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621128 | Culture of Haiti | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Haiti | Culture of Haiti
Culture of Haiti
The culture of Haiti is an eclectic mix of African, Taino and European elements due to the French colonization of Saint Domingue and its large and diverse enslaved African population, as is evidenced in the Haitian language, music, and religion.
# Art.
Brilliant colors, naïve perspective, and sly humor characterize Haitian art. Big, delectable foods and lush landscapes are favorite subjects in this land of poverty and hunger. Going to market is the most social activity of country life, and figures prominently into the subject matter. Jungle animals, rituals, dances, and gods evoke the African past.
Artists paint in fable as well. People are disguised as animals and animals | 13,300 |
621128 | Culture of Haiti | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Haiti | Culture of Haiti
are transformed into people. Symbols take on great meaning. For example, a rooster often represents Aristide and the red and blue colors of the flag of Haiti, often represent his Lavalas party.
Many artists cluster in 'school' of painting, such as the Cap-Haïtien school, which features depictions of daily life in the city, the Jacmel School, which reflects the steep mountains and bays of that coastal town, or the Saint-Soleil School, which is characterized by abstracted human forms, and is heavily influenced by Vodou symbolism.
# Architecture.
Haiti's most famous monuments are the Sans-Souci Palace and the Citadelle Laferrière, inscribed as a World Heritage site in 1982. Situated in the Northern | 13,301 |
621128 | Culture of Haiti | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Haiti | Culture of Haiti
Massif de la Hotte, in one of Haiti's National Parks, the structures date from the early 19th century. The buildings were among the first to be built after Haiti's independence from France.
Jacmel, the colonial city that was tentatively accepted as a World Heritage site, is reported to be extensively damaged by the 2010 Haiti earthquake.
Since the earthquake of 2010, architecture has taken a huge turn. With damages at an estimated 10 million dollars, architectural measures were taken immediately. Directly after the earthquake Article 25 of the UK gained about 350 architects in 2010 looking to help rebuild Haiti. There was also a great effort made by the U.S. through the Architecture for Humanity | 13,302 |
621128 | Culture of Haiti | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Haiti | Culture of Haiti
effort that was iniated after the earthquake. The architecture style became very reasonable and involved minimalistic and functional style to help rebuild the damage in the most efficient way possible. There has also been a strong initiative to build more open-air clinics that are designed with health precautions as a huge priority.
# Cuisine.
The French influences in Haiti are present in their cuisine, but more so it is representative of their location in the Caribbean. They do however have their own flavor as a result of the lack of Spanish influence on their island compared to others in the Caribbean. The cooking style used in Haiti is predominately Creole and includes heavy use of pepper | 13,303 |
621128 | Culture of Haiti | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Haiti | Culture of Haiti
in the majority of their dishes. A main staple in Haiti Is starch, and many of their dishes include potatoes, rice, corn, beans, and plantains.
There is also a strong presence of tropical fruits in their cuisine due to their ability to grow in the tropical climate. This includes pineapples, coconuts, mangoes, and other fruits that are used for many dishes and beverages. Food also has importance in religious and status-symbol type forms. Foods that are considered delicacies in Haiti include French inspired cheeses and meats and are a symbol of money and power. Typically these types of meals are only served in the richest part of Haiti, namely in the capital of Port-au-Prince. As Far as Religious | 13,304 |
621128 | Culture of Haiti | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Haiti | Culture of Haiti
meals go, the Catholics in Haiti typically enjoy more elaborate meals during Christmas Eve.
# Fashion.
In Haiti, the quadrille dress is called a "karabela dress". Traditional male attire for dances, weddings, and other formal wear is the linen shirt jacket.
# Festivals.
The most festive time of the year in Haiti is during Carnival (referred to as "Kanaval" in Haitian Creole or Mardi Gras). The festivities start in February. The cities are filled with music, parade floats, and people dancing and singing in the streets. Carnival week is traditionally a time of all-night parties and escape from daily life. This is a significant time for Haitian musicians for an opportunity to showcase their | 13,305 |
621128 | Culture of Haiti | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Haiti | Culture of Haiti
talents and expand their audience by performing for Carnival crowds. Rara, a festival which occurs before Easter, is celebrated by a significant number of the population as well, and its celebration has been led to it becoming a style of Carnival music. Many of the youth also attend parties and enjoy themselves at nightclubs called "discos", (pronounced "deece-ko") (not like the discos of the U.S), and attend "Bal". This term derives from the word ballad, and these events are often celebrated by crowds of many people.
# Folklore and mythology.
Haiti is known for its rich folklore traditions. The country has many magical tales that are part of the Haitian Vodou tradition. The Haitian dictator | 13,306 |
621128 | Culture of Haiti | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Haiti | Culture of Haiti
Papa Doc was a strong believer in the country's folklore and used elements of it to guide his brutal rule of the country.
# Literature.
The first document of Haitian literature is the collective text "Acte de l'Indépendance de la République d'Haïti" (Haitian Declaration of Independence). Since then, Haitian literary culture has been ever-growing and vibrant, recognized both at home and abroad with award-winning authors and large-scale literary events locally and internationally.
# Music and dance.
Haitian music combines a wide range of influences drawn from the many people who have settled on this Caribbean island. It reflects French, African rhythms, Spanish elements and others who have | 13,307 |
621128 | Culture of Haiti | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Haiti | Culture of Haiti
inhabited the island of Hispaniola and minor native Taino influences. Styles of music unique to the nation of Haiti include music derived from Vodou ceremonial traditions, rara parading music, twoubadou "ballads", mini-jazz rock bands, rasin movement, hip hop kreyòl, the wildly popular compas, and méringue as its basic rhythm.
Very popular today is compas, short for "compas direct", made popular by Nemours Jean-Baptiste, on a recording released in 1955. The name derives from "compás", the Spanish word meaning rhythm or tones. It involves mostly medium-to-fast tempo beats with an emphasis on electric guitars, synthesizers, and either a solo alto saxophone, a horn section or the synthesizer equivalent. | 13,308 |
621128 | Culture of Haiti | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Haiti | Culture of Haiti
In Creole, it is spelled as "konpa dirèk" or simply "konpa". It is commonly spelled as it is pronounced as "kompa".
Dancing is an important part of Haitian life. In the case of Vodou, the religious experience of spirit possession is usually accompanied by dancing, singing, and drumming. Carnival and rara celebrations feature exuberant dancing and movement in the streets. Dancing is also a social activity, used for celebrations such as church socials and informal parties, as well as evenings out with friends. In small restaurants, social dance music is provided by relatively small twoubadou groups, while larger clubs with big dance floors often feature dance bands reminiscent of the American | 13,309 |
621128 | Culture of Haiti | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Haiti | Culture of Haiti
big bands in size. Social dance music has been one of the most heavily creolized music forms in Haiti. European dance forms such as the contradanse (kontradans), quadrille, waltz, and polka were introduced to white planter audiences during the colonial period. Musicians, either slaves or freed people of color, learned the European dance forms and adapted them for their own use. One of the most popular African-influenced dance styles was the méringue (mereng in Creole). Along with the carabinier, the méringue was a favorite dance style of the Haitian elite and was a regular feature at elite dances. The Haitian expression, "Mereng ouvri bal, mereng fème ba"; (The mereng opens the ball, the mereng | 13,310 |
621128 | Culture of Haiti | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Haiti | Culture of Haiti
closes the ball) alludes to the popularity and ubiquity of the méringue as an elite entertainment. In nineteenth-century Haiti, the ability to dance the méringue, as well as a host of other dances, was considered a sign of good breeding. Like other creolized dance styles, the méringue was claimed by both elite and proletarian Haitian audiences as a representative expression of Haitian cultural values.
# Religion.
Haiti is similar to the rest of Latin America, in that it is a predominantly Christian country, with 80% Roman Catholic and approximately 16% professing Protestantism. A small population of Muslims and Hindus exist in the country, principally in the capital of Port-au-Prince.
Vodou, | 13,311 |
621128 | Culture of Haiti | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Haiti | Culture of Haiti
encompassing several different traditions, consists of a mix of Central and Western African, European, and Native American (Taíno) religions is also widely practiced, despite the negative stigma that it carries both in and out of the country. The exact number of Vodou practitioners is unknown; however, it is believed that a large amount of the population practice it, often alongside their Christian faith. Some secular Christians also have been known to participate in some rituals, although indirectly.
# Sports.
Football is the most popular sport in Haiti, though basketball is growing in popularity. Hundreds of small football clubs compete at the local level. Stade Sylvio Cator is the multi-purpose | 13,312 |
621128 | Culture of Haiti | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Haiti | Culture of Haiti
stadium in Port-au-Prince, Haiti where it is currently used mostly for association football matches that fits a capacity of 30,000 people.
Haitian football player Joseph Gaetjens played for the United States national team in the 1950 FIFA World Cup, scoring the winning goal in the 1–0 upset of England.
In the early 20th century, it was reported that cockfighting was also a popular sport, though its popularity has since faded.
# Traditional knowledge.
Haiti's traditional knowledge found its first prominent champion in the ethnographer Jean Price-Mars, who's seminal "So spoke the uncle" (in French "Ainsi parla L'oncle") argued in favor of a greater respect and appreciation of Haiti's African-rooted, | 13,313 |
621128 | Culture of Haiti | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Haiti | Culture of Haiti
itional knowledge found its first prominent champion in the ethnographer Jean Price-Mars, who's seminal "So spoke the uncle" (in French "Ainsi parla L'oncle") argued in favor of a greater respect and appreciation of Haiti's African-rooted, largely oral-based peasant culture. Since then numerous authors and thinkers have documented the country's rich and complex traditional knowledge, whether it be in its approach to education and morality, architecture and construction, or botany and medicine.
# See also.
- Public holidays in Haiti
- Cinema of Haiti
- Haitian literature
- Media of Haiti
# Sources.
- Kelsey, Carl (1921) "The American Intervention in Haiti and the Dominican Republic" in | 13,314 |
621155 | List of rivers of Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20rivers%20of%20Kentucky | List of rivers of Kentucky
List of rivers of Kentucky
List of rivers in Kentucky (U.S. state).
# By drainage basin.
This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name. All rivers in Kentucky flow to the Mississippi River, nearly all by virtue of flowing to its major tributary, the Ohio River. Also listed are some important tributaries to the few Kentucky rivers that originate in, or flow through, other states.
- Mississippi River
- Obion Creek
- Mayfield Creek
- Ohio River
- Goose Creek
- Massac Creek
- Tennessee River
- Clarks River
- Blood River
- Cumberland River
- Little River
- Red River
- Obey River (Tennessee)
- Wolf River
- Big South Fork | 13,315 |
621155 | List of rivers of Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20rivers%20of%20Kentucky | List of rivers of Kentucky
of the Cumberland River
- Rockcastle River
- Laurel River
- Clear Fork
- Tradewater River
- Green River
- Panther Creek
- Pond River
- Rough River
- Mud River
- Barren River
- Gasper River
- Little Reedy Creek
- Big Reedy Creek
- Bear Creek
- Nolin River
- Little Barren River
- Russell Creek
- Salt River
- Rolling Fork
- Beech Fork
- Chaplin River
- Floyds Fork
- Beargrass Creek
- Little Kentucky River
- Kentucky River
- Eagle Creek
- Elkhorn Creek
- Benson Creek
- Dix River
- Cedar Creek
- Hickman Creek
- Silver Creek
- Red River
- North Fork Kentucky River
- Middle Fork Kentucky River
- Troublesome Creek
- South Fork Kentucky River
- Goose Creek
- Red | 13,316 |
621155 | List of rivers of Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20rivers%20of%20Kentucky | List of rivers of Kentucky
Bird River
- Taylors Creek
- Licking River
- Banklick Creek
- South Fork Licking River
- Townsend Creek
- North Fork Licking River
- Kinniconick Creek
- Tygarts Creek
- Little Sandy River
- Big Sandy River
- Blaine Creek
- Levisa Fork
- Paint Creek
- Russell Fork
- Tug Fork
- Blackberry Creek
# Alphabetically.
- Banklick Creek
- Barren River
- Beargrass Creek
- Beaver Creek (Kentucky)
- Beech Fork of the Salt River
- Big Sandy River
- Blackberry Creek
- Blood River
- Cassidy Creek
- Cedar Creek
- Chaplin River
- Clarks River
- Clear Creek (Kentucky)
- Clear Fork
- Cruises Creek
- Cumberland River
- Defeated Creek (Knott County, Kentucky)
- Defeated Creek (Letcher | 13,317 |
621155 | List of rivers of Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20rivers%20of%20Kentucky | List of rivers of Kentucky
County, Kentucky)
- Dix River
- Dreaming Creek
- Dry Creek (Kentucky)
- Drennon Creek
- Eddy Creek
- Elkhorn Creek
- Floyds Fork of the Salt River
- Gasper River
- Green River
- Hickman Creek
- Kentucky River
- Laurel River
- Lawrence Creek (Kentucky)
- Levisa Fork of the Big Sandy River
- Licking River
- Little Barren River
- Little Kentucky River
- Little River
- Little Sandy River
- Lynn Camp Creek
- Massac Creek
- Middle Fork Kentucky River
- Mississippi River
- Mistaken Creek
- Mud River
- Nolin River
- North Fork Kentucky River
- Ohio River
- Paint Creek
- Pond River
- Red Bird River
- Red River (eastern Kentucky)
- Red River (western Kentucky)
- Rockcastle | 13,318 |
621155 | List of rivers of Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20rivers%20of%20Kentucky | List of rivers of Kentucky
iver
- Red Bird River
- Red River (eastern Kentucky)
- Red River (western Kentucky)
- Rockcastle River
- Rolling Fork of the Salt River
- Rough River
- Russell Fork of the Big Sandy River
- Salt Lick Creek (Kentucky)
- Salt River
- Sap Branch
- Silver Creek
- Sinking Creek (Breckinridge County, Kentucky)
- Sinking Creek (Jessamine County, Kentucky)
- South Fork Kentucky River
- Squabble Creek
- Tearcoat Creek
- Tennessee River
- Tradewater River
- Tug Fork of the Big Sandy River
- Tygarts Creek
- Wolf River
# References.
- USGS Geographic Names Information Service
- USGS Hydrologic Unit Map – State of Kentucky (1974)
# See also.
- List of rivers in the United States | 13,319 |
621151 | Kentucky River | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kentucky%20River | Kentucky River
Kentucky River
The Kentucky River is a tributary of the Ohio River, long, in the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. The river and its tributaries drain much of the central region of the state, with its upper course passing through the coal-mining regions of the Cumberland Mountains, and its lower course passing through the Bluegrass region in the north central part of the state. Its watershed encompasses about . It supplies drinking water to about one-sixth of the population of the Commonwealth of Kentucky.
The river is no longer navigable above Lock 4 at Frankfort. Concrete bulkheads have been poured behind the upper lock gates of Locks 5-14 to strengthen the weakest link in the dam structures. | 13,320 |
621151 | Kentucky River | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kentucky%20River | Kentucky River
All 14 dams are now under the management of the state-run Kentucky River Authority. The primary importance of the locks today is to maintain a pool that allows the city of Lexington to draw its drinking water from the river. Despite the fact that the Lexington area receives well over of precipitation annually, the limestone, karst geology of that area means that surprisingly little natural surface water is found in the region.
Winchester, Beattyville, Irvine, Richmond, Lancaster, Nicholasville, Harrodsburg, Wilmore, Versailles, Lawrenceburg, and Frankfort also draw water from the river for their municipal water supplies. It is estimated that over 700,000 people depend on the river for water.
# | 13,321 |
621151 | Kentucky River | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kentucky%20River | Kentucky River
Description.
The Kentucky River is formed in eastern Kentucky at Beattyville, in Lee County, by the confluence of the North, Middle and South Forks at about elevation, and flows generally northwest, in a highly meandering course through the mountains, through the Daniel Boone National Forest, then past Irvine and Boonesborough, then southwest, passing south of Lexington, then north through Frankfort. It joins the Ohio at Carrollton.
Approximately southwest of Boonesborough it is joined by the Red River. Approximately southwest of Boonesborough it is joined by Silver Creek. At High Bridge, it is joined by the Dix River. At Frankfort, it is joined by Benson Creek. Approximately north of Frankfort, | 13,322 |
621151 | Kentucky River | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kentucky%20River | Kentucky River
it is joined by Elkhorn Creek.
Between Clays Ferry in Madison County and Frankfort, the river passes through the Kentucky River Palisades, a series of dramatic steep gorges approximately in length.
It continues on until it flows into the Ohio River at Carrollton in Carroll County.
# Forks.
## North Fork.
The North Fork Kentucky River is approximately long. It rises on the western side of Pine Mountain, in the Appalachians of extreme southeastern Kentucky, in eastern Letcher County near the Virginia state line in Payne Gap, near the intersection of US 23 and US 119. It flows generally northwest, in a winding course through the mountainous Cumberland Plateau, past Whitesburg, Hazard and Jackson. | 13,323 |
621151 | Kentucky River | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kentucky%20River | Kentucky River
It receives Rockhouse Creek at Blackey near its source. Approximately southeast of Hazard, it receives the Carr Fork. It receives Troublesome Creek at Haddix, southeast of Jackson. Three miles upstream from its confluence with the South Fork, it receives the Middle Fork. It joins the South Fork to form the Kentucky at Beattyville.
## Middle Fork.
The Middle Fork Kentucky River is a tributary of the North Fork Kentucky River, approximately long, in southeastern Kentucky. It rises in the Appalachian Mountains in southernmost Leslie County, approximately from the Virginia state line, and flows north through the Cumberland Plateau past Hyden. At Buckhorn, it is impounded to form the Buckhorn Lake | 13,324 |
621151 | Kentucky River | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kentucky%20River | Kentucky River
reservoir. North of the reservoir it flows generally northwest and joins the North Fork in Lee County, approximately east of the confluence of the North and South forks at Beattyville.
## South Fork.
The South Fork Kentucky River is approximately long. It is formed in Clay County, at the town of Oneida in the Daniel Boone National Forest, approximately northeast of Manchester, by the confluence of Goose Creek and the Red Bird River. It flows generally north in a highly meandering course through the mountainous Cumberland Plateau region. It joins the North Fork to form the Kentucky at Beattyville.
# Floods.
Kentucky River flooding has been recorded since the early 1800s. Swiss immigrant and | 13,325 |
621151 | Kentucky River | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kentucky%20River | Kentucky River
lock-keeper, Frank Wurtz, recorded the floods from 1867 on and spoke with local farmers to learn of earlier ones. They told him of great floods in 1817, 1832, 1847, and 1854. Wurtz documented the floods of 1867, 1880, and 1883, which he claims was five feet taller than the high tide of the 1847 flood. The waters of the 1883 flood washed his post away.
On January 1 1919, the waters rose 10 feet in ten hours at Frankfort, dealing damage to many smaller towns along the river. In November of the same year, the waters rose 3 feet in one hour at Frankfort. In 1920, flooding caused the sewers in Frankfort to back up. There was also major flooding in early 1924 and late December 1926.
A terrible storm | 13,326 |
621151 | Kentucky River | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kentucky%20River | Kentucky River
hit northern Kentucky in 1927 with lightning so great one resident was quoted saying, "the lightening was so intense, the whole country could be seen." The flooding from this bad weather particularly hurt Neon, Whitesburg, and Hazard. Hundreds were forced from their homes.
## Politics of flooding in the 1930s.
Throughout the 1930s, the area, already suffering from the economic depression, had to deal with several floods, including a particularly bad one in 1936. In January 1937, of rain fell across the state. Taylorsville had of rain on January 24th alone. As the Ohio river flooded, it backed up and into the Kentucky. Maysville declared martial law. The crest reached tall, and flooded half | 13,327 |
621151 | Kentucky River | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kentucky%20River | Kentucky River
of Frankfort, completely isolating the Old State House. 95% of Paducah was inundated. In all, of the Ohio valley were flooded.
The 1937 flooding caused civil unrest. The cold, meeting with water, caused many displaced people extra trouble. In the Kentucky State Reformatory, the water rose to in the walls. With the downstairs population moving up a floor, racial tensions erupted. 24 prisoners made to escape, but after a warning shot was fired, only one man left. There was no clean water or food, and so the population of 2900 was moved to the "feeble-minded institute" on the hill next to the prison. Carpenters were brought in to build small, temporary housing units. Due to the unrest the prison | 13,328 |
621151 | Kentucky River | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kentucky%20River | Kentucky River
riots brought to Frankfort, the National Guard was brought in to oversee the makeshift prison. The prisoners considered to be too dangerous for the setting were sent to Lawrenceburg and Lexington. The governor at the time, Happy Chandler, pushed extra hard for the completion of a new prison in LaGrange, and the Kentucky State Reformatory never opened again.
While the public was still dealing with the effects of the flooding, Kentucky Utilities opened the Dix Dam spillways, which added more height to the flood waters. When it was turned off, extra of water were added. In Mercer county, the ferry connecting to the shore of Woodford washed away and was never replaced. Every town in Madison county | 13,329 |
621151 | Kentucky River | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kentucky%20River | Kentucky River
the rested next to the river flooded, including Doylesville, College Hill, Valley View, Clay's Ferry, and Boonesborough. Richmond took in refugees from Louisville. A flood in 1939 rose slightly higher in Hazard than the flood in 1937.
People demanded the national government do more for floods, and the Corps of Engineers handled most of the issues, but the mass floodings of the 1930s forced Congress to get more active. At first, simple fixes like channel improvement were pushed, but eventually larger projects like levees and flood walls were pushed. State geologist, Willard Rouse Jillson opposed Insull's Cumberland river dam project but strongly supported dams for flood protection along the | 13,330 |
621151 | Kentucky River | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kentucky%20River | Kentucky River
Kentucky river and others.
Kentucky Hydro-Electric began pushing for a dam above Booneville on the South Fork as early as 1925. For a variety of reasons, many people protested this, including the fact that the dam would back up South Fork for over . In 1939, President Franklin Roosevelt signed legislation to promote the studying of different Ohio valley rivers, including the Kentucky.
# Recreation.
The largest goldeye ever taken in the state of Kentucky () was caught in the Kentucky River.
# See also.
- List of rivers of Kentucky
# References.
- Clark, Thomas D. "The Kentucky". The Rivers of America Series, 1942. reprinted 1969 by Henry Clay Press
- Collins, Robert F. "A History of the | 13,331 |
621151 | Kentucky River | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kentucky%20River | Kentucky River
of America Series, 1942. reprinted 1969 by Henry Clay Press
- Collins, Robert F. "A History of the Daniel Boone National Forest". (1975)
- Arthur Benke & Colbert Cushing, "Rivers of North America". Elsevier Academic Press, 2005
- Rhodes, Captain Rick, "The Ohio River --In American History and Voyaging on Today's River" has a section on the Kentucky River; Heron Island Guides, 2007,
# External links.
- Kentucky River Authority
- NWS: Kentucky River Watershed Watch
- Kentucky River Museum in Boonesbourough
- Kentucky River Water Quality
- Kentucky River Palisades
- Flood Inundation Maps for a 6.5-mile Reach of the Kentucky River at Frankfort, Kentucky United States Geological Survey | 13,332 |
621163 | International Standard Bibliographic Description | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International%20Standard%20Bibliographic%20Description | International Standard Bibliographic Description
International Standard Bibliographic Description
The International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) is a set of rules produced by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) to create a bibliographic description in a standard, human-readable form, especially for use in a bibliography or a library catalog. A preliminary consolidated edition of the ISBD was published in 2007 and the consolidated edition was published in 2011, superseding earlier separate ISBDs for monographs, older monographic publications, cartographic materials, serials and other continuing resources, electronic resources, non-book materials, and printed music. IFLA's ISBD Review Group | 13,333 |
621163 | International Standard Bibliographic Description | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International%20Standard%20Bibliographic%20Description | International Standard Bibliographic Description
is responsible for maintaining the ISBD.
One of the original purposes of the ISBD was to provide a standard form of bibliographic description that could be used to exchange records internationally. This would support IFLA's Universal Bibliographic Control program.
# Structure of an ISBD record.
The ISBD defines nine areas of description. Each area, except area 7, is composed of multiple elements with structured classifications. Elements and areas that do not apply to a particular resource are omitted from the description. Standardized punctuation (colons, semicolons, slashes, dashes, commas, and periods) is used to identify and separate the elements and areas. The order of elements and standardized | 13,334 |
621163 | International Standard Bibliographic Description | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International%20Standard%20Bibliographic%20Description | International Standard Bibliographic Description
punctuation make it easier to interpret bibliographic records when one does not understand the language of the description.
- 0: Content form and media type area
- 1: Title and statement of responsibility area, consisting of
- 1.1 Title proper
- 1.2 Parallel title
- 1.3 Other title information
- 1.4 Statement of responsibility
- 2: Edition area
- 3: Material or type of resource specific area (e.g., the scale of a map or the numbering of a periodical)
- 4: Publication, production, distribution, etc., area
- 5: Material description area (e.g., number of pages in a book or number of CDs issued as a unit)
- 6: Series area
- 7: Notes area
- 8: Resource identifier and terms of availability | 13,335 |
621163 | International Standard Bibliographic Description | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International%20Standard%20Bibliographic%20Description | International Standard Bibliographic Description
area (e.g., ISBN, ISSN)
# Example.
A typical ISBD record looks like this:
Text : unmediated
A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations : Chicago style for students and researchers / Kate L. Turabian ; revised by Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, and University of Chicago Press editorial staff. — 7th ed. — Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 2007. — xviii, 466 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. — (Chicago guides to writing, editing, and publishing). — Includes bibliographical references (p. 409-435) and index. — (cloth : alk. paper) : USD35.00. — (pbk. : alk. paper) : USD17.00
# See also.
- Bibliographic control
- ISO 690
- Supply chain management
- Anglo-American | 13,336 |
621163 | International Standard Bibliographic Description | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International%20Standard%20Bibliographic%20Description | International Standard Bibliographic Description
Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 2007. — xviii, 466 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. — (Chicago guides to writing, editing, and publishing). — Includes bibliographical references (p. 409-435) and index. — (cloth : alk. paper) : USD35.00. — (pbk. : alk. paper) : USD17.00
# See also.
- Bibliographic control
- ISO 690
- Supply chain management
- Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR)
- Resource Description and Access (RDA)
- Library catalog
- MARC standards
- BIBFRAME
# External links.
- ISBD Review Group
- "ISBD Consolidated edition" (2011 version, full text)
- "ISBD Consolidated edition" (2011 version, contents only)
- "Full ISBD Examples" (2013 version, full examples in 16 languages) | 13,337 |
621157 | David Zinman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Zinman | David Zinman
David Zinman
David Zinman (born July 9, 1936 in New York City, United States) is an American conductor and violinist.
# Biography and career.
After early violin studies at the Oberlin Conservatory, Zinman studied theory and composition at the University of Minnesota, earning his M.A. in 1963, and took up conducting at Tanglewood. He then worked in Maine with Pierre Monteux from 1958 to 1962, serving as his assistant from 1961 to 1964.
Zinman held the post of "tweede dirigent" (second conductor) of the Netherlands Chamber Orchestra from 1965 to 1977. He was the principal conductor of the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra from 1979 to 1982.
In the USA, Zinman was music director of the Rochester | 13,338 |
621157 | David Zinman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Zinman | David Zinman
Philharmonic Orchestra from 1974 to 1985. With the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, he was principal guest conductor for two years before becoming the orchestra's music director in 1985. During his Baltimore tenure, he began to implement ideas from the historically informed performance movement in his interpretations of the Beethoven symphonies. At the end of his Baltimore tenure in 1998, Zinman was named the orchestra's conductor laureate. However, in protest at what he saw as the Baltimore orchestra's overly conservative programming in the years since his departure, he renounced that title in 2001. In 1998, Zinman was the Music Director of the Ojai Music Festival alongside pianist Mitsuko Uchida. | 13,339 |
621157 | David Zinman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Zinman | David Zinman
In 1998, he was appointed music director of the Aspen Music Festival and School, where he founded and directed its American Academy of Conducting until his sudden resignation in April 2010.
Zinman became music director of the Tonhalle-Orchester Zürich in 1995. His innovative programming with that orchestra includes a series of late-night concerts, "Tonhalle Late", which combine classical music and a nightclub setting. His recordings for Arte Nova of the complete Beethoven symphonies were based on the new Jonathan Del Mar critical edition and was acclaimed by critics. He has subsequently recorded Beethoven overtures and concertos with the Tonhalle. He conducted the Tonhalle Orchestra in its | 13,340 |
621157 | David Zinman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Zinman | David Zinman
first-ever appearance at The Proms in 2003. In 2009, he conducted the Tonhalle in the soundtrack for the feature film "180° - If your world is suddenly upside down". He concluded his Tonhalle music directorship on July 21, 2014 with a concert at The Proms.
# Other activities.
Zinman also conducted for the soundtrack of the 1993 film version of the New York City Ballet production of Tchaikovsky's "Nutcracker". His 1992 recording of Henryk Górecki’s "Symphony no.3" with Dawn Upshaw and the London Sinfonietta was an international bestseller. In January 2006, he received the Theodore Thomas Award presented by the Conductors' Guild.
Zinman and his wife reside in New Jersey, United States.
# External | 13,341 |
621157 | David Zinman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Zinman | David Zinman
# Other activities.
Zinman also conducted for the soundtrack of the 1993 film version of the New York City Ballet production of Tchaikovsky's "Nutcracker". His 1992 recording of Henryk Górecki’s "Symphony no.3" with Dawn Upshaw and the London Sinfonietta was an international bestseller. In January 2006, he received the Theodore Thomas Award presented by the Conductors' Guild.
Zinman and his wife reside in New Jersey, United States.
# External links.
- David Zinman official website
- David Zinman official Blog
- David Zinman at Art of the States
- David Zinman at Sony Classical
Selected Discography
Elgar- Enigma Variations/Cockaigne Overture (Baltimore Symphony Orchestra) Telarc 1989 | 13,342 |
621170 | HMHS | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMHS | HMHS
HMHS
HMHS may refer to:
- Humana Military Healthcare Services, an American military health care provider
- Her or His Majesty's Hospital Ship, a ship prefix; see List of hospitals and hospital ships of the Royal Navy
# Schools.
- Haddonfield Memorial High School, Camden County, New Jersey, United States
- Haiphong Maritime High School, Haiphong, Vietnam
- Hanson Memorial High School, Franklin, Louisiana, United States
- Harvey Milk High School, New York City, United States
- Hercules Middle/High School, Hercules, California, United States | 13,343 |
621171 | Saburo Ishikura | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saburo%20Ishikura | Saburo Ishikura
Saburo Ishikura
Saburo Ishikura (石倉 三郎 "Ishikura Saburō", born December 16, 1946 in Kagawa, Japan) is a Japanese actor that has acted in several movies directed by Beat Takeshi. He has also appeared in a few of Takeshi's recent films which include "Zatoichi" (2003) as Boss Ogi and "Asakusa Kid" (2002). He has also made an appearance in Gaki No Tsukai Batsu, "Newspaper Agency" as a man in a golf bag. | 13,344 |
621176 | Interpretability | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Interpretability | Interpretability
Interpretability
In mathematical logic, interpretability is a relation between formal theories that expresses the possibility of interpreting or translating one into the other.
# Informal definition.
Assume T and S are formal theories. Slightly simplified, T is said to be "interpretable" in S if and only if the language of T can be translated into the language of S in such a way that S proves the translation of every theorem of T. Of course, there are some natural conditions on admissible translations here, such as the necessity for a translation to preserve the logical structure of formulas.
This concept, together with weak interpretability, was introduced by Alfred Tarski in 1953. Three | 13,345 |
621176 | Interpretability | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Interpretability | Interpretability
on admissible translations here, such as the necessity for a translation to preserve the logical structure of formulas.
This concept, together with weak interpretability, was introduced by Alfred Tarski in 1953. Three other related concepts are cointerpretability, logical tolerance, and cotolerance, introduced by Giorgi Japaridze in 1992–93.
# See also.
- Interpretation (logic)
- Interpretation (model theory)
- Interpretability logic
# References.
- Japaridze, G., and De Jongh, D. (1998) "The logic of provability" in Buss, S., ed., "Handbook of Proof Theory". North-Holland: 476-546.
- Alfred Tarski, Andrzej Mostowski, and Raphael Robinson (1953) "Undecidable Theories". North-Holland. | 13,346 |
621180 | Walensee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walensee | Walensee
Walensee
The Walensee is one of the larger lakes in Switzerland. About 2/3 of its surface in the Canton of St. Gallen and about 1/3 in the Canton of Glarus. It is also known as "Lake Walen" or "Lake Walenstadt", after Walenstadt. Other towns and villages at the lake include: Weesen, Quinten, Quarten, and Murg.
The three main rivers leading to this lake are the Seez, Murgbach, and Linth. The latter continues its course from Walensee to Lake Zurich. The Schnittlauchinsel, located at the eastern end of the lake, is the only island in the Walensee.
The Churfirsten range raises steeply on the north side from the lake's level at 419 m to 2,306 m above sea level. On the south, the lake is overlooked | 13,347 |
621180 | Walensee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walensee | Walensee
o Lake Zurich. The Schnittlauchinsel, located at the eastern end of the lake, is the only island in the Walensee.
The Churfirsten range raises steeply on the north side from the lake's level at 419 m to 2,306 m above sea level. On the south, the lake is overlooked by the massif of the Mürtschenstock, culminating at 2,441 m. The highest point of the lake's drainage basin is the Tödi (3,614 m).
The lake provided the inspiration for a solo piano piece by Hungarian romantic composer Franz Liszt, called Au lac de Wallenstadt. The piece is part of a collection of solo piano works inspired by the composer's travels to Switzerland in the 1830s.
# External links.
- Waterlevels of Walensee at Murg | 13,348 |
621189 | Perineal massage | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perineal%20massage | Perineal massage
Perineal massage
Antenatal perineal massage (APM) or birth canal widening (BCW) is the massage of a pregnant woman's perineum around the opening to the vagina, performed anywhere in the 4 to 6 weeks before childbirth and usually on 4-6 separate occasions. The practice aims to more gently mimic the massaging action of a baby's head on the opening to the birth canal prior to birth, which enables some of the hard work of labour to be done before the start of labour. The intention is to attempt to prevent tearing of the perineum during birth, and reduce the need for an episiotomy or an instrument (forceps or vacuum extraction) delivery.
# Description.
The Oxford Radcliffe NHS Trust Document "Antenatal | 13,349 |
621189 | Perineal massage | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perineal%20massage | Perineal massage
Perineal Massage" 2011 describes the use of the pregnant mother's thumbs being placed just inside the birth canal, whilst she stands with one foot supported on the toilet. She pulls backwards towards her spine, whilst relaxing her pelvic floor, progressively increasing the pressure under her finger tips until this starts to feel uncomfortable. On the next occasion she uses both thumbs pulling backwards and then sideways, thumbs away from each other, to enlarge the 2 cm diameter opening of the birth canal progressively over time to 10 cm. It is not possible to stretch this opening further causing damage, because this will be limited by the distance between the bony walls of the pelvis.
# Purposes.
The | 13,350 |
621189 | Perineal massage | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perineal%20massage | Perineal massage
goal of APM is to prevent the baby's head from undergoing excessive strain during the last 30 minutes of labour. It seeks to train the mother to relax her pelvic floor to allow the baby's head to pass through the opening, to stretch the two fibrous layers within the Uro-Genital Membrane, a triangular shaped muscular shelf at the front half of the opening of the bony pelvis, through which the 2 cm diameter birth canal and urethra pass, and to transform the fat packed rigid skin at the opening to the birth canal into paper thin stretchy elastic skin, all without using the baby's head.
If the external skin (perineal skin) opening has been stretched before birth, to 10 cm, then there is no reason | 13,351 |
621189 | Perineal massage | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perineal%20massage | Perineal massage
to perform an episiotomy to increase the diameter of the opening of the birth canal. Tearing is less likely as the external skin at the opening has been stretched already and is lax, whilst the underlying muscular pelvic floor has not been damaged. Episiotomy permanently damages the pelvic floor muscle, as the episiotomy cuts through the nerve supply to this muscle, so the larger part of the pelvic floor muscles atrophies and becomes replaced by scar tissue, increasing the mother's chance of developing a prolapse in the future. Antenatal Perineal Massage does not damage the pelvic floor, so protects against a prolapse.
# History.
Antenatal perineal massage or pre-birth obstetric massage (birth | 13,352 |
621189 | Perineal massage | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perineal%20massage | Perineal massage
canal widening) was reportedly used by African tribal people. The German obstetrician Mr Welheim Horkel, when visiting a medical mission in the mid-1980s, learned that African tribes used gourds of increasing sizes to stretch the perineum. He replicated this in a hospital setting using an inflatable silicone balloon.
West Berkshire England performed an Antenatal Massage trial in 1984, and many small trials have been performed worldwide since. Cochrane Collaborate Reports since 2006 have advised that women should be informed that episiotomy is avoidable if they employ digital Antenatal Perineal Massage.
# Effectiveness.
A randomized clinical trials of perineal massage (only) during the second | 13,353 |
621189 | Perineal massage | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perineal%20massage | Perineal massage
stage of labour found similar results in the massage and control groups. They found a tendency for reduced third degree tears, but did not study enough women to be able to determine whether this tendency was statistically meaningful because such tears are generally not very frequent. No meaningful differences were found for intact perineums, first and second degree tears, the risk of pain, urinary or fecal incontinence, or dyspareunia.
For the trial titled 'The possibility of antepartal prevention of episiotomy and perineal tears during delivery', 315 primiparous women were questioned between February 2014 and November 2015 after a vaginal delivery, on the use of methods of birth injury prevention: | 13,354 |
621189 | Perineal massage | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perineal%20massage | Perineal massage
vaginal dilatators EPI-NO and Aniball, perineal massage, natural methods (raspberry-leaf tea or linseed). The authors concluded that 'There was a significantly higher number of women with intact perineum after the use of vaginal dilatators (43.1% vs.14.1% in control group (p 0.001)' and 'We also found a significant reduction of episiotomies in this group (29.3% vs. 57.7%, p 0.001).
Antenatal Perineal Massage affords mothers worldwide, irrespective of income, the opportunity to shorten the critical last 30 minutes of labour. Mothers with a narrowed opening in their bony pelvis, whether from being born with an abnormally narrow pelvis, from previous fracture or from deformity secondary to infection | 13,355 |
621189 | Perineal massage | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perineal%20massage | Perineal massage
group (p 0.001)' and 'We also found a significant reduction of episiotomies in this group (29.3% vs. 57.7%, p 0.001).
Antenatal Perineal Massage affords mothers worldwide, irrespective of income, the opportunity to shorten the critical last 30 minutes of labour. Mothers with a narrowed opening in their bony pelvis, whether from being born with an abnormally narrow pelvis, from previous fracture or from deformity secondary to infection in the bone (osteomyelitis), may need surgical intervention, as indicated by a failure to progress either when the baby's head fails to enter the bony pelvis or develops fetal distress.
# See also.
- Kegel exercises
- Birthing chair
- Sheehan's syndrome | 13,356 |
621203 | Nesebar Municipality | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nesebar%20Municipality | Nesebar Municipality
Nesebar Municipality
Nesebar Municipality (, ) is a Bulgarian municipality comprising the northern part of the Black Sea coast of Burgas Province, Bulgaria. Its northern border is with the municipalities of Byala and Dolni Chiflik, its western border — with the municipality of Pomorie, and its eastern border is the Black Sea. Proximity to an international airport, as well as the long coastline and its diverse character create favourable conditions for the development of tourism. It is now the most popular tourist destination in the Balkan Peninsula and one of the most popular in Europe. There are 150 hotels with 70,000 beds, 35,000 beds in private accommodation, more than 1000 cafés and restaurants. | 13,357 |
621203 | Nesebar Municipality | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nesebar%20Municipality | Nesebar Municipality
e of the most popular in Europe. There are 150 hotels with 70,000 beds, 35,000 beds in private accommodation, more than 1000 cafés and restaurants. The municipal centre is Nesebar, located 20 km from Burgas International Airport.
# Towns and villages.
The municipality consists of 3 towns and 11 villages:
## Towns.
- Nessebar
- Sveti Vlas
- Obzor
## Villages.
- Banya
- Gyulyovtsa
- Emona
- Koznitsa
- Kosharitsa
- Orizare
- Panitsovo
- Priseltsi
- Ravda
- Rakovskovo
- Tankovo
# Demographics.
## Religion.
According to the latest Bulgarian census of 2011, the religious composition, among those who answered the optional question on religious identification, was the following: | 13,358 |
621209 | AGSM | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AGSM | AGSM
GSM may refer to;
- Associate of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, post-nominal letters used by those with a specific qualification in professional music performance (rather than drama) following full-time study at the school
- A. Gary Anderson Graduate School of Management, a division of the School of Business Administration at the University of California, Riverside, US
- American Gold Star Mothers, an organization of American mothers who lost sons or daughters in U.S. military service
- Australian Graduate School of Management, the MBA program of the Australian School of Business in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Anti-G Straining Maneuvers, a component of high-G training | 13,359 |
621210 | White Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle | White Castle
White Castle
White Castle may refer to:
# Castles.
- The White Castle at the estate Nunraw in East Lothian
- The White Castle, Monmouthshire, an 11th-century castle in Wales
- White House of Choghtu Khong Tayiji, also known as the White Castle
# Settlements.
- White Castle, Louisiana, a town in the United States
# Literature.
- "The White Castle", a 1985 novel by Orhan Pamuk
# Food and drink.
- White Castle (restaurant), a U.S. hamburger restaurant chain
# Films.
- "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", a 2004 comedy film | 13,360 |
621161 | Namakkal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namakkal | Namakkal
Namakkal
Namakkal is a Selection grade municipality and the headquarters of Namakkal district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the first ISO 14001-2004 certified municipality in Asia for environmental management, specifically the provision and maintenance of water supply, solid waste and sewage management, town planning, lighting and other social services .
It is a part of Kongu Nadu which was hotly contested and coveted by both the ancient Pallavas and the Pandyas. Namakkal was in the hands of Atiakula King called Gunasila who has marriage with Pallava King. Later the taluk was overrun by the Cholas in the Mandalam. After the struggle between the Cheras, Cholas and Pandiyan, the Hoysalas | 13,361 |
621161 | Namakkal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namakkal | Namakkal
rose to power and had control till the 14th century followed by Vijayanagar Kings till 1565 AD. Then the Madurai Nayaks came to power in 1623 AD. Two of the Polygons of Thirumalai Nayak namely, Ramachandra Nayaka and Gatti Mudaliars ruled the Salem area. The Namakkal Fort is reported to have been built by Ramachandra Nayakas. After about 1625 AD, the area came successively under the rule of Muslim Sultans of Bijapur and Golkonda Mysore kings and then the Marathas, when about the year 1750 AD. Hyder Ali came to power. During this period, it was a history of power struggle between Hyder Ali and later Tippu, with the British.
The Rock Fort in Namakkal is a special feature of the Town. The Fort | 13,362 |
621161 | Namakkal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namakkal | Namakkal
covers an area of one and half acres of flat surface and is accessible from South-West by a flight of narrow steps. Namakkal was held by Killdhar (Caption) on Hyder Ali until it was captured by British in 1768. For a brief period during late 18th and early 19th century Namakkal was under Tiruchirappalli district of British Rule. Later Namakkal was transferred back to Salem District. Then at 01-01-1997 finally announced as a separate district from Salem District.
# Geography.
Namakkal is located at . It has an average elevation of 218 metres (726 ft). It is close to Kolli Hills - which is part of the Eastern Ghats. The closest river is Kaveri and it is located 360 km southwest of Chennai and | 13,363 |
621161 | Namakkal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namakkal | Namakkal
250 km south of Bangalore.
# History.
Namakkal is a historic town with reference at (SM)back to at least the 7th century. The name Namakkal derives from Namagiri, which is the name of the single rock formation at the center of the town. The rock is enormous - 65 meters high and more than a kilometre in circumference. Over this massive rock, is a fort, Namakkal Fort. Kongu nadu a small kingdom who ruled Namakkal during the 16th century. It is believed that Tippu Sultan hid himself in this fort for some time to escape the British. The fort was not built by Tippu Sultan but he occupied it for a brief period of time. Later the fort was captured by British. The front side of the hill is called | 13,364 |
621161 | Namakkal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namakkal | Namakkal
Thiru. Vi. Ka. Paarai and today is used by taxis as their stand.
Two cave temples at Namakkal were called as Adiyendra Visnugrha (Ranganatha swamy Temple) and Adiyanavaya Visnugrha (Narasimha swamy Temple). These Rock cut shrines were built by King Gunaseela of Adhiyaman clan descendant. Because of his marriage relations with Pallavas the temples were built of Pallava Architectural style during the 7th century. Generally, Namakkal is considered to be a Vaishnava Kshetram, and there is no Shiva temple in the town until a few years ago.
Mahatma Gandhi held a public meeting in 1933 in Namakkal under the slope of the Namakkal rock.
# Economy.
The economy of the district was primarily agricultural, | 13,365 |
621161 | Namakkal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namakkal | Namakkal
but as on today it has changed its occupation to Lorries, Educational Institutions, Poultry Farms and real estate. So, Poultry, Lorry Transport and related businesses drive the economy of the town. Out of 60000 lorries in Namakkal district Namakkal itself having 25000 lorries, 7000 LPG tankers, 3500 trailers, it made India's No,1 transport hub. Namakkal is also known for its lorry body building industries and poultry farms. It is India's No.1 biggest egg producing region (producing 3.5 crore eggs per day) followed by Andhra Pradesh (2.75 crores), Telangana (2 crores), Punjab (1 crore) and No.1 egg exporting hub in India. A wide variety of crops are grown within the district. One of the main | 13,366 |
621161 | Namakkal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namakkal | Namakkal
crop is Tapioca and due to that Namakkal has several Sago Factories (particularly Sellappampatty and Attur taluk around the place).
Namakkal is noted for truck body building activity. Truck body building is being carriedout in Namakkal since 1956. Nationwide Namakkal is known for body building for truck, trailer, tanker and rig unit. Customers from other states also get the truck body building work done in Namakkal. Body built trucks and rig units are being exported to foreign countries from Namakkal. About 25000 people are employed directly and indirectly in truck body building activity in Namakkal District. About 300 units in Namakkal are engaged in this activity.
# Culture.
Culture of | 13,367 |
621161 | Namakkal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namakkal | Namakkal
Namakkal is based on the Kongu Vellalar Gounder
community.
## Namakkal Anjaneyar temple.
Namakkal Anjaneyar temple is located in Namakkal, and is dedicated to the Hindu god Hanuman. It is constructed in the Dravidian style of architecture. The legend of the temple is associated with Narasimha, an avatar of Hindu god Vishnu appearing for Hanuman and Lakshmi. The image of Anjaneyar is tall, making it one of the tallest images of Hanuman in India. The image of Anjaneyar is carved out of a single stone and believed to be existing from the 5th century. There is no roof over the sanctum and Anjaneyar has a unique iconography sporting a sword in his waist and holding a garland made of saligrama. | 13,368 |
621161 | Namakkal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namakkal | Namakkal
The temple is considered one of the prominent temples in the Tamil Nadu state and the country. The Agamam is followed by "Sri Vaikhanasam".
## Namagiri Lakshmi Narasimhaswami.
Namagiri Lakshmi Narasimhaswami Temple is a "swayam udbhava" (naturally formed) murti of Lord Vishnu in the form of Sri Narasimha Swami. The ancient cave temple are carved out of an imposing hill. There is a separate shrine for Goddess Namagiri Lakshmi. Namagiri Lakshmi was the family Goddess of the renowned Mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan. Ramanujan credited his acumen to his family goddess, Mahalakshmi of Namakkal. He looked to her for inspiration in his work, and claimed to dream of blood drops that symbolised her | 13,369 |
621161 | Namakkal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namakkal | Namakkal
male consort, Narasimha, after which he would receive visions of scrolls of complex mathematical content unfolding before his eyes. He often said, "An equation for me has no meaning, unless it represents a thought of God. It was in front of Namagiri Narashimhaswami, Saint Purandaradasa composed his famous song "Simha Rupanada Sri Hari, Namagirishane.."".
Annual car festival for the Lord Narasimmaswamy temple is celebrated in March and April every year (Tamil Month "Panguni") as per "Sri Vaikhanasa Ahamam". There are number of sacred bathing places or thirthams in hollows in the sides of the rock and the largest of them is called "Kamalalayam" which is sacred to Lakshmi. Apart from the rock | 13,370 |
621161 | Namakkal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namakkal | Namakkal
temples there is one Murugan temple at Koolipatti at about 3 km from the town.
## Namakkal Ranganathaswamy Temple.
There are two rock–cut cave temples alongside the fort, located along the slopes of the hillock, one dedicated to Narasimhaswamy and the other is of Ranganathaswamy. Ranganathaswamy is equally impressive. The Ranganathaswamy cave temple is believed to have been built by the Pallavas.
## Namakkal Fort.
Namakkal Fort is a historic fort present in Namakkal in Namakkal district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The rock fort is on the summit of the rock, and the remnants in brick and stone still bear the brunt of the skirmishes to lay siege to the fort by the Cholas in the | 13,371 |
621161 | Namakkal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namakkal | Namakkal
9th century. The fort was reinforced during the reign of kongu Vellalars in the 17th century.The fort is located on the top of a hillock made of a single rock, tall. There is a temple and a mosque that are located within the fort, both of which are tourist attractions of the town. In modern times, the fort is under the control of the Archaeological Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu.
# Transport.
## Road.
Buses ply to cities in Tamil Nadu like Salem, Erode, Trichy, Karur, Coimbatore, Bangalore, Chennai, Madurai and Dindigul. Namakkal is connected to the rest of India through National Highway 44 Buses from Trichy or Madurai will pass through Namakkal to reach Salem or Bangalore.
## | 13,372 |
621161 | Namakkal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namakkal | Namakkal
Railway.
A new broad-gauge railway line from Salem to Karur via Namakkal started its service on 25 May 2013. There are trains daily from/to Salem, Karur, Chennai Central, Bangalore, Dindigul, Palani, Madurai, Tirunelveli, Nagercoil, Pollachi and Palakkad.
Salem Jn to Karur Jn
- Rasipuram railway station
- Puduchatram railway station
- Kalangani railway station
- Namakkal railway station
- Laddivadi railway station
- Mohanur railway station
Salem Jn to Erode Jn
- Anangur railway station
- Cauvery railway station
## Air.
The nearest airports are Salem Airport (52 km), Coimbatore International Airport (153 km), and Trichy International airport (85 km). Salem Airport started from 15 | 13,373 |
621161 | Namakkal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namakkal | Namakkal
November 2009.
# Demographics.
According to 2011 census, Namakkal had a population of 55,145 with a sex-ratio of 1,015 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 5,002 were under the age of six, constituting 2,609 males and 2,393 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 13.7% and .5% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 82.52%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The town had a total of 15008 households. There were a total of 21,572 workers, comprising 133 cultivators, 264 main agricultural labourers, 562 in house hold industries, 19,646 other workers, 967 marginal workers, 22 marginal cultivators, | 13,374 |
621161 | Namakkal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namakkal | Namakkal
e hold industries, 19,646 other workers, 967 marginal workers, 22 marginal cultivators, 24 marginal agricultural labourers, 151 marginal workers in household industries and 770 other marginal workers. As per the religious census of 2011, Namakkal had 88.98% Hindus, 9.29% Muslims, 1.48% Christians, 0.01% Sikhs, 0.0% Buddhists, 0.01% Jains, 0.23% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.
# Politics.
Namakkal assembly constituency is part of Namakkal (Lok Sabha constituency). A.K.P.Chinraj serves as M.P. for Namakkal Constituency.
K.P.P. Baskar serves as M.L.A. for Namakkal.
# See also.
- Kalangani
- Sendamangalam
- Vettambadi | 13,375 |
621214 | Emil Petrovici | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emil%20Petrovici | Emil Petrovici
Emil Petrovici
Emil Petrovici (; 1899–1968) was a Romanian linguist, dialectologist and Slavist. He studied both Romanian and Serbian languages. His studies included Romanian phonology, and Romanian, Serbian, and other Slavic dialectology.
Petrovici, of Serb descent, was born in the village of Torak (former "Begejci"), at the time part of Austria-Hungary, now in northern Serbia.
From 1949 to 1954, Petrovici worked on literary and cultural problems of Transylvania and collaborated on several journals published in Cluj. He was honored with membership in several scientific academies and societies, and was honored with various titles such as ""Om de știință emerit"" ("Emeritus scientist") and | 13,376 |
621214 | Emil Petrovici | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emil%20Petrovici | Emil Petrovici
ious titles such as ""Om de știință emerit"" ("Emeritus scientist") and ""Premiul de stat"" ("The State Prize").
# Works.
Among his many books were:
- "Despre nazalitate în limba română" ("On nasalization in the Romanian language")
- "Graiul carașovenilor" ("Language of Krashovani")
- "Folclor din Valea Almajului" ("Folklore from the Almajului Valley", 1935)
- "Folclor de la moții din Scărișoara" ("Folklore of the Moţii of Scărişoara", 1939)
- "Note de folclor de la românii din Valea Mlavei" ("Notes on the folklore of the Romanians of the Mlava Valley", 1942)
- "Texte dialectale" ("Dialect Texts", Leipzig, 1943)
- Co-author of "Atlasul lingvistic român" ("Romanian Linguistic Atlas") | 13,377 |
621213 | Linum bienne | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linum%20bienne | Linum bienne
Linum bienne
Linum bienne, the pale flax, is a flowering plant in the genus "Linum", native to the Mediterranean region and western Europe, north to England and Ireland.
Pale flax grows as a biennial or perennial plant in dry, sunny calcareous or neutral grasslands from sea level up to 1000 m. It has long, narrow stems to 60 cm tall and slender leaves 1.5-2.5 cm long. The flowers have five petals about 1 cm long and nearly round; they are pale blue but streaked with darker colour. It flowers in late spring and, at least in more temperate regions, through the summer. The flowers are monoecious and are pollinated by bees and wasps.
"Linum bienne" (="L. angustifolium") is considered the probable | 13,378 |
621213 | Linum bienne | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linum%20bienne | Linum bienne
inated by bees and wasps.
"Linum bienne" (="L. angustifolium") is considered the probable wild forebear of the cultivated flax, and a fibre can be made from its stem. It is sometimes grown as a garden plant.
It has been introduced into North America, where it is naturalized on the Pacific coast from Oregon to the central coast of California, and also in Pennsylvania; it is found in Hawaii, as well.
# References.
- Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). "Illustrated Flora of Britain and Northern Europe". Hodder & Stoughton.
- Huxley, A. (1992). "New RHS Dictionary of Gardening" vol. 3: 93. Macmillan.
# External links.
- Jepson Manual Treatment
- Photo gallery
- New Zealand weed profile | 13,379 |
621215 | Cointerpretability | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cointerpretability | Cointerpretability
Cointerpretability
In mathematical logic, cointerpretability is a binary relation on formal theories: a formal theory "T" is cointerpretable in another such theory "S", when the language of "S" can be translated into the language of "T" in such a way that "S" proves every formula whose translation is a theorem of "T". The "translation" here is required to preserve the logical structure of formulas.
This concept, in a sense dual to interpretability, was introduced by , who also proved that, for theories of Peano arithmetic and any stronger theories with effective axiomatizations, cointerpretability is equivalent to formula_1-conservativity.
# See also.
- Cotolerance
- interpretability logic.
- | 13,380 |
621215 | Cointerpretability | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cointerpretability | Cointerpretability
erpretability is a binary relation on formal theories: a formal theory "T" is cointerpretable in another such theory "S", when the language of "S" can be translated into the language of "T" in such a way that "S" proves every formula whose translation is a theorem of "T". The "translation" here is required to preserve the logical structure of formulas.
This concept, in a sense dual to interpretability, was introduced by , who also proved that, for theories of Peano arithmetic and any stronger theories with effective axiomatizations, cointerpretability is equivalent to formula_1-conservativity.
# See also.
- Cotolerance
- interpretability logic.
- Tolerance (in logic)
# References.
- . | 13,381 |
621197 | White Castle (restaurant) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle%20(restaurant) | White Castle (restaurant)
White Castle (restaurant)
White Castle is an American regional hamburger restaurant chain with 377 locations across 13 states, with its greatest presence in the Midwest. It has been generally credited as the country's first fast-food chain. It is known for its small, square hamburgers. Sometimes referred to as "sliders", the burgers were initially priced at five cents until 1929 and remained at ten cents until 1949. In the 1940s, White Castle periodically ran promotional ads in local newspapers which contained coupons offering five burgers for ten cents, takeout only.
On January 14, 2014, "Time" labeled the White Castle slider the most influential burger of all time.
# History.
Walter Anderson | 13,382 |
621197 | White Castle (restaurant) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle%20(restaurant) | White Castle (restaurant)
(1880-1963) had been running food stands in Wichita since 1916 when he opened his first diner in a converted streetcar. After a second and third location, he was looking to open a fourth location when he met Billy Ingram and together they started the White Castle chain. White Castle was founded in 1921 in Wichita, Kansas. Cook Walt A. Anderson partnered with insurance and real estate man Edgar Waldo "Billy" A. Ingram to make White Castle into a chain of restaurants and market the brand and its distinctive product. Anderson and Ingram started with only $700 for the original White Castle in Wichita, Kansas. The original location was the northwest corner of First and Main; the building is no longer | 13,383 |
621197 | White Castle (restaurant) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle%20(restaurant) | White Castle (restaurant)
standing. At the time, Americans were hesitant to eat ground beef after Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel "The Jungle" had publicized the poor sanitation practices of the meat packing industry. The founders set out to change the public's perception of the cleanliness of the industry they were creating. To invoke a feeling of cleanliness, their restaurants were small buildings with stainless steel interiors, and employees outfitted with spotless uniforms. Their first restaurants in Wichita, Kansas, were a success, and the company branched out into other Midwestern markets, starting in 1922 with El Dorado, Kansas.
The earliest buildings, such as Indianapolis White Castle #3, built in 1927, had exteriors | 13,384 |
621197 | White Castle (restaurant) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle%20(restaurant) | White Castle (restaurant)
of white enamel-glazed brick and interiors of enameled steel. The Indianapolis unit was in operation until 1979, making it, at the time of its closure, the longest-operating fast food restaurant in the country. The company constructed this style of building from 1924 to 1929.
White Castle Building No. 8, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, originally built in 1936 and remodeled (photo in infobox above), is an example of the chain's buildings with prefabricated white porcelain enamel on steel exteriors. The building measured by and was made to resemble the Chicago Water Tower, with octagonal buttresses, crenelated towers, and a parapet wall.
The success of White Castle led to numerous imitators. Restaurants | 13,385 |
621197 | White Castle (restaurant) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle%20(restaurant) | White Castle (restaurant)
copied the distinctive architecture of White Castle buildings, as well as created confusion for consumers by using a similar name. The first of these imitators in Wichita was Little Kastle. Many competitors created their names with a play on the White Castle name. Some restaurant chains just replaced the word "Castle" with their own word (Cabin, Cap, Clock, Crescent, Diamond, Dome, Fortress, Grille, House, Hut, Kitchen, Knight, Log, Manna, Mill, Palace, Plaza, Shop, Spot, Tavern, Tower, Turret, Wonder) while others chose to replace "White" with another (Blue, King's, Little, Magic, Modern, Prince's, Red, Royal, Silver). Some of the other imitators included Castle Blanca, Blue Beacon, Blue Bell, | 13,386 |
621197 | White Castle (restaurant) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle%20(restaurant) | White Castle (restaurant)
Blue Tower, Red Barn, Red Lantern, and Klover Kastle. Despite all the competition, none of the competitors were able to match the success of White Castle.
Anderson is credited with invention of the hamburger bun as well as "the kitchen as assembly line, and the cook as infinitely replaceable technician," hence giving rise to the modern fast-food phenomenon. Due to White Castle's innovation of having chain-wide standardized methods, customers could be sure that they would receive the same product and service in every White Castle restaurant.
Since fast food was unknown in the United States at the time of White Castle's founding, there was no infrastructure to support the business, as is common | 13,387 |
621197 | White Castle (restaurant) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle%20(restaurant) | White Castle (restaurant)
with today's fast-food restaurants. The company established centralized bakeries, meat supply plants, and warehouses to supply itself. It was said that the only things they didn't do themselves were raise the cows and grow their own wheat. Ingram developed a device to produce previously unheard of paper hats. In 1932, Ingram set up a subsidiary, Paperlynen, to produce these hats and other paper products used in his restaurants as well as for many other purposes. At the time, White Castle's distribution stretched from Wichita to New York. Ingram decided the central office should be in the center of the distribution area. To accommodate this, in 1936, the central office was relocated to Columbus, | 13,388 |
621197 | White Castle (restaurant) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle%20(restaurant) | White Castle (restaurant)
Ohio. In the same year, Ingram decided to close all of the restaurants in the two smallest-profit markets (Wichita and Omaha). In 1955, Paperlynen produced over 42 million paper hats worldwide with more than 25,000 different inscriptions. White Castle also created a subsidiary in 1934 named Porcelain Steel Buildings that manufactured movable, prefabricated, steel frame structures with porcelain enamel interior and exterior panels that could be assembled at any of its restaurant sites. This is the first known use of this material in a building design.
The company also began publishing its own internal employee magazine, the "White Castle Official House Organ", circa November 1925 (it was originally | 13,389 |
621197 | White Castle (restaurant) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle%20(restaurant) | White Castle (restaurant)
named "The Hot Hamburger"). The bulk of the material was contributed by company personnel and consisted mostly of letters and photographs of workers, promotional announcements, 25-year milestones, retirements, and similar items of interest arranged by geographic area. "Employees could... read about the progress and innovations made by those in other areas which made everyone aware of the entire system's direction and condition." The White Castle Official House Organ was published quarterly at least through the early 1980s, and at some point was renamed "The Slider Times". The Ohio Historical Society houses an extensive archive of White Castle System, Inc. records from 1921–1991, including issues | 13,390 |
621197 | White Castle (restaurant) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle%20(restaurant) | White Castle (restaurant)
dating from 1927 to 1970 of the White Castle Official House Organ.
Ingram's business savvy not only was responsible for White Castle's success but for the popularization of the hamburger.
In 1933, Anderson sold his half of the Business to Ingram, and the following year the company moved its corporate headquarters to Columbus, Ohio. Co-founder Billy Ingram was followed as head of the firm by his son E. W. Ingram, Jr. and grandson E. W. Ingram, III.
In 1959, White Castle expanded into new markets for the first time since the 1920s. Billy Ingram, who had retired to Miami in 1958, built three White Castle restaurants there. The company closed the Florida operations in 1967 due to inefficient | 13,391 |
621197 | White Castle (restaurant) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle%20(restaurant) | White Castle (restaurant)
supply distribution.
Throughout its existence, White Castle has been a private company and relied on company-owned stores. It remains privately held today, and its restaurants are all company owned; none are franchised.
In concurrence with its 80th anniversary in 2001, White Castle started its Cravers' Hall of Fame. "Cravers" are inducted annually based on stories written about them by another person or that the particular Craver submits for consideration. Between five and ten stories have been chosen each year, with a grand total of 64 stories selected through the 2007 induction class. This represents less than 1% of the total stories submitted since the inception of the Cravers' Hall of | 13,392 |
621197 | White Castle (restaurant) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle%20(restaurant) | White Castle (restaurant)
Fame, an indication of the exclusivity of the honor.
Starting in 2011, a White Castle on Long Island has become a frequent setting for challenges on the show Impractical Jokers, during which the contestants pose as cashiers, drive-thru workers and janitors.
The Ingram family's steadfast refusal to franchise or take on debt throughout the company's existence has kept the chain relatively small, with a more discontinuous geography than its principal competitors. There are over 420 White Castle outlets, predominantly in the Midwest, Kentucky, and Tennessee. The exceptions are a significant smattering of outlets in the New York metropolitan region, three locations in Nevada, and two in Shanghai. | 13,393 |
621197 | White Castle (restaurant) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle%20(restaurant) | White Castle (restaurant)
By comparison, there are over 36,000 McDonald's locations globally, with approximately 14,000 of those in the United States. The chain does, however, sell frozen sliders at supermarkets nationwide, with availability varying by chain. Some locations are also cobranded with Church's Chicken.
Current White Castle markets include Chicago, Cincinnati, Columbus, Ohio, Dayton, Detroit, Indianapolis, Las Vegas, Louisville, Lexington, Minneapolis–St. Paul, Nashville, New York City/New Jersey/Pennsylvania, Phoenix and St. Louis. Louisville and Columbus also house bulk-manufacturing (grocery-store sales, meat and bun production) divisions. Company headquarters and the Porcelain Steel Buildings (PSB) division | 13,394 |
621197 | White Castle (restaurant) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle%20(restaurant) | White Castle (restaurant)
are in Columbus, Ohio. White Castle exited the Cleveland and Akron, Ohio markets effective December 25, 2014.
The first White Castle in the far western United States opened at the Casino Royale Hotel & Casino on the Las Vegas Strip on January 27, 2015. This was the first expansion for White Castle into a different state in 56 years. On the first day of business, demand for food was so great that the restaurant had to temporarily close for two hours to restock. White Castle Vice President Jamie Richardson said that the store sold 4,000 sliders per hour in its first 12 hours. He was not aware of any similar closing because of demand in White Castle's 94-year history. A second White Castle location | 13,395 |
621197 | White Castle (restaurant) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle%20(restaurant) | White Castle (restaurant)
opened in Las Vegas on September 22, 2017, on Fremont Street. The first non-licensed White Castle location in the western United States is scheduled to open in Scottsdale, Arizona in late 2019.
In September 2015, White Castle began to offer Veggie Sliders with dairy-free buns to provide a vegan option.
In December 2015, White Castle announced that chief executive officer (CEO) E.W. “Bill” Ingram III would step down at the end of the year, but continue to be chairman of the board. His daughter, Lisa Ingram, then became the fourth CEO of the company.
In 2018, White Castle began offering meat-free Impossible Burgers designed to closely mimic the flavor and texture of beef burgers.
# Marketing.
White | 13,396 |
621197 | White Castle (restaurant) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle%20(restaurant) | White Castle (restaurant)
Castle also markets its sandwiches in 30-hamburger boxes, called a Crave Case. The figure of 30 burgers represents the number that can be produced on one of its standard grills at the same time. A "Crave Crate" is also offered, with the contents being 100 burgers.
Around 2012, White Castle experimented with the Laughing Noodle brand that was to share space with a White Castle Restaurant. The Laughing Noodle concept was discarded a few years later. The Laughing Noodle brand was developed to offer supplemental variety to a White Castle Restaurant. At least one such location was constructed & operated in Sharonville, Ohio.
Although White Castle originated in Wichita, Kansas, the city has not | 13,397 |
621197 | White Castle (restaurant) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White%20Castle%20(restaurant) | White Castle (restaurant)
in Wichita, Kansas, the city has not had a branch since 1938, nor is there a White Castle restaurant in the entire state of Kansas. White Castle is one of the few restaurant chains that does not have a location in its original city. White Castle is also unusual in that their store locations include regions that are essentially significant exclaves to its primary area.
# Countries formerly with White Castle.
- Malaysia – 1989/90
- Japan – 1986
- South Korea – 1993/1994
- Singapore
- Mexico
- Thailand
- Canada
- Hong Kong
# See also.
- "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle"
- Krystal
- List of hamburger restaurants
- Little Tavern
- White Tower
# External links.
- Company website | 13,398 |
621216 | List of minor planets: 2001–3000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20minor%20planets:%202001–3000 | List of minor planets: 2001–3000
List of minor planets: 2001–3000
# External links.
- Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)–(5000) (IAU Minor Planet Center) | 13,399 |
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