from
stringclasses
2 values
value
stringlengths
16
6.77k
human
Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral, and let $G_A,$ $G_B,$ $G_C,$ $G_D$ denote the centroids of triangles $BCD,$ $ACD,$ $ABD,$ and $ABC,$ respectively. Find $\frac{[G_A G_B G_C G_D]}{[ABCD]}.$ [asy] unitsize(0.6 cm); pair A, B, C, D; pair[] G; A = (0,0); B = (7,1); C = (5,-5); D = (1,-3); G[1] = (B + C + D)/3; G[2...
gpt
We have that \begin{align*} \overrightarrow{G}_A &= \frac{\overrightarrow{B} + \overrightarrow{C} + \overrightarrow{D}}{3}, \\ \overrightarrow{G}_B &= \frac{\overrightarrow{A} + \overrightarrow{C} + \overrightarrow{D}}{3}, \\ \overrightarrow{G}_C &= \frac{\overrightarrow{A} + \overrightarrow{B} + \overrightarrow{D}}{3}...
human
The set of vectors $\mathbf{v}$ such that \[\mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{v} = \mathbf{v} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} 10 \\ -40 \\ 8 \end{pmatrix}\]forms a solid in space. Find the volume of this solid.
gpt
Let $\mathbf{v} = \begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{pmatrix}.$ Then from the given equation, \[x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 10x - 40y + 8z.\]Completing the square in $x,$ $y,$ and $z,$ we get \[(x - 5)^2 + (y + 20)^2 + (z - 4)^2 = 441.\]This represents the equation of a sphere with radius 21, and its volume is \[\frac{4}{3} \pi \...
human
In triangle $ABC,$ $AC = BC = 7.$ Let $D$ be a point on $\overline{AB}$ so that $AD = 8$ and $CD = 3.$ Find $BD.$
gpt
By the Law of Cosines on triangle $ACD,$ \[\cos \angle ADC = \frac{3^2 + 8^2 - 7^2}{2 \cdot 3 \cdot 8} = \frac{1}{2},\]so $\angle ADC = 60^\circ.$ [asy] unitsize(0.5 cm); pair A, B, C, D; A = (0,0); B = (13,0); C = intersectionpoint(arc(A,7,0,180),arc(B,7,0,180)); D = (8,0); draw(A--B--C--cycle); draw(C--D); label...
human
Let $\mathbf{a}$ and $\mathbf{b}$ be orthogonal vectors. If $\operatorname{proj}_{\mathbf{a}} \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} -\frac{3}{5} \\ -\frac{6}{5} \end{pmatrix},$ then find $\operatorname{proj}_{\mathbf{b}} \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix}.$
gpt
Since $\begin{pmatrix} -\frac{3}{5} \\ -\frac{6}{5} \end{pmatrix}$ is the projection of $\begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix}$ onto $\mathbf{a},$ \[\begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix} - \begin{pmatrix} -\frac{3}{5} \\ -\frac{6}{5} \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{18}{5} \\ -\frac{9}{5} \end{pmatrix}\]is orthogo...
human
Find the equation of the plane passing through $(-1,1,1)$ and $(1,-1,1),$ and which is perpendicular to the plane $x + 2y + 3z = 5.$ Enter your answer in the form \[Ax + By + Cz + D = 0,\]where $A,$ $B,$ $C,$ $D$ are integers such that $A > 0$ and $\gcd(|A|,|B|,|C|,|D|) = 1.$
gpt
The vector pointing from $(-1,1,1)$ to $(1,-1,1)$ is $\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -2 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}.$ Since the plane we are interested in is perpendicular to the plane $x + 2y + 3z = 5,$ its normal vector must be orthogonal to $\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix}.$ But the normal vector of the plane is also ortho...
human
Simplify \[\frac{\sin x + \sin 2x}{1 + \cos x + \cos 2x}.\]
gpt
We can write \begin{align*} \frac{\sin x + \sin 2x}{1 + \cos x + \cos 2x} &= \frac{\sin x + 2 \sin x \cos x}{1 + \cos x + 2 \cos^2 x - 1} \\ &= \frac{\sin x + 2 \sin x \cos x}{\cos x + 2 \cos^2 x} \\ &= \frac{\sin x (1 + 2 \cos x)}{\cos x (1 + 2 \cos x)} \\ &= \frac{\sin x}{\cos x} = \boxed{\tan x}. \end{align*}
human
If \[\frac{\sin^4 \theta}{a} + \frac{\cos^4 \theta}{b} = \frac{1}{a + b},\]then find the value of \[\frac{\sin^8 \theta}{a^3} + \frac{\cos^8 \theta}{b^3}\]in terms of $a$ and $b.$
gpt
Let $x = \sin^2 \theta$ and $y = \cos^2 \theta,$ so $x + y = 1.$ Also, \[\frac{x^2}{a} + \frac{y^2}{b} = \frac{1}{a + b}.\]Substituting $y = 1 - x,$ we get \[\frac{x^2}{a} + \frac{(1 - x)^2}{b} = \frac{1}{a + b}.\]This simplifies to \[(a^2 + 2ab + b^2) x^2 - (2a^2 + 2ab) x + a^2 = 0,\]which nicely factors as $((a + b)...
human
Let $z = \cos \frac{4 \pi}{7} + i \sin \frac{4 \pi}{7}.$ Compute \[\frac{z}{1 + z^2} + \frac{z^2}{1 + z^4} + \frac{z^3}{1 + z^6}.\]
gpt
Note $z^7 - 1 = \cos 4 \pi + i \sin 4 \pi - 1 = 0,$ so \[(z - 1)(z^6 + z^5 + z^4 + z^3 + z^2 + z + 1) = 0.\]Since $z \neq 1,$ $z^6 + z^5 + z^4 + z^3 + z^2 + z + 1 = 0.$ Then \begin{align*} \frac{z}{1 + z^2} + \frac{z^2}{1 + z^4} + \frac{z^3}{1 + z^6} &= \frac{z}{1 + z^2} + \frac{z^2}{1 + z^4} + \frac{z^3}{(1 + z^2)(1 ...
human
Compute \[\cos^6 0^\circ + \cos^6 1^\circ + \cos^6 2^\circ + \dots + \cos^6 90^\circ.\]
gpt
Let $S = \cos^6 0^\circ + \cos^6 1^\circ + \cos^6 2^\circ + \dots + \cos^6 90^\circ.$ Then \begin{align*} S &= \cos^6 0^\circ + \cos^6 1^\circ + \cos^6 2^\circ + \dots + \cos^6 90^\circ \\ &= \cos^6 90^\circ + \cos^6 89^\circ + \cos^6 88^\circ + \dots + \cos^6 0^\circ \\ &= \sin^6 0^\circ + \sin^6 1^\circ + \sin^6 2^\...
human
Let $a,$ $b,$ $c,$ $d$ be nonzero integers such that \[\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix}^2 = \begin{pmatrix} 7 & 0 \\ 0 & 7 \end{pmatrix}.\]Find the smallest possible value of $|a| + |b| + |c| + |d|.$
gpt
We have that \[\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix}^2 = \begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} a^2 + bc & ab + bd \\ ac + cd & bc + d^2 \end{pmatrix},\]so $a^2 + bc = bc + d^2 = 7$ and $ab + bd = ac + cd = 0.$ Then $b(a + d) = c(a + d) = 0.$ ...
human
A line is parameterized by a parameter $t,$ so that the vector on the line at $t = -1$ is $\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 3 \\ 8 \end{pmatrix},$ and the vector on the line at $t = 2$ is $\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ -2 \\ -4 \end{pmatrix}.$ Find the vector on the line at $t = 3.$
gpt
Let the line be \[\begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{pmatrix} = \mathbf{a} + t \mathbf{d}.\]Then from the given information, \begin{align*} \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 3 \\ 8 \end{pmatrix} = \mathbf{a} - \mathbf{d}, \\ \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ -2 \\ -4 \end{pmatrix} = \mathbf{a} + 2 \mathbf{d}. \end{align*}We can treat this system ...
human
In triangle $ABC,$ $AB = 3,$ $AC = 6,$ and $\cos \angle A = \frac{1}{8}.$ Find the length of angle bisector $\overline{AD}.$
gpt
By the Law of Cosines on triangle $ABC,$ \[BC = \sqrt{3^2 + 6^2 - 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 6 \cdot \frac{1}{8}} = \frac{9}{\sqrt{2}}.\][asy] unitsize (1 cm); pair A, B, C, D; B = (0,0); C = (9/sqrt(2),0); A = intersectionpoint(arc(B,3,0,180),arc(C,6,0,180)); D = interp(B,C,3/9); draw(A--B--C--cycle); draw(A--D); label("$A$"...
human
In tetrahedron $ABCD,$ \[\angle ADB = \angle ADC = \angle BDC = 90^\circ.\]Also, $x = \sin \angle CAD$ and $y = \sin \angle CBD.$ Express $\cos \angle ACB$ in terms of $x$ and $y.$
gpt
By the Law of Cosines on triangle $ABC,$ \[\cos \angle ACB = \frac{AC^2 + BC^2 - AB^2}{2 \cdot AC \cdot BC}.\][asy] unitsize(1 cm); pair A, B, C, D; A = (0,2); B = 2*dir(240); C = (3,0); D = (0,0); draw(A--B--C--cycle); draw(A--D,dashed); draw(B--D,dashed); draw(C--D,dashed); label("$A$", A, N); label("$B$", B, SW)...
human
Compute $\begin{pmatrix} \sqrt{3} & -1 \\ 1 & \sqrt{3} \end{pmatrix}^6.$
gpt
We see that \[\begin{pmatrix} \sqrt{3} & -1 \\ 1 & \sqrt{3} \end{pmatrix} = 2 \begin{pmatrix} \sqrt{3}/2 & -1/2 \\ 1/2 & \sqrt{3}/2 \end{pmatrix} = 2 \begin{pmatrix} \cos \frac{\pi}{6} & -\sin \frac{\pi}{6} \\ \sin \frac{\pi}{6} & \cos \frac{\pi}{6} \end{pmatrix}.\]Note that $\begin{pmatrix} \cos \frac{\pi}{6} & -\sin ...
human
Compute \[\left( 1 + \cos \frac {\pi}{8} \right) \left( 1 + \cos \frac {3 \pi}{8} \right) \left( 1 + \cos \frac {5 \pi}{8} \right) \left( 1 + \cos \frac {7 \pi}{8} \right).\]
gpt
First, we have that $\cos \frac{7 \pi}{8} = -\cos \frac{\pi}{8}$ and $\cos \frac{5 \pi}{8} = -\cos \frac{3 \pi}{8},$ so \begin{align*} \left( 1 + \cos \frac {\pi}{8} \right) \left( 1 + \cos \frac {3 \pi}{8} \right) \left( 1 + \cos \frac {5 \pi}{8} \right) \left( 1 + \cos \frac {7 \pi}{8} \right) &= \left( 1 + \cos \fra...
human
The solutions to the equation $(z+6)^8=81$ are connected in the complex plane to form a convex regular polygon, three of whose vertices are labeled $A,B,$ and $C$. What is the least possible area of triangle $ABC$? Enter your answer in the form $\frac{a \sqrt{b} - c}{d},$ and simplified as usual.
gpt
We can translate the solutions, to obtain the equation $z^8 = 81 = 3^4.$ Thus, the solutions are of the form \[z = \sqrt{3} \operatorname{cis} \frac{2 \pi k}{8},\]where $0 \le k \le 7.$ The solutions are equally spaced on the circle with radius $\sqrt{3},$ forming an octagon. [asy] unitsize(1 cm); int i; draw(Circ...
human
Let $O$ be the origin, and let $(a,b,c)$ be a fixed point. A plane passes through $(a,b,c)$ and intersects the $x$-axis, $y$-axis, and $z$-axis at $A,$ $B,$ and $C,$ respectively, all distinct from $O.$ Let $(p,q,r)$ be the center of the sphere passing through $A,$ $B,$ $C,$ and $O.$ Find \[\frac{a}{p} + \frac{b}{q}...
gpt
Let $A = (\alpha,0,0),$ $B = (0,\beta,0),$ and $C = (0,0,\gamma).$ Since $(p,q,r)$ is equidistant from $O,$ $A,$ $B,$ and $C,$ \begin{align*} p^2 + q^2 + r^2 &= (p - \alpha)^2 + q^2 + r^2, \\ p^2 + q^2 + r^2 &= p^2 + (q - \beta)^2 + r^2, \\ p^2 + q^2 + r^2 &= p^2 + q^2 + (r - \gamma)^2. \end{align*}The first equation ...
human
If $\sqrt2 \sin 10^\circ$ can be written as $\cos \theta - \sin\theta$ for some acute angle $\theta,$ what is $\theta?$ (Give your answer in degrees, not radians.)
gpt
We have $\sin\theta = \cos(90^\circ - \theta),$ so $$\cos \theta - \sin\theta = \cos\theta -\cos(90^\circ-\theta).$$Applying the difference of cosines formula gives \begin{align*} \cos \theta - \cos(90^\circ - \theta) &= 2\sin\frac{\theta + (90^\circ - \theta)}{2}\sin\frac{(90^\circ-\theta) - \theta}{2} \\ &= 2\sin45^\...
human
Find the matrix that corresponds to a dilation centered at the origin with scale factor $-3.$
gpt
The dilation centered at the origin with scale factor $-3$ takes $\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}$ to $\begin{pmatrix} -3 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix},$ and $\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$ to $\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix},$ so the matrix is \[\boxed{\begin{pmatrix} -3 & 0 \\ 0 & -3 \end{pmatrix}}.\]
human
Below is the graph of $y = a \sin (bx + c)$ for some positive constants $a,$ $b,$ and $c.$ Find the smallest possible value of $c.$ [asy]import TrigMacros; size(300); real f(real x) { return 2*sin(4*x + pi/2); } draw(graph(f,-pi,pi,n=700,join=operator ..),red); trig_axes(-pi,pi,-3,3,pi/2,1); layer(); rm_trig_labe...
gpt
We see that the graph reaches a maximum at $x = 0.$ The graph of $y = \sin x$ first reaches a maximum at $x = \frac{\pi}{2}$ for positive values of $x,$ so $c = \boxed{\frac{\pi}{2}}.$
human
Given that \[2^{-\frac{3}{2} + 2 \cos \theta} + 1 = 2^{\frac{1}{4} + \cos \theta},\]compute $\cos 2 \theta.$
gpt
Let $x = 2^{\cos \theta}.$ Then the given equation becomes \[2^{-\frac{3}{2}} x^2 + 1 = 2^{\frac{1}{4}} x.\]We can re-write this as \[2^{-\frac{3}{2}} x^2 - 2^{\frac{1}{4}} x + 1 = 0.\]Since $2^{-\frac{3}{2}} = (2^{-\frac{3}{4}})^2$ and $2^{\frac{1}{4}} = 2 \cdot 2^{-\frac{3}{4}},$ this quadratic factors as \[(2^{-\fr...
human
If $\mathbf{A} = \begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix},$ then its transpose is given by \[\mathbf{A}^T = \begin{pmatrix} a & c \\ b & d \end{pmatrix}.\]Given that $\mathbf{A}^T = \mathbf{A}^{-1},$ find $a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2.$
gpt
From $\mathbf{A}^T = \mathbf{A}^{-1},$ $\mathbf{A}^T \mathbf{A} = \mathbf{I}.$ Hence, \[\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} a & c \\ b & d \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}.\]Then $a^2 + b^2 = 1$ and $c^2 + d^2 = 1,$ so $a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 = \boxed{2}.$
human
Find $x$ so that the vectors $\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 5 \end{pmatrix}$ and $\begin{pmatrix} x \\ -3 \end{pmatrix}$ are orthogonal.
gpt
For the vectors $\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 5 \end{pmatrix}$ and $\begin{pmatrix} x \\ -3 \end{pmatrix}$ to be orthogonal, their dot product should be 0: \[(2)(x) + (5)(-3) = 0.\]Solving, we find $x = \boxed{\frac{15}{2}}.$
human
Let $\mathbf{a},$ $\mathbf{b},$ and $\mathbf{c}$ be nonzero vectors, no two of which are parallel, such that \[(\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b}) \times \mathbf{c} = \frac{1}{3} \|\mathbf{b}\| \|\mathbf{c}\| \mathbf{a}.\]Let $\theta$ be the angle between $\mathbf{b}$ and $\mathbf{c}.$ Find $\sin \theta.$
gpt
By the vector triple product, for any vectors $\mathbf{p},$ $\mathbf{q},$ and $\mathbf{r},$ \[\mathbf{p} \times (\mathbf{q} \times \mathbf{r}) = (\mathbf{p} \cdot \mathbf{r}) \mathbf{q} - (\mathbf{p} \cdot \mathbf{q}) \mathbf{r}.\]Thus, $(\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b}) \times \mathbf{c} = -\mathbf{c} \times (\mathbf{a} ...
human
If $\begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{vmatrix} = 4,$ then find \[\begin{vmatrix} a & 7a + 3b \\ c & 7c +3d \end{vmatrix}.\]
gpt
Since $\begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{vmatrix} = 4,$ $ad - bc = 4.$ Then \[\begin{vmatrix} a & 7a + 3b \\ c & 7c +3d \end{vmatrix} = a(7c + 3d) - (7a + 3b)c = 3ad - 3bc = 3(ad - bc) = \boxed{12}.\]
human
Compute $\cos \left( \arcsin \frac{2}{3} \right).$
gpt
Consider a right triangle where the opposite side is 2 and the hypotenuse is 3. [asy] unitsize (1 cm); draw((0,0)--(sqrt(5),0)--(sqrt(5),2)--cycle); label("$\sqrt{5}$", (sqrt(5)/2,0), S); label("$3$", (sqrt(5)/2,1), NW); label("$2$", (sqrt(5),1), E); label("$\theta$", (0.7,0.3)); [/asy] Then $\sin \theta = \frac{2}...
human
Find the matrix $\mathbf{M}$ such that \[\mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} -3 & 4 & 0 \\ 5 & -7 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} = \mathbf{I}.\]
gpt
Let $\mathbf{M} = \begin{pmatrix} a & b & c \\ d & e & f \\ g & h & i \end{pmatrix}.$ Then \[\begin{pmatrix} a & b & c \\ d & e & f \\ g & h & i \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} -3 & 4 & 0 \\ 5 & -7 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 5b - 3a & 4a - 7b & c \\ 5e - 3d & 4d - 7e & f \\ 5h - 3g & 4g - 7h & i \e...
human
Compute \[\cos^2 0^\circ + \cos^2 1^\circ + \cos^2 2^\circ + \dots + \cos^2 90^\circ.\]
gpt
Let $S = \cos^2 0^\circ + \cos^2 1^\circ + \cos^2 2^\circ + \dots + \cos^2 90^\circ.$ Then \begin{align*} S &= \cos^2 0^\circ + \cos^2 1^\circ + \cos^2 2^\circ + \dots + \cos^2 90^\circ \\ &= \cos^2 90^\circ + \cos^2 89^\circ + \cos^2 88^\circ + \dots + \cos^2 0^\circ \\ &= \sin^2 0^\circ + \sin^2 1^\circ + \sin^2 2^\...
human
Find the distance from the point $(1,2,3)$ to the line described by \[\begin{pmatrix} 6 \\ 7 \\ 7 \end{pmatrix} + t \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ 2 \\ -2 \end{pmatrix}.\]
gpt
A point on the line is given by \[\begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 6 \\ 7 \\ 7 \end{pmatrix} + t \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ 2 \\ -2 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 3t + 6 \\ 2t + 7 \\ -2t + 7 \end{pmatrix}.\][asy] unitsize (0.6 cm); pair A, B, C, D, E, F, H; A = (2,5); B = (0,0); C = (8,0); D = (...
human
If $\mathbf{a},$ $\mathbf{b},$ and $\mathbf{c}$ are unit vectors, then find the largest possible value of \[\|\mathbf{a} - \mathbf{b}\|^2 + \|\mathbf{a} - \mathbf{c}\|^2 + \|\mathbf{b} - \mathbf{c}\|^2.\]Note: A unit vector is a vector of magnitude 1.
gpt
We can write \begin{align*} \|\mathbf{a} - \mathbf{b}\|^2 &= (\mathbf{a} - \mathbf{b}) \cdot (\mathbf{a} - \mathbf{b}) \\ &= \mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{a} - 2 \mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{b} + \mathbf{b} \cdot \mathbf{b} \\ &= \|\mathbf{a}\|^2 - 2 \mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{b} + \|\mathbf{b}\|^2 \\ &= 2 - 2 \mathbf{a} \cdot \m...
human
The point $(1,1,1)$ is rotated $180^\circ$ about the $y$-axis, then reflected through the $yz$-plane, reflected through the $xz$-plane, rotated $180^\circ$ about the $y$-axis, and reflected through the $xz$-plane. Find the coordinates of the point now.
gpt
After $(1,1,1)$ is rotated $180^\circ$ about the $y$-axis, it goes to $(-1,1,-1).$ After $(-1,1,-1)$ is reflected through the $yz$-plane, it goes to $(1,1,-1).$ After $(1,1,-1)$ is reflected through the $xz$-plane, it goes to $(1,-1,-1).$ After $(1,-1,-1)$ is rotated $180^\circ$ about the $y$-axis, it goes to $(-1,-...
human
What is the period of $y = \cos \frac{x}{2}$?
gpt
The graph of $y=\cos \frac{x}{2}$ passes through one full period as $\frac{x}{2}$ ranges from $0$ to $2\pi,$ which means $x$ ranges from $0$ to $\boxed{4 \pi}.$ The graph of $y=\cos \frac{x}{2}$ is shown below: [asy]import TrigMacros; size(400); real g(real x) { return cos(x/2); } draw(graph(g,-3*pi,3*pi,n=700,jo...
human
The transformation $T,$ taking vectors to vectors, has the following properties: (i) $T(a \mathbf{v} + b \mathbf{w}) = a T(\mathbf{v}) + b T(\mathbf{w})$ for all vectors $\mathbf{v}$ and $\mathbf{w},$ and for all scalars $a$ and $b.$ (ii) $T(\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{w}) = T(\mathbf{v}) \times T(\mathbf{w})$ for all v...
gpt
From (ii), (iii), and (iv), \[T \left( \begin{pmatrix} 6 \\ 6 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix} \times \begin{pmatrix} -6 \\ 3 \\ 6 \end{pmatrix} \right) = \begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ -1 \\ 8 \end{pmatrix} \times \begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ 8 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}.\]This reduces to \[T \begin{pmatrix} 27 \\ -54 \\ 54 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} ...
human
A line passes through $(2,2,1)$ and $(5,1,-2).$ A point on this line has an $x$-coordinate of 4. Find the $z$-coordinate of the point.
gpt
The direction vector of the line is given by \[\begin{pmatrix} 5 - 2 \\ 1 - 2 \\ -2 - 1 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ -1 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix},\]so the line is parameterized by \[\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 2 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} + t \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ -1 \\ - 3 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 + 3t \\ 2 - t \\ 1 - 3t ...
human
The number \[e^{7\pi i/60} + e^{17\pi i/60} + e^{27 \pi i/60} + e^{37\pi i /60} + e^{47 \pi i /60}\]is expressed in the form $r e^{i \theta}$, where $0 \le \theta < 2\pi$. Find $\theta$.
gpt
Let's locate these numbers in the complex plane before adding them. Since $e^{i \theta}$ is the terminal point for angle $\theta$ on the unit circle, here are the numbers: [asy] size(200); import TrigMacros; rr_cartesian_axes(-2,2,-1,3,complexplane=true, usegrid = false); pair O = (0,0); pair[] Z; for (int i = 0; i ...
human
A point has rectangular coordinates $(x,y,z)$ and spherical coordinates $\left(2, \frac{8 \pi}{7}, \frac{2 \pi}{9} \right).$ Find the spherical coordinates of the point with rectangular coordinates $(x,y,-z).$ Enter your answer in the form $(\rho,\theta,\phi),$ where $\rho > 0,$ $0 \le \theta < 2 \pi,$ and $0 \le \ph...
gpt
We have that \begin{align*} x &= \rho \sin \frac{2 \pi}{9} \cos \frac{8 \pi}{7}, \\ y &= \rho \sin \frac{2 \pi}{9} \sin \frac{8 \pi}{7}, \\ z &= \rho \cos \frac{2 \pi}{9}. \end{align*}We want to negate the $z$-coordinate. We can accomplish this by replacing $\frac{2 \pi}{9}$ with $\pi - \frac{2 \pi}{9} = \frac{7 \pi}{...
human
If $\mathbf{A}^{-1} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 & 5 \\ -1 & -3 \end{pmatrix},$ then find the inverse of $\mathbf{A}^2.$
gpt
Note that $(\mathbf{A}^{-1})^2 \mathbf{A}^2 = \mathbf{A}^{-1} \mathbf{A}^{-1} \mathbf{A} \mathbf{A} = \mathbf{I},$ so the inverse of $\mathbf{A}^2$ is \[(\mathbf{A}^{-1})^2 = \begin{pmatrix} 2 & 5 \\ -1 & -3 \end{pmatrix}^2 = \boxed{\begin{pmatrix} -1 & -5 \\ 1 & 4 \end{pmatrix}}.\]
human
Convert the point $(-2,-2)$ in rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates. Enter your answer in the form $(r,\theta),$ where $r > 0$ and $0 \le \theta < 2 \pi.$
gpt
We have that $r = \sqrt{(-2)^2 + (-2)^2} = 2 \sqrt{2}.$ Also, if we draw the line connecting the origin and $(-2,2),$ this line makes an angle of $\frac{5 \pi}{4}$ with the positive $x$-axis. [asy] unitsize(0.8 cm); draw((-3.5,0)--(3.5,0)); draw((0,-3.5)--(0,3.5)); draw(arc((0,0),2*sqrt(2),0,225),red,Arrow(6)); draw...
human
The perpendicular bisectors of the sides of triangle $ABC$ meet its circumcircle at points $A',$ $B',$ and $C',$ as shown. If the perimeter of triangle $ABC$ is 35 and the radius of the circumcircle is 8, then find the area of hexagon $AB'CA'BC'.$ [asy] unitsize(2 cm); pair A, B, C, Ap, Bp, Cp, O; O = (0,0); A = di...
gpt
Note that the perpendicular bisectors meet at $O,$ the circumcenter of triangle $ABC.$ [asy] unitsize(2 cm); pair A, B, C, Ap, Bp, Cp, O; O = (0,0); A = dir(210); B = dir(60); C = dir(330); Ap = dir(15); Bp = dir(270); Cp = dir(135); draw(Circle(O,1)); draw(A--B--C--cycle); draw(O--Ap); draw(O--Bp); draw(O--Cp); dr...
human
Solve \[\arccos 2x - \arccos x = \frac{\pi}{3}.\]Enter all the solutions, separated by commas.
gpt
From the given equation, \[\arccos 2x = \arccos x + \frac{\pi}{3}.\]Then \[\cos (\arccos 2x) = \cos \left( \arccos x + \frac{\pi}{3} \right).\]Hence, from the angle addition formula, \begin{align*} 2x &= \cos (\arccos x) \cos \frac{\pi}{3} - \sin (\arccos x) \sin \frac{\pi}{3} \\ &= \frac{x}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \sq...
human
Compute \[\frac{\tan^2 20^\circ - \sin^2 20^\circ}{\tan^2 20^\circ \sin^2 20^\circ}.\]
gpt
We have that \begin{align*} \frac{\tan^2 20^\circ - \sin^2 20^\circ}{\tan^2 20^\circ \sin^2 20^\circ} &= \frac{\frac{\sin^2 20^\circ}{\cos^2 20^\circ} - \sin^2 20^\circ}{\frac{\sin^2 20^\circ}{\cos^2 20^\circ} \cdot \sin^2 20^\circ} \\ &= \frac{\sin^2 20^\circ - \cos^2 20^\circ \sin^2 20^\circ}{\sin^4 20^\circ} \\ &= \...
human
Let $x$ be an angle such that $\tan x = \frac{a}{b}$ and $\tan 2x = \frac{b}{a + b}.$ Then the least positive value of $x$ equals $\tan^{-1} k.$ Compute $k.$
gpt
We have that \[\tan 2x = \frac{b}{a + b} = \frac{1}{\frac{a}{b} + 1} = \frac{1}{\tan x + 1},\]so $(\tan x + 1) \tan 2x = 1.$ Then from the double angle formula, \[(\tan x + 1) \cdot \frac{2 \tan x}{1 - \tan^2 x} = 1,\]so $2 \tan x (\tan x + 1) = 1 - \tan^2 x,$ or \[2 \tan x (\tan x + 1) + \tan^2 x - 1 = 0.\]We can fac...
human
Find the length of the parametric curve described by \[(x,y) = (2 \sin t, 2 \cos t)\]from $t = 0$ to $t = \pi.$
gpt
The curve describes a semicircle with radius 2. Therefore, the length of the curve is \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2 \pi \cdot 2 = \boxed{2 \pi}.\][asy] unitsize(1 cm); pair moo (real t) { return (2*sin(t),2*cos(t)); } real t; path foo = moo(0); for (t = 0; t <= pi; t = t + 0.01) { foo = foo--moo(t); } draw((-2.5,0)--(...
human
Let $\mathbf{a},$ $\mathbf{b},$ $\mathbf{c}$ be vectors such that $\|\mathbf{a}\| = \|\mathbf{b}\| = 1,$ $\|\mathbf{c}\| = 2,$ and \[\mathbf{a} \times (\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{c}) + \mathbf{b} = \mathbf{0}.\]Find the smallest possible angle between $\mathbf{a}$ and $\mathbf{c},$ in degrees.
gpt
By the vector triple product, for any vectors $\mathbf{u},$ $\mathbf{v},$ and $\mathbf{w},$ \[\mathbf{u} \times (\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{w}) = (\mathbf{u} \cdot \mathbf{w}) \mathbf{v} - (\mathbf{u} \cdot \mathbf{v}) \mathbf{w}.\]Thus, \[(\mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{c}) \mathbf{a} - (\mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{a}) \mathbf{...
human
On the complex plane, the parallelogram formed by the points 0, $z,$ $\frac{1}{z},$ and $z + \frac{1}{z}$ has area $\frac{35}{37}.$ If the real part of $z$ is positive, let $d$ be the smallest possible value of $\left| z + \frac{1}{z} \right|.$ Compute $d^2.$
gpt
Let $z = r (\cos \theta + i \sin \theta).$ Then \[\frac{1}{z} = \frac{1}{r (\cos \theta + i \sin \theta)} = \frac{1}{r} (\cos (-\theta) + i \sin (-\theta)) = \frac{1}{r} (\cos \theta - i \sin \theta).\]By the shoelace formula, the area of the triangle formed by 0, $z = r \cos \theta + ir \sin \theta$ and $\frac{1}{z} ...
human
Let $G$ be the centroid of triangle $ABC.$ If $GA^2 + GB^2 + GC^2 = 58,$ then find $AB^2 + AC^2 + BC^2.$
gpt
Let $\mathbf{a}$ denote $\overrightarrow{A},$ etc. Then \[\mathbf{g} = \frac{\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b} + \mathbf{c}}{3},\]so \begin{align*} GA^2 &= \|\mathbf{g} - \mathbf{a}\|^2 \\ &= \left\| \frac{\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b} + \mathbf{c}}{3} - \mathbf{a} \right\|^2 \\ &= \frac{1}{9} \|\mathbf{b} + \mathbf{c} - 2 \mathbf{a}...
human
For real numbers $t,$ the point \[(x,y) = \left( e^t + e^{-t}, 3 (e^t - e^{-t}) \right)\]is plotted. All the plotted points lie on what kind of curve? (A) Line (B) Circle (C) Parabola (D) Ellipse (E) Hyperbola Enter the letter of the correct option. Note: $e$ is a mathematical constant that is approximately $2.7182...
gpt
We have that \[x^2 = (e^t + e^{-t})^2 = e^{2t} + 2 + e^{-2t},\]and \begin{align*} \frac{y^2}{9} &= (e^t - e^{-t})^2 \\ &= e^{2t} - 2 + e^{-2t}. \end{align*}Then \[x^2 - \frac{y^2}{9} = 4,\]so \[\frac{x^2}{4} - \frac{y^2}{36} = 1.\]Thus, all plotted points lie on a hyperbola. The answer is $\boxed{\text{(E)}}.$
human
Let $ABCD$ be a tetrahedron such that edges $AB$, $AC$, and $AD$ are mutually perpendicular. Let the areas of triangles $ABC$, $ACD$, and $ADB$ be denoted by $x$, $y$, and $z$, respectively. In terms of $x$, $y$, and $z$, find the area of triangle $BCD$.
gpt
Place $A$, $B$, $C$, and $D$ at $(0,0,0)$, $(b,0,0)$, $(0,c,0)$, and $(0,0,d)$ in Cartesian coordinate space, with $b$, $c$, and $d$ positive. Then the plane through $B$, $C$, and $D$ is given by the equation $\frac{x}{b}+\frac{y}{c}+\frac{z}{d}=1$. [asy] import three; size(250); currentprojection = perspective(6,3,2...
human
Let $\mathbf{a},$ $\mathbf{b},$ and $\mathbf{c}$ be three mutually orthogonal unit vectors, such that \[\mathbf{a} = p (\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b}) + q (\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}) + r (\mathbf{c} \times \mathbf{a})\]for some scalars $p,$ $q,$ and $r,$ and $\mathbf{a} \cdot (\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}) = 1.$ Fin...
gpt
Taking the dot product of the given equation with $\mathbf{a},$ we get \[\mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{a} = p (\mathbf{a} \cdot (\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b})) + q (\mathbf{a} \cdot (\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c})) + r (\mathbf{a} \cdot (\mathbf{c} \times \mathbf{a})).\]Since $\mathbf{a}$ is orthogonal to both $\mathbf{a} \t...
human
The set of points with spherical coordinates of the form \[(\rho, \theta, \phi) = \left( 1, \theta, \frac{\pi}{6} \right)\]forms a circle. Find the radius of this circle.
gpt
If $P = \left( 1, \theta, \frac{\pi}{6} \right),$ and $P$ has rectangular coordinates $(x,y,z),$ then \[\sqrt{x^2 + y^2} = \sqrt{\rho^2 \sin^2 \phi \cos^2 \theta + \rho^2 \sin^2 \phi \sin^2 \theta} = |\rho \sin \phi| = \frac{1}{2}.\]Hence, the radius of the circle is $\boxed{\frac{1}{2}}.$ [asy] import three; size(18...