wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
|---|---|---|---|---|
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
pacing. ILM contributed 120 shots to the film. Like Correll, Ralston used Eastman 94 for all shots that did not require bluescreen.
ILM filmed starships using motion control for timed and computer-assisted model movement. The ship models required multiple camera passes because diffe... | 29,600 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
Klingon Bird of Prey's cloaking device required a new effect. The original concept featured the layers of the ship forming up from the inside out, requiring a series of overlaid elements filmed with an Oxberry animation camera. ILM decided the effect appeared too "animated-looking", ... | 29,601 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
of the merchant ship were created using projected explosions, a technique perfected during the production of "Return of the Jedi". Simulated zero-gravity explosions were filmed and reflected onto a card using the same motion control program used for the models. The result was an expl... | 29,602 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
look, the crew used blue color gels for lights and shot through smoke for fill shots. They switched to diffusion filters for light passes, as using smoke for longer shots would have required time-consuming smoke level monitoring. Due to difference in the scales of the dock and ship m... | 29,603 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
heightened by live action footage of a cafeteria, with windows overlooking the dock interior. The cafeteria was a set built at ILM and filled with 40 extras in front of a bluescreen so that the dock and "Enterprise" could be composited in later; matte paintings extended the ceiling o... | 29,604 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
to the background. The shot switches to the Bird of Prey moving away as the top of the saucer burns, where explosions (filmed upside down to simulate the absence of gravity) were superimposed over a motion control pass of the ship. The camera cuts to a closeup of the ship's registrat... | 29,605 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
was simulated by blowing up a talcum powder-covered plaster dish. Two- and four-ounce bombs and gasoline were used as pyrotechnics in live action scenes of the bridge being destroyed. Stuntmen used spring-loaded platforms to launch themselves in the air.
For the final destruction of... | 29,606 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
solenoid-triggered rockfalls. For scenes where Kirk and Kruge battle at a precipice over a pit of lava, the shot combined animated lava, clouds (really cotton daubs on black), lightning, and a matte painting. Overhead shots of the lava were created by lighting a piece of clear Plexig... | 29,607 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
shot was filmed on black instead of the traditional bluescreen, the animators had to remove or rotoscope the black background around Lloyd one frame at a time. The transition between the footage of Lloyd and the puppet was hidden by a single-frame flash as a bolt of lightning struck ... | 29,608 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
to get far enough away from the TV series to startle the Trekkies". The effect was produced by cutting out or rotomatting the individual to be transported, then making a vertical slot through which a high-intensity light was positioned. A computer-controlled move would cause the ligh... | 29,609 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
blue Federation effect. Whereas many of the multicolored rainbow warp trail shots from "The Wrath of Khan" were stock footage taken from the first film, the producers of the third film wanted something new. A streak effect, in which a beauty pass of the ship was combined with blurred... | 29,610 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
release.
## Music.
Composer James Horner returned to score "The Search for Spock", fulfilling a promise he had made to Bennett on "The Wrath of Khan". While Nimoy considered hiring his friend Leonard Rosenman for the score, he was persuaded that Horner's return would grant continui... | 29,611 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
of Khan", the end credits were quoted "almost verbatim".
In hours-long discussions with Bennett and Nimoy, Horner agreed with the director that the "romantic and more sensitive" cues were more important than the "bombastic" ones. Horner had written Spock's theme to give the characte... | 29,612 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
cue as a compromise between music from Horner's earlier film "Wolfen", Khan's motif from "The Wrath of Khan", and Jerry Goldsmith's Klingon music from "The Motion Picture". Horner also adapted music from Sergei Prokofiev's "Romeo and Juliet" for part of the "Enterprise" theft sequenc... | 29,613 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
for existence," he recalled. While Spock's bodily resurrection was complete, his mind was a blank slate—"The Search for Spock", Michele and Duncan Barrett argue, says that the important question is whether an individual's "mind" functions, as this is the key to a meaningful existence... | 29,614 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
Spock". David and Saavik's discovery of Spock's empty coffin and burial robes parallels the evidence the Apostles found that pointed to Jesus' resurrection in the Gospel of Luke, asserts Kraemer. Spock's resurrection not only proves the Vulcan's belief in the existence of the katra, ... | 29,615 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
Life", "What Dreams May Come", "Meet Joe Black").
The Genesis planet became a doomed experiment partly for dramatic reasons; having a time limit for the characters to save Spock added tension. Nimoy was also interested in scientific ethics—how quickly can science move and what are t... | 29,616 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
the "common good" as determined by the state, relinquishing her liberty and life. Hansen contends that the issues of personal liberty and the exploitation of technology, in this case Genesis, are "intertwined". The Genesis Device was intended as a liberating technology, creating life... | 29,617 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
on "The New York Times" paperback bestsellers list. President Ronald Reagan screened the film for friends during a weekend away from the White House in 1984, spent with White House staff chief Mike Deaver and the president's own close friend Senator Paul Laxalt. Reagan wrote of the f... | 29,618 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
weekend the film's gross dropped 42 percent. The box office strength of "The Search for Spock" and "Indiana Jones" led Paramount to dominate early summer film business. The film made $76.5 million in North America, for a total of $87 million worldwide.
James Horner's soundtrack to t... | 29,619 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
included both the original Capitol Records release from 1984 and an all-new version which featured the complete soundtrack as heard in the film, including alternate versions as well as many cues heard for the first time outside of the film. The soundtrack would be Horner's final cont... | 29,620 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
dedication. Roger Ebert called the film "good, but not great" and a compromise between the special effects-dependent "The Motion Picture" and the character-driven "The Wrath of Khan". Conversely, "USA Today" praised the film as the best of the three and the closest to the original sp... | 29,621 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
while review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes has given it 79%, indicating positive reviews.
Critics praised Nimoy's direction, to which "USA Today" attributed the film's success in capturing the essence of the television show. "Newsweek" wrote that due to Nimoy the film was the best-pace... | 29,622 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
but his background in television showed—"the film feels made-for-TV", she summarized. Fellow "Post" critic Gary Arnold concurred with Kempley's television film assessment, but also wrote that Nimoy was smart to focus on the essentials of each scene; he "[concentrates] on the actors i... | 29,623 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
Shatner missed an opportunity to act on par with "The Wrath of Khan"s revelation that Kirk was David's father. The critic considered David's death an attempt at a similar shock, but felt it was not a success. Harry M. Geduld, writing for "The Humanist", criticized the film for what h... | 29,624 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
seem to be the silliest minutiae [...] That's what longtime Trekkies love about the series, and it's still here—a little the worse for wear, but mostly untarnished." The "Los Angeles Times" wrote that despite its spectacle, the film's "humanity once again outweighs the hardware, and ... | 29,625 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
occasionally "witty", and Ebert singled out the Bird of Prey as a "great-looking" ship. Sterritt felt that the settings always felt like they were on soundstages rather than out in space, and Denby wrote that more could have been done with Genesis, and that while it was an interestin... | 29,626 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
presentation of Uhura, as having her second best scene in "Star Trek".
## Home media.
"The Search for Spock" was released on home video in 1985. The initial retail offerings included VHS, Betamax, LaserDisc and CED formats with closed captioning. As part of a plan to support its pu... | 29,627 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
as the original DVD release. It featured a text commentary by Michael Okuda and audio commentary from Nimoy, Bennett, Correll, and Curtis.
The film was released on high-definition Blu-ray Disc in May 2009 to coincide with the new "Star Trek" feature, along with the other five films ... | 29,628 |
206879 | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Trek%20III:%20The%20Search%20for%20Spock | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
u-ray Disc in May 2009 to coincide with the new "Star Trek" feature, along with the other five films featuring the original crew in "Star Trek: Original Motion Picture Collection". "The Search for Spock" was remastered in 1080p high-definition from the 2000 DVD transfer. All six film... | 29,629 |
206935 | USS Badger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Badger | USS Badger
USS Badger
Three ships of the United States Navy have been named Badger:
- , an auxiliary cruiser purchased in 1898 and used in the Spanish–American War
- , a "Wickes"-class destroyer commissioned in 1919 and active during World War II
- , a "Knox"-class destroyer escort commissioned in 1970, reclassifie... | 29,630 |
206931 | Hither Green | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hither%20Green | Hither Green
Hither Green
Hither Green is a district in south-east London, England, in the London Borough of Lewisham. It forms the southern part of Lewisham, 6.6 miles (10.6 km) south-east of Charing Cross, and on the Prime Meridian.
Growing extensively with the arrival of the railways, Hither Green is characterised... | 29,631 |
206931 | Hither Green | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hither%20Green | Hither Green
1978 to 1998 Hither Green was the name of the electoral ward that covered the area – since 2002 the local ward that covers most of Hither Green is Lewisham Central. The parliamentary constituency is Lewisham East.
The area is known for the 1967 Hither Green rail crash, in which 49 people were killed.
# H... | 29,632 |
206931 | Hither Green | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hither%20Green | Hither Green
Green had remained a largely wooded area through the medieval times but by the 18th century most of the trees had been felled, and the first houses were built. Additional houses appeared through the 19th century, many of them quite substantial residences.
## Development.
### Mountsfield Park.
Mountsfiel... | 29,633 |
206931 | Hither Green | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hither%20Green | Hither Green
Charlton Athletic football club gave up the football ground at the bottom of the hill in 1923 the park had grown to 28 acres.
Bombing damage to a terrace of houses along the south side of George Lane saw this also added to the park. The final addition came in 1994 when a large majority of the Catford Boys... | 29,634 |
206931 | Hither Green | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hither%20Green | Hither Green
& Co. department store. The hospital and local area suffered extensive bombing damage during the Second World War. All that remains of the hospital is the water tower with its large clock faces (now the emblem of Hither Green) which is illuminated at night, and several of the hospital’s outbuildings. In 19... | 29,635 |
206931 | Hither Green | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hither%20Green | Hither Green
added to the east side of Hither Green Station to cater for people living on this new estate. Many of the road names are of Scottish origin, as Corbett was a Scot. Due to his Quaker origins, the area was devoid of a public house and remains so. He gave the land for St Andrew's Church, dedicated to Scotland... | 29,636 |
206931 | Hither Green | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hither%20Green | Hither Green
designed by Josiah Gunton, standing in the angle of Hither Green Lane and Wellmeadow Road, was completed in 1900 to accommodate 700 people. It was built by C. Castle & Son of Lower Clapton of red brick with a nave, two aisles, a transept, chancel, organ chamber and galleries on three sides, along with a ta... | 29,637 |
206931 | Hither Green | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hither%20Green | Hither Green
Park
- Grove Park
- St Johns
- Eltham
- Mottingham
- New Cross
- Nunhead
- Kidbrooke
- Bromley
- New Eltham
- Peckham
# Transport.
## Rail.
Hither Green railway station serves the area with services to London Charing Cross and to London Cannon Street both via Lewisham and as part of a loop ser... | 29,638 |
206931 | Hither Green | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hither%20Green | Hither Green
test centre in Hither Green – one of the largest in south London catering for over 1,000 driving tests each month.
# Hither Green in the news.
- "Let's move to Hither Green, London" in The Guardian newspaper
- Park Fever beer and chocolate in Wallpaper magazine
- Hither Green mural from start to finish... | 29,639 |
206931 | Hither Green | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hither%20Green | Hither Green
ws Shopper
- Hither Green in the Evening Standard
- Hither Green in Meridian magazine (p.7)
# Notable former inhabitants.
- Jude Law – Actor
- Gladys Cooper – Actress
- Dora Jessie Saint (Miss Read) – Author
- Dane Baptiste – Comedian
ChiChi Osemwegie
# See also.
- Hither Green Cemetery – contrar... | 29,640 |
206940 | Ice storm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice%20storm | Ice storm
Ice storm
# Formation.
The formation of ice begins with a layer of above-freezing air above a layer of sub-freezing temperatures closer to the surface. Frozen precipitation melts to rain while falling into the warm air layer, and then begins to refreeze in the cold layer below. If the precipitate refreezes ... | 29,641 |
206940 | Ice storm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice%20storm | Ice storm
drops strike ground or anything else below (e.g. power lines, tree branches, aircraft), a layer of ice accumulates as the cold water drips off, forming a slowly thickening film of ice, hence freezing rain.
While meteorologists can predict when and where an ice storm will occur, some storms still occur with l... | 29,642 |
206940 | Ice storm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice%20storm | Ice storm
in November 1996 directly followed heavy snowfall. The combined weight of the snow and of ice caused widespread damage and was considered the most severe ice storm in the Spokane area since 1940.
# Effect.
The freezing rain from an ice storm covers everything with heavy, smooth glaze ice. In addition to haz... | 29,643 |
206940 | Ice storm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice%20storm | Ice storm
This can leave people without power for anywhere from several days to a month. According to most meteorologists, just one quarter of an inch of ice accumulation can add about of weight per line span. Damage from ice storms is easily capable of shutting down entire metropolitan areas.
Additionally, the loss o... | 29,644 |
206940 | Ice storm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice%20storm | Ice storm
methods of heating and cooking during prolonged power outages, common after severe ice storms. Gas generators, charcoal and propane barbecues, and kerosene heaters contribute to CO poisoning when they operate in confined locations. CO is produced when appliances burn fuel without enough oxygen present, such a... | 29,645 |
206940 | Ice storm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice%20storm | Ice storm
to 6" thick in northwestern Texas during January 22–24, 1940.
- A ice storm had ice up to 6" thick in upstate New York during December 29–30, 1942.
- An ice storm which struck Northern Idaho January 1961 set a record for thickest recorded ice accumulation from a single storm in the United States, at 8 inche... | 29,646 |
206940 | Ice storm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice%20storm | Ice storm
5–10, 1998. It was one of the most devastating and costly ice storms in North American history and potentially one of the most devastating ice storms in modern history. Reported ice accumulations of 4" in some areas. The storm caused massive power failures in several large cities in Northeastern North America... | 29,647 |
206940 | Ice storm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice%20storm | Ice storm
States was impacted by a major ice storm on December 11–12, 2008, which left about 1.25 million homes and businesses without power. Areas impacted with of ice accumulation included eastern New York in the Albany area, central and western Massachusetts, southern New Hampshire, coastal and south-central Maine, ... | 29,648 |
206940 | Ice storm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice%20storm | Ice storm
It took utility crews from 4 to as many as 16 days to get a look at the damage and start to restore power to nearly 1.2 million people. In all there were 675,000 residents in New Hampshire without power and around 375,000 in northern Massachusetts.
- In late January 2009 ice storms covered several U.S. state... | 29,649 |
206940 | Ice storm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice%20storm | Ice storm
Neighboring state Rural Water Associations, including experienced emergency responders from Louisiana and Florida, loaned equipment and manpower to assist the hardest-hit areas.
- During the unusually severe Winter of 2009–10 in Great Britain and Ireland, heavy snow had fallen over much of the country in lat... | 29,650 |
206940 | Ice storm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice%20storm | Ice storm
had stopped before first light). When the local population prepared to set out for work and school, they saw from their windows what appeared to be clear roads and pavements but were in fact treacherous sheets of black ice. Cars and buses almost immediately encounted extreme difficulty, and emergency services... | 29,651 |
206940 | Ice storm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice%20storm | Ice storm
their way there.
- On December 25, 2010, freezing rain fell on Moscow and its vicinity. The glaze ice accumulation caused a number of accidents and power outages, of which the most serious was damage caused to two power lines feeding Domodedovo Airport, causing a complete blackout of the airport and express ... | 29,652 |
206940 | Ice storm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice%20storm | Ice storm
o Airport, causing a complete blackout of the airport and express railway that connected it to the city. As a result, the airport was shut down and hundreds of passengers were stranded inside, with taxi drivers charging up to 10,000 rubles (US$330) for a one-hour drive to the city. Other city airports, Sherem... | 29,653 |
206938 | Johan Vilhelm Snellman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johan%20Vilhelm%20Snellman | Johan Vilhelm Snellman
Johan Vilhelm Snellman
Johan Vilhelm Snellman (; 12 May 1806, Stockholm – 4 July 1881, Kirkkonummi) was an influential Fennoman philosopher and Finnish statesman, ennobled in 1866.
Snellman was born in Stockholm, Sweden, the son of Kristian Henrik Snellman, a ship's captain. After the Russian c... | 29,654 |
206938 | Johan Vilhelm Snellman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johan%20Vilhelm%20Snellman | Johan Vilhelm Snellman
circle of Cygnaeus, Lönnrot, and Runeberg comprising the brightest of their generation. Snellman's lectures quickly became popular with the students, but in November 1838 his lectureship was temporarily recalled after a judicial proceeding that ultimately aimed to establish firm governmental cont... | 29,655 |
206938 | Johan Vilhelm Snellman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johan%20Vilhelm%20Snellman | Johan Vilhelm Snellman
starkly polemical periodicals, including the paper "Saima" in Swedish, which advocated the duty of the educated classes to take up the language of the then circa 85% majority of Finns, and develop Finnish into a language of the civilized world, useful for academic works, fine arts, state craft, a... | 29,656 |
206938 | Johan Vilhelm Snellman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johan%20Vilhelm%20Snellman | Johan Vilhelm Snellman
conditions until the death of Emperor Nicholas in 1855, when it again became possible for Snellman to publish periodical papers on political issues.
In 1856, Snellman was finally appointed professor, which was met with great satisfaction among politically interested Finns. However, Snellman's un... | 29,657 |
206938 | Johan Vilhelm Snellman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johan%20Vilhelm%20Snellman | Johan Vilhelm Snellman
against the Polish rebels of the January Uprising of 1863 was seen by many as the ultimate sign of unprincipled ingratiation.
In 1863 Snellman was called to a cabinet post in the Senate of Finland, in effect as Chancellor of the Exchequer, where he became an energetic and valued senator, accompl... | 29,658 |
206938 | Johan Vilhelm Snellman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johan%20Vilhelm%20Snellman | Johan Vilhelm Snellman
to the ruble. The Markka came to be of the utmost value for Finland. Snellman's tenure as Finance Minister would be tainted by the Finnish famine of 1866–1868, aggravated by the government's strict fiscal policy, but Snellman worked to get aid while trying to protect the new currency.
Snellman's... | 29,659 |
206938 | Johan Vilhelm Snellman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johan%20Vilhelm%20Snellman | Johan Vilhelm Snellman
Chamber of the parliament. Snellman never lost in popularity among his Fennoman followers, but he had become a highly divisive symbol in Finland's political landscape.
# See also.
Johan Vilhelm Snellman first appeared on a 1960 coin, commemorating the introduction of the markka denomination in ... | 29,660 |
206938 | Johan Vilhelm Snellman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johan%20Vilhelm%20Snellman | Johan Vilhelm Snellman
e depicts J.V. Snellman. It also depicts the logo of the Europe Coins Programme. The reverse design features represent the dawn of Finnish culture.
# Works.
In 1842 Snellman published his foremost work "Läran om staten" ("Study of the State").
# References.
- http://finland.fi/Public/default.... | 29,661 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
Weibull distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the Weibull distribution is a continuous probability distribution. It is named after Swedish mathematician Waloddi Weibull, who described it in detail in 1951, although it was first identified by and first applied by to describe a particle... | 29,662 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
particular, it interpolates between the exponential distribution ("k" = 1) and the Rayleigh distribution ("k" = 2 and formula_2).
If the quantity "X" is a "time-to-failure", the Weibull distribution gives a distribution for which the failure rate is proportional to a power of time. The "shape" par... | 29,663 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
diffusion of innovations, this means negative word of mouth: the hazard function is a monotonically decreasing function of the proportion of adopters;
- A value of formula_4 indicates that the failure rate is constant over time. This might suggest random external events are causing mortality, or f... | 29,664 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
of adopters. The function is first convex, then concave with an inflexion point at formula_6.
In the field of materials science, the shape parameter "k" of a distribution of strengths is known as the Weibull modulus. In the context of diffusion of innovations, the Weibull distribution is a "pure" ... | 29,665 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
scale parameter is formula_11.
# Properties.
## Density function.
The form of the density function of the Weibull distribution changes drastically with the value of "k". For 0 < "k" < 1, the density function tends to ∞ as "x" approaches zero from above and is strictly decreasing. For "k" = 1, th... | 29,666 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
1 the density has a finite negative slope at "x" = 0. For "k" = 2 the density has a finite positive slope at "x" = 0. As "k" goes to infinity, the Weibull distribution converges to a Dirac delta distribution centered at "x" = λ. Moreover, the skewness and coefficient of variation depend only on the... | 29,667 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
is
for 0 ≤ "p" 1.
The failure rate "h" (or hazard function) is given by
## Moments.
The moment generating function of the logarithm of a Weibull distributed random variable is given by
where is the gamma function. Similarly, the characteristic function of log "X" is given by
In particular, t... | 29,668 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
function of "X" itself. As a power series, since the raw moments are already known, one has
Alternatively, one can attempt to deal directly with the integral
If the parameter "k" is assumed to be a rational number, expressed as "k" = "p"/"q" where "p" and "q" are integers, then this integral can ... | 29,669 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
constant. The Weibull distribution is the maximum entropy distribution for a non-negative real random variate with a fixed expected value of "x equal to λ" and a fixed expected value of ln("x" ) equal to ln("λ" ) - formula_29.
## Parameter estimation.
### Maximum likelihood.
The maximum likeliho... | 29,670 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
estimator for the formula_31 parameter given formula_32 is
Also given that condition, the maximum likelihood estimator for formula_32 is
Again, this being an implicit function, one must generally solve for formula_32 by numerical means.
# Weibull plot.
The fit of data to a Weibull distribution ... | 29,671 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
if the data came from a Weibull distribution then a straight line is expected on a Weibull plot.
There are various approaches to obtaining the empirical distribution function from data: one method is to obtain the vertical coordinate for each point using formula_51 where formula_52 is the rank of ... | 29,672 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
is used
- In survival analysis
- In reliability engineering and failure analysis
- In electrical engineering to represent overvoltage occurring in an electrical system
- In industrial engineering to represent manufacturing and delivery times
- In extreme value theory
- In weather forecasting ... | 29,673 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
fading channel measurements
- In information retrieval to model dwell times on web pages.
- In general insurance to model the size of reinsurance claims, and the cumulative development of asbestosis losses
- In forecasting technological change (also known as the Sharif-Islam model)
- In hydrolo... | 29,674 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
Log-normal distribution and it is generally most accurate for narrow particle size distributions. The interpretation of the cumulative distribution function is that formula_57 is the mass fraction of particles with diameter smaller than formula_58, where formula_31 is the mean particle size and for... | 29,675 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
distribution (or 3-parameter Weibull) contains an additional parameter. It has the probability density function formula_64 for formula_65 and formula_66 for formula_67, where formula_68 is the shape parameter, formula_69 is the scale parameter and formula_70 is the location parameter of the distrib... | 29,676 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
distributed on formula_75, then the random variable formula_76 is Weibull distributed with parameters formula_32 and formula_31. (Note that formula_79 here is equivalent to formula_80 just above.) This leads to an easily implemented numerical scheme for simulating a Weibull distribution.
- The Wei... | 29,677 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
accommodates unimodal, bathtub shaped and monotone failure rates.
- The Weibull distribution is a special case of the generalized extreme value distribution. It was in this connection that the distribution was first identified by Maurice Fréchet in 1927. The closely related Fréchet distribution, n... | 29,678 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
distributions in comminution processes. In this context the cumulative distribution is given by formula_86 where
- formula_58 is the particle size
- formula_88 is the 80th percentile of the particle size distribution
- formula_89 is a parameter describing the spread of the distribution
- Becaus... | 29,679 |
206948 | Weibull distribution | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weibull%20distribution | Weibull distribution
ere
- formula_58 is the particle size
- formula_88 is the 80th percentile of the particle size distribution
- formula_89 is a parameter describing the spread of the distribution
- Because of its availability in spreadsheets, it is also used where the underlying behavior is actually better model... | 29,680 |
206954 | Product breakdown structure | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Product%20breakdown%20structure | Product breakdown structure
Product breakdown structure
In project management under the PRINCE2 methodology, a product breakdown structure (PBS) is a tool for analysing, documenting and communicating the outcomes of a project, and forms part of the product based planning technique.
The PBS provides "an exhaustive, hi... | 29,681 |
206954 | Product breakdown structure | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Product%20breakdown%20structure | Product breakdown structure
step in the planning process. The PBS precedes the WBS and focuses on cataloguing all the desired outputs (products) needed to achieve the goal of the project. This feeds into creation of the WBS, which identifies the tasks and activities required to deliver those outputs. Supporters of prod... | 29,682 |
206954 | Product breakdown structure | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Product%20breakdown%20structure | Product breakdown structure
ant to go, the WBS tells you how to get there".
# Example.
PBS of a computer (see image on right):
- Main unit
- Housing
- Motherboard
- CPU
- RAM chips
- FDD
- HDD
- Video card
- Sound card
- Network card
- LPT port card
- Monitor
- CRT
- Housing
- Electronic components
- ... | 29,683 |
206955 | Johanna Spyri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Spyri | Johanna Spyri
Johanna Spyri
Johanna Louise Spyri (née Heusser; ; 12 June 1827 – 7 July 1901) was a Swiss-born author of novels, notably children's stories, and is best known for her book "Heidi". Born in Hirzel, a rural area in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, as a child she spent several summers near Chur in Graubü... | 29,684 |
206955 | Johanna Spyri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Spyri | Johanna Spyri
and children appeared, among them the novel "Heidi", which she wrote in four weeks. "Heidi" tells the story of an orphan girl who lives with her grandfather in the Swiss Alps, and is famous for its vivid portrayal of the landscape.
Her husband and her only child, named Bernhard, both died in 1884. Alone,... | 29,685 |
206955 | Johanna Spyri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Spyri | Johanna Spyri
book written in 1830 by a German history teacher, Hermann Adam von Kamp, that Johanna may have used as a basis for Heidi. The 1830 story is titled "Adelheide - das Mädchen vom Alpengebirge"—translated, "Adelaide, the girl from the Alps". The two stories were alleged to share many similarities in plot line... | 29,686 |
206955 | Johanna Spyri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Spyri | Johanna Spyri
he doesn't, as well as the "Swiss disease" of homesickness already being a common trope in fiction in the eighteenth (nineteenth in the article) century (as well as, while not mentioned in the article, it being discovered before von Kamp was even born) and characters that are either drastically different ... | 29,687 |
206955 | Johanna Spyri | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johanna%20Spyri | Johanna Spyri
)
- "Rico and Wiseli" (1885)
- "Veronica And Other Friends" (1886)
- "What Sami Sings with the Birds" (1887)
- "Toni, the Little Woodcarver" (1890)
- "Erick and Sally" (1891)
- "Mäzli" (1891)
- "Cornelli" (1892)
- "Vinzi: A Story of the Swiss Alps" (1892)
- "Moni the Goat-Boy" (1897)
- "Little M... | 29,688 |
206957 | Wendell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wendell | Wendell
Wendell
Wendell is a name that has many uses:
# Places.
In the United States:
- Wendell, Idaho
- Wendell, Massachusetts
- Wendell, Minnesota
- Wendell, North Carolina
# People.
## First name.
- Wendell Alexis, American basketball player
- Wendell Anderson, American politician from Minnesota
- Wendel... | 29,689 |
206957 | Wendell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wendell | Wendell
Bahamian triple jumper
- Wendell Lucena Ramalho, Brazilian football goalkeeper and coach
- Wendell H. Murphy, American politician from North Carolina
- Wendell Cushing Neville, Commandant of the United States Marine Corps
- Wendell Phillips, American abolitionist and activist from Massachusetts
- Wendell P... | 29,690 |
206957 | Wendell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wendell | Wendell
Middle name.
- Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., poet and essayist
- Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
## Surname.
- Barrett Wendell, American academic
- David Wendell, Award-winning scientist
- James Wendell, 1912 Olympic silver medalist
- James A. Wendell, New York State Comptroll... | 29,691 |
206957 | Wendell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wendell | Wendell
- Percy Langdon Wendell, Harvard football captain
- Turk Wendell, American baseball player 1993-2004
# In fiction.
- Wendell Borton, a recurring character on the television series "The Simpsons"
- Wendel "Wen" Gifford, a character in the young adult novel "Lemonade Mouth".
- Wendell, a character from the c... | 29,692 |
206953 | Sandgrouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandgrouse | Sandgrouse
Sandgrouse
Sandgrouse is the common name for Pteroclidae, a family of sixteen species of bird, members of the order Pteroclidiformes. They are traditionally placed in two genera. The two central Asian species are classified as "Syrrhaptes" and the other fourteen species, from Africa and Asia, are placed in ... | 29,693 |
206953 | Sandgrouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandgrouse | Sandgrouse
sandgrouse occasionally breaks out in large numbers from its normal range in Asia.
# Description.
Sandgrouse have small, pigeon-like heads and necks and sturdy compact bodies. They range in size from in length and from in weight. The adults are sexually dimorphic with the males being slightly larger and mo... | 29,694 |
206953 | Sandgrouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandgrouse | Sandgrouse
growing on both the legs and toes and no hind toes, while members of the genus "Pterocles" have legs feathered just at the front, no feathers on the toes and rudimentary hind toes raised off the ground. The plumage is cryptic, generally being in shades of sandy brown, grey and buff, variously mottled and bar... | 29,695 |
206953 | Sandgrouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandgrouse | Sandgrouse
in this way is 15 to 20 millilitres (0.5 to 0.7 fluid ounce).
# Distribution.
Members of the genus "Syrrhaptes" are found in the steppes of central Asia. Their range extends from the Caspian Sea through southern Siberia, Tibet and Mongolia to northern and central China. They are normally resident, but Pall... | 29,696 |
206953 | Sandgrouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandgrouse | Sandgrouse
eastern and southern Africa though the range of some species extends into the Middle East and western Asia. The Madagascar sandgrouse is restricted to Madagascar. The black-bellied sandgrouse and the pin-tailed sandgrouse also occur in Spain, Portugal and southern France. Most species are sedentary though so... | 29,697 |
206953 | Sandgrouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandgrouse | Sandgrouse
small number of plant species being dominant. This may depend on local availability but in other cases it reflects actual selection of favoured seeds over others by the sandgrouse. Seeds of leguminous plants are usually an important part of the diet. In agricultural areas oats and other grain are readily tak... | 29,698 |
206953 | Sandgrouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandgrouse | Sandgrouse
are gregarious, feeding in flocks of up to 100 birds. As a consequence of their dry diet, they need to visit water sources regularly. Drinking times vary among the species. Ten species drink at dawn, four at dusk and two at indeterminate times. When drinking, water is sucked into the beak which is then raise... | 29,699 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.