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human
Evaluate $|(12-9i)(8+15i)|$.
gpt
We have $|12-9i| = \sqrt{12^2 + (-9)^2} = 15$ and $|8+15i| = \sqrt{8^2 + 15^2} = 17$, so $|(12-9i)(8+15i)| = |12-9i|\cdot |8+15i| = 15\cdot 17 = \boxed{255}$.
human
Given that $\sin A+\sin B=1$ and $\cos A+\cos B= \frac{3}{2}$, what is the value of $\cos(A-B)$?
gpt
Squaring both equations, we get $\sin^2 A + 2 \sin A \sin B + \sin^2 B = 1$ and $\cos^2 A + 2 \cos A \cos B + \cos^2 B = \frac{9}{4},$ so \[\sin^2 A + 2 \sin A \sin B + \sin^2 B + \cos^2 A + 2 \cos A \cos B + \cos^2 B = \frac{13}{4}.\]Then $2 \sin A \sin B + 2 \cos A \cos B = \frac{13}{4} - 2 = \frac{5}{4},$ so from th...
human
Solve \[\arcsin x + \arcsin 2x = \frac{\pi}{3}.\]
gpt
From the given equation, \[\arcsin 2x = \frac{\pi}{3} - \arcsin x.\]Then \[\sin (\arcsin 2x) = \sin \left( \frac{\pi}{3} - \arcsin x \right).\]Hence, from the angle subtraction formula, \begin{align*} 2x &= \sin \frac{\pi}{3} \cos (\arcsin x) - \cos \frac{\pi}{3} \sin (\arcsin x) \\ &= \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \cdot \sqrt{1 ...
human
How many complex numbers $z$ such that $\left| z \right| < 30$ satisfy the equation \[ e^z = \frac{z - 1}{z + 1} \, ? \]
gpt
Let $z = x + yi$, where $x$ and $y$ are real. Then $$|e^z| = |e^{x+yi}| = |e^x \cdot e^{iy}| = |e^x| \cdot |e^{iy}| = e^x \cdot 1 = e^x.$$So $e^z$ is inside the unit circle if $x < 0$, is on the unit circle if $x = 0$, and is outside the unit circle if $x > 0$. Also, note that $z$ is closer to $-1$ than to $1$ if $x <...
human
Find the reflection of $\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 4 \end{pmatrix}$ over the vector $\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix}.$
gpt
Let $\mathbf{r}$ be the reflection of $\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 4 \end{pmatrix}$ over the vector $\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix},$ and let $\mathbf{p}$ be the projection of $\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 4 \end{pmatrix}$ onto $\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix}.$ [asy] usepackage("amsmath"); unitsize(1 cm); pair D, P, R,...
human
Let $S$ be the set of all real values of $x$ with $0 < x < \frac{\pi}{2}$ such that $\sin x$, $\cos x$, and $\tan x$ form the side lengths (in some order) of a right triangle. Compute the sum of $\tan^2 x$ over all $x$ in $S$.
gpt
Since $\sin x < \tan x$ for $0 < x < \frac{\pi}{2},$ the hypotenuse of the right triangle can only be $\cos x$ or $\tan x.$ If $\tan x$ is the hypotenuse, then \[\tan^2 x = \sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1.\]If $\cos x$ is the hypotenuse, then \[\cos^2 x = \tan^2 x + \sin^2 x.\]Then \[\cos^2 x = \frac{1 - \cos^2 x}{\cos^2 x} +...
human
Find the area of the triangle with vertices $(0,7,10),$ $(-1,6,6),$ and $(-4,9,6).$
gpt
Let $A = (0,7,10),$ $B = (-1,6,6),$ and $C = (-4,9,6).$ Then from the distance formula, $AB = 3 \sqrt{2},$ $AC = 6,$ and $BC = 3 \sqrt{2}.$ Note that \[AB^2 + BC^2 = 18 + 18 = 36 = AC,\]so triangle $ABC$ is a right triangle, with a right angle at vertex $B.$ Hence, the area of the triangle is \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot AB ...
human
If $5(\cos a + \cos b) + 4(\cos a \cos b + 1) = 0,$ then find all possible values of \[\tan \frac{a}{2} \tan \frac{b}{2}.\]Enter all the possible values, separated by commas.
gpt
Let $x = \tan \frac{a}{2}.$ Then \[x^2 = \tan^2 \frac{a}{2} = \frac{\sin^2 \frac{a}{2}}{\cos^2 \frac{a}{2}} = \frac{\frac{1 - \cos a}{2}}{\frac{1 + \cos a}{2}} = \frac{1 - \cos a}{1 + \cos a}.\]Solving for $\cos a,$ we find \[\cos a = \frac{1 - x^2}{1 + x^2}.\]Similarly, if we let $y = \tan \frac{b}{2},$ then \[\cos b...
human
Let $v$ and $w$ be distinct, randomly chosen roots of the equation $z^{1997}-1=0.$ Find the probability that \[\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}\le\left|v+w\right|.\]
gpt
The solutions of the equation $z^{1997} = 1$ are the $1997$th roots of unity and are equal to $\cos\left(\frac {2\pi k}{1997}\right) + i\sin\left(\frac {2\pi k}{1997}\right)$ for $k = 0,1,\ldots,1996.$ They are also located at the vertices of a regular $1997$-gon that is centered at the origin in the complex plane. B...
human
Find the equation of the plane containing the points $(-3,4,-2),$ $(1,4,0),$ and $(3,2,-1).$ Enter your answer in the form \[Ax + By + Cz + D = 0,\]where $A,$ $B,$ $C,$ $D$ are integers such that $A > 0$ and $\gcd(|A|,|B|,|C|,|D|) = 1.$
gpt
Let $\mathbf{a} = \begin{pmatrix} -3 \\ 4 \\ -2 \end{pmatrix},$ $\mathbf{b} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 4 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix},$ and $\mathbf{c} = \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ 2 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}.$ Then the normal vector of the plane is orthogonal to both \[\mathbf{b} - \mathbf{a} = \begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ 0 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}\]and \...
human
In triangle $ABC$, $AB = BC$, and $\overline{BD}$ is an altitude. Point $E$ is on the extension of $\overline{AC}$ such that $BE = 10$. The values of $\tan \angle CBE$, $\tan \angle DBE$, and $\tan \angle ABE$ form a geometric progression, and the values of $\cot \angle DBE$, $\cot \angle CBE$, $\cot \angle DBC$ form ...
gpt
Let $\angle DBE = \alpha$ and $\angle DBC = \beta$. Then $\angle CBE = \alpha - \beta$ and $\angle ABE = \alpha + \beta$, so $\tan(\alpha - \beta)\tan(\alpha + \beta) = \tan^2 \alpha$. Thus \[\frac{\tan \alpha - \tan \beta}{1 + \tan \alpha \tan \beta}\cdot \frac{\tan \alpha + \tan \beta}{1 - \tan \alpha \tan\beta} = \...
human
Compute \[\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 & -2 \\ 0 & 4 & -3 \\ -1 & 4 & 3 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} 2 & -2 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & -3 \\ 4 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}.\]
gpt
We have that \[\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 & -2 \\ 0 & 4 & -3 \\ -1 & 4 & 3 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} 2 & -2 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & -3 \\ 4 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} = \boxed{\begin{pmatrix} -5 & -2 & -3 \\ -8 & 0 & -12 \\ 14 & 2 & -12 \end{pmatrix}}.\]
human
For $\mathbf{v} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ y \end{pmatrix}$ and $\mathbf{w} = \begin{pmatrix} 9 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix}$, \[\text{proj}_{\mathbf{w}} \mathbf{v} = \begin{pmatrix} -6 \\ -2 \end{pmatrix}.\]Find $y$.
gpt
Solution 1: We have that \begin{align*} \text{proj}_{\bold{w}} \bold{v} &= \frac{\bold{v} \cdot \bold{w}}{\bold{w} \cdot \bold{w}} \bold{w} \\ &= \frac{\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ y \end{pmatrix} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} 9 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix}}{\begin{pmatrix} 9 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} 9 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix}} \begin...
human
Compute $\arccos (\sin 2).$ All functions are in radians.
gpt
Let $x = \arccos (\sin 2).$ Then \begin{align*} \cos x &= \sin 2 \\ &= \cos \left( \frac{\pi}{2} - 2 \right) \\ &= \cos \left( 2 - \frac{\pi}{2} \right). \end{align*}Since $0 \le 2 - \frac{\pi}{2} \le \pi,$ $x = \boxed{2 - \frac{\pi}{2}}.$
human
Compute \[\sin^2 4^\circ + \sin^2 8^\circ + \sin^2 12^\circ + \dots + \sin^2 176^\circ.\]
gpt
From the double-angle formula, \[\sin^2 x = \frac{1 - \cos 2x}{2}.\]Then the sum becomes \begin{align*} &\frac{1 - \cos 8^\circ}{2} + \frac{1 - \cos 16^\circ}{2} + \frac{1 - \cos 24^\circ}{2} + \dots + \frac{1 - \cos 352^\circ}{2} \\ &= 22 - \frac{1}{2} (\cos 8^\circ + \cos 16^\circ + \cos 24^\circ + \dots + \cos 352^\...
human
When every vector on the line $y = \frac{5}{2} x + 4$ is projected onto a certain vector $\mathbf{w},$ the result is always the vector $\mathbf{p}.$ Find the vector $\mathbf{p}.$
gpt
Let $\mathbf{v} = \begin{pmatrix} a \\ b \end{pmatrix}$ be a vector on the line $y = \frac{5}{2} x + 4,$ so $b = \frac{5}{2} a + 4.$ Let $\mathbf{w} = \begin{pmatrix} c \\ d \end{pmatrix}.$ Then the projection of $\mathbf{v}$ onto $\mathbf{w}$ is \begin{align*} \operatorname{proj}_{\mathbf{w}} \mathbf{v} &= \frac{\ma...
human
The curve $y = \sin x$ cuts the line whose equation is $y = \sin 70^\circ$ into segments having the successive ratios \[\dots p : q : p : q \dots\]with $p < q.$ Compute the ordered pair of relatively prime positive integers $(p,q).$
gpt
The graph of $y = \sin x$ intersects the line $y = \sin 70^\circ$ at points of the form $(70^\circ + 360^\circ n, \sin 70^\circ)$ and $(110^\circ + 360^\circ n, \sin 70^\circ),$ where $n$ is an integer. [asy] unitsize(1.2 cm); real func (real x) { return(sin(x)); } draw(graph(func,-2*pi,2*pi),red); draw((-2*pi,Sin...
human
Simplify \[\frac{1 + \sin x - \cos x}{1 + \sin x + \cos x}.\]The answer will be a trigonometric function of some simple function of $x,$ like "$\cos 2x$" or "$\sin (x^3)$".
gpt
From the double angle formulas, $\sin x = 2 \sin \frac{x}{2} \cos \frac{x}{2}$ and $\cos x = 2 \cos^2 \frac{x}{2} - 1 = 1 - 2 \sin^2 \frac{x}{2},$ so \begin{align*} \frac{1 + \sin x - \cos x}{1 + \sin x + \cos x} &= \frac{1 + 2 \sin \frac{x}{2} \cos \frac{x}{2} - 1 + 2 \sin^2 \frac{x}{2}}{1 + 2 \sin \frac{x}{2} \cos \f...
human
The volume of the parallelepiped determined by the three-dimensional vectors $\mathbf{a}$, $\mathbf{b}$, and $\mathbf{c}$ is 4. Find the volume of the parallelepiped determined by the vectors $\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b},$ $\mathbf{b} + 3 \mathbf{c},$ and $\mathbf{c} - 7 \mathbf{a}.$
gpt
From the given information, $|\mathbf{a} \cdot (\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c})| = 4.$ We want to compute \[|(\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b}) \cdot ((\mathbf{b} + 3\mathbf{c}) \times (\mathbf{c} - 7 \mathbf{a}))|.\]Expanding the cross product, we get \begin{align*} (\mathbf{b} + 3\mathbf{c}) \times (\mathbf{c} - 7 \mathbf{a}...
human
Solve \[\arcsin (\sin x) = \frac{x}{2}.\]Enter all the solutions, separated by commas.
gpt
Since $\frac{x}{2} = \arcsin (\sin x),$ we must have $-\frac{\pi}{2} \le \frac{x}{2} \le \frac{\pi}{2},$ or \[-\pi \le x \le \pi.\]Taking the sine of both sides of the given equation, we get \[\sin (\arcsin (\sin x)) = \sin \frac{x}{2},\]which simplifies to \[\sin x = \sin \frac{x}{2}.\]Then from the double angle formu...
human
Find the angle, in degrees, between the vectors $\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 5 \end{pmatrix}$ and $\begin{pmatrix} -3 \\ 7 \end{pmatrix}.$
gpt
If $\theta$ is the angle between the vectors, then \begin{align*} \cos \theta &= \frac{\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 5 \end{pmatrix} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} -3 \\ 7 \end{pmatrix}}{\left\| \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 5 \end{pmatrix} \right\| \cdot \left\| \begin{pmatrix} -3 \\ 7 \end{pmatrix} \right\|} \\ &= \frac{2 \cdot (-3) + 5 \cdot ...
human
A triangle has side lengths 7, 8, and 9. There are exactly two lines that simultaneously bisect the perimeter and area of the triangle. Let $\theta$ be the acute angle between these two lines. Find $\tan \theta.$ [asy] unitsize(0.5 cm); pair A, B, C, P, Q, R, S, X; B = (0,0); C = (8,0); A = intersectionpoint(arc(...
gpt
Let the triangle be $ABC,$ where $AB = 7,$ $BC = 8,$ and $AC = 9.$ Let the two lines be $PQ$ and $RS,$ as shown below. [asy] unitsize(0.6 cm); pair A, B, C, P, Q, R, S, X; B = (0,0); C = (8,0); A = intersectionpoint(arc(B,7,0,180),arc(C,9,0,180)); P = interp(A,B,(12 - 3*sqrt(2))/2/7); Q = interp(A,C,(12 + 3*sqrt(2)...
human
Find $\sin \left( -\frac{\pi}{2} \right).$
gpt
Converting to degrees, \[-\frac{\pi}{2} = \frac{180^\circ}{\pi} \cdot \left( -\frac{\pi}{2} \right) = -90^\circ.\]Then $\sin (-90^\circ) = -\sin 90^\circ = \boxed{-1}.$
human
If $8 \tan \theta = 3 \cos \theta$ and $0 < \theta < \pi,$ then determine the value of $\sin \theta.$
gpt
We can write the given equation as \[\frac{8 \sin \theta}{\cos \theta} = 3 \cos \theta.\]Then $8 \sin \theta = 3 \cos^2 \theta.$ Since $\cos^2 \theta = 1 - \sin^2 \theta,$ \[8 \sin \theta = 3 - 3 \sin^2 \theta.\]Then $3 \sin^2 \theta + 8 \sin \theta - 3 = 0,$ which factors as $(3 \sin \theta - 1)(\sin \theta + 3) = 0....
human
Find the smallest positive solution to \[\tan 2x + \tan 3x = \sec 3x\]in radians.
gpt
From the given equation, \[\tan 2x = \sec 3x - \tan 3x = \frac{1}{\cos 3x} - \frac{\sin 3x}{\cos 3x} = \frac{1 - \sin 3x}{\cos 3x}.\]Recall the identity \[\tan \frac{\theta}{2} = \frac{1 - \cos \theta}{\sin \theta}.\]Thus, \[\frac{1 - \sin 3x}{\cos 3x} = \frac{1 - \cos (\frac{\pi}{2} - 3x)}{\sin (\frac{\pi}{2} - 3x)} =...
human
If $\tan \alpha = 8$ and $\tan \beta = 7,$ then find $\tan (\alpha - \beta).$
gpt
From the angle subtraction formula, \[\tan (\alpha - \beta) = \frac{\tan \alpha - \tan \beta}{1 + \tan \alpha \tan \beta} = \frac{8 - 7}{1 + 8 \cdot 7} = \boxed{\frac{1}{57}}.\]
human
There is an angle $\theta$ in the range $0^\circ < \theta < 45^\circ$ which satisfies \[\tan \theta + \tan 2 \theta + \tan 3 \theta = 0.\]Calculate $\tan \theta$ for this angle.
gpt
Let $t = \tan \theta.$ Then $\tan 2 \theta = \frac{2t}{1 - t^2}$ and $\tan 3 \theta = \frac{3t - t^3}{1 - 3t^2},$ so \[t + \frac{2t}{1 - t^2} + \frac{3t - t^3}{1 - 3t^2} = 0.\]This simplifies to $4t^5 - 14t^3 + 6t = 0.$ This factors as $2t(2t^2 - 1)(t^2 - 3) = 0.$ Since $0^\circ < \theta < 45^\circ,$ $0 < t < 1.$ T...
human
The matrix \[\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ -\frac{4}{5} & \frac{3}{5} \end{pmatrix}\]corresponds to a reflection. Enter the ordered pair $(a,b).$
gpt
Let $\mathbf{R}$ be the matrix, let $\mathbf{v}$ be a vector, and let $\mathbf{r} = \mathbf{R} \mathbf{v}.$ Then $\mathbf{R} \mathbf{r} = \mathbf{v},$ which means $\mathbf{R}^2 \mathbf{v} = \mathbf{v}.$ (In geometrical terms, if we reflect a vector, and reflect it again, then we get back the same vector as the origin...
human
There exists a real number $k$ such that the equation \[\begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ 5 \end{pmatrix} + t \begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ -7 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -2 \end{pmatrix} + s \begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ k \end{pmatrix}\]does not have any solutions in $t$ and $s$. Find $k$.
gpt
As $t$ varies over all real numbers, \[\begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ 5 \end{pmatrix} + t \begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ -7 \end{pmatrix}\]takes on all points on a line with direction $\begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ -7 \end{pmatrix}$, and as $s$ varies over all real numbers, \[\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -2 \end{pmatrix} + s \begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ k \end{p...
human
Let $\mathbf{a} = \begin{pmatrix} -3 \\ 10 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix},$ $\mathbf{b} = \begin{pmatrix} 5 \\ \pi \\ 0 \end{pmatrix},$ and $\mathbf{c} = \begin{pmatrix} -2 \\ -2 \\ 7 \end{pmatrix}.$ Compute \[(\mathbf{a} - \mathbf{b}) \cdot [(\mathbf{b} - \mathbf{c}) \times (\mathbf{c} - \mathbf{a})].\]
gpt
Expanding $(\mathbf{b} - \mathbf{c}) \times (\mathbf{c} - \mathbf{a}),$ we get \begin{align*} (\mathbf{b} - \mathbf{c}) \times (\mathbf{c} - \mathbf{a}) &= \mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c} - \mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{a} - \mathbf{c} \times \mathbf{c} + \mathbf{c} \times \mathbf{a} \\ &= \mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c} + \math...
human
Find $\begin{pmatrix} -5 \\ 1 \\ -4 \end{pmatrix} + \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 8 \\ -4 \end{pmatrix}.$
gpt
We have that \[\begin{pmatrix} -5 \\ 1 \\ -4 \end{pmatrix} + \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 8 \\ -4 \end{pmatrix} = \boxed{\begin{pmatrix} -5 \\ 9 \\ -8 \end{pmatrix}}.\]
human
The sum $10 e^{2 \pi i/11} + 10 e^{15 \pi i/22}$ is expressed as $re^{i \theta}.$ Enter the ordered pair $(r, \theta).$
gpt
The average of $\frac{2 \pi}{11}$ and $\frac{15 \pi}{22}$ is $\frac{19 \pi}{44}.$ We can then write \begin{align*} 10 e^{2 \pi i/11} + 10 e^{15 \pi i/22} &= 10 e^{19 \pi i/44} (e^{-\pi i/4} + e^{\pi i/4}) \\ &= 10 e^{19 \pi i/44} \left( \cos \frac{\pi}{4} + i \sin \frac{\pi}{4} + \cos \frac{\pi}{4} - i \sin \frac{\pi}...
human
Let $S$ be a region in the plane with area 4. When we apply the matrix \[\begin{pmatrix} 2 & -1 \\ 7 & 2 \end{pmatrix}\]to $S,$ we obtain the region $S'.$ Find the area of $S'.$
gpt
Note that \[\begin{vmatrix} 2 & -1 \\ 7 & 2 \end{vmatrix} = (2)(2) - (-1)(7) = 11,\]so the matrix scales the area of any region by a factor of 11. In particular, the area of $S'$ is $11 \cdot 4 = \boxed{44}.$
human
In coordinate space, $A = (6,-7,7),$ $B = (16,-17,12),$ $C = (0,3,-6),$ and $D = (2,-5,10).$ Find the intersection point of lines $AB$ and $CD.$
gpt
Let $\mathbf{a} = \begin{pmatrix} 6 \\ -7 \\ 7 \end{pmatrix},$ $\mathbf{b} = \begin{pmatrix} 16 \\ -17 \\ 12 \end{pmatrix},$ $\mathbf{c} = \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 3 \\ -6 \end{pmatrix},$ and $\mathbf{d} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -5 \\ 10 \end{pmatrix}.$ Then line $AB$ is parameterized by \[\mathbf{a} + t (\mathbf{b} - \math...
human
Let $\mathbf{P}$ be the matrix for projecting onto the vector $\begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ -7 \end{pmatrix}.$ Find $\det \mathbf{P}.$
gpt
A projection matrix is always of the form \[\begin{pmatrix} \cos^2 \theta & \cos \theta \sin \theta \\ \cos \theta \sin \theta & \sin^2 \theta \end{pmatrix},\]where the vector being projected onto has direction vector $\begin{pmatrix} \cos \theta \\ \sin \theta \end{pmatrix}.$ The determinant of this matrix is then \[...
human
Let $\mathbf{a} = \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ 4 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}$ and $\mathbf{b} = \begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ 1 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}.$ Find the unit vector $\mathbf{v}$ so that $\mathbf{b}$ bisects the angle between $\mathbf{a}$ and $\mathbf{v}.$
gpt
Note that $\|\mathbf{a}\| = 5,$ so $\mathbf{b}$ is collinear with the midpoint of $\mathbf{a}$ and $5 \mathbf{v}.$ In other words, \[\mathbf{b} = k \cdot \frac{\mathbf{a} + 5 \mathbf{v}}{2}\]for some scalar $k.$ [asy] import three; size(180); currentprojection = perspective(3,6,2); triple I = (1,0,0), J = (0,1,0), ...
human
The matrices \[\begin{pmatrix} a & 1 & b \\ 2 & 2 & 3 \\ c & 5 & d \end{pmatrix} \quad \text{and} \quad \begin{pmatrix} -5 & e & -11 \\ f & -13 & g \\ 2 & h & 4 \end{pmatrix}\]are inverses. Find $a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h.$
gpt
The product of the matrices is \[\begin{pmatrix} a & 1 & b \\ 2 & 2 & 3 \\ c & 5 & d \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} -5 & e & -11 \\ f & -13 & g \\ 2 & h & 4 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} -5a + f + 2b & ae - 13 + bh & -11a + g + 4b \\ -10 + 2f + 6 & 2e - 26 + 3h & -22 + 2g + 12 \\ -5c + 5f + 2d & ce - 65 + dh & -11c + ...
human
Let $\theta$ be the angle between the line \[\frac{x + 1}{2} = \frac{y}{3} = \frac{z - 3}{6}\]and the plane $-10x - 2y + 11z = 3.$ Find $\sin \theta.$ [asy] import three; size(150); currentprojection = perspective(6,3,2); triple I = (1,0,0), J = (0,1,0), K = (0,0,1), O = (0,0,0); draw(surface((2*I + 2*J)--(2*I - 2...
gpt
The direction vector of the line is $\mathbf{d} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 3 \\ 6 \end{pmatrix},$ and the normal vector to the plane is $\mathbf{n} = \begin{pmatrix} -10 \\ -2 \\ 11 \end{pmatrix}.$ Note that if $\theta$ is the angle between $\mathbf{d}$ in the plane, then the angle between $\mathbf{d}$ and $\mathbf{n}$ is...
human
Let $f$ be the function defined by $f(x) = -2 \sin(\pi x)$. How many values of $x$ such that $-2 \le x \le 2$ satisfy the equation $f(f(f(x))) = f(x)$?
gpt
The graph of $y = f(x)$ is shown below. [asy] unitsize(1.5 cm); real func (real x) { return (-2*sin(pi*x)); } draw(graph(func,-2,2),red); draw((-2.5,0)--(2.5,0)); draw((0,-2.5)--(0,2.5)); draw((1,-0.1)--(1,0.1)); draw((2,-0.1)--(2,0.1)); draw((-1,-0.1)--(-1,0.1)); draw((-2,-0.1)--(-2,0.1)); draw((-0.1,1)--(0.1,1)...
human
Find the value of \[\cot(\cot^{-1}3+\cot^{-1}7+\cot^{-1}13+\cot^{-1}21).\]
gpt
First, we compute $\cot (\tan^{-1} a).$ Let $x = \tan^{-1} a,$ so $a = \tan x.$ Then \[\cot (\tan^{-1} a) = \cot x = \frac{1}{\tan x} = \frac{1}{a}.\]By the tangent addition formula, \[\tan (\tan^{-1} a + \tan^{-1} b) = \frac{a + b}{1 - ab}.\]Then \begin{align*} \cot (\cot^{-1} a + \cot^{-1} b) &= \frac{1}{\tan (\cot...
human
Find the maximum value of \[y = \tan \left( x + \frac{2 \pi}{3} \right) - \tan \left( x + \frac{\pi}{6} \right) + \cos \left( x + \frac{\pi}{6} \right)\]for $-\frac{5 \pi}{12} \le x \le -\frac{\pi}{3}.$
gpt
Let $z = -x - \frac{\pi}{6}.$ Then $\frac{\pi}{6} \le z \le \frac{\pi}{4},$ and $\frac{\pi}{3} \le 2z \le \frac{\pi}{2}.$ Also, \[\tan \left( x + \frac{2 \pi}{3} \right) = \tan \left( \frac{\pi}{2} - z \right) = \cot z,\]so \begin{align*} y &= \cot z + \tan z + \cos z \\ &= \frac{\cos z}{\sin z} + \frac{\sin z}{\cos ...
human
Let $a,$ $b,$ $c$ be nonzero real numbers. Find the number of real roots of the equation \[\begin{vmatrix} x & c & -b \\ -c & x & a \\ b & -a & x \end{vmatrix} = 0.\]
gpt
We can expand the determinant as follows: \begin{align*} \begin{vmatrix} x & c & -b \\ -c & x & a \\ b & -a & x \end{vmatrix} &= x \begin{vmatrix} x & a \\ -a & x \end{vmatrix} - c \begin{vmatrix} -c & a \\ b & x \end{vmatrix} - b \begin{vmatrix} -c & x \\ b & -a \end{vmatrix} \\ &= x(x^2 + a^2) - c(-cx - ab) - b(ac - ...
human
Given that $\log_{10}\sin x + \log_{10}\cos x= -1$ and that $\log_{10}(\sin x+\cos x)=\frac{1}{2}(\log_{10}n-1)$, find $n$.
gpt
Use logarithm properties to obtain $\log_{10} (\sin x \cos x)= -1$, and then $\sin x \cos x = \frac{1}{10}$. Note that \[(\sin x+\cos x)^2 = \sin^2 x +\cos^2 x+2\sin x\cos x=1+{2\over10}={12\over10}.\]Thus \[2\log_{10} (\sin x+\cos x)= \log_{10} [(\sin x + \cos x)^2] = \log_{10} {12\over10}=\log_{10} 12-1,\]so \[\log_...
human
Find $\sec \frac{5 \pi}{3}.$
gpt
Converting to degrees, \[\frac{5 \pi}{3} = \frac{180^\circ}{\pi} \cdot \frac{5 \pi}{3} = 300^\circ.\]Then \[\sec 300^\circ = \frac{1}{\cos 300^\circ}.\]Since the cosine function has period $360^\circ,$ \[\cos 300^\circ = \cos (300^\circ - 360^\circ) = \cos (-60^\circ) = \cos 60^\circ = \frac{1}{2},\]so $\sec 300^\circ ...
human
The equation of the line joining the complex numbers $-2 + 3i$ and $1 + i$ can be expressed in the form \[az + b \overline{z} = 10\]for some complex numbers $a$ and $b$. Find the product $ab$.
gpt
Solution 1: Let $u = -2 + 3i$ and $v = 1 + i$, and let $z$ lie on the line joining $u$ and $v.$ Then \[\frac{z - u}{v - u}\]is real. But a complex number is real if and only if it is equal to its conjugate, which gives us the equation \[\frac{z - u}{v - u} = \frac{\overline{z} - \overline{u}}{\overline{v} - \overline...
human
When the vectors $\begin{pmatrix} -5 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$ and $\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix}$ are both projected onto the same vector $\mathbf{v},$ the result is $\mathbf{p}$ in both cases. Find $\mathbf{p}.$
gpt
Note that the vector $\mathbf{p}$ must lie on the line passing through $\begin{pmatrix} -5 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$ and $\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix}.$ This line can be parameterized by \[\begin{pmatrix} -5 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} + t \left( \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix} - \begin{pmatrix} -5 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} \r...
human
Let $\mathbf{a},$ $\mathbf{b},$ $\mathbf{c}$ be vectors, and let $D$ be the determinant of the matrix whose column vectors are $\mathbf{a},$ $\mathbf{b},$ and $\mathbf{c}.$ Then the determinant of the matrix whose column vectors are $\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b},$ $\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c},$ and $\mathbf{c} \times...
gpt
The determinant $D$ is given by $\mathbf{a} \cdot (\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}).$ Let $D'$ be the determinant of the matrix whose column vectors are $\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b},$ $\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c},$ and $\mathbf{c} \times \mathbf{a}.$ Then \[D' = (\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b}) \cdot ((\mathbf{b} \times...
human
If \[(1 + \tan 1^\circ)(1 + \tan 2^\circ)(1 + \tan 3^\circ) \dotsm (1 + \tan 45^\circ) = 2^n,\]then find $n.$
gpt
Note that for any angle $x,$ from the angle subtraction formula, \begin{align*} (1 + \tan x)(1 + \tan (45^\circ - x)) &= (1 + \tan x) \left( 1 + \frac{\tan 45^\circ - \tan x}{1 + \tan 45^\circ \tan x} \right) \\ &= (1 + \tan x) \left( 1 + \frac{1 - \tan x}{1 + \tan x} \right) \\ &= 1 + \tan x + 1 - \tan x \\ &= 2. \end...
human
In the diagram below, triangle $ABC$ has been reflected over its median $\overline{AM}$ to produce triangle $AB'C'$. If $AE = 6$, $EC =12$, and $BD = 10$, then find $AB$. [asy] size(250); pair A,B,C,D,M,BB,CC,EE; B = (0,0); D = (10,0); M = (15,0); C=2*M; A = D + (scale(1.2)*rotate(aCos((225-144-25)/120))*(M-D)); CC =...
gpt
Since $M$ is the midpoint of $\overline{BC}$, we have $[ABM] = [ACM]$. Since $ADM$ is the reflection of $AEM$ over $\overline{AM}$, we have $[ADM] = [AEM]$ and $AD = AE = 6$. Similarly, we have $[C'DM] = [CEM]$ and $C'D = CE = 12$. Since $[ABM]=[ACM]$ and $[ADM]=[AEM]$, we have $[ABM]-[ADM] = [ACM]-[AEM]$, so $[ABD]...
human
There are two straight lines, each of which passes through four points of the form $(1,0,a), (b,1,0), (0,c,1),$ and $(6d,6d,-d),$ where $a,b,c,$ and $d$ are real numbers, not necessarily in that order. Enter all possible values of $d,$ separated by commas.
gpt
Let $\mathbf{a} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ a \end{pmatrix},$ $\mathbf{b} = \begin{pmatrix} b \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix},$ $\mathbf{c} = \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ c \\ 1 \end{pmatrix},$ and $\mathbf{d} = \begin{pmatrix} 6d \\ 6d \\ -d \end{pmatrix}.$ For these to be collinear, the following vectors must be proportional: \begi...