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where {{formula:64820e0c-660a-49e2-b351-74ac01410643}} represents the fluid velocity, {{formula:4680ac25-6e8e-41b4-a471-8ecaf8cf8b0d}} the pressure, {{formula:cb00b14f-9c6e-49c3-b39e-7b57ce9c2471}} is a Cylindrical Brownian Motion, {{formula:d0dda1fa-30a7-4a1d-87d2-b6f3241519f4}} represents the nonlinear term and {...
i
f1d9f3ccb14952ef920f1f2ddf8f2669
First, the evaluation results of the proposed models regarding the deployment speed are provided. The performance is tested on a low-power NVIDIA Jetson TX2 module with 8GB of memory, which is a state of the art GPU used for on-board UAV perception. Additionally, in order to accelerate the deployment speed and achieve ...
r
2f736fa9228cfc71117b0b10ad4aa589
One of the main advantages of using PINNs is to leverage Automatic Differentiation (AD) for approximating with high accuracy a derivative at an arbitrary point in the domain. This is a powerful and flexible mechanism for evaluating the residual function in PINN. However, we note that it is possible to calculate the res...
r
9745d0be95c52e63ce5adc4cb7d08556
This generalizes the prediction of Vafa-Witten in {{cite:3f2d1d9f5678207bc9c03c678ea5188bdf73236d}} to the gauge group {{formula:65c66ec2-98b0-4ae8-9701-47f87b11106a}} and proves Formula (4.11) in {{cite:2b02fb2eeacbc7cf6f62757fb621da46cece88ee}}.
d
106088b0e136bcd8a7556778d18fa4ce
For the high-energy data set (Fig. REF ) we used a beam at {{formula:1320e29b-4848-4a16-b952-7c5f60aafcc3}} 590 from the accelerator, which was degraded by the Al foil down to 471{{formula:2122916f-4293-4953-b5c9-dd32d074be2a}} 25 . This energy value was chosen mainly for purposes of comparison with the previous measur...
r
1eff4bb2bf4f67cd8816c00a767360df
1) The metastable state in the probe computation of {{cite:1f2bcd1f36959356c85d96d346177f0d564816a4}} is a spherical NS5 state. 2) A natural candidate for the resolution of the observed supergravity singularities involves the formation of a spherical NS5-brane state á la Polchinski-Strassler {{cite:1f982426cb26d4240233...
d
d6d6cefab6cabd27798930a046fdf593
Some other works seek novel transformations besides geometric transformation. UVTON {{cite:c9d7845022c1627adc27b60ed5c1f1cc313c1025}} deforms on the 3D dense pose {{cite:f2fea94824ae4d3e858cde6bad5049363c86c48e}} and then fill the surface with clothing textures. Han et al. {{cite:16734f705d716c91a0a50d5110959f55131dff4...
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d3d23583e28eca6ef8fc3077fb1062fa
In Figure REF , we consider a set of parameters satisfying the dispersive regime described in the previous section, {{formula:270c1cc3-837b-4a91-a975-b4806774bfe4}} , where the tripartite hybrid system reproduces a strongly coupled optomechanical system well, that is, {{formula:e24ece18-73c0-4941-9a19-18519334d3e3}} , ...
r
a5b759208d57c415e406a60db13dbaaf
Following and extending the renewal approach from {{cite:0dca8cf0ecaaf9c5a3713f6a6c179b323e8a8ff4}} (see also {{cite:72add659191dc60a131769548563cfe31d9d8074}}, {{cite:726e1867b68831341e558cf7aeaea9038fd96dd8}}, {{cite:8962ccab10c3c64a5ee433d5a3df746548228dd4}}), we compute the full propagator with resetting, denoted a...
r
a6045ec8ce567ebe9dfb8add70369425
Using kernel methods, it is possible to model non-linear relationships between the data points with a low computational complexity, thanks to the so-called kernel trick. For this reason, these have been widely used to extend many traditional algorithms to the non-linear framework, such as PCA {{cite:89f8f438533aac067c7...
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5c6f64ea99c58c942efe529b94ad84d9
In order to study collective effects in a specific collision system, the anisotropic flow observable {{cite:8691ff76e78820a0fe491d14c68a8e6b575da93b}} is used. In a heavy-ion collision, the non-zero impact parameter makes the collision region anisotropic. This uneven geometry will result in anisotropies in the momentum...
r
0f17f20337faccd8d64272339156af97
Uncertainty {{cite:c6c7001be68c2b8fb2e3e30f1f2e8f2265dc8e8a}} assumes that the higher the uncertainty of task data is, the lower the weight of this task loss should be assigned. They design a learnable parameter {{formula:0193c349-52a6-44c1-a606-758ddc7211a7}} to model the uncertainty for each task. Specifically, they...
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5b1f91caa8235596292597519aec75cf
As proved in {{cite:8fbb0351448e9d6b1bf3b33fb8d9679af6dcdcd1}}, current framework inevitably mines incorrect rules with high confidences, i.e., if there are several rules sharing one or more predicates, confidences of rules would be coupled mutually. Intuitively, this is because Eq. (REF ) distributes the score of a r...
d
d411c9fe74bba8137b9ed8fd6eedcf8e
The rapid pace of adoption of GNNs in neuroimaging applications urges us to pause and ponder about the rationale and success of this adoption. While we agree that the motivation is well-grounded in the field and in fact necessary for sample-efficient factual learning models, we question whether the current methods are ...
d
c3093397f15476ed1a986ba3bddae70c
Recently, the Transformer {{cite:608917206b56ca1b9a27d3c53ea9457caee3c28f}} architecture has shown state-of-the-art performance in a variety of tasks ranging from NLP {{cite:608917206b56ca1b9a27d3c53ea9457caee3c28f}}, to image classification {{cite:2f5d5ed4618233ff35d9b172401358ba2e63aeb5}} and video object tracking {{...
i
6d45e9fc8b5ee167f873f9d41e55fd84
In previous studies, the Boltzmann collision operator {{cite:0adaffe509d88899bb9b9f4e5448e60c2d024ccf}}, {{cite:91352240a67c9eb800ac834e157ff0d00298988f}} and the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operator {{cite:cb35de12e1e8f639b77899628d38c9b4b9079a7c}}, {{cite:09f38da3d897e64d0c17f144d9b8ef28ce1ac65c}} have been used for a descrip...
i
27e70334c35020a9a2a07da4f4486247
To build a relationship between excess entropy and bulk rheology, we next investigate the connection of {{formula:33974be2-25e4-49b3-996d-a971c45d2157}} to the other dynamical metrics. For this comparison, we compute the ratio of the second to first harmonic amplitude, which we denote as {{formula:b54e55af-7f35-450e-b...
r
a07d86428af2b95b0eff369029551863
The pipeline of original NeRF {{cite:7c0a4dea25854b0319dc85becd48504774b3afe7}} consists of the coarse and fine stages. During training, the coarse stage obtains the density distribution over the whole scene. It uniformly and densely samples points and calculates corresponding densities by a coarse MLP. However, as wil...
i
4e6c1faccde47367e10f87d3f0c74107
In broad terms, galaxies could form via either the monolithic formation or the hierarchical accumulation. In the monolithic formation mechanism, a large amount of gas collapsed rapidly to form galaxies. The speed of collapsed gas determines whether elliptical galaxies, S0 galaxies or spiral galaxies with spheroidal bul...
d
40ec10f88e593fdd27e0b47c8f952108
It should be noted that even though our generalized Perfect Hyperfluid construction fits most naturally in a Metric-Affine Gravity approach, this is by no means the only place it can find applications. Indeed, our general construction here can just as well be applied to all Theories that represent special cases of MAG....
d
77b7f9ea21f0b6bd5321605aafc66997
Seq2Seq model in this study was trained on KP20k corpus {{cite:2b6668fb406d096aa460cd6ccd901fefb9317e9e}} ({{formula:a0324797-c15b-4aef-9ee4-fb005fae4b19}} documents, providing {{formula:652cf389-4900-4c61-9977-235bfc8729b1}} training sets after preprocessing). For training the model, both sources {{formula:0f50eaa6-...
r
8eff0abb35e5374e5821a9735e3e5b96
Iterative search for optimal policy is commonly used in literature {{cite:a7a80b1a65e303cfdb159b757edbafc35f53d79f}}, {{cite:af60152bcd96efa449ba56b6b671c7f07631e381}}, {{cite:70f9d47044e7e67567676c1100962e5fb6ee7146}}. We formulate the unbiased constrained policy optimization problem over {{formula:a42529de-3ea8-403e-...
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0aa727c106e32e8e2cd5b73331833b83
(2) Pseudo-Labeling {{cite:683404915c800d9ab47b3290b1f6ac99f493292f}}: The approach uses a base model's confident predictions on unlabeled images as labels. Concretely, if the maximum probability of a class is greater than a threshold {{formula:49a59473-4d7e-44ca-8f1f-5c6fee8079b8}} , we then take the class as the targ...
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bf19799fb59c0c7e4b08d3a25011e86c
There have been many proposals of future colliders {{cite:677e082bc8d1acd5954b21a1dd6511d7f5de9428}}, {{cite:cad4eeb60a734123fd19abaf957bbff86bb96e5e}}, {{cite:8b4703729e8b3943c701b999872c4f23fe963ed4}}, {{cite:c07fe9e08869374f93b445bb83c248d819750d74}}, {{cite:11de4430e2afafd33fd0da7efe94aead31232283}}, {{cite:494a86c...
i
d6d8ce8643ec4baa3e0891863ff26323
The methods in the previous paragraph have various limitations, summarized by Table REF , that affect the design of the experiments. First, the post-processing methods {{cite:21aed915a28406fd3632c635f2c871d5a05483ab}}, {{cite:1a21ce2f99e3f14f1ea25a4c6504489cea34e0d8}}, {{cite:99d990bd6c59bcce492720d0244803077786f884}} ...
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d89960a5d656a9cae1696479dbc412f0
We perform our experimental evaluation on CIFAR-100 {{cite:ae8fe7db3df9e4cdbec34371953b882d29c626e7}} and two fine-grained datasets, namely CUB-200 {{cite:b30cf1c3d2eedfa258eab46772574e901b133873}} and Stanford Dogs {{cite:dba73c2688e7d932a39765d1b2270fb423dd31e5}}. The CIFAR-100 dataset consists of 60000 {{formula:369...
r
0e776dc2a2069e505524c51cc576f706
We also make use of the following bound on eigenvalues of normalized covariance matrices given in {{cite:51639a652568ba7bde95313551881390ece2af3e}}:
r
60231d91480445f7d6a4d095fb1206dd
Our method aims to learn a representation of scenes as spatial maps of blobs through the generative process. As shown in Figure REF , a layout network maps from random noise to a set of blob parameters. Then, blobs are differentiably splatted onto a spatial grid – a “blob map” – which a StyleGAN2-like decoder {{cite:fe...
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6fdbffca0e5efc52576a1a1a67b90920
We assessed the consistency of predictions in BOLD MRI time series using our model, and achieved highly consistent predictions (Dice {{formula:0ea62683-2f21-4d12-b377-6bb5494081cc}} ). For many subjects, we observed modest drops in Dice ({{formula:7f8385b6-d96b-45c7-b58a-a59a33fd0255}} ), which were often due to fetal ...
d
f3c1019fd2e37234265263d854a03a4f
Table REF presents the results of our proposed model and the baselines on the MultiSourceFake dataset. Our best result was achieved by using 10 as the number of segments ({{formula:7b58ef83-3998-4ea2-ab81-00ddb6d955ca}} , as found on the validation data). In Figure REF we show the model's performance for segments of ...
r
9bcda200c5624f8296090459c19d7e27
For discrete random variables, there are two common strategies for stochastic gradient estimation. The first one involves replacing discrete variables with continuous ones that approximate them as closely as possible {{cite:3e8edb0f1dd3cbc130e21cc6aa0971dba7d9ada4}}, {{cite:39431200398040e19128ab1f8d61bffbde5ea7cf}} an...
i
e9af0f39ac08b11234b8ec71ea5c694b
We use a dataset containing 46,744 cif files which contains the information describing the unit cells of properly relaxed crystal structures from the Materials Project {{cite:1cbad5efed2ec4b899e02039a86f21297d9d579d}}, {{cite:945e8310d39ac7e2063153f3157fbfc2e4be3fd8}}. We use 80% of the data for testing and the other 2...
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7b72fa1814f96b59116679a578c10f6b
Unlike the 0+1d SY model and SYK model which have a large zero-temperature entropy reflecting their “spin glass" like nature {{cite:c8a00b4425168dc59f22fe9239c95b69567706e5}}, {{cite:afef03908f0ee6e185672fafe283442f5afaec1c}}, {{cite:2388cd28946b1d453ac83bea03d234beaef25c06}}, {{cite:56b22b13272dba8c6481e21d07ac4265d72...
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0c8d727757c8495d2d066878863ec3a9
We skip the proof of the above lemma as it is well-developed in the literature of functional data analysis including {{cite:c1d45c7e341c96fcfe1300c09ab968a93e97fe99}}, {{cite:7d4695023ee116a82c13e33353c46d714d30eafd}}, {{cite:0ebe2c2fa468ef4ced08253056e39ca8586821cf}}. Next, we show the asymptotic results of the propos...
r
027687c5d1fbed3c189ee44d408a61b3
It could be interesting to investigate to what extent the generalisation and overfitting problems could affect predictions of real-life processes, considerably more complex than the artificially created data discussed in this work. Extra overfitting measures may need to be included as well in the future. One option cou...
d
8f77295d7f58451caa7970c92718ca1e
Note that in the smooth case, the higher rank property can be expressed by asking that every complete geodesic admits {{formula:d52875d0-673b-46f8-ab82-1abf54d9e052}} linearly independent parallel Jacobi fields for some {{formula:220a79f9-f8b4-4701-a927-fb5faba191e0}} . In the presence of a geometric group action thes...
r
210349f594704d3d34d67e9db0eaa303
Generalization is a key desideratum for machine learning models to scale to the dynamic nature of the real world. The standard supervised learning framework assumes that train and test data are from the same distribution (domain). Domain generalization techniques {{cite:4b1b3a91788f9c36adef632615a0cbd7dae8b151}}, {{cit...
i
27e95df43e58f3bfcbf89ec3c3c0b073
Recently, there have been a lot of attempts to exploit graph neural networks (GNNs) for graph classification {{cite:dec2d91a5fc39ca616e52d17923b635cea68e4a6}}, {{cite:a8e0a30eb320e36f37c4cac95ff2d78d7c23a374}}, {{cite:cfa766f7abd6d0557863305fa39202800325126c}}, {{cite:e54d0deb2fd715f472a943dad6708ee86744a0bb}}, {{cite:...
i
5e960a6c6ac1c051541af0eb48551c12
The comparisons between the trust-region methods (RDA and MHODA) and the conjugate gradient methods (conjRDA and conj-MHODA) shows that the second-order geometry of the trust-region method improves the clustering and classification performance of RDA, although it may be unreliable for MHODA (Table  REF). The advantage ...
d
1dce3db848f5ea2b410ee1f9ab313e06
Condition REF holds for any compact {{formula:bb57734c-73a5-46ac-a14f-d05d2ffc68c0}} ; indeed, by {{cite:776a2e53010fcefd3a736f5760dfcb424f0a5e9f}}, {{formula:154ae982-ac22-4340-b4d1-7b5db370454b}} where {{formula:3994a96f-47a6-4592-bf7e-795b281feae1}} is the number of {{formula:000756a9-1757-4ad0-ab47-266660daebd0}...
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84d50f01c90e57d3ad2f6796e9ffcbd2
Recent developments on optical flow estimation {{cite:2afd803b1d200f6c989db6bb560bbcd9439437fd}}, {{cite:b97ead0e3cd3ceb50697f7a00fc24edb84e04fb9}} using supervised learning have yielded state-of-the-art performance. However, such performance benefits have not yet permeated to pose-estimation tasks, where standard mult...
i
999769753197042efb793c8469811142
The effective treatment of the influence of the on-site repulsive Coulomb interaction on the states of electrons is a central issue of any theoretical approach, where at the large repulsive {{formula:7b13e159-0923-4d24-b109-b5499b34760e}} , a double occupied state on each site is strongly suppressed, and the Hilbert sp...
i
27e1b738adc41c925d6d83a0f2da1087
We emphasize that CycleNet loses translational symmetry, which is considered a strong feature of CNNs, especially for image classification tasks. However, recent evidence suggests that this property may not be crucial. Symmetries do not have to be hard coded in the architecture: they can be learned, if needed, by stoch...
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fbea6434683ea47b2d5dff8199d82077
The realistic modelling of phenomena in nature and science is usually described by nonlinear Partial Different Equations (PDEs). Comparing to their simplified linear counterparts, these nonlinear PDEs in general has no explicit representation of the solutions in terms of initial and/or boundary conditions. Special expl...
i
b202e8781882a2565f66862208b5f4cb
Since the fundamental solution systems of neighborhoods of different regular singularities are different, and many equivalent fundamental solution systems can be constructed corresponding to neighborhoods of same regular singularity. When the Feynman integral is expressed as a linear combination of hypergeometric funct...
i
5953020ad54c9a64268997d64676c37a
We have demonstrated a reduction in the second-order correlation function of an HSPS of {{formula:f9fbf083-c0a9-443e-9cdf-3d74580fb18b}} by discriminating the photon-number in the herald arm using commercial SNSPDs. On the detection side, we use the information contained in the slope of the rising edge of the electron...
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366fb505c5db7f2507422fcd2f0aa767
We choose 14 baselines to be compared with UGCL on node classification tasks. These baselines consist of MLP and three types of GNNs: supervised-, conventional self-supervised, and GCL approaches. For supervised GNNs, we select three widely-adopted supervised GNNs, which are GCN {{cite:0ba13a52e710a43df677e98048c459702...
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ff417e9cc6e282e78fe3ec06f87a47fb
Structure-based approaches {{cite:150243e5058abb09437f22c43b45e66a0a372326}}, {{cite:e6ca15be74f45a25d18d1f48ce82162d2b8669f6}}, {{cite:ca541e099821742228b9cb9bb2f6d7298a957636}}, {{cite:e8884809517365aa8191ecfde5d6f70b1b86efaf}}, {{cite:5df437b5cf7af34eaba3135cac7f8a97142819b4}}, {{cite:bbf0fb30b8269b106d15ee4bd989d32...
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1b54496ce73a51e786df67f97111e54d
Athermal materials represent a class of disordered systems where large scale properties are only weakly affected by ambient thermal fluctuations. Such behaviour emerges in many disordered systems when cooled to low temperatures {{cite:a1082004dfa3ffd510f14e7dd108b085a4aa0866}}. Being governed purely by local constraint...
i
4eb84de0b1521f63d3b199566786369c
In PFNN-2, the approximate solution of problem (REF ) is found within the hypothesis space {{formula:cc4887ed-a58c-473a-88d0-b0bf7ffc6aa4}} that is formed by neural networks. Unlike most of the existing methods {{cite:52eae8039aae8344d215fae0396b3d7d6c9f4da5}}, {{cite:2da7a5ec5af1a90a63de4dc085a2f7278efd7d4b}}, {{cite...
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13f3d38fe67932da5e6f47446091f596
Co-design Model Architecture with SpAtten. Besides the experiments above that leverage existing model architecture, we also explore the potentials of co-designing SpAtten with model architecture by searching a Hardware-Aware Transformer (HAT) {{cite:0aef3b8c54b085d3965365e2d9b10c36df761cbb}} for SpAtten-e2e. The search...
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82cbff024ede77b593b3c2e7b52922c3
Experiments in Earth's ocean demonstrate that hydrate forms rapidly upon contact between liquid CO2 and liquid H2O, with visible masses forming over the course of just a few hours {{cite:8caa9719d6c3fa5e3e513198231659dc4dd21a27}}. This suggests that with surface temperatures below the 282.91 K quadruple point of CO2 hy...
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2672470366bcdf90bb5d65ca31080e02
In this study, we have extended the X-ray scaling method to a sample of heavily obscured type 2 AGN with {{formula:73db2e7e-fd99-4638-a443-83c6e3be504a}} already constrained by megamaser measurements. This dynamical method is rightly considered one of the most reliable; however, the accuracy of the {{formula:025f4d4c-...
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9aef3a5b94063c6ef290846dda59f00c
For non-convex problems, the computation of the Newton step  (REF ) may be an ill-posed or not even well-defined problem {{cite:52d25b8eb245f9752313b91a28b831e4e3eb57fa}}. Moreover, the Newton step might not be a descent direction. The Newton step is only a direction of descent if the scalar product with the gradient i...
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cd76675e3c49ae953986ec9ef9960548
Each image is resized and cropped to 1024x1024, and a set of masks is generated with thin, medium, and thick brush strokes, using the methodology described in {{cite:838c60006fc15913efbacf7465bfb53ab560f9fc}}. These different mask-types are evaluated separately to observe the effect the width of the mask has on image i...
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fcbc1549f7c2989583cd3ccdf34148a8
Despite many efforts to improve its efficiency {{cite:1cc23766a998742c8ea9a2d77f17ddbd8ab81a15}}, {{cite:ad23fb3d04620d669c149139eab02bcf88ee5bef}}, {{cite:95b7255db2bbe4aa21a751f59297e4522a60cbcf}}, {{cite:2c22cc99831f178dddbd078b998dbd3c5e4113f9}}, blockchain still suffers from poor scalability, which introduces high...
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5939e91f8024d057f922791fcd415533
This result improves the previously best known time {{formula:03ed5f45-7124-418c-bbc5-3d7dc060df0e}} obtained by {{cite:cd25df833f2e4efa9a4cab5e8f499e3d1514b47a}}, {{cite:08fb43701d53c610fd9aa60ab9673105c2514452}}.
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Within the enormous theoretical pool of compact objects available to run tests with {{cite:7167fcda31fd8f71f50b77cfaa23bc58b42777de}}, black holes are undoubtedly still the privileged candidate. The uniqueness theorems {{cite:28c1c65ab7e29e97c8a2e4254c29ae23d4f52f14}}, our understanding of gravitational collapse {{cite...
i
7e5d416b6e40ed4f350e599670b9c2ab
the ledger's properties that are at risk, if the resources' distribution across the relevant parties becomes centralized. For example, considering Bitcoin's consensus layer, the resource is hashing power and the relevant parties are the miners; the properties at risk are safety, liveness and, to a somewhat lesser degr...
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e155909b35f9aff4d1425a9322dd341b
Recently proposed volumetric neural rendering methods, i.e. NeRF and its variants {{cite:cff19d82b1699101c2663e9da85a93c9105c8f90}}, {{cite:395dd9e36dadfa165f826f5f12ec5081be589ec1}}, {{cite:7e22b2e850fe01fec80454e66dcf0a65049cfb7a}}, have shown great advances in high-quality free-view synthesis for static objects. NeR...
i
54776ce6b5bd9ee7fefb01f893682e49
Since {{formula:4a3e9b83-724f-4064-bad1-b7756b5b5300}} is a random matrix with each entry i.i.d. {{formula:94f13736-77d5-42c4-8f83-355dc2f485bc}} , this follows by standard arguments (Proposition 2.4 in {{cite:1bfc6e9cc320646dc24150d429f76d2aad89471b}}). Since {{formula:773d472b-4033-4cff-ad8e-5e96cb2b3ccd}} , with pr...
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ddd7a06aa4122af02744a64a95c68754
Panoramas with depth information are very useful for 3D computer vision tasks such as novel view synthesis {{cite:9cf11f4e8ca6904565e172319f1dd5c727265b0c}}, {{cite:b31c7df0feea61688f6c4b395d1823171b9764c5}}, {{cite:a12ca0a052ba9e1f6bd51439628e261ad6a98ea2}}, 3D scene understanding (room layout estimation {{cite:34467e...
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d68ebb9e8eb620dc4f16ff6d2fc1a2b9
Many cosmologists have considered, wormholes in {{formula:b8bb8bed-3635-412c-a72f-a30c47e621af}} gravity in various perspectives. Now  we are going to examine the contribution of certain cosmologists in {{formula:a9073703-29a0-443e-9cba-4ab79441bcd7}} and {{formula:7c7c98b3-81d9-4348-8a16-5d61f988a673}} gravity theo...
i
4b8f0c913ef62011062da9ad4667fdc0
Ever since the introduction of dimensional regularization (DR) {{cite:9ee6a864c28254b077c7cfab3a6a55e9072f8624}}, {{cite:93b4ef502d57cf0f86b38a3b99d78c601a36ce71}}, it has been recognized that special attention is required in the treatment of {{formula:8f8470a5-d13d-48bd-a9b8-31ca01011a15}} , an intrinsically 4-dimensi...
i
67d7f155a9994dac0525202179055606
We consider the large family of multi-view representation learning methods {{cite:1671df6fb5fa69e61db97435fc02d195d2d71fba}}, {{cite:91198b7f71ce6165aa85c0c9596406e915641c89}}, {{cite:a6ce10ce1690ed2d457956047c33603b546ed460}}, {{cite:3fecbe3d7ab162b86b62ee7c572ecbc0fd57e6e2}}, {{cite:9386512a961e342652cc81ee702bc200c5...
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where {{formula:ccc22bac-28ef-47b3-8fc6-2b05ab42a99a}} contains {{formula:9e8d1205-0680-4334-ac67-3404cfc99bcb}} basis vectors for {{formula:beef4ce7-b8f4-473f-9406-6bdb621332c6}} . For 2D images, over-complete wavelet basis ({{formula:ab2e777c-19d0-497b-8692-cf2b92f74be2}} ) are often used in both dimensions. For th...
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In a series of recent studies {{cite:7d3375b9bf727f3e3494c7bc12831bc1aaea51d6}}, {{cite:d516f8c436fd9d4d7d09f9b237eb84294edb0bb3}}, {{cite:6b7c60cdc36015d5af78f12f6df87fcb3081fff2}}, the role of sparsity of the networks for the Bouchaud and BM models has been investigated. For those sparse networks the trap model is fo...
i
923097fdc4119a40fb933f8215991e9c
A permutation {{formula:96c4c0c6-6889-471e-9373-452f32fdc852}} is a bijection from the set {{formula:de484a23-55ef-48a8-a5e5-165428e749b9}} to itself and we will write it in standard representation as {{formula:ac6d58de-842f-4843-9435-79e99680d396}} , or as the product of disjoint cycles. The parity of a permutation ...
i
d4af343ad72a3d5e645692abda0fea6f
In summary, we find that in all the three tasks, our proposed method out-performs the methods of simply tuning pre-trained language models, as is proposed in {{cite:a11ef9f25f615abd9438da4012731eef547a9be0}}. However, we would like to caution the readers in two aspects when reading the conclusion of this study. First, ...
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One can already provide some initial analysis using known results in the literature. For instance, as the protocol of {{cite:ee5ced8143d1ce5da82e0b6db1473bf1aa0c30bd}} requires the client to prepare and communicate single qubit states, one can wonder what additional requirements are needed to ensure the client can dete...
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Traditional contrastive learning methods adopt instance discrimination as the pretext task. This kind of refinement of classification treats every sample as a category to conduct discrimination. Thus, it will introduce many false-negative pairs, leading to inefficient supervisory signals. And another problem is that th...
i
cb413f0b656450cac3d9bf8cabfc4c3b
In fact, during the architecture design process, many slightly different networks are trained for the same task. Apart from their final validation performances that are used to guide exploration, we should also have access to their architectures, weights, training curves etc., which contain abundant knowledge and can b...
i
42b9af9b1bdac208069d8ad553cd78e4
[leftmargin=*] FPMC {{cite:532db91dc95f1d3f3da9a18618e6e0afdb49e4da}} is a sequential method based on Markov Chain. In order to adapt it to session-based recommendation, we do not consider the user latent representations when computing recommendation scores. GRU4REC {{cite:0742b7b74fb84c6e714998d8fb6db44c7a7f3a2a}} ut...
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ef8d24a0df97d133fbcbc36b1c7b1a8e
This model is a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) cosmological model, which is obeying the cosmological principle and Weyl's postulate{{cite:4183c059e4fc92dd915d3874a24ed096565f2ed6}}, {{cite:2314a6439ceb8e616a599e1d42242327e8786066}}. In {{formula:35b941c7-44ae-4561-8cc5-f34d4f549ef2}} universe that space expands at a...
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8cca37f5e7087ec5e3c616a62eb6a993
When we have the vacuum case outside the star, the OMOTS surface coincides with the null event horizon. Radiation emitted close enough to this surface reaches infinity with an unboundedly large redshift. It is this divergent redshift that is the reason Hawking radiation is emitted just outside the null OMOTS surface a...
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Data. We adopt the datasets used in the vanilla FastGANs {{cite:9420a8de32caf92929b3d0f7cc24239333518c0d}}. There are 5 categories tested at the resolution of {{formula:a2b474b7-8842-4698-872a-6503e3080c0b}} each of which uses around 100 training images (see part one of Table REF ). There are 7 categories tested at th...
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dfa5418f66c15ffb389b25ff31b33e13
MS-CMRSeg Dataset: Table REF shows the quantitative results of different algorithms for the MS-CMRSeg challenge, specifically for the 40 LGE-MRI segmentation test data. We first compare with the model trained with only limited labelled LGE-MRI data {{formula:59e68e22-66cd-41e8-ad57-267baa65d86e}} (referred as Supervi...
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Gravitational Waves (GW), first introduced by Einstein in 1916 {{cite:bdf7873a9e9b447afec51a5e0e5d0788a25f5f36}}, {{cite:7eff67daf0cead082906c55abd3c294e90413548}} as a linear regime of the field equations of General Relativity, have been directly detected for the first time in 2015 by the LIGO/Virgo collaboration {{ci...
i
920ba3ccc40acb67a231a939320c932c
The normal viscous force {{formula:1b3d4176-863e-472e-9857-34069c4968b2}} is due to the lubrication effect of liquid bridges between particles. Its classical expression for two smooth spherical particles is {{cite:67523f4b32cd7d64f868b6e03decd7bbe4a8598f}}, {{cite:3d48e8a6fd2e6a98cdb251eb31dcec9e04ba259c}}: {{formula:...
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330f7e0fea3433daf05d4d2843751664
We analyse all protein trajectories in the framework of a non-Markovian, generalised Langevin equation (GLE). The GLE is a low-dimensional representation of some higher dimension system. In the present case, we collapse the all-atom dynamics of the composite water-protein systems onto a one-dimensional reaction coordin...
i
90b1a313bd6d3defe2d9aa5dbfc73a5e
Results are presented in Table REF . The main proposed systems are “Harmonic-CNN” (the instant method) and “SpecTNT (24s, CLT)” with CTL loss (the multi-point method). In the ablation study, we compare these to SpecTNT without CTL; a regular Transformer {{cite:d08f2e7327c2a3747126e194d39dcc38d60530ce}} with CTL; and Sp...
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5bcd490318fe7de94f3da9926cc4debf
One unexplored direction of creating similarity measures is creating a SNN similarity measure (Type 3) through training {{formula:61364d2c-5bef-4b8b-9877-0b587f2078e7}} as a classifier on the dataset later being used for measuring similarity. Then using that trained {{formula:9bf5038e-4095-4512-a8fc-dc387a362567}} to...
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1235c8febd769d3f342730eb531486ec
Raw data for the results reported in the text are available from the authors upon request. Acknowledgments We thank J.N. Zhang, C.Y. Hsieh, Z.Q. Yin, Z.B. Yang, G.H. Huang, and X. Chen for helpful discussions and comments. We thank the electronics team of Tencent Quantum Lab for preparing the room-temperature electron...
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9426d94ce730c4931204d536839b2a07
To illustrate the effect of the momentum dependence of {{formula:8eab8d7b-5d8d-4507-8e73-cb791808b826}} mixing, we perform two fits simultaneously taking into account the experimental data sets of the pion form factor {{formula:fcb4c762-587a-4c5b-8c1b-a63db3b578e1}} of the {{formula:4451a750-8e11-4026-98f9-b4e388d1a9...
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K-means divides a set of input items on explicitly defined number of clusters. We set this number as the number of all users divided by a coefficient of {{formula:7c95dad0-f577-4593-88d8-249b9478f259}} . Thus we achieved clusters, composed by average of {{formula:2409c201-a423-4e7b-9234-8982b3f4af1f}} users. This coef...
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1c6f2ea5ac880a839501f68c67e545e3
Figure REF shows the resulting population when running evolution using the RWRL Cartpole environment {{cite:a5b64092ac1bc20807ac976146366e43e977a16b}} and Table REF shows the average fitness scores ({{formula:359a0411-329d-4ded-8b6a-292cfa58dce5}} standard error of the mean) for each algorithm in the Pareto-optimal ...
r
cb9b31f7ac0dfd0ad9f1a892e50a5363
In some extreme cases, there may not exist a pre-trained model. In this situation, we can evaluate weights with models trained from several rounds of FedBN {{cite:9f4cc4f4da50eb15b847101d3bc551d8ca058abd}}. {{figure:adc22905-357e-41a8-9dee-215eddb6c44a}}
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544640de188072332894f4fcf5afde46
Let {{formula:4624ad19-64fc-4700-a70e-568440f19d63}} , let {{formula:9d527f18-0677-4279-8c6b-5dd78430e7b9}} be a family of independent exponential distributed random variables with parameter {{formula:ba4b4a72-196c-4005-b57d-0eb39949efc9}} , let {{formula:c59d475b-cb83-40b0-ad62-dc8bf9f700dc}} and let {{formula:e95d3...
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2d45e2db8979cc4748d63b8016fdd36f
An agent exploring an infinite translation-invariant world would find that the statistics of the local random variables which he can access are constrained by the requirement of infinite TI. However, and despite a long history of research on TI systems, driven by the needs of statistical physics (see, e.g. {{cite:3a03a...
i
1f647fb6de8282ca3fa12282998cd41f
For anomaly detection, existing Toolboxes are mainly divided into three types: (1) standalone tools implementing single algorithm (like PyNomaly {{cite:464f397748e73bbb73cac844dbdf56ebbd4b0844}} , Jubatus{{cite:87ffad4c92f8dfc3931ff8a65dd741b111377deb}}), (2) part of a general larger framework that doesn't specifically...
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d67d4627aa2126d66cdd1ea507c09ab0
Which machine annotator should we select? Ideally, we want the machine annotator to provide precise labels on training images. For this we consider ReLabel generated by a few state-of-the-art classifiers EfficientNet-{B1,B3,B5,B7,B8} {{cite:fd6044fcd0eb00fe185af1c6438efa60a92ec4ad}}, EfficientNet-L2 {{cite:52ed1e3cff69...
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b8a1b120a731630dc3ff27056f9a8f7c
Working with other {{formula:310dddd6-5335-4bce-a327-daee9e7b88ae}} sets. In certain application domains, it may be difficult to collect a {{formula:a337a124-17b7-4a50-ac52-12c1187efbdd}} set that is at all meaningful/relevant to the ID task (e.g., attempting to use animal images as {{formula:954754c2-03b0-430a-9aea-...
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b20bcf3a1bb9f33c0d47caa28038756d
To overcome these problems, network embedding, also known as network representation learning, has gained increasing attention for the past few years as a fundamental tool for analyzing networks {{cite:8af58dfbea0d3052803f3cc00515324c83f44ab6}}, {{cite:131e9adb94d25aa88339753184db4afd450b9f89}}. Network embedding learns...
i
04a020cccf9a8faa8594f411a4215ca6
We choose three of the most prevalent VAE models for semi-supervised learning as baselines: M2 {{cite:589d94b95d0c3d25a271e4379b33a0124bbf1935}}, Auxiliary Deep Generative Model (ADGM) {{cite:77414f2fd20a780754b0e4b1bcec3be13fe38189}}, and Ladder Variational Autoencoder (LVAE) {{cite:3423ba36b2f14f70e77b969ac2550c28075...
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aa6b052b59a0e2bf893d218b322ad203
As the fraction of closed RCs, {{formula:58d9b80b-5e74-4b86-9908-95d6f1e9091f}} , increases connected clusters are formed. These clusters are characterised by a typical mass (number of closed RCs) {{formula:8bcf190c-23a3-4bf3-b98f-d264c7c23c02}} and a typical linear size, {{formula:cb4050c8-a7c5-4ced-999f-791690097bd2...
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0be80fbcb899a21810f1014f760bed14
This phenomenon of preheating is typically considered after the slow-roll phase (see, e.g., {{cite:2ef94c4ccd2a0e0791bd1ddaae2993afdaea4811}}, {{cite:034c80c3b964a045e546c9b4a1765718d5b0148a}} for a review), but it can also affect the dynamics of the Universe during inflation in the multi-field setup {{cite:b0efe02b3bb...
i
1e0bf29d6f280e97b7b2aadb60c7dd19
Scalar field (SF) configurations in General Relativity and its modifications are interesting for several reasons. Various SF models are extensively used in cosmology {{cite:47e9fb7ccf19d928618c887c5fc1371aa26f1ce4}}, {{cite:b166499dbfca72dd222080022017fcc4e2bf6607}}, {{cite:dc63021dd2f0f64cf2f4db46353a649084dd8713}}, {...
i
ba826506ce4db58173d2f595d06b5fa9
Price of interpretability. From the literature that we have reviewed, merely 24% of the studies adopt interpretable models, while the majority of them focus on applying post-hoc explainability. This may be due to a long-held belief that there exists a trade-off between interpretability and performance, exemplified by t...
d
1f6632891d557c4989d300ebf303801d
Visual object detection and tracking become a very challenging problem due to several factors like (i) low-quality camera sensors (including low resolution, low bit depth, low frame rate and color distortion), (ii) challenging factors (like tracking non-rigid object, tracking small object, tracking multiple objects and...
i
889bf94292cd46f8ebb615ccf505862a
Overview We propose a purely anchor-free architecture named AFSD which is shown in Fig. REF . Concretely, given a video {{formula:5c631665-ab61-4e9a-b742-c6583c02c3ec}} , we first process the video with a backbone network and a feature pyramid network. Take RGB frames as example, for each video {{formula:013b7d02-5797-...
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