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surrounded on either side by rocky outcroppings before flowing into the Wissahickon Creek. Legend has it that the Native American Lenape tribes used this as a spiritual area. Although it is not legal due to unsafe levels of pollutants, Devil's pool has become a popular area to swim, lounge, and drink. Unfortunately, Devil's pool often falls victim to litter and vandalism. However, recent efforts to clean the site by the Friends of the Wissahickon have been moderately successful.
One of the most romantic hikes in this park leads to a precipice overlooking the gorge. It can be found by entering the main footpath at the Ridge Avenue entrance and following the west bank to Hermit's Lane Bridge. | 12,000 |
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Coming from Blue Stone Bridge, follow the path at the west end to Lover's Leap.
Another well-known outlook in the park is Mom Rinker's Rock, on a ridge on the eastern side of the Park just north of the Walnut Lane Bridge, close by the Toleration statue. Here on a moonlit night in May 1847, George Lippard, romancer of the Wissahickon, was married to his frail young wife according to so-called Indian rites. Years afterward in 1883, the Toleration statue was erected, a marble statue of a man in simple Quaker clothing. Atop Mom Rinker's Rock, the nine-foot-eight-inch statue has the single word "Toleration" carved into its four-foot-three-inch base. Created by late 19th-century sculptor Herman Kirn, | 12,001 |
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it was brought to the site by landowner John Welsh, reported to have purchased the statue at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. Welsh, a former Fairmount Park Commissioner and U.S. Ambassador to Britain, donated his land to the Park prior to his death in 1886.
Some miles away is the path leading to the Indian statue, a dramatic 15 ft (4.5 m) high white marble sculpture of a kneeling Lenape warrior which was sculpted in 1902 by John Massey Rhind. (The statue is popularly but erroneously known as "Teedyuscung," the name of an 18th-century Delaware chief.) Commissioned by Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Henry, it is a tribute to the Lenape Indians who hunted and fished in the Wissahickon prior | 12,002 |
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to the arrival of colonists. The statue can also be viewed from Forbidden Drive across the creek if one stands just north of the path to the Rex Avenue Bridge.
# Geology.
A tremendous variety of geology is evident along Wissahickon Creek. Three of the geologic regions that the stream passes through are the Newark Basin of Triassic sandstone and shale, the limestone and dolomite of the Chester Valley, and the Wissahickon Formation where the waters of the stream flow into the Schuylkill and eventually the Delaware Rivers.
A unique and very distinctive rock of the Wissahickon Creek valley is Wissahickon schist, the predominant bedrock underlying the Philadelphia region, found over a broad swath | 12,003 |
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of southeastern Pennsylvania from Trenton into Delaware and Maryland. This Precambrian to Cambrian stone, first studied in the Wissahickon gorge, has flecks of glittery mica, small garnets, and many-toned shadings of gray, brown, tan, and blue, and is attractive enough to have become a common building material in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
In addition to Wissahickon schist, there are layers of quartzite in the valley. Both schist and quartzite are metamorphic rocks formed from sedimentary deposits of mud and sand that one time were washed from ancient continents into a shallow sea. These sedimentary deposits were over time compressed into shale and sandstone. During long periods of | 12,004 |
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mountain building, the shale and sandstone were slowly transformed into the schist and quartzite found today. In some places, the compression and heat were extreme enough to fuse the schist with emerging igneous rocks into hard-banded gneiss.
Other rocks in the valley are layers of igneous pegmatite and remains of granite plutons, embedded crystals within the schist. A few locations close to Devil's Pool and along Bell's Mill Road have a talc schist which contains the mineral talc, so soft it can be scratched with a fingernail.
# Tributaries.
- Trewellyn Creek
- Willow Run
- Prophecy Creek
- Sandy Run
- Arlingham Run
- Cresheim Creek
- Paper Mill Run
# History.
## Johannes Kelpius.
In | 12,005 |
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1694, Johannes Kelpius arrived in Philadelphia with a group of like-minded German Pietists to live in the valley of the Wissahickon Creek. They formed a monastic community and became known as the Hermits or Mystics of the Wissahickon. Kelpius was a musician, writer, and occultist. He frequently meditated (some believe in a cave—the "Cave of Kelpius" ) along the banks of the Wissahickon and awaited the end of the world, which was expected in 1694. No sign or revelation accompanied that year, but the faithful continued to live in celibacy by the stream, searching the stars and hoping for the end. Kelpius described the type of meditation he used in his "Method of Prayer." (See Further Reading below | 12,006 |
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on this book.) Kelpius died in 1708 and the group disbanded some time thereafter. Some members likely gave up on celibacy and married. A few joined the somewhat like-minded religious colony of Ephrata Cloister under Conrad Beissel in Ephrata, Lancaster County, even though no previous connection existed between the two communities. At least two from the original group, Johann Seelig and Konrad Matthaei, continued as hermits along the Wissahickon into the 1740s.
Other religious groups were also associated with the Wissahickon: On Christmas Day in 1723 the first congregation of the Church of the Brethren in America – often called Dunkard Brethren – baptized several new members in the stream. Around | 12,007 |
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1747 an individual with connections to both the Dunkards and the Ephrata Cloister built a stone house on land previously owned by Dunkards. The structure, used for church retreats, still stands today, and is known as "The Monastery", a remaining witness to the Wissahickon's days as an isolated religious refuge.
## Development.
The same steep slopes and gorge that provided an attractive isolation to religious adherents in the 17th and early 18th centuries provided an efficient source of energy for the development of water mills in later years. One miller had by 1690 already constructed a dam, sawmill, gristmill, and house by the narrow shelf of land at the confluence of the Wissahickon with | 12,008 |
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the Schuylkill River, but the rugged terrain of the valley forestalled further development alongside the stream itself. By 1730, however, eight mills had been constructed, and by 1793, twenty-four, along with many dams. Most of America was still wilderness, but the Wissahickon Valley was a developing industrial center. There were more than fifty watermills by 1850, though the thickly forested region about the stream still retained the character of a wilderness. Access roads were being constructed into the steep valley, but there was still no road that followed the stream itself. The nature of the rugged terrain can be comprehended in an event that had occurred during the Revolutionary War Battle | 12,009 |
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of Germantown, which was fought not too far from the stream. The American General John Armstrong, compelled by the rough terrain to abandon a cannon in the valley, expressed his contempt for the "horrendous hills of the Wissahickon." Later legends tell of American spies taking advantage of the terrain to retrieve information from an informant named "Mom Rinker", who allegedly perched atop a rock overlooking the valley to drop balls of yarn which contained messages about British troop movements during the occupation of Philadelphia. This is likely a legend, for other stories speak of a witch named "Mom Rinkle" who had little to do with the Revolution. There is a Mom Rinker's Rock in the park | 12,010 |
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today.
Not until 1826 were the cliffs near the creek's mouth blasted away to provide access to the cluster of mills at Rittenhousetown, approximately 1.5 mi (2.4 km) up the creek on Paper Mill Run (also known as Monoshone Creek), a small tributary of the Wissahickon. Here William Rittenhouse (grandfather of the astronomer David Rittenhouse) had in the early 18th century built the first paper mill in America. Gradually this road and other mill access roads were connected, and in 1856 a private toll road, the Wissahickon Turnpike, linked the entire valley. Long gone were the religious mystics; here instead the mills of Wissahickon Creek made paper, cloth, gunpowder, sawed lumber, milled wheat | 12,011 |
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and corn, and pressed oil from flax. A sizable population worked at the mills and lived in the valley in small villages like Rittenhousetown and Pumpkinville. The nation was becoming an industrial nation, and the Wissahickon was leading the way.
This would soon change. Benjamin Franklin already had noted in his will the high elevation and quality of Wissahickon water, proposing that in some future day the stream be dammed to supply a safe and pure water source for Philadelphia's water supply, and even allocating funds for this purpose. This did not happen, but the quest for pure water affected the Wissahickon's subsequent history. Seeking to prevent the stream's industrial discharges from affecting | 12,012 |
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the purity of the water of the Schuylkill River, the Fairmount Park Commission took title of much of the land along the Wissahickon in 1869-1870, and continued to expand its holdings in subsequent decades. The mills were razed; the last active mill was demolished in 1884. Several decades later the Schuylkill River itself became seriously polluted by sources in the coal fields far upstream beyond Philadelphia's control, but the waters of the Wissahickon had been restored and the beauty of the Wissahickon Valley had been preserved. Most of America became more industrialized, but the Wissahickon valley quietly returned to its original wilderness character.
The reason the Wissahickon Valley retained | 12,013 |
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its wilderness character, even after its clean waters were no longer essential to the water supply of the city of Philadelphia, was the advent of Romanticism and the changing attitudes which this thought engendered about nature. Before the 19th century, nature had seemed a capricious and ambivalent force, at times a dream, but at times a nightmare. Nature, according to orthodox Christian thought, had fallen with man; though the Renaissance brought about both a new view of mankind and nature, this new attitude took time to grow, but it eventually resulted in a literary and artistic movement known as Romanticism. Romantics valued heroism and chivalry in people, and regarded the wild, free, and | 12,014 |
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untamed nature as the "natural" model of true beauty. Philadelphians finally came to value their Wissahickon valley for its wild character. Even when the mills were still operating, there were remote stretches of wild bluffs and overarching trees; now the old mills had become romantic and picturesque, with mossy stone walls suggesting medieval ruins. In 1924, area residents formed the non-profit group "Friends of the Wissahickon", which still works to maintain the park's unique landscape to this day. Remarks on the Wissahickon in literature by such as Fanny Kemble, Edgar Allan Poe, George Lippard, and others are noted below.
However much the stream and its valley were appreciated, it still | 12,015 |
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divided parts of the city. To help overcome this, in 1906 the Walnut Lane Bridge was built over the stream, a world-class undertaking at the time, the world's largest poured concrete structure, joining the Roxborough and Germantown neighborhoods of Philadelphia, formerly separated by the Wissahickon gorge. The bridge is but 480 feet (146 m) long, with a width of 60 feet (18 m), but its center arch spans an impressive 225 feet (69 m), the crown of the arch is 109 feet (33 m) above the water, and the sidewalks of the bridge 120 feet (37 m) above the Wissahickon.
## Wissahickon Day.
In the past, there was an annual parade of horses, riders, and carriage annually in May for Wissahickon Day, a | 12,016 |
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festive Gala popular among Philadelphia's Equestrians and social elites.
## The Henry Avenue Bridge.
The Henry Avenue Bridge over the Wissahickon was completed in the 1932 and is even more impressive. It is 915 feet (279 m) long, 84 feet (26 m) wide, and 185 feet (56 m) above water level of Wissahickon Creek. It was designed to carry a planned extension of a subway into Roxborough, but the subway never reached the bridge. It is one of the most beautiful bridges in the city, joining Roxborough and the East Falls-Germantown neighborhoods in Philadelphia.
Today the Wissahickon is a quiet stream flowing through a beautiful gorge and park. The sole surviving commercial establishment from the pre-park | 12,017 |
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days is the Valley Green Inn, but that establishment is now an integral part of the park and creek valley. Most visitors to the stream today seek the Wissahickon for reasons not too different from those of Kelpius and his followers in 1694: quiet respite from the world outside.
## Fairmount Park.
Once the stream enters the city of Philadelphia, the creek valley and its deeply wooded gorge form part of the Fairmount Park system in Philadelphia, a jewel of a park and of nature set in the middle of an urban landscape. The park here is a ruggedly beautiful valley for the naturalists, artists, fishermen, bicyclists, equestrians, and hikers who are drawn to the wooded, steep banks of the stream. | 12,018 |
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Precipitous wooded inclines that rise more than 200 feet (61 m) above the water create a feeling of remoteness and mountain vastness. There are two main and many smaller bridle paths crossing the park's along the Wissahickon Creek. Thomas Mill Road covered bridge spans the creek in the park. The Wissahickon Valley is one of fewer than 600 National Natural Landmarks in America. Recently, interest in reintroducing brook trout to the Wissahickon Valley portion of Fairmount park has been growing.
# References in culture.
## Literature.
Among the earliest references to the valley was by William Cobbett in his book "Rural Rides", which takes the form of a series of letters. In one dated 1821 he | 12,019 |
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said,
Actress Fanny Kemble, grandmother to novelist Owen Wister, visited the stream in 1832; her writing awakened a more general interest in the stream and its valley. Her description of the gorge's dramatic end at the stream's confluence with the Schuylkill River and her verse "To the Wissahickon" both sparked a keen interest in this natural treasure often overlooked by its neighbors. She wrote:
The thick, bright, rich-tufted cedars, basking in the warm amber glow, the picturesque mill, the smooth open field, along whose side the river waters, after receiving this child of the mountains into their bosom, wound deep, and bright, and still, the whole radiant with the softest light I ever beheld, | 12,020 |
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formed a most enchanting and serene subject of contemplation.
Edgar Allan Poe alluded to Fanny Kemble's writing in his description of a beautiful Wissahickon valley in his 1844 essay "Morning on the Wissahiccon", in which he wrote:
Now the Wissahiccon is of so remarkable a loveliness that, were it flowing in England, it would be the theme of every bard, and the common topic of every tongue, if, indeed, its banks were not parcelled off in lots, at an exorbitant price, as building-sites for the villas of the opulent. Yet it is only within a very few years that any one has more than heard of the Wissahiccon ... the brook is narrow. Its banks are generally, indeed almost universally, precipitous, | 12,021 |
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and consist of high hills, clothed with noble shrubbery near the water, and crowned at a greater elevation, with some of the most magnificent forest trees of America, among which stands conspicuous the "liriodendron tulipiferum". The immediate shores, however, are of granite, sharply defined or moss-covered, against which the pellucid water lolls in its gentle flow, as the blue waves of the Mediterranean upon the steps of her palaces of marble.
The erratic and almost forgotten novelist George Lippard frequently wrote about the Wissahickon, and was even married at sunset on or around May 14, 1847, on a rocky crag called Mom Rinker's Rock, overlooking the stream. One of his books, "The Rose of | 12,022 |
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Wissahikon; or, The Fourth of July, 1776. A Romance, Embracing the Secret History of the Declaration of Independence" (1847) may refer not only to the Wissahickon, but to his wife, the former Rose Newman. He wrote:
A poem of everlasting beauty and a dream of magnificance – the world-hidden, wood embowered Wissahickon.
Depending on one of Lippard's mostly contrived stories, John Greenleaf Whittier wrote about Johannes Kelpius and his followers on the Wissahickon in his 1872 poem "":
Christopher Morley also portrayed the valley's beauty in his writings.
The Wissahickon is mentioned very briefly in "A Biography of the Poet, Sidney Lanier" by Edwin Mims.
Mark Twain mentioned the Wissahickon | 12,023 |
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during the short time he spent in Philadelphia working for "The Philadelphia Inquirer": "Unlike New York, I like this Philadelphia amazingly, and the people in it ... I saw small steamboats, with their signs up—"For Wissahickon and Manayunk 25 cents." Geo. Lippard, in his "Legends of Washington and his Generals," has rendered the Wissahickon sacred in my eyes, and I shall make that trip, as well as one to Germantown, soon ..."
Ron P. Swegman, a fly fishing angler, artist, and author, wrote extensively about Wissahickon Creek in two illustrated essay collections, Philadelphia on the Fly (Frank Amato Publications, 2005) and (The Whitefish Press, 2009). Both books describe the Wissahickon Valley | 12,024 |
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and the experience of fly fishing along Wissahickon Creek in the early twenty-first century.
## Art.
Artists have portrayed the stream and its valley:
- J. M. Culverhouse, Skating on the Wissahickon River Near Philadelphia, 1875
- John Exillus, Conrad's Paper-mill on the Wissahickon, abt 1813 (mentioned in Thomas Morton's "History of Pennsylvania Hospital")
- Daniel Charles Grose, "Spring on the Whissahickon" and "Autumn on the Whissahickon" located at the Samuel Dorksy Museum of Art, State University of New York at New Paltz
- J. S. Hill, Through the Winter Woods Near the Wissahickon, 1874
- Charles W. Knapp, "Boating on the Wissahickon", 1870
- John Moran, Devil's Glen in the Wissahickon, | 12,025 |
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1888
- John Moran, The Falls of Wissahickon Creek at Ridge Ave., 1888
- Thomas Moran (1837–1926), "Autumn on the Wissahickon"
- Thomas Moran (1837–1926), "Cresheim Glen, Wissahickon, Autumn", 1864
- Thomas Moran (1837–1926), "On the Wissahickon Near Chestnut Hill", 1870
- James Peale (1749–1831), "View on the Wissahickon", 1828
- James Peale (1749–1831), "View on the Wissahickon", 1830 (at the Philadelphia Museum of Art)
- James Peale (1749–1831), Wissahickon, n.d. (at Swarthmore College)
- James Peale (1749–1831), On the Wissahickon, 1830
- James Peale (1749–1831), View of the Wissahickon (waterfall)
- William Trost Richards (1833–1905), "On the Wissahickon", 1870
- William Trost | 12,026 |
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Richards (1833–1905), The Wissahickon, 1872
- William Thompson Russell Smith (1812–1896), "Boating Party on the Wissahickon," 1836
- William Thompson Russell Smith (1812–1896), "Rocks on the Wissahickon", 1839
- William Thompson Russell Smith (1812–1896), "A Scene on the Wissahickon", 1842
- William Thompson Russell Smith (1812–1896), Wissahickon, 1857
- Thomas Sully (1783–1872), "Wissahickon Creek", 1845
- Ron P. swegman (1967- ), "Philadelphia on the Fl", 2005
- Rosa M. Towne (1827–1909), Sketch of Upper Wissahickon, Philadelphia, 1882
- Carl Philipp Weber, (Amer, b Germ, 1849–1921), Wissahickon Scene, n.d.
- Carl Philipp Weber, (Amer, b Germ, 1849–1921), Wissahickon Creek, 1877
- | 12,027 |
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Carl Philipp Weber, (Amer, b Germ, 1849–1921), "Spirit of the Wissahickon" (lower bridge, Wissahickon valley)
There exists a Currier & Ives "Scenery Of The Wissahickon"
The Swann Memorial Fountain (1924), a fountain sculpture by Alexander Stirling Calder that is located in the center of Logan Circle, also known by its historic name "Logan Square", in Philadelphia, contains three large Native American figures that symbolize the area's major streams: the Delaware, the Schuylkill, and the Wissahickon. The young girl leaning on her side against an agitated, water-spouting swan represents the Wissahickon Creek.
## Music.
There exists a song called "The Gentle Wissahickon: A Ballad" published | 12,028 |
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in 1857 by Edmund L Walker, 142 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. The words are by Col. James G Wallace, the music by Herman Trevor, and it recalls a "happy childhood time", "the picnic grove", and at the end "dear Alice Ray" who became the singer's "blushing bride."
There exists sheet music mentioning the Wissahickon:
- The Wissahickon Waltz by Charles Grobe, 1849 (2 pages)
- The Wissahickon Gallopade by J. B. Bishop, 1856 (4 pages)
- Sounds from the Wissahickon waltzes by Harry M. Rollin, 1871 (10 pages).
"Wissahickon Drive" is the name of one of the tracks on the CD "Here's to You" by the Bog Wanderers, "a collection of original, contemporary and traditional slides, jigs, reels, waltzes | 12,029 |
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and songs." Liner notes say the tune is "of the great fiddler/composer Liz Carroll."
## Motion pictures.
In the 1981 Brian DePalma–directed film "Blow Out" starring Nancy Allen and John Travolta, the car crash that Travolta's character records is of an auto traveling northbound on Lincoln Drive and crashing headfirst into the Wissahickon Creek. The site is just south of the intersection of Lincoln Drive and Forbidden Drive. Travolta's character plays his recorded film footage repeatedly, and the creek's location is easy to determine.
Portions of the 2010 M. Night Shyamalan film "The Last Airbender" were filmed in the Wissahickon Valley Park.
## Military.
The USS "Wissahickon", a U.S. Navy | 12,030 |
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gunboat during the Civil War and the USRC "Wissahickon", a U.S. Revenue Cutter Service harbor tug were named after the creek.
# Quotations.
- A poem of everlasting beauty and a dream of magnificence – the world-hidden, wood embowered Wissahickon. – George Lippard (1822–1854) (Quoted in Grove, Victor. "Philadelphia: A Hiker's Paradise". Philadelphia, PA: Old City Publishing, 2005. )
- Wissahickon creek takes its rise in Montgomery County, flows generally to the south, bearing west, and enters the Schuylkill above the Falls. --Cresheim creek, which rises in Montgomery County, enters the Wissahickon at Livezey's mill. It received its name from Cresheim in Germany, from which some of the original | 12,031 |
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settlers of Germantown came. --Paper Mill run rises near Mount Airy, flows to the south-west, and empties into the Wissahickon near the intersection of Rittenhouse Lane. There was once a paper-mill there. Wissahickon is derived from Wissha mechan ("catfish"). On Holmes's map it is called Whitpaine's creek, after the name of one of the original settlers with Penn. Wissinoming creek rises near the old Wheat-Sheaf tavern, on the Bustleton and Wheat-Sheaf turnpike, and flows south by east. This stream is called Sissimocksink by Mellish, Wissinoming by Ellet, and Little Wahank on Lindsay & Blakiston's map. The name is derived from Wissachgamen ("a place where grapes are").
# See also.
- Wissahickon | 12,032 |
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Trail
- Wissahickon Valley Park
- List of rivers of Pennsylvania
# Further reading.
- Contosta, David and Franklin, Carol. "Metropolitan Paradise: The Struggle for Nature in the City. Philadelphia's Wissahickon Valley, 1620-2020". St. Joseph's University Press, 2010. Available from Friends of the Wissahickon and St. Joseph's University Press
- Brandt, Francis Burke. "Wissahickon Valley within the city of Philadelphia". Philadelphia: Corn Exchange National Bank, 1927. Entire book is available for download from the Penn State Digital Library at this site.
- Conwill, Joseph D. "The Wissahickon Valley: To A Wilderness Returned." Pennsylvania Heritage. Summer, 1986.
- Grove, Victor. "Philadelphia: | 12,033 |
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A Hiker's Paradise". Philadelphia, PA: Old City Publishing, 2005. (Contains many photos of Wissahickon Creek and area)
- Herman, Andrew Mark. "Along the Wissahickon Creek". Arcadia Publishing, 2004.
- Kelpius, Johannes, and Richards, Kirby, Ph.D. "A Method of Prayer. A Mystical Pamphlet from Colonial America." Philadelphia: Schuylkill Wordsmiths, 2006. (A new translation of Kelpius's pamphlet, with informative background materials and the original German. Available at Amazon.com.)
- Swegman, Ron P. "Philadelphia on the Fly". Frank Amato Publications, 2005.
- Swegman, Ron P. "Small Fry: The Lure of the Little". The Whitefish Press, 2009.
# External links.
- Friends of the Wissahickon website
- | 12,034 |
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.
# External links.
- Friends of the Wissahickon website
- U.S. Geological Survey: PA stream gaging stations
- Historic RittenhouseTown
- WRV Wissahickon Restoration Volunteers
- A virtual geologic tour of Wissahickon Creek
- 1871 map
- 1876 map
- Bird's eye view lithograph, old photos, building plans, Edison letter, etc. (need to enter Wissahickon into search box)
- Postcard collection with several Wissahickon views
- Legend of the Wissahikon
- Edgar Allan Poe's 1844 sketch "Morning on the Wissahiccon"
- Monks of Wissahickon
- The Legend of Wissahickon
- At the Red Bridge Crossing the Wissahickon Creek by D.J. Kennedy, Historical Society of Pennsylvania
- Catfish and Waffles | 12,035 |
512222 | Bill Emmott | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill%20Emmott | Bill Emmott
Bill Emmott
Bill Emmott (born 6 August 1956) is an English journalist, author, and consultant best known as the editor-in-chief of "The Economist" newspaper from 1993 to 2006. Emmott has written thirteen books and worked on two documentary feature films. He co-founded the Wake Up Foundation, an educational charity dedicated to raising awareness of the dangers facing Western societies. He is now chairman of the Trinity College Long Room Hub for Arts & Humanities in Dublin, and of the International Institute for Strategic Studies and Japan Society of the UK in London.
# Life and work.
Emmott was educated at Latymer Upper School in London and Magdalen College, Oxford. He graduated from Oxford | 12,036 |
512222 | Bill Emmott | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill%20Emmott | Bill Emmott
with first-class honours in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics. After graduation, he worked for "The Economist" newspaper in Brussels, Tokyo, and London, and became the fifteenth editor of the publication in March 1993. Emmott resigned thirteen years later on 20 February 2006. During his tenure, "The Economist" editorialised in favour of the Iraq War, of legalising gay marriage, of abolishing the British monarchy, and of opposing Silvio Berlusconi as prime minister of Italy. In 2009, Emmott received the Gerald Loeb Lifetime Achievement Award for execellence in business journalism.
Emmott served as chairman of the London Library from 2009 to 2015. He worked as a group economic adviser for Fleming | 12,037 |
512222 | Bill Emmott | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill%20Emmott | Bill Emmott
Family & Partners from 2011 to 2015. He is currently a visiting professor at Shujitsu University in Okayama, Japan, a visiting fellow at the Blavatnik School of Government in Oxford, and a member of the University of Tokyo President's Council. Emmott is also an adviser to Swiss Re and has served as the chairman of the content board at Ofcom.
Emmott wrote the best-selling book "The Sun Also Sets: The Limits to Japan's Economic Power" (1989), as well as "20:21 Vision: Twentieth-Century Lessons for the Twenty-First Century" (2003), "Japanophobia: The Myth of the Invincible Japanese" (1993), and "Rivals: How the Power Struggle Between China, India and Japan Will Shape our Next Decade" (2008).
His | 12,038 |
512222 | Bill Emmott | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill%20Emmott | Bill Emmott
book about Italy, (Come on Italy: How to Restart after Berlusconi) was translated to Italian and published in 2010. Initially there was no English language version of this book. Emmott then updated, revised, and expanded the content for an English language version called "Good Italy, Bad Italy", which was published in 2012.
In April 2016, the government of Japan awarded him the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon.
Emmott writes columns on current affairs for "The Financial Times" in London, for "La Stampa" in Italy, for Nikkei Business and the Mainichi Shimbun in Japan, and for Project Syndicate worldwide. His latest book, "The Fate of the West: The Battle to Save the World's | 12,039 |
512222 | Bill Emmott | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill%20Emmott | Bill Emmott
Most Successful Political Idea", was published in April 2017. His next book, "Japan's Far More Female Future" will be published by Nikkei in May 2019.
# Film work.
## "Girlfriend in a Coma".
Emmott co-wrote and narrated a documentary film entitled "Girlfriend in a Coma", which depicts Italy in a 20-year-long crisis. It was made in 2012 by Springshot Productions under the direction and co-authorship of Annalisa Piras. It was broadcast on BBC Four, Sky Italia and La7 TV channels early in 2013, and subsequently on other channels worldwide, as well as more than 46 independently organised public screenings in Italy and abroad. During the six months following its release, the film was watched by | 12,040 |
512222 | Bill Emmott | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill%20Emmott | Bill Emmott
more than one and a half million viewers.
## "The Great European Disaster Movie".
Emmott and Piras again worked together on "The Great European Disaster Movie" which was aired in Britain, France, Germany and many other European countries in early 2015. The movie has been seen by 2,500,000 people in twelve countries and been translated into ten languages. In October 2015, Emmott and Piras made the film freely available for public screenings and debates about the future of the European Union. In May 2016, it was awarded the German CIVIS Media Prize in the category TV-Information.
# Wake Up Foundation.
Emmott and Piras set up the Wake Up Foundation to use film, text, and data for public education | 12,041 |
512222 | Bill Emmott | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill%20Emmott | Bill Emmott
ecline of Western countries. The first projects of the foundation were the Wake Up Europe! initiative, "The Great European Disaster Movie", and a statistical indicator of the long-term health of western societies called 2050 Index. In May 2019, the foundation will hold its inaugural Wake Up Europe Film Festival for social impact documentaries in Turin.
# External links.
- Interview with Emmott, ABC News (Australia)
- Interview with Emmott, Forbes
- Interview with Emmott, UK Evening Standard
- The Promise and Problems of American Power – A Conversation With Bill Emmott
- billemmott.com
- Why the Economist is so successful?
- Washington Post, PostGlobal Panelist
- girlfriendinacoma.eu | 12,042 |
512236 | Lists of schools in New Zealand | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lists%20of%20schools%20in%20New%20Zealand | Lists of schools in New Zealand
Lists of schools in New Zealand
New Zealand has over 2,500 primary and secondary schools.
State schools and state integrated schools are primarily funded by the central government. Private schools receive a lower level of state funding (about 25% of their costs). See Secondary education in New Zealand for more details.
Population decline in rural and some urban areas has led to school closures in recent decades. This was a much debated topic in 2003–2004.
# Schools by region.
## North Island.
- List of schools in the Auckland Region
- List of schools in the Bay of Plenty Region
- List of schools in the Gisborne Region
- List of schools in the Hawke's Bay Region
- List of schools in | 12,043 |
512236 | Lists of schools in New Zealand | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lists%20of%20schools%20in%20New%20Zealand | Lists of schools in New Zealand
the Manawatu-Wanganui Region
- List of schools in the Northland Region
- List of schools in the Taranaki Region
- List of schools in the Waikato Region
- List of schools in the Wellington Region
## South Island and other islands.
- List of schools in the Canterbury Region
- List of schools in Christchurch
- List of schools in the Chatham Islands
- List of schools in the Marlborough Region
- List of schools in Nelson, New Zealand
- List of schools in the Otago Region
- List of schools in the Southland Region
- List of schools in the Tasman Region
- List of schools in the West Coast Region
# Schools by type.
- List of Catholic schools in New Zealand
# Former schools.
- Closed | 12,044 |
512236 | Lists of schools in New Zealand | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lists%20of%20schools%20in%20New%20Zealand | Lists of schools in New Zealand
# South Island and other islands.
- List of schools in the Canterbury Region
- List of schools in Christchurch
- List of schools in the Chatham Islands
- List of schools in the Marlborough Region
- List of schools in Nelson, New Zealand
- List of schools in the Otago Region
- List of schools in the Southland Region
- List of schools in the Tasman Region
- List of schools in the West Coast Region
# Schools by type.
- List of Catholic schools in New Zealand
# Former schools.
- Closed schools in the Northland Region
# See also.
- Education in New Zealand
- Secondary education in New Zealand
- The Correspondence School
- One Day School
- List of Catholic schools in New Zealand | 12,045 |
512237 | Driscoll Bridge | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Driscoll%20Bridge | Driscoll Bridge
Driscoll Bridge
The Driscoll Bridge is a toll bridge (a series of three spans) on the Garden State Parkway in the U.S. state of New Jersey spanning the Raritan River near its mouth in Raritan Bay. The bridge connects the Middlesex County communities of Woodbridge Township on the north with Sayreville on the south. With a total of 15 travel lanes and 6 shoulder lanes, it is the widest motor vehicle bridge in the world by number of lanes and one of the world's busiest.
# History.
The northbound lanes of the bridge were opened to the public without fanfare on July 30, 1954. The bridge was formally renamed in 1974 for former Governor Alfred E. Driscoll, who advocated for and oversaw the construction | 12,046 |
512237 | Driscoll Bridge | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Driscoll%20Bridge | Driscoll Bridge
of the Garden State Parkway, as well as for the New Jersey Turnpike.
The original span was built with two lanes in each direction. A second span was added in 1972, with each span serving five lanes of traffic.
The bridge had very narrow lanes which created traffic bottlenecks for miles in each direction on the Garden State Parkway, until it was widened. The original configuration was four twelve-foot lanes with shoulders. This was then widened to eight twelve-foot lanes with shoulders. The shoulders on each side were then converted to travel lanes, resulting in a total of ten twelve-foot lanes. Finally, the bridge was restriped to have twelve ten-foot lanes, six in each direction.
Construction | 12,047 |
512237 | Driscoll Bridge | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Driscoll%20Bridge | Driscoll Bridge
on a new southbound bridge started on September 25, 2002, and the new bridge opened to traffic on May 3, 2006. The existing span was then closed for rehabilitation, and it reopened on May 20, 2009. The new configuration has seven southbound lanes on the newly constructed span, and the original span has eight lanes and carries northbound traffic only. The northbound span is also divided, with four lanes on each side. The west side contains four lanes for through traffic on the Parkway, and the east side contains three lanes for Exit 127 of the Parkway and one lane for through traffic. The Driscoll Bridge is now the world's widest bridge, in terms of total number of travel lanes (15 total).
The | 12,048 |
512237 | Driscoll Bridge | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Driscoll%20Bridge | Driscoll Bridge
toll charged for this bridge (due south) is not for the bridge itself but rather a toll for driving on the Garden State Parkway; The toll was 35 cents each way until September 2004 when it was doubled from 35 to 70 cents for southbound cars only. Then the toll was increased to $1.00 from December 2008 to December 2011 (first phase of the toll increase) and then it was increased to $1.50 on January 2012 to present (second phase of the toll increase) to southbound traffic after passing the bridge. This along with many other Parkway toll plazas, has been converted to one-way in an effort to reduce traffic congestion. The speed limit on the Garden State Parkway is 45 mph between Milepost 126.7 and | 12,049 |
512237 | Driscoll Bridge | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Driscoll%20Bridge | Driscoll Bridge
has been converted to one-way in an effort to reduce traffic congestion. The speed limit on the Garden State Parkway is 45 mph between Milepost 126.7 and 127.7, approaching and traversing the Driscoll Bridge.
# Murder on the bridge.
On February 17, 2010, Shamshiddin Abdur-Raheem was sentenced to life in prison for the murder of his daughter by throwing her off the bridge. The body of an infant matching the girl's description was found on the south bank of the Raritan River on April 24 and was later identified as the missing girl through DNA testing.
# See also.
- List of crossings of the Raritan River
# External links.
- The History and Technology of the Edison Bridge & Driscoll Bridge | 12,050 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
Etihad Airways
Etihad Airways () is the second-largest airline in the United Arab Emirates (after Emirates). Its head office is in Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi, near Abu Dhabi's International Airport. Etihad commenced operations in November 2003.
The airline operates more than 1,000 flights per week to over 120 passenger and cargo destinations in the Middle East, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia and the Americas, with a fleet of 117 Airbus and Boeing aircraft as of February 2018.
In 2015, Etihad carried 14.8 million passengers, a 22.3% increase from the previous year, delivering revenues of US$9.02 billion and net profits of US$103 million. Its main base is Abu Dhabi International Airport.
In addition | 12,051 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
to its core activity of passenger transportation, Etihad also operates Etihad Holidays and Etihad Cargo. Etihad established its own airline alliance, Etihad Airways Partners, in October 2015 which was disbanded in 2018 after several of its members fell into financial struggles. Etihad Airways holds minority equity investments in the participating airlines; as well as holding a stake in Virgin Australia, which is not officially listed as an Etihad Airways Partner. Booking for these airlines is consolidated under one network.
# History.
Etihad Airways was established as the second flag carrier of the United Arab Emirates in July 2003 by Royal (Amiri) Decree issued by Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed | 12,052 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
Al Nahyan, who wanted an airline for Abu Dhabi. Sheikh Ahmed bin Saif Al Nahyan established the airline. It started with an initial paid-up capital of AED500 million. Services were launched with a ceremonial flight to Al Ain on 5 November 2003. On 12 November 2003, Etihad commenced commercial operations with the launch of services to Beirut, Lebanon. Prior to the establishment of Etihad, Gulf Air was the airline which was based at Abu Dhabi International Airport and was also co-owned by Bahrain and the Sultanate of Oman.
In June 2004, the airline placed an US$8-billion aircraft order for five Boeing 777-300ERs and 24 Airbus aircraft, including four Airbus A380s. Its first A380 was delivered | 12,053 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
in December 2014.
The airline announced what was the largest aircraft order in commercial aviation history at the Farnborough Airshow in 2008, for up to 205 aircraft—100 firm orders, 55 options and 50 purchase rights.
Etihad reported its first full-year net profit in 2011, of US$14 million, in line with the strategic plan announced by CEO James Hogan in 2006.
In December 2011, Etihad announced it had taken a 29.21% stake in Air Berlin, Europe's sixth-largest airline, and James Hogan was appointed Vice Chairman. It followed this up with minority stakes in other airlines—Air Seychelles (40%), Aer Lingus (2.987%), Virgin Australia (10%). On 1 August 2013, the President of the company, James | 12,054 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
Hogan, signed a deal with Aleksandar Vučić, First Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia, in Belgrade, giving Etihad a 49% stake in the Serbian national carrier Jat Airways. The Serbian Government retained 51% of the shares, with the company being rebranded as Air Serbia.
In September 2012, the Indian government announced that foreign airlines could take a stake of up to 49% in Indian carriers. On 24 April 2013, Jet Airways announced that it was ready to sell a 24% stake in the airline to Etihad for US$379 million. The deal was completed on 12 November 2013.
At the 2013 Dubai Airshow, Etihad announced that it was acquiring a 33.3% stake in the Swiss carrier Darwin Airline. Darwin was rebranded as | 12,055 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
Etihad Regional from March 2014. Etihad sold its stake in Darwin in 2017.
On 1 August 2014, Etihad agreed to take a 49% stake in the Italian flag carrier Alitalia for an estimated €560 million. The deal was closed on 8 August 2014. On 1 January 2015, Alitalia-CAI formally passed its operations to Alitalia-SAI, a new entity owned 49% by Etihad and 51% by the Alitalia-CAI shareholders.
In May 2016, the management structure was reshuffled, as James Hogan became CEO of the airline's parent company, Etihad Aviation Group. Peter Baumgartner, formerly the airline's Chief Commercial Officer, became Chief Executive Officer of the airline, reporting to Hogan.
In May 2017, a week after Alitalia collapsed | 12,056 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
into administration, Etihad Aviation Group suddenly announced that CEO James Hogan and CFO James Rigney would leave the group on 1 July 2017. As an interim measure the board of directors appointed Ray Gammell as CEO (previously Chief People and Performance Officer) while searching for a permanent replacement. On 9 January 2018, Etihad Airways appointed Mark Powers as Group CFO, replacing interim Group CFO Ricky Thirion.
On 2 July 2017, the United States Department of Homeland Security unbanned Etihad Airways and exempted Etihad Airways from the 2017 electronics ban after the airline enhanced its passenger screening processes.
In February 2019, Etihad announced large order cancellations for | 12,057 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
both, Airbus and Boeing aircraft. The airline terminated contracts for all 42 Airbus A350-900s, 2 A350-1000s and 19 of 24 ordered Boeing 777X.
# Corporate affairs.
## Head office.
Etihad has its head office, in Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi, near Abu Dhabi International Airport. Etihad spent 183.6 million UAE dirhams (US$50 million) in 2007 to arrange to have its new head office and training center built. The new head office was scheduled to be finished by the end of 2007.
## Structure.
Etihad is governed by a board of directors chaired by H.E. Mohamed Mubarak Al Mazrouei and operates in terms of its founding legislation and the Article of Association of the Company. The Board consists of seven | 12,058 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
independent non-executive members and has two sub-committees, being an Executive Committee and an Audit Committee, each with its own charter and chairman. Other members of the board include: H.E. Ahmed Ali Al Sayegh, H.E. Mohamed Khalifa Al Mubarak, H.E. Mohamed Hareb Sultan Al Yousef, H.E. Hamad Abdulla Al Shamsi, H.E. Khalifa Sultan Al Suwaidi, H.E. Ahmed Ali Matar Al Romaithi.
The airline was led previously by James Hogan (formerly CEO of Gulf Air) who was appointed as President and Chief Executive Officer on 10 September 2006 until January 2018. The current CEO of Etihad Group is Tony Douglas who was appointed as Chief Executive Officer on January 2018.
## Etihad Airways equity alliance.
Etihad's | 12,059 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
equity alliance is composed of airlines in which Etihad has minority shareholdings:
- Air Serbia (49%)
- Air Seychelles (40%)
- Virgin Australia (24.2%)
The incorporated airlines were also part of the now disbanded Etihad Airways Partners alliance between 2015 and 2018.
## Business trends.
The key recent trends for Etihad Airways are shown below (as at years ending 31 December):
## Corporate sponsorship.
### Event and organisations.
- On 18 December 2007 Etihad announced that it would become the title sponsor for the 2009 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix to be held on Yas Island, the F1 logo and the words "Formula 1 Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi Grand Prix" appeared on the aircraft for one month before | 12,060 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
the race.
- In October 2008, it was announced that Etihad would take over sponsorship of the Docklands Stadium in Melbourne, Australia (previously known as the Telstra Dome). The name change to Etihad Stadium took effect on 1 March 2009.
- On 19 March 2008 it was announced that Etihad Airways would become a main sponsor for the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship from 2008 to 2010, which was later extended until 2012. On 12 April 2012, the Gaelic Athletic Association signed a new five-year sponsorship deal with Etihad.
- On 25 March 2014, Etihad announced a partnership with Major League Soccer (MLS) in the United States to become the Official Airline Partner of MLS, in a multi-year deal.
- | 12,061 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
In 2017 it was announced that Etihad Airways would collaborate with IMG Models, on a show called "Model Diaries", showcasing models in high fashion as they travel to fashion shows around the world. and in November, 2018 its first episode featured high fashion model Xiao Wen Ju as she traveled to Dubai.
### Former sponsorships.
- Etihad was a sponsor of UAE sports clubs, including the Abu Dhabi Rugby Union Football Club, the Abu Dhabi International Sailing School and the Abu Dhabi International Marine Sports Club (ADIMSC), as well as the Al-Jazira Club.
## Cargo.
Etihad Cargo, formerly "Etihad Crystal Cargo", is the dedicated freight operations branch of Etihad. The carrier refreshed its | 12,062 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
brand image in June 2012 dropping the "Crystal" part, with full Etihad Cargo titles now applied billboard style in line with the airline's current corporate design.
Etihad Cargo operates five Boeing B777Fs. It has previously operated a Boeing 747-8F and Boeing 747-400F, both leased from Atlas Air but operated in full Etihad Cargo colours. In January 2018, Etihad announced it would retire and either sell or lease out its five relatively new Airbus A330-200F freighters due to a change in strategy and reduction of freight capacity. In August 2018, it was announced that all five A330 freighters had been sold to DHL Aviation.
Etihad Cargo delivered 368,000 tonnes of cargo in 2012, a tonnage growth | 12,063 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
of 19 per cent on the back of a capacity increase of 14 per cent in available tonnage kilometres. Etihad's new facility at Abu Dhabi International Airport is equipped to handle more than 500,000 tonnes annually.
In September 2018, Etihad Cargo announced a revised and heavily downsized network of cargo destinations to reflect the reduced fleet and a focus on core freight operations.
# Destinations.
As of June 2019, Etihad serves 81 passenger and cargo destinations across Africa, Europe, North America, Asia and Australia from its hub at Abu Dhabi International Airport. Until terminating the São Paulo service in late March 2017, Etihad Airways was one of the few carriers to have passenger services | 12,064 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
to all six inhabited continents.
## Codeshare agreements.
Etihad Airways has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:
- Aer Lingus
- Aerolíneas Argentinas
- Air Astana
- Air Canada
- Air Europa
- Air France
- Air Malta
- Air New Zealand
- Air Serbia
- Air Seychelles
- airBaltic
- Alitalia
- All Nippon Airways
- Asiana Airlines
- Azerbaijan Airlines
- Bangkok Airways
- Belavia
- Brussels Airlines
- Czech Airlines
- EgyptAir
- Flybe
- Flynas
- Garuda Indonesia
- Gulf Air
- Hong Kong Airlines
- JetBlue
- Kenya Airways
- KLM
- Korean Air
- kulula.com
- Lufthansa
- Malaysia Airlines
- Middle East Airlines
- Montenegro Airlines
- Oman Air
- Philippine | 12,065 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
Airlines
- Precision Air
- Royal Air Maroc
- Royal Jordanian
- S7 Airlines
- Saudia
- Scandinavian Airlines
- SriLankan Airlines
- Swiss International Air Lines
- TAP Air Portugal
- Turkish Airlines
- Vietnam Airlines
- Virgin Australia
Additionally, Etihad Airways has a codeshare partnership with French Railways SNCF.
# Fleet.
## Current fleet.
As of July 2019, the Etihad Airways fleet consists of the following aircraft:
## Historical fleet.
Etihad Airways operated the following aircraft in the past:
# Livery.
## Current livery.
The current livery was unveiled in September 2014 on the first of the airline's new A380s. It features a golden and silver triangular tessellation | 12,066 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
on the vertical stabilizer and rear fuselage. A golden Etihad logo and a UAE emblem over the windows, with the UAE flag painted on the front door. The background was painted in light beige and the wingtip also has a UAE emblem.
## Former livery.
The former livery features a UAE flag and emblem on the vertical stabilizer and a golden Etihad logo on the windows. Red and golden strips were painted on the fuselage. The former livery was phased out in 2017.
# Services.
## New cabins (from December 2014).
With the introduction of the Airbus A380 and Boeing 787, new cabins were introduced, their names being: The Residence (A380 only), the First Apartments (A380 only), First Suite (787), Business | 12,067 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
Studio and Economy Smart seat. The rest of the fleet will gradually be retrofitted with these cabins except for the Residence and First Apartment cabins, which are exclusive to the Airbus A380. The Residence was the only three-room cabin in the sky when it was introduced in December 2014.
- The Residence (Airbus A380 only)
The Residence accommodates one or two people, in a space of . It features a private living room, bedroom, and bathroom. It features a -wide two-seater reclining sofa and TV monitor in the lounge; an ensuite bathroom with shower, an -long, -wide double bed in the bedroom which also includes a TV monitor, and a personal butler.
- First Apartment (Airbus A380 only)
First | 12,068 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
Class on Airbus A380s was overhauled with the "First Apartments". There are nine in total, configured 1-1 across a single aisle, and take up a total area of each. It features a -wide reclining chair; a full-length ottoman which can be transformed into a bed; a TV monitor which can swing to align itself to the ottoman so that it can be viewed from the bed; a vanity cabinet; and a bar with assorted chilled drinks. In 2015, this class was named the world's best first class due to its luxurious innovation.
- First Suite (Boeing 787-9 only)
Select Boeing 787-9s feature eight First Suites to accommodate the narrower aircraft. The service includes a -wide reclining lounge chair (which converts into | 12,069 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
an fully flat bed); dining table; and a TV monitor. All covers are tailored by Poltrona Frau. There is a personal wardrobe, along with total privacy with high sliding doors.
- Business Studio
The "Business Studio" is on both models, with 70 seats on the Airbus A380s, 28 on the Boeing 787-9s, and 32 on the Boeing 787-10s. The studio seats include a -wide reclining chair, which converts into a fully flat bed, and an TV monitor. All have leather covers tailored by Poltrona Frau.
- Economy Smart Seat
Economy Smart seats feature a -wide seat on the Boeing 787 and -wide seat on the Airbus A380, with a pitch and recline. There is also an touch screen fitted with Etihad's entertainment system. A | 12,070 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
fixed wing is in place to allow passengers to rest upon.
## In-flight entertainment.
Etihad uses both the Panasonic eX2 and the "Thales TopSeries i5000" in-flight entertainment system with AVOD (audio-video on demand) system on its new long-range aircraft and on some of its new A320-200 aircraft. Etihad brands this system as the "E-box". International destination fleets have a plug-and-play system which works on USB technology, that allow passengers to play their own audio, video and picture media. The Airbus A330s and Boeing 777-300ER all have in-flight telephone facility.
On 28 April 2019 Etihad announced that it will remove seat-back screens in the economy section of 23 of its narrow-body | 12,071 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
Airbus A320 and A321 aircraft, aircraft that are to be used for flights up to 5 hours long.
Etihad signed a new 10-year agreement with Panasonic Avionics Corporation in 2011 for the provision of in-flight entertainment including broadband internet and live TV.
"Atlas" is the official in-flight magazine of the airline.
# Loyalty program.
"Etihad Guest" is the airline's frequent flyer program, launched on 30 August 2006. It offers a discount web shop for members and multiple benefits and perks such as extra baggage and priority check in for frequent fliers. Points may also be redeemed for tickets or class upgrades. As part of an agreement between Etihad and the United Arab Emirates Ministry | 12,072 |
512231 | Etihad Airways | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etihad%20Airways | Etihad Airways
of Community Development, senior Emirati citizens get instant access to Etihad's loyalty programme and enjoy perks of more air miles, discounted tickets, priority check in, and extra baggage.
As part of a partnership with American Airlines, American Airline loyalty program AAdvantage may be redeemed for tickets on Etihad.
# Accidents and incidents.
Etihad Airways has not suffered any fatal accidents or injuries during passenger operations.
- 15 November 2007 – A new A340-600, registration A6-EHG, due for delivery to Etihad Airways was damaged beyond repair during ground testing at Airbus' facilities at Toulouse Blagnac International Airport in France. During a pre-delivery engine test, multiple | 12,073 |
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safety systems had been disabled by engineers, leading to the non-chocked aircraft accelerating to 31 knots (57 km/h) and colliding with a concrete blast deflection wall. Severe damage was inflicted on the aircraft and nine people on board were injured, four of them seriously. The right wing, tail, and left engines made contact with the ground or wall, leaving the forward section of the aircraft elevated several meters and the cockpit broken off.
# Alternative propulsion.
Etihad Airways flew the world's first Boeing 787 commercial flight using locally produced jet fuel derived from salicornia plant on 16 January 2019. The aviation biofuel was researched and developed by Sustainable Bioenergy | 12,074 |
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7 commercial flight using locally produced jet fuel derived from salicornia plant on 16 January 2019. The aviation biofuel was researched and developed by Sustainable Bioenergy Research Consortium (SBRC), a non-profit entity established by Masdar Institute, part of the Khalifa University of Science and Technology. The 787 engine was powered by General Electric's next-generation 1B engines and flew for more than seven hours, taking off from Abu Dhabi and arriving in Amsterdam.
# See also.
- Emirates (airline)
- Abu Dhabi International Airport
- List of airlines of the United Arab Emirates
- List of airports in the United Arab Emirates
# External links.
- Etihad Airways official website | 12,075 |
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Ninja Scroll
The film takes place in feudal Japan and follows Jubei Kibagami, a mercenary swordsman who battles the Eight Devils of Kimon, a team of ninjas with supernatural powers who are intent on overthrowing the Tokugawa shogunate. During his quest, he is aided by Dakuan, an elderly but crafty government spy, and Kagero, a Koga kunoichi whose body is infused with poisonous toxins. "Ninja Scroll"'s story and style was influenced by the works of novelist Futaro Yamada and Western spy fiction, with Jubei's character being loosely inspired by the historical figure Yagyū Jūbei Mitsuyoshi.
Praised for its animation and action scenes, "Ninja Scroll" is regarded by many as one of the most influential | 12,076 |
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anime films ever made. Alongside "Akira" and "Ghost in the Shell", it was responsible for increasing the popularity of adult-oriented anime outside of Japan. The film has been cited by The Wachowskis as an influence on "The Matrix" franchise, and resulted in Kawajiri later contributing to two segments of the anthology film "The Animatrix".
A televised stand-alone sequel, "", was aired in Japan in 2003.
# Plot.
In Edo period-Japan, the Yamashiro clan mines gold in secret, and sends a shipment to the Toyotomi Shogun of the Dark as payment for his protection. The Shogun of the Dark intends to use the gold to buy advanced Spanish weaponry and overthrow the current government, the Tokugawa Shogunate. | 12,077 |
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The ship runs aground onto Mochizuki territory in a storm, and the Eight Devils of Kimon, a ninja team with supernatural powers in the employ of the Yamashiro, kill the people of the nearby village of Shimoda to keep the gold shipment a secret.
While investigating the deaths, a Mochizuki Koga ninja team is massacred by the Devils. The sole survivor, Kagero, is captured by a Devil, Tessai, who molests her. She is rescued by Jubei Kibagami, a mercenary ex-Yamashiro ninja, who fights and eventually kills Tessai. Dakuan, a Tokugawa spy, blackmails Jubei into helping him kill the remaining Devils. To ensure his compliance, Dakuan stabs Jubei with a poisoned shuriken, and promises to give him an | 12,078 |
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antidote once the mission is complete. Jubei learns from Dakuan that the leader of the Devils is Himuro Gemma, the former Yamashiro ninja leader, who had ordered his team's members to kill each other to cover up the location of the goldmine five years earlier. Jubei, who had been forced to kill his comrades to survive, decapitated Gemma in revenge; Gemma survived due to his immortality.
Jubei is attacked by another Devil, Benisato, but he is saved by Kagero; before she can be questioned, Benisato is killed from afar by Yurimaru, Gemma's right-hand man, for failing her mission. Kagero agrees to work alongside Jubei and Dakuan, who informs Jubei that her body is infused with such deadly toxins | 12,079 |
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that anyone who kisses or sleeps with her dies, which was why Jubei could kill Tessai.
The trio arrive in Shimoda, where they discover that the villagers died due to their water supply being poisoned, making it appear that they were killed by a plague. Jubei and Kagero fend off attacks from three of the Devils – Mushizo, Zakuro and Utsutsu Mujuro; Jubei succeeds in killing Mushizo and Utsutsu. After finding the beached ship, Kagero deduces that the gold has been taken to Kashima Harbour, where it will be transported to the Shogun of the Dark in another ship.
Jubei, Kagero and Dakuan arrive at Kashima, which has been evacuated due to the townspeople's fear of the plague. While Jubei battles | 12,080 |
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another Devil, Shijima, Kagero sends a message to Sakaki Hyobu, the Mochizuki chamberlain, to bring his army to the harbour. She also learns from Dakuan that Jubei's poisoning will only be cured if he copulates with her – the poisons in her body will counteract his. Kagero is captured by Shijima, and Jubei kills him, rescuing her once more. Kagero asks Jubei to sleep with her to cure himself. He decides against it, and upon the arrival of the Shogun of the Dark's envoy in a ship, he leaves to prevent the gold reaching its destination.
Kagero arrives to meet Sakaki, but he stabs her, revealing himself to be Gemma in disguise. Enraged, Jubei fights through waves of ninjas, but is nearly killed | 12,081 |
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by Yurimaru. A gunpowder-rigged rat, left as a trap by Zakuro for Yurimaru for rejecting her advances, kills him, allowing Jubei to escape. He finds Kagero; mortally wounded, she admits her love for him and they kiss, curing Jubei's poisoning. Before dying, Kagero gives Jubei her headband.
Jubei and Dakuan board the departing ship. On board, Gemma reveals his true intentions to the Shogun of the Dark's envoy (who he kills) – he intends to use the gold to raise a ninja army to terrorize Japan, rather than serve as an ally to the Toyotomi. During an altercation with Zakuro, Jubei and Dakuan set the ship ablaze. As Jubei and Gemma engage in a brutal fight, the gold becomes molten and engulfs Gemma, | 12,082 |
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who sinks to the bottom of the sea. Afterwards, Dakuan thanks Jubei, and expresses admiration for his and Kagero's humanity. Jubei resumes his vagabond lifestyle, with Kagero's headband tied around his sword's hilt.
# Cast.
## Characters.
- : The main protagonist; a vagabond ninja who once served the Yamashiro clan and is blackmailed by Dakuan into fighting the Eight Devils of Kimon. A wisecracking, cynical figure with a strong moral sense, his skill and speed with his sword are such that he is able to attack opponents and destroy objects using the winds created by his slashes. The character was inspired by the famed Japanese folk hero Yagyū Jūbei Mitsuyoshi.
- : The food taster for the | 12,083 |
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Mochizuki clan's Chamberlain, and the only kunoichi in the clan's Koga ninja team. Kagero has an immunity to poisons as her body itself is infused with toxins; anyone who sleeps with or even kisses her dies shortly thereafter. She is also able to conjure pollens and flower petals that are mixed with a powerful incapacitating agent. The character is a homage to Futaro Yamada's first novel in the "Ninpōchō" series, "The Kouga Ninja Scrolls".
- : A shady Tokugawa spy who is also sent to investigate and stop the Eight Demons of Kimon and their employer, the Shogun of the Dark. He is able to elongate his limbs and body, blend in with his surroundings, and can use a staff that allows him to vault | 12,084 |
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long distances.
- The Mochizuki clan chamberlain, he sends Kagero and the clan's Koga ninja team to investigate the plague in Shimoda and she sends her reports to him throughout the film.
- : The lord of the Koga ninja team. He is killed by Tessai, and his body is used as a booby trap by Zakuro.
### The Eight Devils of Kimon.
The are eight demonic ninjas with supernatural powers, seven of which were gathered under Himuro Gemma's leadership after he reincarnated himself from Jubei's ambush, and appear to serve under the Shogun of the Dark.
- : The leader of the Eight Devils of Kimon and the last demon to be defeated. Gemma formerly served under the Yamashiro clan and was decapitated by Jubei | 12,085 |
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prior to the film's events, but has acquired immortality by mastering control of his body down to the tiniest bone and blood, allowing him to reconnect any severed body parts, including his head. Gemma can also shapeshift as a side effect of his mastery over his entire body. He cannot be killed due to his immortality, but he is instead encased in molten gold and trapped at the bottom of the sea for eternity. Gemma is bisexual, as he is involved in a polyamourous but strained relationship with Yurimaru and Benisato.
- : The first demon to be defeated, he is an incredibly large man who has the ability to turn his skin to stone. He fights with a double-bladed sword, which he can hurl great distances | 12,086 |
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and have it return like a boomerang. He is essentially invulnerable until his skin falls apart as a result of him being poisoned by Kagero while trying to rape her; this allows Jubei to kill him by cutting his fingers, resulting in him being impaled by his own sword due to his inability to catch it.
- : The second demon to be defeated, and the female lover of Gemma. She is a seductive woman who has snake tattoos all over her body that can come to life; she also can summon a larger quantity of snakes to envelop her victims and shed her skin. She is killed by Yurimaru after she fails to kill Jubei, but also because of Yurimaru's jealousy towards her for being Gemma's lover.
- : The third demon | 12,087 |
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to be defeated, he is a hunchbacked warrior who holds a hornet's nest in his back. He wields a two-pronged spear and is able to control his hornets to do his bidding, as well as shoot needles from his throat. He is killed by Jubei in a fight underwater when the Hornets try to escape from their hive, fatally stinging their master.
- : The fourth demon to be defeated, he is a blind swordsman who challenges Jubei to a fight to the death in a bamboo forest. He uses his uncanny hearing abilities to seek out his enemies and can blind them by reflecting light from his sword. He is the only Devil of Kimon without any apparent supernatural powers. He is killed by Jubei due to Kagero's sword blocking | 12,088 |
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his own, which he could not hear, making it appear as if Jubei had blocked and attacked him at the same time.
- : The fifth demon to be defeated, he has the ability to merge into the shadows, create clones of himself, fire a large metallic claw from his hand, and possess peoples' minds. He is killed by Jubei while rescuing Kagero (whom Shijima had hypnotized to try to kill Jubei) when Jubei throws his sword into the shadows just as Shijima attempts to hide in them.
- : The sixth demon to be defeated, he is the right-hand-man and male lover of Gemma. Yurimaru has the ability to generate electricity from his body and can combine this ability with a steel wire that he wraps around a target's | 12,089 |
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neck to conduct the electricity. Zakuro "accidentally" blows him up during his fight with Jubei, due to her hatred towards him after Yurimaru rejected her advances.
- : The seventh demon to be defeated, she has the ability to manipulate gunpowder and plants them inside living or dead organisms, having them move as explosive traps. She is in love with Yurimaru, who instead loves Gemma. Eventually, she becomes very vengeful and takes revenge against Yurimaru for rejecting her. She is killed by Dakuan and Jubei on the ship when they ignite her gunpowder body.
# Release.
The film was licensed by Manga Entertainment in Australia and North America until 2012 while its UK subsidiary kept the license | 12,090 |
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and released the movie in a Blu-ray steelbook format in October 2012. The film has since been re-licensed in North America to Sentai Filmworks who re-released the film on DVD and Blu-ray in December 2012.
In 1995, the BBFC cut the UK version by approximately 52 seconds, removing the sexual assault scene and images of throwing stars. These cuts were waived for the 2004 10th Anniversary release. "Ninja Scroll" was released in Australia by Manga UK in 1995 uncut with the MA15+ classification. In 1997 after it was screened on SBS, former Attorney-General Philip Ruddock controversially appealed the film's original classification and successfully had the classification upgraded to R18+ with no cuts. | 12,091 |
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In January 1998 it broadcast twice on midnights on the new Teletoon station in Canada along with the Macross Plus trilogy.
GKIDS later announced that it would distribute the film within North America, with a theatrical release scheduled for April 2018.
In 2000 when Manga and Madman Entertainment released "Ninja Scroll" on DVD, Madman mistakenly used the UK cut of the film instead of using the uncut Australian version. This was rectified in 2004 when Manga Entertainment released the "10th Anniversary Special Edition of Ninja Scroll" into western countries, and both Australia and the UK received "Ninja Scroll" uncut and remastered from a PAL VHS source. In Canada the film was given an 18A rating, | 12,092 |
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while it was released Unrated in the United States. The film was released on Blu-ray in Japan on May 23, 2012.
# Soundtrack.
The film's score was composed by Kaoru Wada. In the United States, the soundtrack was originally released on CD in 2003 by ADV Music under licence from Toho with the title "Jubei Ninpucho Ninja Scroll (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)". Following ADV's closure, Milan Records re-released the album in 2015 on CD and digital music formats. In 2016, Milan also released the album on LP with a slightly different track listing and cover art by "Godzilla" artist Yuji Kaida; this release was limited to 500 copies.
## Track listing.
All tracks written by Kaoru Wada except | 12,093 |
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"To Those Who Face The Wind" and "Somewhere, Faraway, Everyone Is Listening To A Ballad", by Ryouhei Yamanashi (music) and Sho Jitsukawa (lyrics).
CD/digital release, 2003/2015:
LP release, 2016:
# Reception.
"Ninja Scroll" won the Citizen's Award at the 1993 Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 93%, based on 14 reviews, with an average rating of 7.5/10.
During the 1990s, "Ninja Scroll" was among the most popular anime movies outside Japan, along with such movies as "Akira" and "Ghost in the Shell". The North American video release of "Ninja Scroll" had sold more than 70,000 copies by May 1996, becoming Manga | 12,094 |
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Entertainment's best-selling title at the time. In February 2004, "Cinefantastique" listed the anime as one of the "10 Essential Animations".
Theron from "Anime News Network" exclaims that the "action scenes sizzle with energy and powerful maneuvers unencumbered by tiresome dramatics" and describe the plot as "mostly exists just to set up conflicts between the protagonists and the Devils of Kimon and allow various characters to show off their colorful ninja techniques". He concluded that ""Ninja Scroll"s story is too thin for it to ever legitimately be considered one of the all-time great anime movies" but considers it to be a classic.
# Legacy.
## Anime series.
A Japanese animated television | 12,095 |
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series named "Ninja Scroll: The Series" aired in Japan in 2003 and ran for 13 episodes. The series is a stand-alone sequel to the film; however, many references suggest that it is indeed a continuation. In the series, Jubei gets caught in the middle of a battle between the Kimon clan and the Hiruko clan. He meets up with the Light Maiden Shigure, a young lady whose village was destroyed by the Kimon clan and whom Jubei was charged with delivering a Dragon Stone to. The duo are joined by Tsubute (a young thief) and Dakuan (Tokugawa shogunate spy), and together they try to find out why both the Kimon and the Hiruko clan are after her and why the Dragon Stone she carries is so important to them. | 12,096 |
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The show was directed by Tatsuo Sato ("Martian Successor Nadesico"), with character design done by Takahiro Yoshimatsu ("Trigun").
## Sequel.
In August 2008, Madhouse announced that an official sequel was in the works with Kawajiri returning to write and direct. In July 2012, the studio released a teaser trailer for a "three-episode short animation" titled "Ninja Scroll Burst", intended to attract investors to the project. In February 2014, Madhouse CEO Hiroyuki Okada confirmed that Kawajiri had a finished script, tentatively titled "Ninja Scroll Kocho", and that production would move ahead as soon as financing had been secured. He also divulged that the studio was experiencing difficulty | 12,097 |
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finding investors due to the fact that the original film was "not a big hit in Japan". As of 2019, the project remains in limbo.
In North America, the "Ninja Resurrection" anime films were marketed as sequels to "Ninja Scroll", but were actually based on an unrelated story and created by a different animation studio. The only similarity shared by the films is a lead character with the given name "Jubei".
## Comics.
In September 2006, WildStorm launched a 12-issue "Ninja Scroll" comic book series written by J. Torres, which follows the further adventures of Jubei.
## Live-action adaptation.
In October 2008, it was reported that Warner Bros. had acquired the rights to develop a live-action | 12,098 |
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o develop a live-action adaptation of "Ninja Scroll", with Leonardo DiCaprio's Appian Way Productions, Madhouse, and Japanese producer Jungo Maruta also involved in the project. Screenwriter Alex Tse, who co-wrote the 2009 film "Watchmen", was hired to write the screenplay. In April 2009, it was reported that DiCaprio would act as producer, and was considering casting the Japanese boy band SMAP in the lead roles. In October 2015, "Dracula Untold" director Gary Shore revealed he had once been attached to direct the film, releasing a proof of concept trailer he had produced with motion capture by 87Eleven and animation by The Third Floor. As of 2018, the production remains in development hell. | 12,099 |
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