wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
|---|---|---|---|---|
74655 | Gratian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gratian | Gratian
Gratian
Gratian (; ; ; 18 April/23 May 359 – 25 August 383) was Roman emperor from 367 to 383.
The eldest son of Valentinian I, Gratian accompanied, during his youth, his father on several campaigns along the Rhine and Danube frontiers. Upon the death of Valentinian in 375, Gratian's brother Valentinian II wa... | 37,500 |
74655 | Gratian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gratian | Gratian
the Goths. He favoured Christianity over traditional Roman religion, refusing the office of Pontifex maximus and removing the Altar of Victory from the Roman Senate.
# Life.
Gratian was the son of Emperor Valentinian I by Marina Severa, and was born at Sirmium (now Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia) in Pannonia. He w... | 37,501 |
74655 | Gratian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gratian | Gratian
367 he received from his father the title of "Augustus". When his father died on 17 November 375, Gratian began his actual reign at the age of sixteen. Six days later, Gratian's half brother Valentinian II, Valentinian's four-year old son by his second wife Justina, was also proclaimed Emperor by troops in Pann... | 37,502 |
74655 | Gratian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gratian | Gratian
at Mediolanum. The division, however, was merely nominal, and the real authority even in those provinces remained in the hands of Gratian.
Gratian, with the aid of his capable generals Mallobaudes, a king of the Franks, and Naniemus, completely defeated the Lentienses, the southernmost branch of the Alamanni, ... | 37,503 |
74655 | Gratian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gratian | Gratian
home.
Later that year, Gratian's uncle Valens met his death in the Battle of Adrianople against a coalition of hostile Gothic and Hunnic tribes who had rebelled after being settled in Thrace by the eastern emperor. Valens refused to wait for Gratian, who had promised to march to his aid as soon as the Alemanni... | 37,504 |
74655 | Gratian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gratian | Gratian
Hearing that the Germans were planning a new invasion in Gaul now that Gratian had departed from the province, and convinced that one emperor alone was incapable of repelling the inundation of foes on several different fronts, Gratian appointed the Spaniard Theodosius I Augustus on 19 January 379 to govern the ... | 37,505 |
74655 | Gratian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gratian | Gratian
justice, but at length, being deprived by death of some of his abler counselors, the promising young emperor neglected public affairs, and occupied himself chiefly with the hunting. He alienated the army and German auxiliaries by his favoritism towards his Frankish general Merobaudes and a body of Scythian arch... | 37,506 |
74655 | Gratian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gratian | Gratian
by his troops, fled to Lyon. There, through the treachery of the governor, Gratian was delivered over to one of the rebel generals, Andragathius, and assassinated on 25 August 383.
# Empire and Christianity.
The reign of Gratian forms an important epoch in church history, since during that period Nicene Chris... | 37,507 |
74655 | Gratian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gratian | Gratian
prohibited.
Gratian, under the influence of Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, took active steps against pagan worship. This brought to an end a period of widespread religious tolerance that had existed since the death of Julian.
In 382, Gratian appropriated the income of the pagan priests and Vestal Virgins, forbade ... | 37,508 |
74655 | Gratian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gratian | Gratian
red that all of the pagan temples and shrines were to be confiscated by the government and that their revenues were to be joined to the property of the royal treasury. According to Zosimus, Gratian was the first Emperor to reject the insignia of the "Pontifex Maximus". He ordered another removal of the Altar of... | 37,509 |
74651 | Santa Rosa County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20County,%20Florida | Santa Rosa County, Florida
Santa Rosa County, Florida
Santa Rosa County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of 2017 estimates, the population was 174,272. The county seat is Milton, which lies in the geographic center of the county. The largest communities are Navarre, Pace... | 37,510 |
74651 | Santa Rosa County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20County,%20Florida | Santa Rosa County, Florida
and to a lesser extent, Gulf Breeze. The county is quickly growing tourist destination because of its access to beaches and protected wilderness areas for kayaking, hiking, and camping.
# Geography.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (... | 37,511 |
74651 | Santa Rosa County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20County,%20Florida | Santa Rosa County, Florida
western end of the Fairpoint Peninsula, and along U.S. Highway 98. A section of Santa Rosa Island, containing the unincorporated community of Navarre Beach, is also part of South Santa Rosa County. Major bodies of water including Santa Rosa Sound, Pensacola Bay and East Bay strongly influence... | 37,512 |
74651 | Santa Rosa County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20County,%20Florida | Santa Rosa County, Florida
south of the extensive forests separating it from North Santa Rosa. The central section developed along "The Old Spanish Trail" that ran from St. Augustine on the Atlantic Ocean all the way to New Orleans, and further points west. Today, U.S. Highway 90 closely parallels the old trail. The co... | 37,513 |
74651 | Santa Rosa County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20County,%20Florida | Santa Rosa County, Florida
country. The only town in the north is Jay. Most development has been along State Road 4 which runs through the northern sections of Escambia, Santa Rosa, and Okaloosa counties. A large oil and natural gas field around Jay produced a great deal of oil, and made many farmers millionaires in th... | 37,514 |
74651 | Santa Rosa County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20County,%20Florida | Santa Rosa County, Florida
for the county during hurricanes.
## Adjacent counties.
- Escambia County, Alabama - north
- Okaloosa County, Florida - east
- Escambia County, Florida - west
# Government.
## Board of County Commissioners.
The Board of County Commissioners serves as the legislative and policy setting ... | 37,515 |
74651 | Santa Rosa County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20County,%20Florida | Santa Rosa County, Florida
particular districts for which they seek election. Each year the board organizes itself, selecting a chair and vice-chair from among its members to preside at commission meetings.
The commission meets in regular session beginning at 9:00 a.m. the second and fourth Thursday of the month in th... | 37,516 |
74651 | Santa Rosa County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20County,%20Florida | Santa Rosa County, Florida
housing units at an average density of 48 per square mile (19/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 90.72% White, 4.25% Black or African American, 1.01% Native American, 1.30% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.67% from other races, and 1.98% from two or more races. 2.52% of the population ... | 37,517 |
74651 | Santa Rosa County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20County,%20Florida | Santa Rosa County, Florida
size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.00.
In the county, the population was spread out with 26.60% under the age of 18, 7.20% from 18 to 24, 31.10% from 25 to 44, 24.10% from 45 to 64, and 11.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females,... | 37,518 |
74651 | Santa Rosa County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20County,%20Florida | Santa Rosa County, Florida
of those under age 18 and 7.50% of those age 65 or over.
# Libraries.
The Santa Rosa County Library System has five branches located in the following communities: Gulf Breeze, Jay, Milton, Navarre, and Pace.
# Communities.
## Cities.
- Gulf Breeze
- Milton
## Town.
- Jay
## Census-de... | 37,519 |
74651 | Santa Rosa County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20County,%20Florida | Santa Rosa County, Florida
Transportation.
## Airports.
- Fort Walton Beach Airport
- Peter Prince Field
# See also.
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Santa Rosa County, Florida
# External links.
## Media links.
- Gulf Breeze News
- Northwest Florida Daily News
- "Santa Rosa Press Gazette" ne... | 37,520 |
74651 | Santa Rosa County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20County,%20Florida | Santa Rosa County, Florida
links/Constitutional offices.
- Santa Rosa County Website
- Santa Rosa County Board of County Commissioners
- Santa Rosa County Supervisor of Elections
- Santa Rosa County Property Appraiser
- Santa Rosa County Sheriff's Office
- Santa Rosa County Tax Collector
- Santa Rosa Economic De... | 37,521 |
74651 | Santa Rosa County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa%20Rosa%20County,%20Florida | Santa Rosa County, Florida
County GIS Mapping System
### Special districts.
- Santa Rosa County School District
- Northwest Florida Water Management District
### Judicial branch.
- Santa Rosa County Clerk of Courts
- Public Defender, 1st Judicial Circuit of Florida serving Escambia, Santa Rosa, Okaloosa, and Walt... | 37,522 |
74659 | Bob Shaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Shaw | Bob Shaw
Bob Shaw
Robert "Bob" Shaw (31 December 1931 – 11 February 1996) was a science fiction writer and fan from Northern Ireland, noted for his originality and wit. He won the Hugo Award for Best Fan Writer in 1979 and 1980. His short story "Light of Other Days" was a Hugo Award nominee in 1967, as was his novel "... | 37,523 |
74659 | Bob Shaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Shaw | Bob Shaw
behind at Smithfield Market, where they were available for locals. He later described the experience as being more significant and long-lasting than taking LSD. He attended Belfast College of Technology. In 1950 he joined the group Irish Fandom, which also included another Northern Irish science fiction writer... | 37,524 |
74659 | Bob Shaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Shaw | Bob Shaw
others.
He gave up writing and went with his first wife Sadie (née Sarah Gourley) and their son and two daughters to live in Canada from 1956 to 1958. His novel "Vertigo" is set in Alberta, and "Orbitsville"'s limitless grasslands may have been influenced by this period in his life. Originally trained as a st... | 37,525 |
74659 | Bob Shaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Shaw | Bob Shaw
to Ulverston, then to Grappenhall in Warrington. Sadie died suddenly in 1991 and Shaw lived alone there for some years.
Shaw had nearly lost his sight through illness, and suffered migraine-induced visual disturbances throughout his life. These, and references to eyes and vision, appear as a theme in some of ... | 37,526 |
74659 | Bob Shaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Shaw | Bob Shaw
is the author of "Light of Other Days" (August 1966), the story that introduced the concept of slow glass, through which the past can be seen. Shaw sold this story to "Analog" editor John W. Campbell, who liked it so much Shaw wrote a sequel for him, "Burden of Proof", in May 1967. The original story was writt... | 37,527 |
74659 | Bob Shaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Shaw | Bob Shaw
of Eternity"). "Orbitsville" and its two sequels deal with the discovery of a habitable shell completely surrounding a star, and the consequences for humanity. It won him the 1976 British SF Association Award. Later in his career he wrote the Land trilogy ("The Ragged Astronauts", "The Wooden Spaceships" and "... | 37,528 |
74659 | Bob Shaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Shaw | Bob Shaw
many years, at the British science fiction convention Eastercon, he would deliver a humorous speech (often part of his famous series known by the tongue-in-cheek label of "Serious Scientific Talks"); these were eventually collected in "The Eastercon Speeches" (1979) and "A Load of Old Bosh" (1995), which inclu... | 37,529 |
74659 | Bob Shaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Shaw | Bob Shaw
Walk" (1967). Banner.
- "The Two-Timers" (1968). New York: Ace Books.
- "The Palace of Eternity" (1969). New York: Ace Pub. Corp.
- "The Shadow of Heaven" (1969). New York: Avon.
- "One Million Tomorrows" (1970). New York: Ace books.
- "Ground Zero Man" (1971). New York: Avon Books. – revised edition publ... | 37,530 |
74659 | Bob Shaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Shaw | Bob Shaw
London: Gollancz.
- "Cosmic Kaleidoscope" (1976). London: Gollancz. – collection.
- "Cosmic Kaleidoscope" (1977). New York: Doubleday – collection.
- "Medusa's Children" (1977). New York: Doubleday.
- The Warren Peace saga
- "Who Goes Here?" (1977). London: Gollancz. – reissued in 1988 with a short story ... | 37,531 |
74659 | Bob Shaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Shaw | Bob Shaw
with David A. Hardy).
- "Courageous New Planet" (1981). Birmingham Science Fiction Group – limited-edition chapbook.
- "A Better Mantrap" (1982). London: Gollancz – collection.
- "Fire Pattern" (1984). London: Gollancz.
- "Messages Found in an Oxygen Bottle" (1986). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Nesfa. – colle... | 37,532 |
74659 | Bob Shaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Shaw | Bob Shaw
Science Fiction Group – limited-edition chapbook.
## Nonfiction.
- "The Best of the Bushel" (1979)
- "The Eastercon Speeches" (1979)
- "How to Write Science Fiction" (1993)
- "A Load of Old BoSh" (1995) (includes "The Eastercon Speeches")
## Selected short stories.
- "Light of Other Days" (1966)
- "Ski... | 37,533 |
74659 | Bob Shaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Shaw | Bob Shaw
"The Eastercon Speeches" (1979)
- "How to Write Science Fiction" (1993)
- "A Load of Old BoSh" (1995) (includes "The Eastercon Speeches")
## Selected short stories.
- "Light of Other Days" (1966)
- "Skirmish on a Summer Morning" (1976)
- "Unreasonable Facsimile" (1974)
- "A Full Member of the Club" (197... | 37,534 |
74663 | Valentinian II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20II | Valentinian II
Valentinian II
Valentinian II (; 37115 May 392), was Roman Emperor from AD 375 to 392.
# Early life and accession (371–375).
Flavius Valentinianus was born to Emperor Valentinian I and his second wife, Justina. He was the half-brother of Valentinian's other son, Gratian, who had shared the imperial ti... | 37,535 |
74663 | Valentinian II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20II | Valentinian II
"augustus" on 22 November 375. The army, and its Frankish general Merobaudes, may have been uneasy about Gratian's lack of military ability, and so raised a boy who would not immediately aspire to military command.
# Reign from Milan (375–387).
Gratian, forced to accommodate the generals who supported ... | 37,536 |
74663 | Valentinian II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20II | Valentinian II
his Arian mother, the Empress Justina, and the imperial court at Milan, an influence contested by the Nicene bishop of Milan, Ambrose.
Justina used her influence over her young son to oppose the Nicean party which was championed by Ambrose. In 385 Ambrose refused an imperial request to hand over the Por... | 37,537 |
74663 | Valentinian II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20II | Valentinian II
and Valentinian against heresy, proclaiming universal toleration. When Ambrose was found, as no doubt she had intended, to have determinedly infracted the new laws, Justina again tried to have him banished, and Ambrose was forced to barricade himself, with the enthusiastic backing of the people, within t... | 37,538 |
74663 | Valentinian II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20II | Valentinian II
tried to restrain the despoiling of pagan temples in Rome. Buoyed by this instruction, the pagan senators, led by Aurelius Symmachus, the Prefect of Rome, petitioned in 384 for the restoration of the Altar of Victory in the Senate House, which had been removed by Gratian in 382. Valentinian, at the insis... | 37,539 |
74663 | Valentinian II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20II | Valentinian II
with the usurper, and Theodosius recognized Maximus as co-emperor of the West. In 386 or 387, Maximus crossed the Alps into the Po valley and threatened Milan. Valentinian II and Justina fled to Theodosius in Thessalonica. The latter came to an agreement, cemented by his marriage to Valentinian's sister ... | 37,540 |
74663 | Valentinian II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20II | Valentinian II
celebrations over Maximus. Valentinian and his court were installed at Vienne in Gaul, while Theodosius appointed key administrators in the West and had coins minted, which implied his guardianship over the 17-year-old. Justina had already died, and Vienne was far away from the influence of Ambrose. Theo... | 37,541 |
74663 | Valentinian II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20II | Valentinian II
at his age. Arbogast's domination over the emperor was considerable, and the general even murdered Harmonius, a friend of Valentinian suspected of taking bribes, in the emperor's presence.
The crisis reached a peak when Arbogast prohibited the emperor from leading the Gallic armies into Italy to oppose ... | 37,542 |
74663 | Valentinian II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20II | Valentinian II
he invited Ambrose to come to Vienne to baptize him.
On 15 May 392, Valentinian was found hanged in his residence in Vienne. Arbogast maintained that the emperor's death was suicide. Most sources agree, however, that Arbogast murdered him with his own hands, or paid the Praetorians. Zosimus writing in t... | 37,543 |
74663 | Valentinian II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20II | Valentinian II
the bishop dissemble on this key question.
The young man's body was conveyed in ceremony to Milan for burial by Ambrose, mourned by his sisters Justa and Grata. He was laid in a porphyry sarcophagus next to his brother Gratian, most probably in the Chapel of Sant'Aquilino attached to San Lorenzo.
At fi... | 37,544 |
74663 | Valentinian II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20II | Valentinian II
Civil war ensued and, in 394, Theodosius defeated Eugenius and Arbogast at the Battle of Frigidus River.
# Significance.
Valentinian himself seems to have exercised no real authority, and was a figurehead for various powerful interests: his mother, his co-emperors, and powerful generals. Since the Cris... | 37,545 |
74663 | Valentinian II | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20II | Valentinian II
Diocletian and his collegiate system which collapsed a year after his death in 305. While Constantine I and his sons while strong military figures re-established the practice of hereditary succession adopted by Valentinian I. The obvious flaw in these two competing requirements came in the reign of Valen... | 37,546 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
Valentinian III
Valentinian III (; 2 July 41916 March 455) was Western Roman Emperor from 425 to 455. His reign was marked by the ongoing collapse of the Western Empire.
# Family.
Valentinian was born in the western capital of Ravenna, the only son of Galla Placidia and Flavius Constantius. His mothe... | 37,547 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
and first cousin to Theodosius II (the son of Honorius' brother Arcadius), who was eastern emperor for most of Valentinian's life. Valentinian had a full sister, Justa Grata Honoria, who was probably born in 417 or 418 (the history of Paul the Deacon mentions her first when mentioning the children of th... | 37,548 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
his death seven months later. As a result of all these family ties, Valentinian was the son, grandson, great-grandson, cousin, and nephew (twice over) of Roman Emperors.
# Infancy and regency of Galla Placidia (421–437).
In either 421 or 423, Valentinian was given the title of Nobilissimus by Honorius... | 37,549 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
died, and the usurper Joannes took power in Rome. To counter this threat to his power, Theodosius belatedly recognised Valentinian's father as "Augustus" and nominated the 5-year-old Valentinian "Caesar" of the West in October 23, 424. Theodosius also betrothed him to his own daughter Licinia Eudoxia (w... | 37,550 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
Galla Placidia, one of whose first acts was to install Felix as the Magister utriusque militiae in the west. Her regency lasted until 437, and, for the duration, Theodosius II gave her his full support. This period was marked by a vigorous imperial policy and an attempt to stabilize the western province... | 37,551 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
in 427 and 428. In addition, there were significant victories over the Visigoths in Gaul in 426/7 and 430 and the Franks along the Rhine in 428 and 432.
Nevertheless, there were significant problems that threatened the viability of the Roman state in the west. The Visigoths were a constant presence in ... | 37,552 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
in consequence.
In addition, the initial period of Valentinian's reign was dominated by the struggle among the leaders of the three principal army groups of the west – Flavius Felix, the senior "Magister militum praesentalis", Bonifacius, the "Magister militum per Africam" and Flavius Aetius, the "Magi... | 37,553 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
to defeat Sigisvultus, whom Galla Placidia had sent to deal with the rebel. Bonifacius, therefore, entered into an agreement with the Vandals to come to his aid and, in return, they would divide the African provinces between themselves. Concerned by this turn of events and determined to hold onto the Af... | 37,554 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
and gave it to Bonifacius. In the civil war that followed, Bonifacius defeated Aetius at the Battle of Ravenna, but died of his wounds. Aetius fled to the Huns and, with their help, was able to persuade the court to reinstate him to his old position of "Magister militum praesentalis" in 434. As a conseq... | 37,555 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
return to Rome, he was nominally the emperor, but in truth the management of imperial policy in the west was in the hands of Aetius.
# Ascendancy of Aetius (437–455).
From 436 to 439, Aetius was focused on the situation in Gaul. Serious Gothic defeats in 437 and 438 were undone by a Roman defeat in 43... | 37,556 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
prevent the Vandals completely overrunning the remaining western African provinces, culminating in the fall of Carthage on 19 October 439. This was a major blow because taxes and foodstuffs from these wealthy provinces supported Rome. By 440, Vandal fleets were ravaging Sicily and Aetius coordinated a j... | 37,557 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
western Numidia, in exchange for which Rome was returned the now devastated provinces of Tripolitana, Mauretania Sitifensis, Mauretania Caesariensis, and part of Numidia. Regardless, however, Gaiseric had soon retaken Mauretania Sitifensis and Mauretania Caesariensis, as well as taking Sardinia and Cors... | 37,558 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
Huneric was already married to the daughter of the king of the Visigoths, so the idea was abandoned.
Spain as well continued to slip away from imperial control during the early to mid 440s as the Suebi extended their control. By 444, all the Spanish provinces bar Hispania Tarraconensis had been lost to... | 37,559 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
of their exemptions from the recruitment tax.
In that year, two additional taxes were issued in Valentinian's name, one a sales tax of around four percent and another on the senatorial class, specifically to raise new troops as well as feeding and clothing them. Senators of illustrious rank were requir... | 37,560 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
Huns continued to pressure the Danubian provinces in the 440s. Sometime before 449, Valentinian granted the honorary title of Magister militum of the western empire upon their chieftain, Attila the Hun, and the western court was relieved when he concentrated on raiding the eastern empire's provinces in ... | 37,561 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
the Gallic provinces, after securing peace with the eastern court. Valentinian was furious over the invasion. The man Honoria sent to Attila with the offer was tortured to reveal all the details of the arrangement and then beheaded. It took a great deal of persuading for Valentinian's mother to get her ... | 37,562 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
met Hunnic forces at the Battle of Châlons, resulting in a victory for Aetius, who sought to retain his position by allowing Attila and a significant number of his troops to escape.
This allowed Attila to regroup, and, in 452, Attila invaded Italy. He sacked and destroyed Aquileia and took Verona and V... | 37,563 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
threat of famine, and news that the Eastern Emperor Marcian had launched an attack on Hun homelands along the Danube, forced Attila to turn around and leave Italy. The death of Attila in Pannonia in 453 and the power struggle that erupted between his sons ended the Hunnic threat to the empire.
# Assass... | 37,564 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
reported that Aetius was presenting a financial statement before the Emperor when Valentinian suddenly leapt from his throne and accused him of drunken depravity. He held him responsible for the empire's tribulations and accused him of plotting to take the empire away from him. Valentinian then drew his... | 37,565 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
himself was assassinated in Rome by two Scythian followers of Aetius: Optelas and Thraustelas. According to Priscus, these men were put up to it by Petronius Maximus, whose aims of political advancement were thwarted by Heraclius. He may also have been taking revenge for the rape of his wife Lucina by V... | 37,566 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
a swarm of bees appeared and sucked up his blood.
The day after the assassination Petronius Maximus had himself proclaimed emperor by the remnants of the Western Roman army after paying a large donative. He was not as prepared as he thought to take over and stabilize the depleted empire, however; after... | 37,567 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
He is described as spoiled, pleasure-loving, and heavily influenced by sorcerers and astrologers. Valentinian was devoted to religion, contributing to churches of Saint Lawrence in both Rome and Ravenna.
He also handed over greater authority to the Papacy. On 6 June 445, he issued a decree which recogn... | 37,568 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
was also consumed by trivialities: during the 430s, he began expelling all Jews from the Roman army because he was fearful of their supposed ability to corrupt the Christians they were serving with.
According to Edward Gibbon, Valentinian III was a poor emperor:
He faithfully imitated the hereditary w... | 37,569 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
arts of magic and divination.
John Bagnall Bury was equally scathing:
Though he had ruled for thirty years, Valentinian had influenced the destinies of his empire even less than his uncle Honorius. He only flashed once into action, when, piqued by the presumption of Aetius in aspiring to connect himse... | 37,570 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
and vindictiveness.
# Portrayal in culture.
- Valentinian III's life was dramatized by John Fletcher in his play "Valentinian", c. 1612 (published 1647).
- He also appears in Metastasio's opera libretto "Ezio", set by Handel for his 1731 opera, by Gluck for his 1750 opera, and by a number of other co... | 37,571 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
in the 2001 miniseries "Attila".
- Valentinian III was portrayed by Alexander Vlahos in the 2016 History Channel docudrama miniseries "Barbarians Rising".
- Valentinian III was played by Walter Coy in the 1954 film "Sign of the Pagan".
# See also.
- Flavia (gens)
# References.
## Primary sources.
... | 37,572 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
antiquity : empire and successors, A.D. 425–600" (ed. Averil Cameron and Bryan Ward-Perkins) (2000), pgs. 1–32
- Martindale, J. R., "The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire", Vol. II, Cambridge University Press (1980)
- Bury, J. B., "A History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene", Vol... | 37,573 |
74647 | Valentinian III | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentinian%20III | Valentinian III
il Cameron and Bryan Ward-Perkins) (2000), pgs. 1–32
- Martindale, J. R., "The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire", Vol. II, Cambridge University Press (1980)
- Bury, J. B., "A History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene", Vol. I (1889)
- Oost, "Galla Placidia Augusta", University P... | 37,574 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
Sarasota County, Florida
Sarasota County is located in Southwest Florida on the Gulf Coast. As of the 2010 US Census, the population was 379,448. Its county seat is Sarasota (with an estimated 2016 population of 56,610) and its largest city is North Port with an estimated 2016 population of 64... | 37,575 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
organizations. Manatee County was carved up to allow the creation of three more counties as well.
Although the name was associated with the area from the beginning of European contacts the origin of the name, Sarasota, is unknown. Some believe a fanciful story created for a popular early twent... | 37,576 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
in what now is southern Sarasota County (having been Manatee County from 1855 until 1921).
The following is a transcript from a Sarasota County historical marker that was erected in a park dedicated to Anderson on Manasota Key.
# Geography.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has... | 37,577 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
Myakka Islands Point
- Old Miakka Preserve
- Pinelands Reserve
- Pocono Trail Preserve
- Red Bug Slough
- Sleeping Turtles South
- Sleeping Turtles North
- South Lemon Bay Preserve
- T. Mabry Carlton Reserve
# Government and politics.
Sarasota County is one of only 20 Florida counties... | 37,578 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
dominated the county commission and other countywide elected positions.
## Public safety.
### Fire/EMS.
The Sarasota County Fire Department (SCFD) provides fire services to the City of Sarasota and all unincorporated areas of the county with the exception of areas covered by the Nokomis and ... | 37,579 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
along with operating the county's jail and providing courtroom security. SSO also operates the county's primary 911 center. The cities of Sarasota, North Port and Venice along with the Town of Longboat Key each have their own police departments. The Florida Highway Patrol is responsible for pat... | 37,580 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
Each agency has jurisdiction in neighboring Manatee County as well; each agency's properties extend into that county.
## Party for Socialism and Liberation - Florida.
The Party for Socialism and Liberation has its state headquarters in Sarasota, Florida.
## Voter Registration.
All voter inf... | 37,581 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
highways and state roads.
- Interstate 75 — North-south limited-access freeway, and has ten interchanges within Sarasota County. Major north-south highway in Sarasota County. It is the high-speed connection with other cities such as Tampa, Florida and Fort Myers, Florida. Interstate 75 heads e... | 37,582 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
in the city of Sarasota, east of Tamiami Trail, and runs north-south through the county.
- State Road 789 — Gulf of Mexico Drive
- State Road 758 — Midnight Pass Road, Higel Avenue, Siesta Drive, South Osprey Avenue, Bee Ridge Road
- State Road 780 — Fruitville Road
- State Road 776 — Engle... | 37,583 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
plus a dial-a-ride paratransit service (SCAT Plus).
# Demographics.
As of the census of 2000, there were 325,957 people, 149,937 households, and 94,460 families residing in the county. The population density was 570 people per square mile (220/km). There were 182,467 housing units at an avera... | 37,584 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
Estimates for 2005 show the county population as being 87.5% non-Hispanic whites, 6.3% Latinos, 4.5% African-American and 1.1% Asian.
In 2000, there were 149,957 households out of which 18.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.70% were married couples living together, 7.70%... | 37,585 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
from 45 to 64, and 31.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females there were 90.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.30 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $41,957, and the median income for a family... | 37,586 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
top private employers for Sarasota County are as follows:
- 1. Sarasota Memorial Health Care System (4,563)
- 2. PGT Innovations (2,000)
- 3. Publix (1,733)
- 4. Venice Regional Medical Center (812)
- 5. Sun Hydraulics (632)
- 6. Tervis Tumbler (570)
- 7. Shared Services Center Sarasota ... | 37,587 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
(2,079)
# Sports and recreation.
Sarasota County is home to Ed Smith Stadium, where the Baltimore Orioles currently have spring training. The Orioles also have minor league facilities at Twin Lakes Park. In January 2017, the Braves announced a formal agreement to move their Spring Training ho... | 37,588 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
Ringling College of Art and Design - A private, 4 year, not-for-profit, fully accredited college with concentrations in art and design.
- State College of Florida, Manatee–Sarasota - South Venice Campus of SCF.
- University of South Florida Sarasota-Manatee - Branch campus of USF.
## Museums... | 37,589 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
and valid library cards may be used to check out materials at all ten Sarasota County libraries. Manatee and Charlotte County residents, as well as library users from any of the Tampa Bay Library Consortium libraries may register as reciprocal borrowers and check out materials in Sarasota Count... | 37,590 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
Cloud Library, OverDrive, Inc. and Freegal Music. Ask a Librarian, the on-line Florida librarian reference system is available through the Sarasota County Public Library System.
Sarasota County residents have access to the Pinellas Talking Book Library as well as a Books-by-Mail service. The S... | 37,591 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
between the Libraries and Historical Resources department, the Parks, Recreation and Natural Resources department and the UF/IFAS Sarasota County Extension and Sustainability department. The Sarasota County Little Free Libraries have been placed at thirteen different county parks and recreation... | 37,592 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
and Venice by Jean McGuire. Joan Hopkins directed and coordinated library services for the rapidly growing population. She directed the establishment of Gulf Gate Public Library, North Port Public Library, Frances T. Bourne Jacaranda Public Library and the new downtown Sarasota library, and lai... | 37,593 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
"Scene Magazine", a civic, business and social publication serving Sarasota and Manatee counties.
- Observer Media Group newspapers: "East County Observer", "Longboat Observer", "Sarasota Observer", "Siesta Key Observer".
- "The Sarasota News Leader" - online weekly news.
- "Venice Gondolier... | 37,594 |
74652 | Sarasota County, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasota%20County,%20Florida | Sarasota County, Florida
(School Board) and BLAB TV (local programming).
## Radio.
- WSLR-LP - (96.5 community radio).
# Communities.
## Cities.
- North Port
- Sarasota
- Venice
## Town.
- Longboat Key
## Census-designated places.
- Bee Ridge
- Desoto Lakes
- Englewood
- Fruitville
- Gulf Gate Estates
-... | 37,595 |
74641 | George Gamow | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George%20Gamow | George Gamow
George Gamow
George Gamow (March 4, 1904 – August 19, 1968), born Georgiy Antonovich Gamov, was a Soviet-American theoretical physicist and cosmologist. He was an early advocate and developer of Lemaître's Big Bang theory. He discovered a theoretical explanation of alpha decay via quantum tunneling, and w... | 37,596 |
74641 | George Gamow | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George%20Gamow | George Gamow
Some of his books are still in print more than a half-century after their original publication.
# Early life and career.
Gamow was born in Odessa, Russian Empire. His father taught Russian language and literature in high school, and his mother taught geography and history at a school for girls. In additi... | 37,597 |
74641 | George Gamow | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George%20Gamow | George Gamow
the University of Leningrad (1923–1929). Gamow studied under Alexander Friedmann for some time in Leningrad, until Friedmann's early death in 1925. He aspired to do his doctoral thesis under Friedmann, but had to change dissertation advisors. At the University, Gamow made friends with three other students ... | 37,598 |
74641 | George Gamow | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George%20Gamow | George Gamow
into the atomic nucleus provided the basis for his doctorate. He then worked at the Theoretical Physics Institute of the University of Copenhagen from 1928 to 1931, with a break to work with Ernest Rutherford at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. He continued to study the atomic nucleus (proposing the ... | 37,599 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.