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human
Find the range of the function $f(x) = \arcsin x + \arccos x + \arctan x.$ All functions are in radians.
gpt
Note that $f(x)$ is defined only for $-1 \le x \le 1.$ First, we claim that $\arccos x + \arcsin x = \frac{\pi}{2}$ for all $x \in [-1,1].$ Note that \[\cos \left( \frac{\pi}{2} - \arcsin x \right) = \cos (\arccos x) = x.\]Furthermore, $-\frac{\pi}{2} \le \arcsin x \le \frac{\pi}{2},$ so $0 \le \frac{\pi}{2} - \arcsi...
human
Convert the point $(1,-\sqrt{3})$ in rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates. Enter your answer in the form $(r,\theta),$ where $r > 0$ and $0 \le \theta < 2 \pi.$
gpt
We have that $r = \sqrt{1^2 + (-\sqrt{3})^2} = 2.$ Also, if we draw the line connecting the origin and $(1,-\sqrt{3}),$ this line makes an angle of $\frac{5 \pi}{3}$ with the positive $x$-axis. [asy] unitsize(0.8 cm); draw((-2.5,0)--(2.5,0)); draw((0,-2.5)--(0,2.5)); draw(arc((0,0),2,0,300),red,Arrow(6)); draw((0,0)...
human
Find the maximum value of \[\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 + \sin \theta & 1 \\ 1 + \cos \theta & 1 & 1 \end{vmatrix},\]as $\theta$ ranges over all angles.
gpt
We can expand the determinant as follows: \begin{align*} \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 + \sin \theta & 1 \\ 1 + \cos \theta & 1 & 1 \end{vmatrix} &= \begin{vmatrix} 1 + \sin \theta & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{vmatrix} - \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 1 + \cos \theta & 1 \end{vmatrix} + \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 + \sin \theta \\ 1 + \...
human
In a triangle with sides of lengths $a,$ $b,$ and $c,$ \[(a + b + c)(a + b - c) = 3ab.\]Find the angle opposite the side of length $c,$ in degrees.
gpt
Expanding, we get \[a^2 + 2ab + b^2 - c^2 = 3ab,\]so $a^2 - ab + b^2 = c^2.$ Then by the Law of Cosines, \[\cos C = \frac{a^2 + b^2 - c^2}{2ab} = \frac{ab}{2ab} = \frac{1}{2},\]so $C = \boxed{60^\circ}.$
human
Let $a$ and $b$ be acute angles such that \begin{align*} 3 \sin^2 a + 2 \sin^2 b &= 1, \\ 3 \sin 2a - 2 \sin 2b &= 0. \end{align*}Find $a + 2b,$ as measured in radians.
gpt
From the first equation, using the double angle formula, \[3 \sin^2 a = 1 - 2 \sin^2 b = \cos 2b.\]From the second equation, again using the double angle formula, \[\sin 2b = \frac{3}{2} \sin 2a = 3 \cos a \sin a.\]Since $\cos^2 2b + \sin^2 2b = 1,$ \[9 \sin^4 a + 9 \cos^2 a \sin^2 a = 1.\]Then $9 \sin^2 a (\sin^2 a + ...
human
Suppose $\cos x =0$ and $\cos(x+z)= \frac{1}{2}$. What is the smallest possible positive value of $z,$ in radians?
gpt
Because $\cos x =0$ and $\cos(x+z)=\frac{1}{2}$, it follows that $x= \frac{m\pi}{2}$ for some odd integer $m$ and $x+z=2n\pi \pm \frac{\pi}{3}$ for some integer $n$. Therefore \[z = 2n\pi - \frac{m\pi}{2}\pm\frac{\pi}{3} = k\pi + \frac{\pi}{2}\pm\frac{\pi}{3}\]for some integer $k$. The smallest value of $k$ that yield...
human
Let \[\mathbf{M} = \begin{pmatrix} a & b & c \\ b & c & a \\ c & a & b \end{pmatrix}\]be a matrix with complex entries such that $\mathbf{M}^2 = \mathbf{I}.$ If $abc = 1,$ then find the possible values of $a^3 + b^3 + c^3.$
gpt
We find that \[\mathbf{M}^2 = \begin{pmatrix} a & b & c \\ b & c & a \\ c & a & b \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} a & b & c \\ b & c & a \\ c & a & b \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} a^2 + b^2 + c^2 & ab + ac + bc & ab + ac + bc \\ ab + ac + bc & a^2 + b^2 + c^2 & ab + ac + bc \\ ab + ac + bc & ab + ac + bc & a^2 + b^2 +...
human
A parallelogram is generated by the vectors $\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 1\\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$ and $\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ -1 \\ - 1 \end{pmatrix}.$ [asy] unitsize(0.4 cm); pair A, B, C, D; A = (0,0); B = (7,2); C = (1,3); D = B + C; draw(A--B,Arrow(6)); draw(A--C,Arrow(6)); draw(B--D--C); draw(B--C,dashed); draw(A--D,dashed...
gpt
Suppose that vectors $\mathbf{a}$ and $\mathbf{b}$ generate the parallelogram. Then the vectors corresponding to the diagonals are $\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b}$ and $\mathbf{b} - \mathbf{a}.$ [asy] unitsize(0.4 cm); pair A, B, C, D, trans; A = (0,0); B = (7,2); C = (1,3); D = B + C; trans = (10,0); draw(B--D--C); draw...
human
Find the projection of $\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix}$ onto the plane $3x - y + 4z = 0.$
gpt
Let $P$ be the plane $3x - y + 4z = 0.$ We can take $\mathbf{n} = \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ -1 \\ 4 \end{pmatrix}$ as the normal vector of plane $P.$ Let $\mathbf{v} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix},$ and let $\mathbf{p}$ be its projection onto plane $P.$ Note that $\mathbf{v} - \mathbf{p}$ is parallel to $\ma...
human
Let $\mathbf{v}$ be a vector such that \[\left\| \mathbf{v} + \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix} \right\| = 8.\]Find the smallest possible value of $\|\mathbf{v}\|.$
gpt
For all vectors $\mathbf{a}$ and $\mathbf{b},$ by the Triangle Inequality, \[\|\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b}\| \le \|\mathbf{a}\| + \|\mathbf{b}\|.\]In particular, \[\left\| \mathbf{v} + \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix} \right\| \le \|\mathbf{v}\| + \left\| \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix} \right\|.\]Therefore, \[\...
human
Find all values of $x$ with $0 \le x < 2 \pi$ that satisfy $\sin x + \cos x = \sqrt{2}.$ Enter all the solutions, separated by commas.
gpt
Squaring both sides, we get \[\sin^2 x + 2 \sin x \cos x + \cos x^2 = 2.\]Then $2 \sin x \cos x = 1,$ so $\sin 2x = 1.$ Since $0 \le x < 2 \pi,$ $2x = \frac{\pi}{2}$ or $2x = \frac{5 \pi}{2},$ so $x = \frac{\pi}{4}$ or $x = \frac{5 \pi}{4}.$ We check that only $\boxed{\frac{\pi}{4}}$ works.
human
Let $a$ and $b$ be angles such that $\sin (a + b) = \frac{3}{4}$ and $\sin (a - b) = \frac{1}{2}.$ Find $\frac{\tan a}{\tan b}.$
gpt
By product-to-sum, \[2 \sin a \cos b = \sin (a + b) + \sin (a - b) = \frac{3}{4} + \frac{1}{2} = \frac{5}{4}\]and \[2 \cos a \sin b = \sin (a + b) - \sin (a - b) = \frac{3}{4} - \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{4}.\]Dividing these equations, we get \[\frac{\sin a \cos b}{\cos a \sin b} = 5,\]which simplifies to $\frac{\tan a}{\t...
human
In triangle $ABC$, $AB = 13$, $BC = 15$, and $CA = 14$. Point $D$ is on $\overline{BC}$ with $CD = 6$. Point $E$ is on $\overline{BC}$ such that $\angle BAE = \angle CAD$. Find $BE.$
gpt
Let $\alpha = \angle BAE= \angle CAD$, and let $\beta=\angle EAD$. Then $${{BD}\over{DC}}= {{[ABD]}\over{[ADC]}} ={{\frac{1}{2} \cdot AB\cdot AD\sin \angle BAD}\over{\frac{1}{2} \cdot AD\cdot AC\sin \angle CAD}} ={{AB}\over{AC}}\cdot{{\sin(\alpha+\beta)}\over{\sin\alpha}}.$$Similarly, $${{BE}\over{EC}}={{AB}\over{AC}}...
human
Let $\mathbf{a},$ $\mathbf{b},$ $\mathbf{c}$ be vectors such that $\|\mathbf{a}\| = 1,$ $\|\mathbf{b}\| = 5,$ $\|\mathbf{c}\| = 3,$ and \[\mathbf{a} \times (\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b}) = \mathbf{c}.\]If $\theta$ is the angle between $\mathbf{a}$ and $\mathbf{b},$ then find $\sin \theta.$
gpt
Note that vectors $\mathbf{a}$ and $\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b}$ are orthogonal, so \[\|\mathbf{c}\| = \|\mathbf{a} \times (\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b})\| = \|\mathbf{a}\| \|\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b}\|.\]Also, $\|\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b}\| = \|\mathbf{a}\| \|\mathbf{b}\| \sin \theta,$ so \[3 = 1 \cdot 1 \cdot ...
human
In triangle $ABC,$ $\angle B = 30^\circ,$ $AB = 150,$ and $AC = 50 \sqrt{3}.$ Find the sum of all possible values of $BC.$
gpt
By the Law of Sines, \[\frac{AB}{\sin C} = \frac{AC}{\sin B},\]so \[\sin C = \frac{AB \sin B}{AC} = \frac{150 \sin 30^\circ}{50 \sqrt{3}} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.\]Hence, $C = 60^\circ$ or $C = 120^\circ.$ If $C = 60^\circ,$ then $A = 180^\circ - 30^\circ - 60^\circ = 90^\circ.$ Then by Pythagoras, \[BC = \sqrt{150^2 + ...
human
Compute \[\left( 1 - \frac{1}{\cos 23^\circ} \right) \left( 1 + \frac{1}{\sin 67^\circ} \right) \left( 1 - \frac{1}{\sin 23^\circ} \right) \left( 1 + \frac{1}{\cos 67^\circ} \right).\]
gpt
We can write \begin{align*} &\left( 1 - \frac{1}{\cos 23^\circ} \right) \left( 1 + \frac{1}{\sin 67^\circ} \right) \left( 1 - \frac{1}{\sin 23^\circ} \right) \left( 1 + \frac{1}{\cos 67^\circ} \right) \\ &= \frac{\cos 23^\circ - 1}{\cos 23^\circ} \cdot \frac{\sin 67^\circ + 1}{\sin 67^\circ} \cdot \frac{\sin 23^\circ -...
human
Let $\mathbf{a} = \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ p \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}$ and $\mathbf{b} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 1 \\ q \end{pmatrix}$ be vectors that are equal in magnitude, and orthogonal. Enter the ordered pair $(p,q).$
gpt
Since the vectors are orthogonal, their dot product is 0, which gives us \[(3)(2) + (p)(1) + (-1)(q) = 0.\]Then $p - q = -6.$ Since the vectors have equal magnitudes, \[3^2 + p^2 + (-1)^2 = 2^2 + 1^2 + q^2.\]Then $p^2 - q^2 = -5.$ This factors as $(p + q)(p - q) = -5,$ so \[p + q = \frac{5}{6}.\]We can then solve the...
human
Solve \[\arctan \frac{1}{x} + \arctan \frac{1}{x^3} = \frac{\pi}{4}.\]
gpt
From the given equation, \[\tan \left( \arctan \frac{1}{x} + \arctan \frac{1}{x^3} \right) = \tan \frac{\pi}{4} = 1.\]Then from the addition formula for tangent, \[\frac{\frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{x^3}}{1 - \frac{1}{x} \cdot \frac{1}{x^3}} = 1,\]or \[\frac{x^3 + x}{x^4 - 1} = 1.\]Hence, $x^4 - 1 = x^3 + x,$ or $x^4 - x^3 ...
human
Compute $\cos 75^\circ.$
gpt
From the angle addition formula, \begin{align*} \cos 75^\circ &= \cos (45^\circ + 30^\circ) \\ &= \cos 45^\circ \cos 30^\circ - \sin 45^\circ \sin 30^\circ \\ &= \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \\ &= \boxed{\frac{\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2}}{4}}. \end{align*}
human
In triangle $ABC,$ if median $\overline{AD}$ makes an angle of $45^\circ$ with side $\overline{BC},$ then find the value of $|\cot B - \cot C|.$
gpt
Let $P$ be the foot of the altitude from $A$ to $\overline{BC}.$ Let $x = BD = CD,$ and let $y = BP.$ Since $\angle ADP = 45^\circ,$ $AP = PD = x + y.$ [asy] unitsize(2 cm); pair A, B, C ,D, P; D = (0,0); B = (-1,0); C = (1,0); A = D + 2*dir(135); P = (A.x,0); draw(A--P--C--cycle); draw(A--B); draw(A--D); label(...
human
Let $\mathbf{a} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}$ and $\mathbf{b} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 0 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}.$ Find the vector $\mathbf{v}$ that satisfies $\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{a} = \mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{a}$ and $\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{b} = \mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b}.$
gpt
From the first equation, $\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{a} - \mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{a} = \mathbf{0},$ so \[(\mathbf{v} - \mathbf{b}) \times \mathbf{a} = \mathbf{0}.\]This tells us that the vectors $\mathbf{v} - \mathbf{b}$ and $\mathbf{a}$ are parallel, so $\mathbf{v} - \mathbf{b}$ is of the form $t \mathbf{a}.$ Thus, ...
human
Compute $\arcsin \left( -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \right).$ Express your answer in radians.
gpt
Since $\sin \left( -\frac{\pi}{3} \right) = -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2},$ $\arcsin \left( -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \right) = \boxed{-\frac{\pi}{3}}.$
human
The side of a triangle are 2, $\sqrt{6},$ and $1 + \sqrt{3}.$ Enter the angles of the triangle in degrees, separated by commas.
gpt
By the Law of Cosines, the cosine of one angle is \[\frac{2^2 + (1 + \sqrt{3})^2 - (\sqrt{6})^2}{2 \cdot 2 \cdot (1 + \sqrt{3})} = \frac{2 + 2 \sqrt{3}}{4 + 4 \sqrt{3}} = \frac{1}{2},\]so this angle is $\boxed{60^\circ}.$ The cosine of another angle is \[\frac{(1 + \sqrt{3})^2 + (\sqrt{6})^2 - 2^2}{2 (1 + \sqrt{3})(\s...
human
In rectangle $ABCD,$ $P$ is a point on side $\overline{BC}$ such that $BP = 16$ and $CP = 8.$ If $\tan \angle APD = 3,$ then find $AB.$
gpt
Let $Q$ be the projection of $P$ onto $\overline{AD},$ and let $x = AB = PQ.$ [asy] unitsize(1.5 cm); pair A, B, C, D, P, Q; A = (0,0); B = (0,2); C = (3,2); D = (3,0); P = (2,2); Q = (2,0); draw(A--B--C--D--cycle); draw(A--P--D); draw(P--Q); label("$A$", A, SW); label("$B$", B, NW); label("$C$", C, NE); label("$D...
human
In triangle $ABC,$ we have $\angle C = 3\angle A,$ $a = 27,$ and $c = 48.$ What is $b$? Note: $a$ is the side length opposite $\angle A,$ etc.
gpt
By the Law of Sines, \[\frac{27}{\sin A} = \frac{48}{\sin 3A}.\]Then $\frac{\sin 3A}{\sin A} = \frac{48}{27},$ or \[3 - 4 \sin^2 A = \frac{16}{9}.\]Hence, $\sin^2 A = \frac{11}{36},$ so $\sin A = \frac{\sqrt{11}}{6}.$ Also, \[\cos^2 A = 1 - \frac{11}{36} = \frac{25}{36}.\]Since $A = \frac{C}{3} < 60^\circ,$ $\cos A = ...
human
Let $a,$ $b,$ $c$ be the roots of $x^3 + px + q = 0.$ Express \[\begin{vmatrix} 1 + a & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 + b & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 + c \end{vmatrix}\]in terms of $p$ and $q.$
gpt
We can expand the determinant as follows: \begin{align*} \begin{vmatrix} 1 + a & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 + b & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 + c \end{vmatrix} &= (1 + a) \begin{vmatrix} 1 + b & 1 \\ 1 & 1 + c \end{vmatrix} - \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 + c \end{vmatrix} + \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 + b \\ 1 & 1 \end{vmatrix} \\ &= (1 + a)((1 + ...
human
Let $P$ be a point on the line \[\begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ -1 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix} + t \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -2 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}\]and let $Q$ be a point on the line \[\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 4 \end{pmatrix} + s \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}.\]Find the shortest possible distance $PQ.$
gpt
For the first line, we can write $P$ as$(2t + 3, -2t - 1, t + 2).$ For the second line, we can write $Q$ as $(s, 2s, -s + 4).$ Then \begin{align*} PQ^2 &= ((2t + 3) - (s))^2 + ((-2t - 1) - (2s))^2 + ((t + 2) - (-s + 4))^2 \\ &= 6s^2 + 6st + 9t^2 - 6s + 12t + 14. \end{align*}The terms $6st$ and $9t^2$ suggest the expa...
human
Compute $\arctan \frac{2}{5} + \arctan \frac{5}{2}.$ Express your answer in radians.
gpt
Consider a right triangle with legs 2 and 5. [asy] unitsize(1 cm); draw((0,0)--(5,0)--(5,2)--cycle); draw((4.8,0)--(4.8,0.2)--(5,0.2)); label("$5$", (5/2,0), S); label("$2$", (5,1), E); [/asy] One angle of the triangle is $\frac{\pi}{2},$ and the other two angles are $\arctan \frac{2}{5}$ and $\arctan \frac{5}{2}.$...
human
Given $\tan \theta = 5,$ find \[\frac{1 - \cos \theta}{\sin \theta} - \frac{\sin \theta}{1 + \cos \theta}.\]
gpt
We have that \begin{align*} \frac{1 - \cos \theta}{\sin \theta} - \frac{\sin \theta}{1 + \cos \theta} &= \frac{(1 - \cos \theta)(1 + \cos \theta) - \sin^2 \theta}{\sin \theta (1 + \cos \theta)} \\ &= \frac{1 - \cos^2 \theta - \sin^2 \theta}{\sin \theta (1 + \cos \theta)} \\ &= \boxed{0}. \end{align*}
human
The equation $\sin^2 x + \sin^2 2x + \sin^2 3x + \sin^2 4x = 2$ can be reduced to the equivalent equation \[\cos ax \cos bx \cos cx = 0,\]for some positive integers $a,$ $b,$ and $c.$ Find $a + b + c.$
gpt
From the double angle formula, \[\frac{1 - \cos 2x}{2} + \frac{1 - \cos 4x}{2} + \frac{1 - \cos 6x}{2} + \frac{1 - \cos 8x}{2} = 2,\]so $\cos 2x + \cos 4x + \cos 6x + \cos 8x = 0.$ Then by sum-to-product, \[\cos 2x + \cos 8x = 2 \cos 5x \cos 3x\]and \[\cos 4x + \cos 6x = 2 \cos 5x \cos x,\]so \[2 \cos 5x \cos 3x + 2 \...
human
Given vectors $\mathbf{v}$ and $\mathbf{w}$ such that $\|\mathbf{v}\| = 3,$ $\|\mathbf{w}\| = 7,$ and $\mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{w} = 10,$ then find $\|\operatorname{proj}_{\mathbf{w}} \mathbf{v}\|.$
gpt
Note that \begin{align*} \|\operatorname{proj}_{\mathbf{w}} \mathbf{v}\| &= \left\| \frac{\mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{w}}{\|\mathbf{w}\|^2} \mathbf{w} \right\| \\ &= \frac{|\mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{w}|}{\|\mathbf{w}\|^2} \cdot \|\mathbf{w}\| \\ &= \frac{|\mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{w}|}{\|\mathbf{w}\|} \\ &= \boxed{\frac{10}...
human
A prism is constructed so that its vertical edges are parallel to the $z$-axis. Its cross-section is a square of side length 10. [asy] import three; size(180); currentprojection = perspective(6,3,2); triple A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H; A = (1,1,0); B = (1,-1,0); C = (-1,-1,0); D = (-1,1,0); E = A + (0,0,1); F = B + (0,...
gpt
We can assume that the square base is centered at $(0,0,0).$ All the vertices of the base lie on a circle with radius $\frac{10}{\sqrt{2}} = 5 \sqrt{2},$ so we can assume that the vertices of the base are \begin{align*} A &= (5 \sqrt{2} \cos \theta, 5 \sqrt{2} \sin \theta), \\ B &= (-5 \sqrt{2} \sin \theta, 5 \sqrt{2}...
human
Find $\sec (-300^\circ).$
gpt
We have that \[\sec (-300^\circ) = \frac{1}{\cos (-300^\circ)}.\]Since the cosine function has period $360^\circ,$ \[\cos (-300^\circ) = \cos (-300^\circ + 360^\circ) = \cos 60^\circ = \frac{1}{2},\]so \[\frac{1}{\cos (-300^\circ)} = \boxed{2}.\]
human
Let $\mathbf{p}$ and $\mathbf{q}$ be two three-dimensional unit vectors such that the angle between them is $30^\circ.$ Find the area of the parallelogram whose diagonals correspond to $\mathbf{p} + 2 \mathbf{q}$ and $2 \mathbf{p} + \mathbf{q}.$
gpt
Suppose that vectors $\mathbf{a}$ and $\mathbf{b}$ generate the parallelogram. Then the vectors corresponding to the diagonals are $\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b}$ and $\mathbf{b} - \mathbf{a}.$ [asy] unitsize(0.4 cm); pair A, B, C, D, trans; A = (0,0); B = (7,2); C = (1,3); D = B + C; trans = (10,0); draw(B--D--C); draw...
human
Find all values of $a$ for which the points $(0,0,0),$ $(1,a,0),$ $(0,1,a),$ and $(a,0,1)$ are coplanar.
gpt
If the points $(0,0,0),$ $(1,a,0),$ $(0,1,a),$ and $(a,0,1)$ are coplanar, then the parallelepiped generated by the corresponding vectors $\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ a \\ 0 \end{pmatrix},$ $\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \\ a \end{pmatrix},$ and $\begin{pmatrix} a \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$ has a volume of 0. Thus, \[\begin{vmatrix} ...
human
Compute \[\begin{vmatrix} 7 & 3 \\ -1 & 2 \end{vmatrix}.\]
gpt
We have that \[\begin{vmatrix} 7 & 3 \\ -1 & 2 \end{vmatrix} = (7)(2) - (3)(-1) = \boxed{17}.\]
human
Find the range of the function \[f(x) = \frac{\sin^3 x + 6 \sin^2 x + \sin x + 2 \cos^2 x - 8}{\sin x - 1},\]as $x$ ranges over all real numbers such that $\sin x \neq 1.$ Enter your answer using interval notation.
gpt
Since $\cos^2 x = 1 - \sin^2 x,$ we can write \begin{align*} f(x) &= \frac{\sin^3 x + 6 \sin^2 x + \sin x + 2(1 - \sin^2 x) - 8}{\sin x - 1} \\ &= \frac{\sin^3 x + 4 \sin^2 x + \sin x - 6}{\sin x - 1} \\ &= \frac{(\sin x - 1)(\sin x + 2)(\sin x + 3)}{\sin x - 1} \\ &= (\sin x + 2)(\sin x + 3) \\ &= \sin^2 x + 5 \sin x ...
human
The roots of \[z^7 = -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} - \frac{i}{\sqrt{2}}\]are $\text{cis } \theta_1$, $\text{cis } \theta_2$, $\dots$, $\text{cis } \theta_7$, where $0^\circ \le \theta_k < 360^\circ$ for all $1 \le k \le 7$. Find $\theta_1 + \theta_2 + \dots + \theta_7$. Give your answer in degrees.
gpt
Let $z = \text{cis } \theta$. Then \[z^7 = \text{cis } 7 \theta.\]Using cis notation, \[-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} - \frac{i}{\sqrt{2}} = \text{cis } 225^\circ,\]so we want \[\text{cis } 7 \theta = \text{cis } 225^\circ.\]This equation holds if and only if \[7 \theta = 225^\circ + 360^\circ k\]for some integer $k$, or \[\the...
human
Simplify $\cot 10 + \tan 5.$ Enter your answer as a trigonometric function evaluated at an integer, such as "sin 7".
gpt
We can write \[\cot 10 + \tan 5 = \frac{\cos 10}{\sin 10} + \frac{\sin 5}{\cos 5} = \frac{\cos 10 \cos 5 + \sin 5 \sin 10}{\sin 10 \cos 5}.\]From the angle subtraction formula, the numerator is equal to $\cos (10 - 5) = \cos 5,$ so \[\frac{\cos 10 \cos 5 + \sin 5 \sin 10}{\sin 10 \cos 5} = \frac{\cos 5}{\sin 10 \cos 5}...
human
Compute $\begin{pmatrix} 1 & -1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{pmatrix}^3.$
gpt
We have that \begin{align*} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{pmatrix}^3 &= \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \\ &= \begin{pmatrix} 0 & -1 \\ 1 & -1 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \\ &...
human
The sphere with radius 1 and center $(0,0,1)$ rests on the $xy$-plane. A light source is at $P = (0,-1,2).$ Then the boundary of the shadow of the sphere can be expressed in the form $y = f(x),$ for some function $f(x).$ Find the function $f(x).$
gpt
Let $O = (0,0,1)$ be the center of the sphere, and let $X = (x,y,0)$ be a point on the boundary of the shadow. Since $X$ is on the boundary, $\overline{PX}$ is tangent to the sphere; let $T$ be the point of tangency. Note that $\angle PTO = 90^\circ.$ Also, lengths $OP$ and $OT$ are fixed, so $\angle OPT = \angle OP...
human
Convert the point $\left( 5, \frac{3 \pi}{2} \right)$ in polar coordinates to rectangular coordinates.
gpt
In rectangular coordinates, $\left( 5, \frac{3 \pi}{2} \right)$ becomes \[\left( 5 \cos \frac{3 \pi}{2}, 5 \sin \frac{3 \pi}{2} \right) = \boxed{(0,-5)}.\]
human
In right triangle $BCD$ with $\angle D = 90^\circ$, we have $BC = 9$ and $BD = 4$. Find $\sin B$.
gpt
The triangle is shown below: [asy] pair B,C,D; C = (0,0); D = (sqrt(65),0); B = (sqrt(65),4); draw(B--C--D--B); draw(rightanglemark(B,D,C,13)); label("$C$",C,SW); label("$B$",B,NE); label("$D$",D,SE); label("$9$",(B+C)/2,NW); label("$4$",(B+D)/2,E); [/asy] The Pythagorean Theorem gives us $CD = \sqrt{BC^2 - BD^2} = \...
human
For all real numbers $x$ except $x=0$ and $x=1$ the function $f(x)$ is defined by \[f \left( \frac{x}{x - 1} \right) = \frac{1}{x}.\]Suppose $0\leq t\leq \frac{\pi}{2}$. What is the value of $f(\sec^2t)$?
gpt
First, we must solve \[\frac{x}{x - 1} = \sec^2 t.\]Solving for $x,$ we find $x = \frac{\sec^2 t}{\sec^2 t - 1}.$ Then \[f(\sec^2 t) = \frac{1}{x} = \frac{\sec^2 t - 1}{\sec^2 t} = 1 - \cos^2 t = \boxed{\sin^2 t}.\]
human
A particle moves so that it is at $(2t + 7, 4t - 13)$ at time $t.$ Find the speed of the particle, measured in unit of distance per unit of time.
gpt
At time $t = k,$ the particle is at \[(2k + 7, 4k - 13).\]At time $t = k + 1,$ the particle is at \[(2(k + 1) + 7, 4(k + 1) - 13).\]The change in the $x$-coordinate is 2, and the change in the $y$-coordinate is 4, so the speed of the particle is $\sqrt{2^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{20} = \boxed{2 \sqrt{5}}.$
human
The matrix \[\begin{pmatrix} 3 & -1 \\ c & d \end{pmatrix}\]is its own inverse. Enter the ordered pair $(c,d).$
gpt
Since $\begin{pmatrix} 3 & -1 \\ c & d \end{pmatrix}$ is its own inverse, \[\begin{pmatrix} 3 & -1 \\ c & d \end{pmatrix}^2 = \begin{pmatrix} 3 & -1 \\ c & d \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} 3 & -1 \\ c & d \end{pmatrix} = \mathbf{I}.\]This gives us \[\begin{pmatrix} 9 - c & -d - 3 \\ cd + 3c & d^2 - c \end{pmatrix} = \ma...
human
Find the positive integer $n$ such that \[\sin \left( \frac{\pi}{2n} \right) + \cos \left (\frac{\pi}{2n} \right) = \frac{\sqrt{n}}{2}.\]
gpt
Squaring both sides, we get \[\sin^2 \left( \frac{\pi}{2n} \right) + 2 \sin \left( \frac{\pi}{2n} \right) \cos \left( \frac{\pi}{2n} \right) + \cos^2 \left( \frac{\pi}{2n} \right) = \frac{n}{4},\]which we can re-write as \[\sin \frac{\pi}{n} + 1 = \frac{n}{4},\]so \[\sin \frac{\pi}{n} = \frac{n}{4} - 1.\]Since $-1 \le ...
human
How many values of $x$, $-19<x<98$, satisfy $\cos^2 x + 2\sin^2 x = 1?$ (Note: $x$ is measured in radians.)
gpt
Since $\cos^2 x + \sin^2 x = 1,$ the given equation reduces to \[\sin^2 x = 0,\]so $\sin x = 0.$ This occurs exactly $x = k \pi$ for some integer $k.$ Then $-19 < k \pi < 98,$ or \[-\frac{19}{\pi} < k < \frac{98}{\pi}.\]Since $-\frac{19}{\pi} \approx -6.05$ and $\frac{98}{\pi} \approx 31.19,$ the possible values of $...
human
For real numbers $t,$ the point of intersection of the lines $x + 2y = 7t + 3$ and $x - y = 2t - 2$ is plotted. All the plotted points lie on a line. Find the slope of this line.
gpt
Solving for $x$ and $y,$ we find \[x = \frac{11t - 1}{3}, \quad y = \frac{5t + 5}{3}.\]From the first equation, \[t = \frac{3x + 1}{11}.\]Then \begin{align*} y &= \frac{5t + 5}{3} \\ &= \frac{5 \cdot \frac{3x + 1}{11} + 5}{3} \\ &= \frac{5}{11} x + \frac{20}{11}, \end{align*}Thus, the slope of the line is $\boxed{\frac...
human
Let $a$ and $b$ be angles such that \[\cos (a + b) = \cos a + \cos b.\]Find the maximum value of $\cos a.$
gpt
From $\cos (a + b) = \cos a + \cos b,$ $\cos a = \cos (a + b) - \cos b.$ Then from sum-to-product, \[\cos (a + b) - \cos b = -2 \sin \frac{a + 2b}{2} \sin \frac{a}{2}.\]Let $k = \sin \frac{a + 2b}{2},$ so \[\cos a = -2k \sin \frac{a}{2}.\]Then \[\cos^2 a = 4k^2 \sin^2 \frac{a}{2} = 4k^2 \cdot \frac{1}{2} (1 - \cos a) ...