wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
|---|---|---|---|---|
905818 | Francis William Kellogg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis%20William%20Kellogg | Francis William Kellogg
Francis William Kellogg
Francis William Kellogg (May 30, 1810 – January 13, 1879) was a U.S. Representative from the states of Michigan, during the Civil War, and Alabama, during Reconstruction.
# Biography.
Kellogg was born in Worthington, Massachusetts and attended the common schools. He mo... | 18,400 |
905818 | Francis William Kellogg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis%20William%20Kellogg | Francis William Kellogg
37th, and 38th Congresses, serving from March 4, 1859 to March 3, 1865. He represented Michigan's 3rd congressional district for his first two terms, then the 4th district after a redistricting. In all three contests, he defeated the former mayor of Grand Rapids, Thomas B. Church, in the general... | 18,401 |
905818 | Francis William Kellogg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis%20William%20Kellogg | Francis William Kellogg
he was appointed by U.S. President Andrew Johnson as collector of internal revenue for the southern district of Alabama on April 30, 1866, and served until July 1868, residing in Mobile, Alabama.
Upon the re-admission of Alabama to the Union, Kellogg was elected to a partial term in Alabama's 1... | 18,402 |
905767 | Babyshambles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babyshambles | Babyshambles
Babyshambles
Babyshambles is an English rock band established in London. The band was formed by Pete Doherty (lead vocals, rhythm guitar) during a hiatus from the Libertines. As of 2013 the band includes Mick Whitnall (lead guitar), Drew McConnell (bass guitar, backing vocals) and Adam Ficek (drums, percu... | 18,403 |
905767 | Babyshambles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babyshambles | Babyshambles
band, and recruited former Libertine Steve Bedlow as vocalist. Initially, Doherty planned on calling his new band T'Libertines, because of the band's Yorkshire connection – the line up of the band at the time consisted mainly of Yorkshiremen.
On the night Babyshambles' first gig was scheduled to take plac... | 18,404 |
905767 | Babyshambles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babyshambles | Babyshambles
the Babyshambles project. However, he found time to record the band's first single "Babyshambles", which was released in April 2004 on High Society Records. The artwork was by Sophie Thunder. The single was limited to 2000 CDs and 1000 7" vinyl copies.
In the early summer of 2004, Doherty once again found... | 18,405 |
905767 | Babyshambles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babyshambles | Babyshambles
The band's lineup underwent several changes before stabilizing during the late summer of 2004 with Doherty on vocals, Patrick Walden on guitar, Gemma Clarke on drums and Drew McConnell on bass.
In September and October 2004, Babyshambles embarked on a British tour that culminated with two shows at the Lon... | 18,406 |
905767 | Babyshambles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babyshambles | Babyshambles
the band walked off the stage when it became clear that Doherty was too intoxicated to perform, and a riot broke out at the London Astoria after Doherty failed to appear, with 150-200 of the audience invading the stage and damaging the band's equipment, including the destruction of Gemma Clarke's drumkit, ... | 18,407 |
905767 | Babyshambles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babyshambles | Babyshambles
about it, made her eventually leave the band. She was immediately replaced by Adam Ficek, who was once a band member of the White Sport alongside Patrick Walden.
## "Down in Albion" (2005–2007).
In April and May 2005, Babyshambles spent several weeks in a recording studio in Wales working on their debut ... | 18,408 |
905767 | Babyshambles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babyshambles | Babyshambles
on 28 November and reached number eight in the UK singles chart.
Fellow English rock group Oasis had booked Babyshambles to support them on their UK tour in July 2005. However, Doherty was attending the birthday celebration of fashion designer Hedi Slimane with Kate Moss and was unable to arrange transpor... | 18,409 |
905767 | Babyshambles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babyshambles | Babyshambles
on guitar instead. Walden returned for a gig in Cambridge on 23 January and a UK tour in February. He played his last gig with the band at the Shepherd's Bush Empire during that tour, and has not appeared with Babyshambles since. He has, however, appeared on stage independently and in the company of Drew M... | 18,410 |
905767 | Babyshambles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babyshambles | Babyshambles
release of an EP, and headlined the Get Loaded in the Park festival. The band released the limited edition single "Beg, Steal or Borrow", which was exclusively available to those who had attended the festival. A free copy of "The Blinding" was released in the street magazine "The Big Issue".
A cover versi... | 18,411 |
905767 | Babyshambles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babyshambles | Babyshambles
since the Libertines parted, although they never met during the recording process.
On 4 December 2006, "The Blinding EP" was released to critical acclaim. The release was promoted with music videos for "The Blinding" and "Love You But You're Green", and an acoustic performance of the latter on "The Cultur... | 18,412 |
905767 | Babyshambles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babyshambles | Babyshambles
2007, Babyshambles played Oxegen, Glastonbury Festival, the V Festival, T in the Park and Paredes de Coura Festival.
## "Shotter's Nation" (2007–2010).
On 1 October 2007 Babyshambles released their second album "Shotter's Nation". The track listing for the album was revealed on 23 July 2007 in the (p)rev... | 18,413 |
905767 | Babyshambles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babyshambles | Babyshambles
in the UK Singles Chart after its first week on general sale. A week prior to the release, a 7 inch vinyl containing a demo version of the song and an interview with the band was released with NME magazine.
In November 2007 Babyshambles played their first arena tour, taking in dates at the Newcastle Metro... | 18,414 |
905767 | Babyshambles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babyshambles | Babyshambles
at a lot of festivals this Spring and this Summer, especially in France.
In June they played at Hove Festival in Norway. In August they headlined the RadioOne/NME Stage of the Reading and Leeds Festivals. However, a large amount of their scheduled tours were cancelled due to Doherty's recent imprisonment.... | 18,415 |
905767 | Babyshambles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babyshambles | Babyshambles
suggested that Babyshambles would be unable to make all tour dates for 2008, but in a recent interview with NME "Doherty added that he will honour all his booked live commitments with Babyshambles, but will not book further gigs until his solo album is finished". On 12 January 2009, along with Roger Daltre... | 18,416 |
905767 | Babyshambles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babyshambles | Babyshambles
a third album, with Stereophonics drummer Jamie Morrison replacing Adam Ficek in the line-up. Stephen Street denied this speculation, however, bassist, Drew McConnell is said to have broken the news to the music magazine. On 29 April 2013, Babyshambles announced a UK tour for the months of September and Oc... | 18,417 |
905767 | Babyshambles | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Babyshambles | Babyshambles
and festivals until 2014, most notably Rock am Ring, Rock Werchter, and Best Kept Secret Festival.
# Band members.
- Current members
- Pete Doherty – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, sitar, lyrics
- Mick Whitnall – lead guitar, lyrics
- Drew McConnell – bass guitar, backing vocals
- Adam Ficek – drums and... | 18,418 |
905798 | Belgrano, Buenos Aires | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belgrano,%20Buenos%20Aires | Belgrano, Buenos Aires
Belgrano, Buenos Aires
Belgrano is a leafy, northern "barrio" or neighborhood of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
# Location.
The barrio of Palermo is to the southeast; Núñez is to the northwest; Coghlan, Villa Urquiza, Villa Ortúzar and Colegiales are to the southwest.
# History.
Belgra... | 18,419 |
905798 | Belgrano, Buenos Aires | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belgrano,%20Buenos%20Aires | Belgrano, Buenos Aires
laid down a new town on part of it and named it Belgrano. The town was declared a city shortly thereafter, due to its booming growth, and in 1880 it became the nation's capital for a few weeks, because of the dispute between the national government and Buenos Aires province for the status of the ... | 18,420 |
905798 | Belgrano, Buenos Aires | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belgrano,%20Buenos%20Aires | Belgrano, Buenos Aires
upper-middle-class neighborhood that can be roughly divided into Belgrano R, Belgrano C, central Belgrano, and Lower Belgrano (Bajo Belgrano). The heart of the barrio pulses with life on its main thoroughfare, Avenida Cabildo, which runs Northwest to Southeast; the subway (subte) Line D follows i... | 18,421 |
905798 | Belgrano, Buenos Aires | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belgrano,%20Buenos%20Aires | Belgrano, Buenos Aires
of Cabildo. High-rise luxury apartment buildings are clustered on the leafy streets surrounding the Universidad de Belgrano, a private liberal-arts university.
West of Crámer avenue, "Belgrano R" is chiefly residential and lower-density in nature, characterized by calm streets lined with large, ... | 18,422 |
905798 | Belgrano, Buenos Aires | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belgrano,%20Buenos%20Aires | Belgrano, Buenos Aires
to Asian-Argentines and to the general public.
# Transportation.
Other than Cabildo, avenues Libertador, Luis Maria Campos, Crámer, Ricardo Balbín (formerly known as del Tejar), and Figueroa Alcorta run parallel to the riverbank, while Federico Lacroze, Juramento, Monroe and Congreso run from t... | 18,423 |
905798 | Belgrano, Buenos Aires | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belgrano,%20Buenos%20Aires | Belgrano, Buenos Aires
schools include:
- Belgrano Day School
- "Colegio Pestalozzi" ("Pestalozzi-Schule") - The German international school
- [Colegio Manuel Belgrano
# Notable Attractions.
The lush park Barrancas de Belgrano was designed by the famous French-Argentine landscape/park architect Carlos Thays, who d... | 18,424 |
905798 | Belgrano, Buenos Aires | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belgrano,%20Buenos%20Aires | Belgrano, Buenos Aires
of the "plaza" lies the "Inmaculada Concepción" church, called "La Redonda" ("the round one") by locals because of its circular plan. Many weddings are celebrated in this church in the afternoon hours. Two museums are also across Juramento and Cuba streets: "Larreta" and "Sarmiento", respectively... | 18,425 |
905798 | Belgrano, Buenos Aires | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belgrano,%20Buenos%20Aires | Belgrano, Buenos Aires
to former presidents Domingo Faustino Sarmiento and Nicolás Avellaneda. It is located in what used to be Belgrano townhall, where the national congress held its sessions while Belgrano was the capital of the Argentine republic. Nearby, going down to Lower Belgrano (Bajo Belgrano), appears the Bar... | 18,426 |
905835 | Gul (name) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gul%20(name) | Gul (name)
Gul (name)
Gul is a common name in Persian and Turkish languages, meaning "rose".
Gul is used as a family name in Europe, Central and South Asia.
It is also a Nordic given name, used in Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian languages as a short form of Guðólfr (Godwulf).
The name is also an abbreviation used in... | 18,427 |
905835 | Gul (name) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gul%20(name) | Gul (name)
United States at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
- Gul Haider, Afghan politician
- Gul Mohammed Jangvi, Afghan Taliban field commander
- Haji Alam Gul Kuchi, Afghan politician
- Gul Mohammad, Indian/Pakistani cricketer
- Gul Mohammed, Guinness world record holder as the shortest human being
- Gul Mudin (1994... | 18,428 |
905835 | Gul (name) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gul%20(name) | Gul (name)
footballer
- Gul Panag (born 1979), Indian Bollywood actress
- Gul Panra (born 1989), Pakistani singer
# Surname.
Notable people with the surname Gul or Gül include:
- Abdullah Gül, Former President of the Republic of Turkey
- Aftab Gul, Pakistani cricketer
- Ajab Gul, Pakistani actor-turned-director
... | 18,429 |
905835 | Gul (name) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gul%20(name) | Gul (name)
Hamid Gul, former Director General of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence
- Khi Ali Gul, Afghan prisoner of the United States at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
- Meirchion Gul, 5th-century king of Rheged (modern-day northern England)
- Mohammad Gul, Afghan prisoner of the United States at Guantanamo Bay Nav... | 18,430 |
905833 | Mercury Monarch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury%20Monarch | Mercury Monarch
Mercury Monarch
The Mercury Monarch is a compact automobile that was marketed by the Mercury division of Ford from 1975 to 1980. Adopting its nameplate from a marque of Ford Canada during the 1940s and 1950s, the Monarch was marketed as the Mercury counterpart of the Ford Granada in North America. Slot... | 18,431 |
905833 | Mercury Monarch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury%20Monarch | Mercury Monarch
marked the final evolution of the 1960–1965 Ford Falcon platform architecture.
Following the 1980 model year, the Monarch was discontinued, replaced by Cougar sedans and station wagons from 1981 and 1982. For 1983, the Cougar reverted to a coupe configuration, with other body designs adopting the Marqu... | 18,432 |
905833 | Mercury Monarch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury%20Monarch | Mercury Monarch
Ford Motor Company forced major changes in consumer buying habits. The 1973 fuel crisis would lead to buyers valuing luxury over performance, with fuel economy becoming a key attribute. As Ford predicted the compact segment would grow in sales, the Comet/Maverick would remain in production. For 1975, Fo... | 18,433 |
905833 | Mercury Monarch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury%20Monarch | Mercury Monarch
from the Maverick/Comet, Ford offered the new-generation vehicles with a number of comfort and convenience features in a compact-segment car.
# Overview.
## Chassis.
As with the Ford Granada, the Mercury Monarch shared its unibody chassis with its Ford Maverick/Mercury Comet predecessors. Based heavi... | 18,434 |
905833 | Mercury Monarch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury%20Monarch | Mercury Monarch
engines.
## Body.
Although originally developed to become the Mercury Comet, the Mercury Monarch was differentiated from the Comet produced alongside it in a number of ways. Using the Mercedes-Benz 280 as a benchmark for its styling and interior packaging, the Monarch abandoned the Coke bottle styling... | 18,435 |
905833 | Mercury Monarch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury%20Monarch | Mercury Monarch
trim panel with a fuel filler door.
In 1978, the Monarch underwent an exterior facelift; the headlamps were converted from round to rectangular, with the turn signals moved under the headlamps. The taillamps were revised to all red lenses and the center trim panel was changed to a new design with an ar... | 18,436 |
905833 | Mercury Monarch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury%20Monarch | Mercury Monarch
dashboard of the Monarch was equipped with three instruments: a speedometer, fuel gauge, and a clock.
## Trim.
At its launch, the Monarch was available in two trim levels: base and Ghia. For 1977, the two-door coupe was produced in an S (Sports Coupe) trim. For 1978 and 1979, the ESS (European Sports ... | 18,437 |
905833 | Mercury Monarch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury%20Monarch | Mercury Monarch
on the standard Monarch or Granada. According to the May 1976 edition of "Car and Driver", three out of five of Ford top executives, including Henry Ford II, used the Mercury Grand Monarch Ghia as their personal car.
Other standard Grand Monarch Ghia features included:
- Leather trim
- Vinyl roof
- ... | 18,438 |
905833 | Mercury Monarch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury%20Monarch | Mercury Monarch
usher carpeting and soundproofing
For 1977, the Grand Monarch Ghia was withdrawn and repackaged as the Lincoln Versailles. Intended as a response to the Cadillac Seville, the Versailles adopted much of the content of the Grand Monarch Ghia with a slightly restyled exterior. Among one of the most contro... | 18,439 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
Culture of Lebanon
The culture of Lebanon and the Lebanese people emerged from various civilizations over thousands of years. It was home to the Phoenicians and was subsequently conquered and occupied by the Assyrians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Persians, the Arabs, the Crusaders, the Ottoman Turks... | 18,440 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
common culture”.
Based on Article 11 of the Constitution of Lebanon states: "Arabic is the official national language. A law determines the cases in which the French language is to be used." The spoken Lebanese is the language used in public which is a hybrid of the languages of the above-mentioned ... | 18,441 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
many newspapers, magazines and literary societies. Additionally, Beirut became a thriving epicenter of Armenian culture with varied productions that was exported to the Armenian diaspora.
## Visual arts.
Mustafa Farroukh was one of Lebanon's most prominent painters of the 19th century. Formally tra... | 18,442 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
in Beirut immediately after the end of the civil war (1975-1991).
Many contemporary artists are currently active, such as Walid Raad, a contemporary media artist currently residing in New York.
Two contemporary art exhibition centers, the Beirut Art Center and the Beirut Exhibition Center (does not... | 18,443 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
Ricardo Mbarkho, Mansour El-Habre, Anita Toutikian and many others. These galleries are run by gallerists such as Saleh Barakat (Agial), Galerie Mark Hachem, Fadi Mogabgab, Nadine Begdache (Galerie Janine Rubeiz), Odile Mazloum (Galerie Alwane).
Located in Foch Street in the Solidere area, FFA Priva... | 18,444 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
Dash. By Strolling through the streets of the city one can find some interesting works such as sculptures of Michel Basbous in the Bank of Lebanon street.
Ashkal Alwan, the Lebanese association for plastic arts and a platform for the creation and exchange of artistic practices. It was founded by Chr... | 18,445 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
for research and exchange on cultural practices in the region and beyond.
Umam Documentation & Research runs an exhibition space (The Hangar) located at Haret Hreik, in Beirut's Southern suburb with extensive events.
In the field of digital art, the artist Ricardo Mbarkho investigates the transform... | 18,446 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
of various occupying powers including the Romans, Phoenicians, Ottomans and French, as well as post independence developments.
When the Ottomans exiled Fakhreddine to Tuscany, Italy in 1613, he entered an alliance with the Medicis. Upon his return to Lebanon in 1618, he began modernizing Lebanon. He... | 18,447 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
Lebanese ruler who truly unified Mount Lebanon with its Mediterranean coast executed an ambitious plan to develop his country.
The influence of these buildings, such as the ones in Deir el Qamar, influenced building in Lebanon for many centuries and continues to the present time. For example, street... | 18,448 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
into more than twenty different languages. Several contemporary Lebanese writers have also achieved international success; including Elias Khoury, Amin Maalouf, Hanan al-Shaykh, and Georges Schehadé.
# Popular culture.
## Music.
Music is pervasive in Lebanese society. While traditional folk music ... | 18,449 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
Wadih El Safi, Majida El Roumi, and Najwa Karam who built an international audience for the genre. Historical figure and Lebanese musical pioneer Lydia Canaan is listed in the catalog of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum's Library and Archives in Cleveland, Ohio, USA as the first rock star of... | 18,450 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
Lebanon's music industry is growing and could attain leading status in the region. Lebanese performers are celebrated throughout the Arab World, and with the notable exception of Egypt enjoy increasing regional popularity. Rising demand for Arabic music outside Western Asia has provided Lebanese arti... | 18,451 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
and geographic size, Lebanon plays an influential role in the production of information in the Arab world and is "at the core of a regional media network with global implications".
After independence, Beirut emerged as the epicenter of publishing in the Arab world, characterized by free and liberal ... | 18,452 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
events, the Beirut Book Fair and the Beirut Francophone Book Fair.
Television in Lebanon was introduced in 1959, with the launch of two privately owned stations, CLT and Télé Orient that merged in 1967 into Télé Liban. Lebanon has ten national television channels, with most being affiliated or suppo... | 18,453 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
were online, "Al Anwar", "Annahar", and "Assafir", and by 2000, more than 200 websites provided news out of Lebanon.
## Cinema.
Cinema of Lebanon, according to film critic and historian, Roy Armes, was the only other cinema in the Arabic-speaking region, beside Egypt's, that could amount to a natio... | 18,454 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
prestigious awards including the Silver Lion, Prix de la paix- Gillo Pontecorvo and Prix de la Lanterne Magique at the Venice Film Festival (2003)
- "After Shave" – by Hany Tamba, released in 2005, received the 2006 French César Award for best foreign short film
- "Bosta" – by Philippe Aractingi, r... | 18,455 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
Keserwany, released in 2018, the film was selected as the Lebanese entry for Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards.
## Theatre.
Lebanese theatre has its origin in passion plays. The musical plays of Maroun Naccache from the mid-1800s are considered the birth of modern Arab theatre. ... | 18,456 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
in the fields of literature, theater, cinema and journalism, all of them played an integral role towards each other especially in theater, cinema and journalism, that's what was confirmed by the Conference Egypt in the eyes of the Lebanese and which is Within the activities of the cultural program Eg... | 18,457 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
women sometimes wear traditional colorful skirts and men wear a traditional sherwal (baggy trousers). Dress was historically Ottoman, but remains only as part of the folk culture. Today, almost all Lebanese wear modern clothing.
Famous names in the Lebanese fashion industry include Elie Saab, Zuhair... | 18,458 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
Christians celebrate Christmas on 6 January, as they follow the Julian Calendar.
Muslim holidays are followed based on the Islamic lunar calendar. Muslim holidays that are celebrated include Eid al-Fitr (the three-day feast at the end of the Ramadan month), Eid al-Adha (The Feast of the Sacrifice) w... | 18,459 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
Festival, Byblos International Festival, Beiteddine International Festival, Broumana Festival, Batroun Festival, Dhour Chwer Festival and Tyr Festival. These festivals are promoted by Lebanon's Ministry of Tourism, Lebanon Hosts about 15 Concerts from International Performers Each Year Ranking Number... | 18,460 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
is arak, a strong anise-flavored liquor made from fermented grape juice. It is usually drunk with water and ice, which turns the clear liquid milky-white, and usually accompanies food. Arak is a strong spirit similar to the Greek ouzo and the Turkish raki.
Lebanese restaurant meals begin with a wide... | 18,461 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
eaten around Lent by people in the Lebanese diaspora.
Beirut and its environs contain many restaurants of various national origins. At the same time, wine is growing in popularity and a number of vineyards currently exist in the Bekaa valley and elsewhere. Beer is also highly popular and Lebanon pro... | 18,462 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
but are usually eaten as part of a dish. Eating in Lebanon is tied to family: people almost never eat alone. The Lebanese consider eating out a social and almost aesthetic experience. During Lent, Christians eat meatless dishes and at Saint Barbara, they eat a variety of wheat-based dishes. Lebanon s... | 18,463 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
groups of youth are very common especially in Verdun, Hamra Street, Ashrafieh, and downtown Beirut as well as other places. Premarital physical sexual relations are very common, although intercourse is frowned upon and avoided by both Muslim and Christian girls.
The contraceptive prevalence rate is ... | 18,464 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
also with regard to homosexuality.
Notwithstanding the persistence of traditional attitudes regarding the role of women, Lebanese women enjoy equal civil rights and attend institutions of higher education in large numbers (for example, women constituted 41 percent of the student body at the American... | 18,465 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
Sports.
- Football is the most popular sport in Lebanon. In association football, the governing body for Lebanon is the Federation Libanaise de Football (FLDF). The FLDF organises the men's, women's, and futsal national teams.
- Basketball - Basketball is one of the most popular sports in Lebanon. ... | 18,466 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
Riyadi Beirut and Hekmeh-Sagesse, known as C.S. Sagesse or Sagesse for men and Antranik SC for women.
- Rugby league - Rugby league is a popular sport in Lebanon. The Lebanon national rugby league team qualified and played in the 2000 Rugby League World Cup, and nearly qualified for the 2008 Rugby L... | 18,467 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
sports - Skiing and snowboarding are popular sports up in the mountains, and the country boosts six ski resorts, with slopes suitable for skiers and snowboarders of all ages and levels of experience. Off-slope, there are many opportunities for cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, and snowmobiling.
- I... | 18,468 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
International Marathon is held every fall, drawing top runners from Lebanon and abroad. Shorter races are also held for youth and less serious competitors. Race day is promoted as a fun, family event, and it has become a tradition for many to participate in costumes or outlandish clothing.
- Equestr... | 18,469 |
905758 | Culture of Lebanon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture%20of%20Lebanon | Culture of Lebanon
by union - Rugby union is increasing in popularity, and was introduced from France. The Lebanon national rugby union team represents Lebanon in international rugby union, and is governed by the Lebanon Rugby Union.
In 2009, the country hosted the Winter Asian Games, which took place in the capital, ... | 18,470 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
Treaty of Gulistan
The Treaty of Gulistan (; ) was a peace treaty concluded between Imperial Russia and Persia (modern day Iran) on 24 October 1813 in the village of Gulistan (in modern-day Goranboy Rayon of Azerbaijan) as a result of the first full-scale Russo-Persian War, lasting from 1804 to 1813... | 18,471 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
great influence at the Persian court. It was signed by Nikolai Rtischev from the Russian side and Mirza Abolhassan Khan Ilchi from the Persian side.
The result of the treaty was that it forcefully ceded the bulk of Iran's Caucasian territories, while it also directly contributed to the outbreak of t... | 18,472 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
integral territories in Transcaucasia and the North Caucasus.
The area to the North of the river Aras, amongst which the territory of the contemporary nations of Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia and the North Caucasian Republic of Dagestan were Iranian territory until they were occupied by Russia in the... | 18,473 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, namely Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia. Lastly and equally important, as a result of Russia's imposing of the two treaties, it also decisively parted the Azerbaijanis and Talysh ever since between the two nations.
# Background and the Russo-Persian War.
... | 18,474 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
his enemies and former Afsharid/Safavid vassals and subjects in the regions of present-day Georgia, Armenia, southern Dagestan, and Azerbaijan, and claimed the areas as rightfully belonging to Persia. By the events prior, during, and after the Battle of Krtsanisi of 1795, he had regained full control... | 18,475 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
better position itself in case of war with Russia, yet those attempts fell through. Ironically, as both Russia and Britain were currently engaged in the Napoleonic wars, Fath Ali Shah instead brokered a deal with Britain that provided Persia with military support from British troops in exchange for p... | 18,476 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
about the atrocities being committed by Russian Commanders in Georgia, the commanders ruling “through massive extortion and maladministration”.
Numerically, Persian forces had a considerable advantage during the war: a ratio of 5 to 1 over their Russian adversaries. However, the Persian forces were ... | 18,477 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
the war and asked for military and financial aid from France’s Napoleon (with which they had a France-Persian Alliance), who promised to deliver French support regarding Iran's ambitions to regain its recently lost territory of Georgia, yet France's relations with Russia were more important to them a... | 18,478 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
"Russia by this instrument was confirmed in possession of all the khanates -- Karabagh, Gandja, Shekeen, Shirvan, Derbend, Kouba, and Baku, together with part of Talish and the fortress of Lenkoran. Persia further abandoned all pretensions to Daghestan, Georgia, Mingrelia, Imeretia, and Abkhazia."
-... | 18,479 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
10. Karabakh khanate,
- 11. Ganja khanate,
- 12. Shaki Khanate,
- 13. Quba Khanate,
- 14. part of the Talysh Khanate;
- 3. Iran loses all rights to navigate the Caspian Sea, and Russia is granted exclusive rights to station its military fleet in the Caspian Sea.
- 4. Both countries agree on the... | 18,480 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
of Fath Ali Shah.
# Assessment.
Even until today, Iran officially sees this and the succeeding Treaty of Turkmenchay as one of its most humiliating treaties ever signed. The treaty is also regarded by Iranians as the main reason why Fath Ali Shah is seen as one of Iran's most incompetent rulers in ... | 18,481 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
hakim of Erivan, also wrote the Sultan alerting him to Agha Muhammad's "aggression" and seeking Ottoman protection"."
Russian imperial historians maintain that Russia's absorption of the Transcaucasus territories delivered their population from constant Iranian and Ottoman invasions, and the Christi... | 18,482 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
used this to strengthen their foreign affairs. Using their new-found diplomatic connections with the British, Persia established the Treaty of Defensive Alliance in 1812. This promised that Britain would “offer a defensive alliance against further Russian encroachments”. It essentially had terms stat... | 18,483 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
would strike again because they considered the regions rightfully theirs and were furious about Russia’s treatment of the land and people. The war was becoming costly in terms of troops and finance, so the Treaty of Gulistan led to over a decade of nominal peace (1813–1826) between Russia and Persia,... | 18,484 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
the military mainly to prevent Persia from trying to regain the regions of Georgia or the Caucasus, thus leaving open the possibility of another future war. It is likely that neither the Iranian Shah (king) nor the Tsar regarded the treaty of Gulistan as definitive.
According to Prof. Timothy C. Dow... | 18,485 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
were Iranian territory until they were occupied by Russia in the course of the 19th century.
# Precursor to Second Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828.
The Treaty of Gulistan left the possibility of conflict open between the two countries, thus being weak from the start. Russia's main priority before th... | 18,486 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
was fully devoted to regaining the lost territories. It was surprising to no one when Fath Ali Shah ordered his military commander, Abbas Mirza, to start training troops in 1823, three years in advance of the second Russo-Persian War of the century, which was three times as much military preparation ... | 18,487 |
905795 | Treaty of Gulistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Gulistan | Treaty of Gulistan
with the British supporting the Persians). The second Russo-Persian War lasted two years and Persia lost 35,000 troops to Russia’s 8,000. Performing poorly in the war, Persia lost, leading to the signing of the Treaty of Turkmenchay, which resulted in the loss of modern-day Armenia and the remaining ... | 18,488 |
905850 | Supermodular function | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supermodular%20function | Supermodular function
Supermodular function
In mathematics, a function
is supermodular if
for all formula_3, formula_4, where formula_5 denotes the componentwise maximum and formula_6 the componentwise minimum of formula_3 and formula_8.
If −"f" is supermodular then "f" is called submodular, and if the inequality i... | 18,489 |
905850 | Supermodular function | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supermodular%20function | Supermodular function
over actions formula_11 of two or more players formula_12. Suppose the action space is continuous; for simplicity, suppose each action is chosen from an interval: formula_13. In this context, supermodularity of formula_10 implies that an increase in player formula_15's choice formula_11 increases ... | 18,490 |
905850 | Supermodular function | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supermodular%20function | Supermodular function
to each other. This is the basic property underlying examples of multiple equilibria in coordination games.
The opposite case of submodularity of formula_10 corresponds to the situation of strategic substitutability. An increase in formula_11 lowers the marginal payoff to all other player's choic... | 18,491 |
905850 | Supermodular function | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supermodular%20function | Supermodular function
in output by one firm lowers the marginal revenues of the other firms, production decisions are strategic substitutes.
A supermodular utility function is often related to complementary goods. However, this view is disputed.
# Submodular functions of subsets.
Supermodularity and submodularity ar... | 18,492 |
905850 | Supermodular function | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supermodular%20function | Supermodular function
dular functions of subsets.
Supermodularity and submodularity are also defined for functions defined over subsets of a larger set. Intuitively, a submodular function over the subsets demonstrates "diminishing returns". There are specialized techniques for optimizing submodular functions.
Let "S"... | 18,493 |
905811 | Ohio Republican Party | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ohio%20Republican%20Party | Ohio Republican Party
Ohio Republican Party
The Ohio Republican Party is the Ohio state affiliate of the United States Republican Party. It was founded in Columbus, Ohio on February 13, 1854.
# History.
From the Civil War era, Ohio politics was dominated by the Republican Party, with Ohio Republicans playing key rol... | 18,494 |
905811 | Ohio Republican Party | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ohio%20Republican%20Party | Ohio Republican Party
1880s, Ohio's Marcus A. Hanna was a significant power in the back rooms of the national Republican party. In the 1890s, Hanna led the conservative wing of the party against Theodore Roosevelt's progressive movement.
In the 60 years from 1860 to 1920, Ohioans headed the Republican presidential tic... | 18,495 |
905811 | Ohio Republican Party | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ohio%20Republican%20Party | Ohio Republican Party
FDR would win Ohio in 1932, 1936, and 1940.
## Post New Deal.
The national political upheaval that ushered in the New Deal era in the 1930s benefited the Ohio Democratic Party. Party politics in Ohio became very competitive, with Republicans and Democrats trading victories at all levels.
During... | 18,496 |
905811 | Ohio Republican Party | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ohio%20Republican%20Party | Ohio Republican Party
rulings from the United States Supreme Court that required district representation be based on population and not land sized. The equalization of legislative districts shifted power to Ohio's cities and away from rural farmers. By the mid-1980s, Ohio government at all levels was dominated by Democ... | 18,497 |
905811 | Ohio Republican Party | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ohio%20Republican%20Party | Ohio Republican Party
Ohio's term limits laws had Republican officeholders at the federal and state levels struggling with each other to draw federal congressional districts to create safe seats, with the interests of incumbent US representatives clashing with the interests of state legislators facing term limits looki... | 18,498 |
905811 | Ohio Republican Party | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ohio%20Republican%20Party | Ohio Republican Party
state lawmakers constantly are scouting their next jobs... [V]isions of Congress dance in their heads. They want districts ready-made for their ascensions. Meanwhile, congressional incumbents constantly angle for districts they can't possibly lose.
Although term limits were pushed by conservative... | 18,499 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.