following the Siege of Balkh which establishes his rule over the Chagatai Khanate, completing his conquest of Central Asia and parts of Persia. May 24 – The Treaty of Stralsund ends the war between Denmark and the Hanseatic League. September 19 – Hundred Years' ... |
makes a second attempt to take the throne of Wales. Whilst attacking the island of Guernsey, he abandons the invasion in order to fight for France at La Rochelle. June 22 – Battle of La Rochelle: The French and the Castilians defeat the English. The Castilians gain control of the English Channel for the first time sinc... | he abandons the invasion in order to fight for France at La Rochelle. June 22 – Battle of La Rochelle: The French and the Castilians defeat the English. The Castilians gain control of the English Channel for the first time since 1340. November 9 – Trần Duệ Tông succeeds his brother Trần Nghệ Tông as King of Vietnam. Da... |
the traditional civil service examination system after complaining that the 120 new jinshi degree-holders are too incompetent to hold office; he instead relies solely upon a system of recommendations, until the civil service exams are reinstated in 1384. Births March 29 – Marie d'Alençon, French princess (d. 1417) June... | Norwich receives the sixteen Revelations of Divine Love. June 16 – The Anglo-Portuguese Treaty is signed in London, and is the oldest active treaty in the world. August – Hundred Years' War: John of Gaunt launches a new invasion of France. November? – Philip II, Prince of Taranto hands over the rule of Achaea (modern-d... |
has been offended by several passages, and has Ru Taisu summoned to court and flogged for the perceived insult. The next day, having had the remaining characters read to him, he likes four of Ru's recommendations, and instates these in reforms. Ru is nevertheless castigated for having forced the emperor to hear thousan... | of characters before getting to the part with true substance. The last 500 characters are elevated in court as the model-type memorial that all officials should aspire to create while writing their own. Approximate date – Battle of Gardiki: The Principality of Achaea defeats the Despotate of the Morea. Births October –... |
the longest Parliament to have sat in England). August 12 – With the help of the Genoese, Byzantine co-emperor Andronicus IV Palaeologus invades Constantinople and dethrones his father, John V Palaeologus, as co-emperor. John V Palaeologus is taken prisoner. September – John of Gaunt summons religious reformer John Wyc... | display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events <onlyinclude> January–December March – The peace treaty between England and France is extended until April, 1377. March 31 – Pope Gregory XI excommunicates all members of the government of Florence, and places the city under an interdict. April 28 – The Good Par... |
rule on his behalf until 1381. July 27 – Fourteen-year-old Maria of Sicily succeeds her father, Frederick the Simple. August – The Hongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty of China scraps the Office of Reports Inspection (established in 1370) for a new Office of Transmission, in his efforts to create a more efficient communi... | 17 – Pope Gregory XI moves the Papacy back from Avignon to Rome. January 27 – The Bad Parliament begins sitting in England. Influenced by John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, it undoes the work done by the Good Parliament, the previous year, to reduce corruption in the Royal Council. It also introduces a poll tax. Feb... |
A contract is set up between Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton and the mason Johan Lewyn, for the construction of Bolton Castle in the north of England. September 20 – Unhappy with Pope Urban's critical attitude towards them, the majority of the cardinals meet at Fondi, elect Clement VII as antipope, and es... | 13 – Balša II succeeds his brother, Durađ I, as ruler of Lower Zeta (modern-day Montenegro). March – In England, John Wycliffe tries to promote his ideas for Catholic reform by laying his theses before Parliament, and making them public in a tract. He is subsequently summoned before the Archbishop of Canterbury, Simon ... |
Ottoman Turks, having invaded Constantinople, restore John V Palaiologos as Byzantine co-emperor. Andronikos IV Palaiologos is allowed to remain as co-emperor, but is confined to the city of Silivri for the remainder of his life. September 9 – The Treaty of Neuberg is signed, splitting the Austrian Habsburg lands betwe... | remain as co-emperor, but is confined to the city of Silivri for the remainder of his life. September 9 – The Treaty of Neuberg is signed, splitting the Austrian Habsburg lands between brothers Albert III and Leopold III. Albert III retains the title of Duke of Austria. Date unknown Bairam Khawaja establishes the indep... |
after Joanna's imprisonment. After a naval battle, Venice wins the three-year War of Chioggia against Genoa. The Genoans are permanently weakened by the conflict. Hajji I succeeds Alah-ad-Din Ali as Mamluk Sultan of Egypt. The Egyptian government continues to be controlled by rebel leader Barquq. Timur conquers east Pe... | the ruler of Taranto and the Latin Empire, claims the Principality of Achaea after Joanna's imprisonment. After a naval battle, Venice wins the three-year War of Chioggia against Genoa. The Genoans are permanently weakened by the conflict. Hajji I succeeds Alah-ad-Din Ali as Mamluk Sultan of Egypt. The Egyptian governm... |
Italy). Louis I, Duke of Anjou inherits the claim to the Latin Empire (now western Turkey), but never uses the title of Emperor. October 22 – King Fernando I of Portugal dies, and is succeeded by his daughter, Beatrice of Portugal. A period of civil war and anarchy, known as the 1383–85 Crisis, begins in Portugal, due ... | Farleigh Hungerford Castle in Somersetshire, England. The Wat Phra That Doi Suthep Temple is built in present-day Thailand, by King Kuena of Lanna. Construction of the Bastille is completed in Paris, France. Births April 30 – Anne of Gloucester, English countess, granddaughter of King Edward III of England (d. 1438) Se... |
16 – 10-year-old Jadwiga is crowned "King" of Poland in Kraków following the death of her father, King Louis, in 1382. December 25 – Use of the Spanish era dating system in the Crown of Castile is suppressed. Unknown Date The Hongwu Emperor of China reinstates the Imperial examination system for drafting scholar-offici... | (MCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December May – September 3 – Siege of Lisbon by the Castilian army, during the 1383–85 Crisis in Portugal. August 16 – The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China hears a case of a couple who tore paper mon... |
also wanted to conquer Persia. Olav IV of Norway is elected as titular King of Sweden, in opposition to the unpopular King Albert. The Hongwu Emperor of China's Ming Dynasty relents after eighteen tribute missions over the previous eight years, and agrees to invest King U of Goryeo. Construction of: Castello Estense in... | the decisive battle of the 1383–85 Crisis in Portugal. John of Aviz is crowned King John I of Portugal, ending Queen Beatrice's rule, and Portugal's independence from the Kingdom of Castile is secured. The Union of Krewo establishes the Jagiellonian Dynasty in Poland and Lithuania, through the proposed marriage of Quee... |
Jagiełło, King of Poland, beginning the Jagiellonian dynasty. May 9 – King John I of Portugal and King Richard II of England ratify the Treaty of Windsor. May 20 – Earliest recorded mention of the city of Pitești, in modern-day Romania. July 9 – Battle of Sempach: The Swiss safeguard independence from Habsburg rule. Ju... | University (Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg), the oldest in Germany, is founded at the behest of Rupert I, Elector Palatine, by charter of Pope Urban VI. November 21 – Timur's invasions of Georgia: Timurid dynasty Turco-Mongol leader Timur captures and sacks the Georgian capital of Tbilisi, taking King Bagrat V p... |
of Huntingdon. August 22 – Olaf, King of Norway and Denmark and claimant to the throne of Sweden, dies. The vacant thrones come under the regency of his mother Margaret I of Denmark, who will soon become queen in her own right. September 27 – Petru of Moldavia pays homage to Władysław II Jagiełło, making Moldavia a Pol... | Franco-Castilian-Flemish fleet. June 2 – John Holland, a maternal half-brother of Richard II of England, is created Earl of Huntingdon. August 22 – Olaf, King of Norway and Denmark and claimant to the throne of Sweden, dies. The vacant thrones come under the regency of his mother Margaret I of Denmark, who will soon be... |
calendar. Events January–December June 13 – An assassination attempt by Pierre de Craon against Olivier de Clisson, Constable of France, fails. August 5 General Yi Seong-gye crowns himself Taejo of Joseon, ending the Goryeo Dynasty in the Korean Peninsula, and establishing the Joseon Dynasty, which will last for more t... | display full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December June 13 – An assassination attempt by Pierre de Craon against Olivier de Clisson, Constable of France, fails. August 5 General Yi Seong-gye crowns himself Taejo of Joseon, ending the Goryeo Dynasty in the Korean Peninsula, and establishing the Joseo... |
I, as King of Bosnia. Shah Mansur becomes leader of the Timurid-occupied Muzaffarid Empire, in central Persia. A group of Muzaffarids under Zafar Khan Muzaffar establish a new Sultanate at Gujarat, in western India. Vytautas the Great, claimant to the throne of Lithuania, forms an alliance with Muscovy. Roman I succeed... | John V Palaiologos, dies of a nervous breakdown, due to his continued humiliation by the Ottoman Empire. Yusuf II succeeds Muhammed V, as Nasrid Sultan of Granada (now southern Spain). Stephen Dabiša succeeds Stephen Tvrtko I, as King of Bosnia. Shah Mansur becomes leader of the Timurid-occupied Muzaffarid Empire, in c... |
alliance between Vytautas and the Teutonic Knights, in the Lithuanian Civil War against Vytautas's cousin, Jogaila. April 14 – John VII Palaiologos overthrows his grandfather, John V Palaiologos, as Byzantine Emperor. April 19 – Robert III succeeds his father, Robert II, as King of Scotland. May 26 – Lithuanian Civil W... | 19 – Robert III succeeds his father, Robert II, as King of Scotland. May 26 – Lithuanian Civil War: The Treaty of Königsberg is signed in Königsberg, between Samogitian nobles and representatives of the Teutonic Knights. September 11 – Lithuanian Civil War: The coalition of Vytautas and the Teutonic Knights begins a 5-... |
by Stephen I of Moldavia, on its way back after conquering Neamț Citadel, and the Hungarians must retreat empty handed. April 15 – Tokhtamysh–Timur war – Battle of the Terek River: Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde at the Volga. The Golden Horde capital city, Sarai, is razed to the ground, and Timur installs... | wife Jelena Gruba as Queen of Bosnia. However, most of the Bosnian land is soon appropriated by King Sigismund of Hungary. Date unknown Ramaracha succeeds Ramesuan as ruler of the Ayutthaya Kingdom in present-day southern Thailand. The Gwanghwamun Gate and the Jogyesa Temple are built in present-day Seoul. The Theotoko... |
marries Joan of France. September 25 – Battle of Nicopolis: The Ottomans defeat a joint crusade by Hungary, France, the Holy Roman Empire, England and Wallachia, led by King Sigismund of Hungary. This is the last large-scale crusade of the Middle Ages. October – A Transylvanian expedition captures Vlad I Uzurpatorul, t... | (with Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Shetland and Orkney) and Sweden (including Finland and Åland). July 23 – Queen Margaret makes her great-nephew and adopted son Eric of Pomerania joint ruler of Sweden. Eric has already been made joint ruler of Norway. September – Battle of the North Inch ("Battle of the Thir... |
Kalmar is signed. September 29 John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon is created Duke of Exeter, by his half-brother King Richard II of England. Thomas Holland, 3rd Earl of Kent, John's brother, is created Duke of Surrey by King Richard. November 8 – Thomas Arundel, accused of high treason by King Richard II of England, is r... | Kalmar is signed. September 29 John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon is created Duke of Exeter, by his half-brother King Richard II of England. Thomas Holland, 3rd Earl of Kent, John's brother, is created Duke of Surrey by King Richard. November 8 – Thomas Arundel, accused of high treason by King Richard II of England, is r... |
starts a rebellion in Beijing. August 12 – Battle of the Vorskla River: Mongol Golden Horde forces, led by Khan Temür Qutlugh and Emir Edigu, annihilate a crusading army led by former Golden Horde Khan Tokhtamysh, and Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania. August 19 – Richard II of England is taken prisoner upon his return ... | rift forms between Sultan Bayezid and Timur of the Timurid Empire, who also wanted to conquer Syria. Ladislaus regains the throne of Naples, after overthrowing King Louis II. King Jogaila becomes sole ruler of Poland, after the death of his co-ruling wife, Queen Jadwiga. Abu Said Uthman III succeeds Abdullah, as ruler ... |
unknown The De heretico comburendo Act is passed in England, as the Archbishop of Canterbury pressures King Henry IV of England into outlawing as heretics the Lollards, followers of John Wycliffe. Evidence of being a Lollard is having a copy of Wycliffe's translation of the Bible. Dilawar Khan establishes the Malwa Sul... | Date unknown The De heretico comburendo Act is passed in England, as the Archbishop of Canterbury pressures King Henry IV of England into outlawing as heretics the Lollards, followers of John Wycliffe. Evidence of being a Lollard is having a copy of Wycliffe's translation of the Bible. Dilawar Khan establishes the Malw... |
Pope Innocent VII succeeds Pope Boniface IX, as the 204th pope. November 19 – St. Elizabeth's flood: A flood of the North Sea devastates parts of Flanders, Zeeland and Holland. Date unknown Jean de Béthencourt becomes the first ruler of the Kingdom of the Canary Islands. Stephan Tvrtko II succeeds Stefan Ostoja as King... | II succeeds Stefan Ostoja as King of Bosnia. Peace is declared between Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights, after they agree to exchange land and form an alliance against Muscovy. Wallachia reaches its maximum extent under Mircea cel Bătrân. The University of Turin is founded. Timur is hit by a fever, while preparing to... |
starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December April 4 – James I becomes King of Scotland, after having been captured by Henry IV of England. October 7 – French troops comprising 1,000 men at arms land on Jersey, and fight a battle against 3,000 defenders. Octob... | of Henry IV of England. November 30 – Pope Gregory XII succeeds Pope Innocent VII, as the 205th pope. December 25 – John II becomes King of Castile. Date unknown Construction of the Forbidden City begins in Beijing during the Chinese Ming Dynasty. Pisa is subjugated by Florence. Births January 28 – Guy XIV de Laval, Fr... |
the ceremonial rites of Yongle's deceased parents, Deshin Shekpa is awarded the title Great Treasure Prince of Dharma (大寶法王). June 16 – Ming–Hồ War: The Ming Dynasty of China under the Yongle Emperor conquers Vietnam, capturing Hồ Quý Ly and his sons, ending the Vietnamese Hồ Dynasty. November 20 – A solemn truce betwe... | A solemn truce between John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy and Louis I, Duke of Orléans is agreed under the auspicies of John, Duke of Berry. November 23 – The Duke of Orleans is assassinated; war breaks out again between the Burgundians and his followers. Date unknown Rudolfo Belenzani leads a revolt against Bishop Ge... |
May 22 – Annamacharya, Indian mystic saint composer (d. 1503) October 1 or 1409 – Karl Knutsson, King of Sweden (d. 1470) Deaths February 19 – Thomas Bardolf, 5th Baron Bardolf, English rebel (in battle) February 20 – Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, English rebel (in battle) (b. 1342) April – Miran Shah, son o... | German countess regent (d. 1460) February 14 – John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel (d. 1435) March 25 – Agnes of Baden, Countess of Holstein-Rendsburg, German noble (d. 1473) April 8 – Jadwiga of Lithuania, Polish princess (d. 1431) April 23 – John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford, English noble (d. 1462) May 22 – Annamach... |
and on June 26 crowns Petros Philargos as Pope Alexander V; he is subsequently regarded as an antipope. July – Martin I of Aragon succeeds his own son, as King of Sicily. August 7 – The Council of Pisa closes. December 2 – The University of Leipzig opens. December 9 – Louis II of Anjou founds the University of Aix. Dat... | of Urgell, Duchess of Coimbra, Portuguese Duchess (d. 1459) September 13 – Joan of Valois, Duchess of Alençon, French duchess (d. 1432) October 7 – Elizabeth of Luxembourg (d. 1442) October 21 – Alessandro Sforza, Italian condottiero (d. 1473) date unknown – Bernardo Rossellino, Florentine sculptor and architect Deaths... |
standard. Because the differences are small, the ratio is multiplied by 1000 to make it parts per thousand (referred to as parts per mil). This is represented by the symbol . Equilibrium Equilibrium fractionation occurs between chemicals or phases that are in equilibrium with each other. In equilibrium fractionation be... | this nature. From a computation based on 1672 analyses of numerous kinds of rocks Clarke arrived at the following as the average percentage composition of the Earth's crust: SiO2=59.71, Al2O3=15.41, Fe2O3=2.63, FeO=3.52, MgO=4.36, CaO=4.90, Na2O=3.55, K2O=2.80, H2O=1.52, TiO2=0.60, P2O5=0.22, (total 99.22%). All the ot... |
in the := assignment operator, which was in addition to the normal =. := was identical in effect to =, but made the difference between assignments and comparisons more obvious. Compiler The internal multipass compiler converts BASIC09 source code into a tokenized, optimized, bytecode, called I-code. I-code differs from... | including local variables, the ability to ignore line numbers in favor of named routines, user-defined structures, and several distinct base data types including 16-bit and 8-bit (byte) integers, in addition to floating point and strings. Syntax Program organization A key difference between BASIC09 and conventional BAS... |
tale (or thought experiment) by Ibn Tufail from 12th-century Andalusia, straddles the divide between the religious and the secular. The tale is of interest because it was known to the New England Puritan divine, Cotton Mather. Translated into English (from Latin) in 1686 and 1708, it tells the story of Hayy, a wild chi... | phrase "savage" for indigenous peoples was used disparagingly to justify the colonization of the Americas. The concept of the savage gave Europeans the supposed right to establish colonies without considering the possibility of preexisting, functional societies. During the late 16th and 17th centuries, the figure of th... |
unsuccessful Red Lion playhouse of 1567) and the Newington Butts playhouse was set up, probably by Jerome Savage, some time between 1575 and 1577. The Theatre was rapidly followed by the nearby Curtain Theatre (1577), the Rose (1587), the Swan (1595), the Globe (1599), the Fortune (1600), and the Red Bull (1604). Playh... | Court. The Inns of Court were communities of working lawyers and university alumni. Notable literary figures and playwrights who resided in the Inns of Court include John Donne, Francis Beaumont, John Marston, Thomas Lodge, Thomas Campion, Abraham Fraunce, Sir Philip Sidney, Sir Thomas More, Sir Francis Bacon, and Geor... |
of Ndongo or Dongo, ruled by the ngolas. At the time of the arrival of the Portuguese, Ngola Kiluange was in power. By maintaining a policy of alliances with neighbouring states, he managed to hold out against the foreigners for several decades but was eventually beheaded in Luanda. Years later, the Ndongo rose to prom... | which the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola was linked to the retreat of South African soldiers from Angola and Namibia. The Bicesse Accord in 1991 spelled out an electoral process for a democratic Angola under the supervision of the United Nations. MPLA won the first round with 49% of the votes, against 40% for U... |
colonies during the 1830s. While the plantation owners returned to Europe, the freedmen continued to eke out livings on Anguilla as subsistence farmers and fishermen. There were droughts and famines in the 1830s and 1840s. The British government attempted to send the entire population of the island to Demerara in Briti... | 1819, there were 360 Europeans, 320 free Africans, and 2451 slaves. The British abolished slavery in their colonies during the 1830s. While the plantation owners returned to Europe, the freedmen continued to eke out livings on Anguilla as subsistence farmers and fishermen. There were droughts and famines in the 1830s a... |
Mackintosh House", a rebuilt terraced house designed by, and furnished after, architect Charles Rennie Mackintosh. Even these enlarged premises could not contain the expanding university, which quickly spread across much of Gilmorehill. The 1930s saw the construction of the award-winning round Reading Room (it is now a... | of natural philosophy at the university, and with some opposition from his colleagues, pioneered vocational education for working men and women during the Industrial Revolution. To continue this work in his will, he founded Anderson's College, which was associated with the university before merging with other instituti... |
(Thalofide) cell, developed by Theodore Case in the USA. The Thalofide cell was part of the important new technology of 'talking pictures'. Baird's pioneering implementation of this cell allowed Baird to become the first person to produce a live, moving, greyscale television image from reflected light. Baird achieved t... | of the north London ridge, the BBC began alternating Baird 240-line transmissions with EMI's electronic scanning system, which had recently been improved to 405-lines after a merger with Marconi. The Baird system at the time involved an intermediate film process, where footage was shot on cinefilm, which was rapidly de... |
produce the phrase 很好 ('very good'). The two transcriptions may be conflated with reversed tone letters as . Right- and left-dominant sandhi Tone sandhi in Sinitic languages can be classified with a left-dominant or right-dominant system. In a language of the right-dominant system, the right-most syllable of a word ret... | at three different pitch levels, and the Omotic (Afroasiatic) language Bench, which employs five level tones and one or two rising tones across levels. Most varieties of Chinese use contour tones, where the distinguishing feature of the tones are their shifts in pitch (that is, the pitch is a contour), such as rising, ... |
the number and types of ethnic-tribal-national groups in existence at the time may be much more varied and numerous than the two mentioned. According to A Brief History of the Caribbean (Jan Rogozinski, Penguin Putnam, Inc September 2000), European and African diseases, malnutrition and slavery eventually destroyed the... | and numerous than the two mentioned. According to A Brief History of the Caribbean (Jan Rogozinski, Penguin Putnam, Inc September 2000), European and African diseases, malnutrition and slavery eventually destroyed the vast majority of the Caribbean's native population. No researcher has conclusively proven any of these... |
skis and snow which further slow the descent. Good technique results in a fluid flowing motion from one descent angle to another one, adjusting the angle as needed to match changes in the steepness of the run. This looks more like a single series of S's than turns followed by straight sections. Stemming The oldest and ... | jump. Husebyrennet from 1886 included svingrenn (turning competition on hills), the term slalåm had not been introduced at that time. Slalom was first used at a skiing competition in Sonnenberg in 1906. Two to three decades later, the sport spread to the rest of Europe and the U.S. The first slalom ski competition occu... |
scandals in the late 1990s and early 2000s, affecting most figure skating disciplines, culminated in a controversy at the 2002 Olympics. 21st century The European dominance of ice dance was interrupted at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver by Canadians Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir and Americans Meryl Davis and Charli... | of one woman and one man. Ice dance, like pair skating, has its roots in the "combined skating" developed in the 19th century by skating clubs and organizations and in recreational social skating. Couples and friends would skate waltzes, marches, and other social dances. The first steps in ice dance were similar to tho... |
In 1622–23 the Leeuwin made the first recorded rounding of the south west corner of the continent, and gave her name to Cape Leeuwin. In 1627, the south coast of Australia was accidentally discovered by François Thijssen and named t Land van Pieter Nuyts, in honour of the highest ranking passenger, Pieter Nuyts, extrao... | transported 500 kilometres by 30,000 BP. More extensive trade networks developed in later times. The earliest Aboriginal rock art consists of hand-prints, hand-stencils, and engravings of circles, tracks, lines and cupules, and has been dated to 35,000 years ago. Around 20,000 year ago Aboriginal artists were depicting... |
point of view of purely judicial administration, Anjou was subject to the parlement of Paris; Angers was the seat of a presidial court, of which the jurisdiction comprised the sénéchaussées of Angers, Saumur, Beaugé, Beaufort and the duchy of Richelieu; there were besides presidial courts at Château-Gontier and La Flèc... | him the most valuable of his treasures. On 22 July 1474 he drew up a will by which he divided the succession between his grandson René II of Lorraine and his nephew Charles II, count of Maine. On hearing this, King Louis XI, who was the son of one of King René's sisters, seeing that his expectations were thus completel... |
and act on the hip joint, and so functionally qualify as hip muscles. The majority of the thigh muscles, the "true" thigh muscles, insert on the leg (either the tibia or the fibula) and act primarily on the knee joint. Generally, the extensors lie on anterior of the thigh and flexors lie on the posterior. Even though t... | tendon. In the deep layer, the tibialis posterior has its origin on the interosseus membrane and the neighbouring bone areas and runs down behind the medial malleolus. Under the foot it splits into a thick medial part attached to the navicular bone and a slightly weaker lateral part inserted to the three cuneiform bone... |
Tao and Klarjeti Theme of Iberia (c. 1000-1074 AD), an administrative and military unit of the Byzantine Empire carved out of several Georgian lands Southwestern Europe Prehistoric Iberia Iberians, pre-Roman inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula Places Iberia District, in the Peruvian province of Tahuamanu Iberia, Minne... | containing the countries of Spain, Portugal, Andorra, the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar and southern parts of France (Pyrénées-Orientales). In history, the same name was also used for an area in the Caucasus more or less identical with modern Georgia. Derived from these two meanings, Iberia may also refer to:... |
war in Ethiopia against the British until the Armistice of Cassibile (3 September 1943) ended hostilities between Italy and the Allies. In January 1942, with the final official surrender of the Italians, the British, under American pressure, signed an interim Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement with Selassie, acknowledging Ethio... | Libya a threat to Egypt and those in the Italian East Africa a danger to the British and French territories in the Horn of Africa. Italian belligerence also closed the Mediterranean to Allied merchant ships and endangered British supply routes along the coast of East Africa, the Gulf of Aden, Red Sea and the Suez Canal... |
are chosen appropriately, and O(log log M) lower-order bits of each xn are output, then in the limit as M grows large, distinguishing the output bits from random should be at least as difficult as solving the quadratic residuosity problem modulo M. Example Let , and (where is the seed). We can expect to get a large cyc... | the integer-encoded BITS." (declare (type (integer 0 *) bits)) (the bit (ldb (byte 1 0) bits))) (defun make-blum-blum-shub (&key (p 11) (q 23) (s 3)) "Returns a function of no arguments which represents a simple Blum-Blum-Shub pseudorandom number generator, configured to use the generator parameters P, Q, and S (seed),... |
Roma, an armoured steam frigate commissioned in 1865 Italian battleship Roma (1907), a predreadnought battleship of the Regina Elena class Italian battleship Roma (1940), a battleship of the Vittorio Veneto class SS Roma (1926) MV Doulos or SS Roma Ferrari Roma, grand touring sports car manufactured by Italian automobi... | born 1985), born Juliano Laurentino dos Santos, Brazilian football winger Film and television Roma (1972 film), an Italian film by Federico Fellini Roma (2004 film), an Argentinian film by Adolfo Aristarain Roma (2018 film), a Mexican film by Alfonso Cuarón Roma (Don character), a fictional character in the Don film se... |
£60,000. Although it was built as a family home its design was that of a medieval castle. It has a gatehouse, a portcullis, a dry moat, external windows that are little more than arrow slots, and large towers. In 1851 The Illustrated London News said that it "seems to exhibit the peculiar beauties of Carnarvon Castle w... | area. To the north is the great hall range which consists of 18 bays. Behind the entrance to the hall is the circular main tower. At the east end of the gallery wing is the octagonal library tower. The outer walls of the castle have full-height slender turrets at the changes in direction. Corbel tables support part of ... |
breed of managers emerged in the League clubs and began to change attitudes to coaching. Winterbottom's courses were expanded to include professional players, referees, schoolmasters, club trainers, schoolboys and youth leaders. In addition to Lilleshall they were held at Loughborough College, Carnegie College, Bisham ... | the development of English football. Early years Born in Oldham, Lancashire, Walter Winterbottom was the only son of James Winterbottom, a ring frame fitter in a textile machine works. At the age of 12 he was awarded a scholarship to Oldham High School where he excelled. He won a bursary to Chester Diocesan Teachers Tr... |
Earl of Aberdeen (1816–1864), Liberal politician George Hamilton-Gordon, 6th Earl of Aberdeen (1841–1870), Scottish peer George | Peelite politician and British prime minister George Hamilton-Gordon, 5th Earl of Aberdeen (1816–1864), Liberal politician George Hamilton-Gordon, 6th Earl of Aberdeen |
the CBC Radio Two FM station in Windsor, Ontario. Banking The Central Bank of Egypt, the central (or reserve) bank in Egypt. Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, an Ethiopian bank founded in 1963. Education CBE, Competency-based education, another term for Competency-based learning Calgary Board of Education, public school boa... | and Biochemical Engineering, a branch of engineering dealing with the physical and life sciences. College of Built Environments, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. CBE, International Meteor Organization designation for meteor shower Coma Berenicids. Collisionless Boltzmann equation in plasma physics and gra... |
coffin-shaped tables, fostered beat poetry, jive dance and political debate. The Goings On, in Archer Street, was a Sunday afternoon club organised by the beat poet Pete Brown, active in the mid-1960s. For the rest of the week, it operated as an illegal gambling den. Pink Floyd played at the club at the beginning of th... | internet radio station on Great Windmill Street, next to the Windmill Theatre. Since May 2014 it has been streaming live and pre-recorded programming from its premises, which also function as a retail space and coffee shop. The station states on its website that it aims "to reflect the culture of Soho through our vibra... |
knights of other British orders nor should they be addressed as "Sir" or "Dame". Other orders Other British and Commonwealth orders, decorations and medals which do not carry titles but entitle the holder to place post-nominal letters after his or her name also exist, as do a small number of Royal Family Orders. Britis... | Edward III. Since then, the system has evolved to address the changing need to recognise other forms of service to the United Kingdom. Modern honours As the head of state, the Sovereign is the 'fount of honour', but the system for identifying and recognising candidates to honour has changed considerably over time. Vari... |
salt content). Since the cell membrane is not able to pass current (except in ion channels), it acts as an electrical capacitor. Subjecting membranes to a high-voltage electric field results in their temporary breakdown, resulting in pores that are large enough to allow macromolecules (such as DNA) to enter or leave th... | With regards to irreversible electroporation, the first successful treatment of malignant cutaneous tumors implanted in mice was completed in 2007 by a group of scientists who achieved complete tumor ablation in 12 out of 13 mice. They accomplished this by sending 80 pulses of 100 microseconds at 0.3 Hz with an electri... |
at the young age of 22. Prinze was the father of actor Freddie Prinze Jr. Early life Prinze was born Frederick Karl Pruetzel (German spelling: Prützel) at Saint Clare's Hospital in Manhattan, New York City the son of Edward Karl Pruetzel and Maria de Gracia Pruetzel (née Graniela y Ramirez). His mother was a Puerto Ric... | had that last name and sobriquet, he would be the prince of comedy instead. During 1973, Prinze made his first television appearance on one of the last episodes of Jack Paar Tonite. In December 1973, his biggest break came with an appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Prinze was the first young comedia... |
the Báb (Siyyid 'Ali-Muhammad, 1819–1850). In this city, on the evening of 22 May 1844, he first declared his mission as the bearer of a new divine revelation. For this reason Shiraz is a holy city for Baháʼís, and the city, particularly the house of the Báb, was identified as a place of pilgrimage. Due to the hostile ... | a large forest of oak trees. Gardens Shiraz contains a considerable number of gardens. Due to population growth in the city, many of these gardens may be lost to give way to new developments. Although some measures have been taken by the Municipality to preserve these gardens, many illegal developments still endanger t... |
while the genomic studies had yet to be done. The parentage information, however, does not reveal how old the grape variety is, i.e., when the pollination of a Mondeuse blanche vine by Dureza took place, leading to the original Syrah seed plant. In the year AD 77, Pliny the Elder wrote in his Naturalis Historia about t... | planted to full capacity. After the wines of northern Rhône were "rediscovered" by wine writers in the 1970s, plantings expanded considerably. This trend received an extra boost in the 1980s and 1990s, when influential wine writer Robert M. Parker Jr. awarded high scores, up to the "perfect" score of 100 points, to win... |
dwell among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones. The territorial fish protects the anemone from anemone-eating fish, and in turn the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from its predators. A special mucus on the clownfish protects it from the stinging tentacles. A further example is the goby, a fi... | Ritteri sea anemones. The territorial fish protects the anemone from anemone-eating fish, and in turn the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from its predators. A special mucus on the clownfish protects it from the stinging tentacles. A further example is the goby, a fish which sometimes lives toge... |
is not afforded empowerment upon her transformation into Fidele. Instead, Imogen's power is inherited from her father and based upon the prospect of reproduction. Performance history After the 1611 performance mentioned by Simon Forman, there is no record of production until 1634, when the play was revived at court for... | have emphasised the ways in which the play upholds patriarchal ideology, including in the final scene, with its panoply of male victors. Whilst Imogen and Posthumus' marriage at first upholds heterosexual norms, their separation and final reunion leave open non-heterosexual possibilities, initially exposed by Imogen's ... |
Jones. Key scenes in the late romances are closely related to court masques: They embrace the visual magnificence but also the shallowness of such a display. History The popular drama during the Renaissance was subject to external influences, specifically what the ruler wanted to see. Elizabeth I enjoyed watching what ... | one of the histories, as does Rowse. Labelling and structure The category of Shakespearean romance arises from a desire among critics for the late plays to be recognised as a more complex kind of comedy; the labels of romance and tragicomedy are preferred by the majority of modern critics and editors. In the First Foli... |
also Alpine skiing at the 2002 Winter Paralympics References External links FIS-Ski.com – alpine skiing – 2002 Winter Olympics – Salt Lake City, Utah, USA de.wikipedia.org – Olympische Winterspiele 2002 – Ski Alpin – Official Results Book – Alpine skiing 2002 Winter Olympics events Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics ... | Lake City, Utah. The downhill, super-G, and combined events were held at Snowbasin, the giant slaloms at Park City, and the slaloms at adjacent Deer Valley. Medal table Source: Men's events Source: Women's events Source: Participating NOCs Forty-nine nations competed in the alpine skiing events at Salt Lake City. Cours... |
Olympic Committee's (IOC) list of banned substances, but the Olympic rules generally prohibit doping of any kind, in accordance with its charter. After two years and several lawsuits in Olympic and Swiss courts, the skiers in question (Johann Mühlegg of Spain, and Larissa Lazutina and Olga Danilova of Russia) were stri... | the drug was not specifically listed in the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) list of banned substances, but the Olympic rules generally prohibit doping of any kind, in accordance with its charter. After two years and several lawsuits in Olympic and Swiss courts, the skiers in question (Johann Mühlegg of Spain, a... |
2002 Hughes, fourth after the short program, skated a clean free skating with seven triple jumps, including two triple-triple combinations. Kwan led after the short program but slipped to third after two jumping errors. Sasha Cohen finished fourth, after a fall on the back end of a triple lutz-triple toe combination. S... | Thursday, February 14, 2002 Yagudin received 5.9s and 6.0s for his free skating after World Champion Plushenko had made several errors in both the short program and the free skating. Referee: Sally-Anne Stapleford Assistant Referee: Junko Hiramatsu Judges: Wendy Langton Merja Kosonen Janet Allen Nicolae Bellu Yuri Kliu... |
a slope littered with moguls (bumps), attempting to get down in as fast a time as possible while also attempting to get points for technique and their two aerial jumps during the course. The aerials events consisted of two jumps, which were judged by | a time as possible while also attempting to get points for technique and their two aerial jumps during the course. The aerials events consisted of two jumps, which were judged by air, form and landing. Medal summary Medal table Men’s events Women’s events Participating NOCs References External links Freestyle Skiing Hi... |
Three events were staged, taking place from 10 to 14 February. Medal summary Medal table Events Participating NOCs Twenty-five nations competed in the luge | Utah Olympic Park in Park City. Three events were staged, taking place from 10 to 14 February. Medal summary Medal table Events Participating NOCs Twenty-five nations competed in the luge events |
individual Nordic Combined events: the 7.5 km individual normal hill (sprint) and the 15 km individual large hill (individual). Medal summary Medal table Events Participating NOCs Fourteen nations participated in Nordic Combined at the Salt Lake Games. References External links Official Results Book – Nordic | part took place in Soldier Hollow. This was the first Winter Olympics to have two individual Nordic Combined events: the 7.5 km individual normal hill (sprint) and the 15 km individual large hill (individual). Medal summary Medal table Events Participating NOCs Fourteen nations participated in Nordic Combined at the Sa... |
23 February. Eight events were contested at Salt Lake Ice Center (normally called Delta Center (now Vivint Arena)). Two new events were added for these games, with the men's and women's 1500 metres making debuts. Medal summary Medal table China led the medal table with seven, while Evgenia Radanova's two medals for | Arena)). Two new events were added for these games, with the men's and women's 1500 metres making debuts. Medal summary Medal table China led the medal table with seven, while Evgenia Radanova's two medals for Bulgaria were their first in the sport. Men's events Women's events Records |
Twenty-two nations participated in ski jumping at the Salt Lake Games. Estonia and Kyrgyzstan made their Olympic ski jumping debuts. References External links Official Results Book – Ski jumping 2002 Winter Olympics events 2002 2002 | gold medals from Simon Amman. The bronze medal won by Slovenia in the team event was the country's first in the sport. Events Participating NOCs Twenty-two nations participated in ski jumping at the Salt Lake Games. Estonia and Kyrgyzstan made their Olympic ski jumping debuts. References |
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