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206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
of Commons that praised Maurice as a "model Royal Commissioner". Close ended his monograph with these words: "Professor Maurice remained firmly and conscientiously opposed to the Acts to the very last."
Final years
In spite of terminal illness, Maurice continued giving his professorial lectu... | 4,200 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
receiving Holy Communion, with great effort he pronounced the blessing, became unconscious and died.
## Conflicting opinions of Maurice's thinking.
In a letter of 2 April 1833 to Richard Chenevix Trench, Maurice lamented the current "spirit" of "conflicting opinions" that "cramps our energie... | 4,201 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
power wasted in Maurice than in any other of my contemporaries”.
Hugh Walker in a study of Victorian literature found other examples of conflicting opinions.
- Charles Kingsley pronounced Maurice "a great and rare thinker".
- Aubrey Thomas de Vere compared listening to Maurice to "eating pe... | 4,202 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
like his sermons very much". Maurice held the benefice of the chapel of St. Peter's, Vere Street from 1860–1869.
M. E. Grant Duff in his diary for 22 April 1855, wrote that he "went, as usual about this time, to hear F.D. Maurice preach at Lincoln's Inn. I suppose I must have heard him, first... | 4,203 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
Magazine, Volume 38" (January 1879), contained this appreciation of Maurice.
"Mr. Maurice's characteristics are well known and becoming every year more highly appreciated—broad catholicity, keeness of insight, powerful mental grasp, fearlessness of utterance and devoutness of spirit."
Leslie... | 4,204 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
but an inclination and determination of the feelings' ".
# Social activism.
"The demand for political and economic righteousness is one of the principal themes of Maurice's theology." Maurice practiced his theology by going "quietly on bearing the chief burthen of some of the most important ... | 4,205 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
but he believed that "Christianity rather than secularist doctrines was the only sound foundation for social reconstruction."
Maurice "disliked competition as fundamentally unchristian, and wished to see it, at the social level, replaced by co-operation, as expressive of Christian brotherhood... | 4,206 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
lasting consequences as seen in the following sub-section on the "Society for Promoting Working Men's Associations"
In 1854, there were eight Co-operative Productive Associations in London and fourteen in the Provinces. These included breweries, flour mills, tailors, hat makers, builders, pri... | 4,207 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
the only foundation of Socialism, and that a true Socialism is the necessary result of a sound Christianity."
Maurice has been characterized as "the "spiritual" leader" of the Christian socialists because he was more interested in disseminating its theological foundations than "their practica... | 4,208 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
of its order and harmony, the only secret of its existence, in God.
Society for Promoting Working Men's Associations
Early in 1850 the Christian socialists started a working men’s association for tailors in London, followed by associations for other trades. To promote this movement, a Societ... | 4,209 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
more of the associations succeeded; others still failed or were replaced by a later "cooperative movement. The lasting legacy of the Christian socialists was that, in 1852, they influenced the passage of an act in Parliament which gave "a legal status to co-operative bodies" such as working me... | 4,210 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
their labour."
In testimony from representatives of "Co-operative Societies" during 1892–1893 to the Royal Commission on Labour for the House of Commons, one witness applauded the contribution of Christian socialists to the "present cooperative movement" by their formulating the idea in the 1... | 4,211 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
and press, from loyal friends and honest opponents, the tribute to the worth of Mr. Maurice was both sincere and generous."
## Personal legacy.
Maurice’s close friends were "deeply impressed with the spirituality of his character". His wife observed that whenever Maurice was awake in the nig... | 4,212 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
More importantly, Maurice instilled in students "the habit of inquiry and research" and a "desire for knowledge and the process of independent thought."
## Written legacy.
Maurice's written legacy includes "nearly 40 volumes", and they hold "a permanent place in the history of thought in his... | 4,213 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
teaching, writing, guiding, organizing; training up others to do the same kind of work, but giving them something of his spirit, never simply his views." He drew out "all the best that was in others, never trying to force himself upon them." With his opponents, Maurice tried to find some "comm... | 4,214 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
ideas were reflected a half-century later by William Reed Huntington and the Chicago-Lambeth Quadrilateral. The modern ecumenical movement also incorporated Maurice's ideas contained in his "The Kingdom of Christ".
## Decline and revival of interest in legacy.
Interest in the vast legacy of ... | 4,215 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
this period, twenty-three (some only in part) books about Maurice have been published as can be seen in the References section of this article.
Maurice is honoured with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) of the 1979 Book of Common Prayer on 1 April as "Freder... | 4,216 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
"The FD Maurice Lectures" in 1933 in honour of Maurice. Maurice, who was Professor of English Literature and History (1840–1846) and then Professor of Theology (1846–1853)."
# Writings.
Maurice's writings result from diligent work on his part. As a rule he "rose early" and did his socializin... | 4,217 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
first delivered as sermons or lectures."
- "Eustace Conway, or the Brother and Sister"], a novel in three volumes (1834): Volume 1, "Volume 2", and "Volume 3"
- "Subscription no Bondage, Or The Practical Advantages Afforded by the Thirty-nine Articles as Guides in All the Branches of Academi... | 4,218 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
Jerusalem Bishopric" (1842)
- "Right and Wrong Methods of Supporting Protestantism: A Letter to Lord Ashley" (1843)
- "Christmas Day and Other Sermons" (1843)
- "The New Statute and Dr Ward: A Letter to a Non-resident Member of Convocation" (1845)
- "Thoughts on the Rule of Conscientious S... | 4,219 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
its Objects and Methods" (1848)
- "Moral and Metaphysical Philosophy" (at first an article in the "Encyclopædia Metropolitana", 1848) Volume 1 "Ancient Philosophy" Volume 2 "The Christian Fathers" Volume 3 "Mediaeval Philosophy" Volume 4 "Modern Philosophy"
- "The Prayer Book, Considered Esp... | 4,220 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
the Wicked: A Letter to Dr Jelf " (1853)
- "Theological Essays" (1853)
- "The Prophets and Kings of the Old Testament: a series of sermons" (1853)
- "The Unity of the New Testament: A Synopsis of the First Three Gospels and of the Epistles of St. James, St. Jude, St. Peter, and St. Paul" in... | 4,221 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
volume (1879)
- "Learning and Working: six lectures" and "The Religion of Rome: 4 lectures" (1855)
- "The Patriarchs and Lawgivers of the Old Testament: a series of sermons" (1855)
- "The Gospel of St John: a series of discourses" (1857)
- "The Epistles of St John: a series of lectures on ... | 4,222 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
Book of Revelation of St John the Divine" (1861)
- "Dialogues Between a Clergyman and a Layman on Family Worship" (1862)
- "Claims of the Bible and of Science : Correspondence Between a Layman and the Rev. F. D. Mauhice on Some Questions Arising out of the Controversy Respecting the Pentateu... | 4,223 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
Ground and Object of Hope for Mankind: four university sermons" (1867)
- "The Workman and the Franchise: Chapters from English History on the Representation and Education of the People" (1866)
- "The Conscience: Lectures on Casuistry" (1868)
- "Social Morality: twenty-one lectures delivered... | 4,224 |
206518 | Frederick Denison Maurice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick%20Denison%20Maurice | Frederick Denison Maurice
e Franchise: Chapters from English History on the Representation and Education of the People" (1866)
- "The Conscience: Lectures on Casuistry" (1868)
- "Social Morality: twenty-one lectures delivered in the University of Cambridge" (1869)
- "The Lord's Prayer, a Manual" (1870).
- "The Frie... | 4,225 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
William Adams (24 September 1564 – 16 May 1620), known in Japanese as Miura Anjin (三浦按針: "the pilot of Miura"), was an English navigator who, in 1600, was the first of his nation to reach Japan during a five-ship expedition for the Dutch East India Co... | 4,226 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
to the "shōgun" Tokugawa Ieyasu. Adams directed construction for the "shōgun" of the first Western-style ships in the country. He was later key to Japan's approving the establishment of trading factories by the Netherlands and England. He was also highly involved in Japan's Red Seal As... | 4,227 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
the next twelve years learning shipbuilding, astronomy, and navigation before entering the Royal Navy.
With England at war with Spain, Adams served in the Royal Navy under Sir Francis Drake. He saw naval service against the Spanish Armada in 1588 as master of the "Richarde Dyffylde", ... | 4,228 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
because he never referred to such an expedition in his autobiographical letter written from Japan; its wording implies that the 1598 voyage was his first involvement with the Dutch. The Jesuit source may have misattributed to Adams a claim by one of the Dutch members of Mahu's crew who... | 4,229 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
Dutch were allied with England and as well as fellow Protestants, they too were also at war with Spain fighting for their independence.
The Adams brothers set sail from Rotterdam in June 1598 on the "Hoope" and joined with the rest of the fleet on 24 June. The fleet consisted of:
- t... | 4,230 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
van Boekhout (d. 1599), and finally, Baltazar de Cordes; and
- the "Blijde Boodschap" ("Good Tiding" or "The Gospel"), under Sebald de Weert, and later, Dirck Gerritz.
The fleet's original mission was to sail for the west coast of South America, where they would sell their cargo for ... | 4,231 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
the Straits of Magellan. Scattered by stress of weather and after several disasters in the South Atlantic, only three ships of the five made it through the Magellan Straits. (The "Blijde Boodschap" was adrift after being disabled in bad weather and was captured by a Spanish ship. The "... | 4,232 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
had arrived by the spring of 1599. The captains of both vessels, together with Adams' brother Thomas and twenty other men, lost their lives in a violent encounter with natives. The "Trouw" later reached Tidore (Indonesia). The crew were killed by the Portuguese in January 1601.
In fea... | 4,233 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
Japan.
In April 1600, after more than nineteen months at sea, a crew of twenty-three sick and dying men (out of the 100 who started the voyage) brought the "Liefde" to anchor off the island of Kyūshū, Japan. Its cargo consisted of eleven chests of trade goods: coarse woolen cloth, gla... | 4,234 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
priests claiming that Adams' ship was a pirate vessel and that the crew should be executed as pirates. The ship was seized and the sickly crew were imprisoned at Osaka Castle on orders by Tokugawa Ieyasu, the "daimyō" of Edo and future "shōgun." The nineteen bronze cannon of the "Liefd... | 4,235 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
before the king, he viewed me well, and seemed to be wonderfully favourable. He made many signs unto me, some of which I understood, and some I did not. In the end, there came one that could speak Portuguese. By him, the king demanded of me of what land I was, and what moved us to come... | 4,236 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
he asked me, in what I did believe? I said, in God, that made heaven and earth. He asked me diverse other questions of things of religions, and many other things: As what way we came to the country. Having a chart of the whole world, I showed him, through the Strait of Magellan. At whi... | 4,237 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
was no cause that he should put us to death; with which they were out of heart that their cruel pretence failed them. For which God be forever praised. (William Adams' letter to his wife)
Ieyasu ordered the crew to sail the "Liefde" from Bungo to Edo where, rotten and beyond repair, s... | 4,238 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
used to survey the Japanese coast. The "shōgun" ordered a larger ship of 120 tons to be built the following year; it was slightly smaller than the "Liefde", which was 150 tons. According to Adams, Tokugawa "came aboard to see it, and the sight whereof gave him great content". In 1610, ... | 4,239 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
pursue foreign trade. Most of the survivors left Japan in 1605 with the help of the "daimyō" of Hirado. Although Adams did not receive permission to leave Japan until 1613, Melchior van Santvoort and Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn engaged in trade between Japan and Southeast Asia and repo... | 4,240 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
Adams is also recorded as having chartered Red Seal Ships during his later travels to Southeast Asia. (The "Ikoku Tokai Goshuinjō" has a reference to Miura Anjin receiving a "shuinjō", a document bearing a red Shogunal seal authorising the holder to engage in foreign trade, in 1614.)
... | 4,241 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
he had access to Ieyasu and entered the palace at any time"; he also described him as "a great engineer and mathematician".
Adams had a wife and children in England, but Ieyasu forbade the Englishman to leave Japan. He was presented with two swords representing the authority of a Samu... | 4,242 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
a high-prestige position as a direct retainer in the "shōgun"s court.
Adams was given generous revenues: "For the services that I have done and do daily, being employed in the Emperor's service, the emperor has given me a living" ("Letters"). He was granted a fief in Hemi (Jpn: 逸見) wi... | 4,243 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
voyage that had initially brought him to Japan.
Adams's estate was located next to the harbour of Uraga, the traditional point of entrance to Edo Bay. There he was recorded as dealing with the cargoes of foreign ships. John Saris related that when he visited Edo in 1613, Adams had res... | 4,244 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
married from affection rather than for social reasons. Adams and Oyuki had a son Joseph and a daughter Susanna. Adams was constantly traveling for work. Initially, he tried to organise an expedition in search of the Arctic passage that had eluded him previously.
Adams had a high regar... | 4,245 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
Establishment of the Dutch East India Company in Japan.
In 1604 Ieyasu sent the "Liefde"'s captain, Jacob Quaeckernaeck, and the treasurer, Melchior van Santvoort, on a "shōgun"-licensed Red Seal Ship to Patani in Southeast Asia. He ordered them to contact the Dutch East India Company... | 4,246 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
Jacques Specx, "De Griffioen" (the "Griffin", 19 cannons) and "Roode Leeuw met Pijlen" (the "Red lion with arrows", 400 tons, 26 cannons), were sent from Holland and reached Japan on 2 July 1609. The men of this Dutch expeditionary fleet established a trading base or "factory" on Hirad... | 4,247 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
now settled (in Japan) and I have got them that privilege as the Spaniards and Portingals could never get in this 50 or 60 years in Japan.
After obtaining this trading right through an edict of Tokugawa Ieyasu on 24 August 1609, the Dutch inaugurated a trading factory in Hirado on 20 ... | 4,248 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
them to engage in trade with Japan which "the Hollanders have here an Indies of money."
In 1613, the English captain John Saris arrived at Hirado in the ship "Clove," intending to establish a trading factory for the British East India Company. The Dutch East India Company (VOC) alread... | 4,249 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
dress and spoke Japanese fluently. Adams estimated the cargo of the "Clove" was of little value, essentially broadcloth, tin and cloves (acquired in the Spice Islands), saying that "such things as he had brought were not very vendible".
Adams traveled with Saris to Suruga, where they ... | 4,250 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
of armour for King James I. As of 2015, one of these suits of armour is housed in the Tower of London, the other is on display in the Royal Armouries Museum, Leeds. The suits were made by Iwai Yozaemon of Nanbu. They were part of a series of presentation armours of ancient 15th-century... | 4,251 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
him back to England: "I answered him I had spent in this country many years, through which I was poor... [and] desirous to get something before my return". His true reasons seem to lie rather with his profound antipathy for Saris: "The reason I would not go with him was for diverse inj... | 4,252 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
Richard Cocks and together with six other compatriots (Tempest Peacock, Richard Wickham, William Eaton, Walter Carwarden, Edmund Sayers and William Nealson), in organising this new English settlement.
Adams had advised Saris against the choice of Hirado, which was small and far away f... | 4,253 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
helped support the factory was that organised between Japan and South-East Asia; this was chiefly Adams selling Chinese goods for Japanese silver:
Were it not for hope of trade into China, or procuring some benefit from Siam, Pattania and Cochin China, it were no staying in Japon, yet... | 4,254 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
ship. The Jesuits' willingness to disobey the order by Ieyasu prohibiting Adams from leaving Japan showed that they feared his growing influence. Catholic priests asserted that he was trying to discredit them. In 1614, Carvalho complained of Adams and other merchants in his annual lett... | 4,255 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
Japanese Catholics abandon their faith. Adams apparently warned Ieyasu against Spanish approaches as well.
# Character.
After fifteen years spent in Japan, Adams had a difficult time establishing relations with the English arrivals. He initially shunned the company of the newly arriv... | 4,256 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
Northwest Passage from Asia, which would have greatly reduced the sailing distance between Japan and Europe. Ieyasu asked him if "our countrimen could not find the northwest passage" and Adams contacted the East India Company to organise manpower and supplies. The expedition never got ... | 4,257 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
cargoes (broadcloth, knives, looking glasses, Indian cotton, etc.), Adams was influential in gaining trading certificates from the "shōgun" to allow the Company to participate in the Red Seal system. It made a total of seven junk voyages to Southeast Asia with mixed profit results. Fou... | 4,258 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
the Company, renaming her as "Sea Adventure"; and hired about 120 Japanese sailors and merchants, as well as several Chinese traders, an Italian and a Castilian (Spanish) trader. The heavily laden ship left in November 1614, during the typhoon season. The merchants Richard Wickham and ... | 4,259 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
there to repair from 27 December 1614 until May 1615. It returned to Japan in June 1615 without having completed any trade.
## 1615 Siam expedition.
Adams left Hirado in November 1615 for Ayutthaya in Siam on the refitted "Sea Adventure," intent on obtaining sappanwood for resale in ... | 4,260 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
22 July 1616). Sayers, on a hired Chinese junk, reached Hirado in October 1616 with 44 tons of sappanwood. The third ship, a Japanese junk, brought 4,560 deer skins to Nagasaki, arriving in June 1617 after the monsoon.
Less than a week before Adams' return, Ieyasu had died. Adams acco... | 4,261 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
this occasion, Adams and Cocks also visited the Japanese Admiral Mukai Shōgen Tadakatsu, who lived near Adams' estate. They discussed plans for a possible invasion of the Catholic Philippines.
## 1617 Cochinchina expedition.
In March 1617, Adams set sail for Cochinchina, having purch... | 4,262 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
who was waiting in a boat downstream, realised that Peacock had been killed and hastily tried to reach his ship. His boat overturned and he drowned.
Adams sold a small cargo of broadcloth, Indian piece goods and ivory in Cochinchina for the modest amount of £351.
## 1618 Cochinchina ... | 4,263 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
to Southeast Asia helped the English factory survive for some time—during that period, sappanwood resold in Japan with a 200% profit—until the factory fell into bankruptcy due to high expenditures.
# Death and family legacy.
Adams died at Hirado, north of Nagasaki, on 16 May 1620, at... | 4,264 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
Cocks wrote: "I cannot but be sorrowfull for the loss of such a man as Capt William Adams, he having been in such favour with two Emperors of Japan as never any Christian in these part of the world." (Cocks's diary)
Cocks remained in contact with Adams' Japanese family, sending gifts;... | 4,265 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
son kept the title of Miura Anjin, and was a successful trader until Japan closed against foreign trading in 1635; he disappeared from historical records at that time.
Cocks administered Adams's trading rights (the shuinjō) for the benefit of Adams's children, Joseph and Susanna. He c... | 4,266 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
Anjin-chō (in modern-day Nihonbashi) was named for Adams, who had a house there. He is annually celebrated on 15 June.
- A village and a railroad station in his fiefdom, Anjinzuka (安針塚, "Burial mound of the Pilot") in modern Yokosuka, were named for him.
- In the city of Itō, Shizuok... | 4,267 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
A monument to Adams was installed in Watling Street, Gillingham (Kent), opposite Darland Avenue. The monument was unveiled 11 May 1934 by his excellency Tsuneo Matsudaira GCVO, Japanese ambassador to the Court of St James.
- A roundabout named Will Adams Roundabout with a Japanese the... | 4,268 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
"" (1990), and the video game "James Clavell's Shōgun" (1989).
There were numerous earlier works of fiction based on Adams.
- William Dalton wrote "Will Adams, The First Englishman in Japan: A Romantic Biography" (London, 1861). Dalton had never been to Japan and his book reflects ro... | 4,269 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
Nicole's "Lord of the Golden Fan" (1973) portrays Adams as sexually frustrated in England and freed by living in Japan, where he has numerous encounters. The work is considered light pornography.
- In 2002, Giles Milton's historical biography "Samurai William" (2002) is based on histo... | 4,270 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
A book series called "Young Samurai" is about a young English boy who is ship wrecked in Japan, and is trained as a samurai.
- Adams also serves as the template for the protagonist in the PlayStation 4 and PC video game "Nioh" (2017), but with supernatural and historical fiction eleme... | 4,271 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
given by Malchior von Santvoot). The original drawing is to be found at the Rotterdam Maritime Museum [whose specialist Marcel Kroon considers it to be from Adams' time]. A copy is preserved at the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford."
# See also.
- Anglo-Japanese relations
- Jan... | 4,272 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
Boshin War (1868–1869).
- Jules Brunet (1838–1911) – French officer who fought for the "shōgun" in the Boshin War
- Ernest Mason Satow (1843–1929) – British scholar, diplomat and Japanologist
- Hendrick Hamel (1630–1692) – first European to live in the Joseon-dynasty era in Korea (1... | 4,273 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
Adams's Letters reprinted from Memorials of the Empire of Japan, ed. by T. Rundall, Hakluyt Society, 1850)
- "Diary of Richard Cocks", with preface by N. Murakami (1899, reprinted from the Hakluyt Society ed. 1883)
- Hildreth, Richard, "Japan as it was and is" (1855)
- John Harris, ... | 4,274 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
the Bodleian Library at Oxford.
- "Samurai William: The Adventurer Who Unlocked Japan", by Giles Milton (UK 2002: )
- "William Adams and Early English Enterprise in Japan", by Anthony Farrington and Derek Massarella
- "Adams the Pilot: The Life and Times of Captain William Adams: 15... | 4,275 |
206467 | William Adams (sailor, born 1564) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Adams%20(sailor,%20born%201564) | William Adams (sailor, born 1564)
d Seventeenth Centuries", by Derek Massarella, Yale University Press, 1990.
- "Recollections of Japan", Hendrik Doeff,
## Hardcopy.
- "The Needle-Watcher: The Will Adams Story, British Samurai" by Richard Blaker
- "Servant of the Shogun" by Richard Tames. Paul Norbury Publications,... | 4,276 |
206542 | Astronomical object | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomical%20object | Astronomical object
Astronomical object
An astronomical object or celestial object is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists in the observable universe. In astronomy, the terms "object" and "body" are often used interchangeably. However, an astronomical body or celestial body is a... | 4,277 |
206542 | Astronomical object | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomical%20object | Astronomical object
as both body and object: It is a "body" when referring to the frozen nucleus of ice and dust, and an "object" when describing the entire comet with its diffuse coma and tail.
# Galaxy and larger.
The universe can be viewed as having a hierarchical structure. At the largest scales, the fundamental ... | 4,278 |
206542 | Astronomical object | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomical%20object | Astronomical object
with other galaxies, which may lead to a merger. Disc galaxies encompass lenticular and spiral galaxies with features, such as spiral arms and a distinct halo. At the core, most galaxies have a supermassive black hole, which may result in an active galactic nucleus. Galaxies can also have satellites... | 4,279 |
206542 | Astronomical object | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomical%20object | Astronomical object
determined almost entirely by the mass, composition and evolutionary state of these stars. Stars may be found in multi-star systems that orbit about each other in a hierarchical organization. A planetary system and various minor objects such as asteroids, comets and debris, can form in a hierarchica... | 4,280 |
206542 | Astronomical object | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomical%20object | Astronomical object
its physical properties can cause it to become a variable star. An example of this is the instability strip, a region of the H-R diagram that includes Delta Scuti, RR Lyrae and Cepheid variables. Depending on the initial mass of the star and the presence or absence of a companion, a star may spend t... | 4,281 |
206542 | Astronomical object | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomical%20object | Astronomical object
e it to become a variable star. An example of this is the instability strip, a region of the H-R diagram that includes Delta Scuti, RR Lyrae and Cepheid variables. Depending on the initial mass of the star and the presence or absence of a companion, a star may spend the last part of its life as a co... | 4,282 |
206553 | Emanationism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emanationism | Emanationism
Emanationism
Emanationism is an idea in the cosmology or cosmogony of certain religious or philosophical systems. Emanation, from the Latin "emanare" meaning "to flow from" or "to pour forth or out of", is the mode by which all things are derived from the first reality, or principle. All things are derive... | 4,283 |
206553 | Emanationism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emanationism | Emanationism
(which posits no underlying subjective and/or ontological nature behind phenomena being immanent).
# Origins.
Emanationism is a cosmological theory which asserts that all things "flow" from an underlying principle or reality, usually called the Absolute or Godhead. Any teachings which involve emanation a... | 4,284 |
206553 | Emanationism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emanationism | Emanationism
religions, orthodox theologians have generally regarded it with suspicion. They have relegated it to the shadowy spheres of mysticism, pantheism, and the occult, which have always been at odds with orthodoxy. The traditional view is summed in the doctrine of emanation formulated by Plotinus.
The primary c... | 4,285 |
206553 | Emanationism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emanationism | Emanationism
and the Soul (ψυχή, "psyche").
Another advocate of emanationism was Michael Servetus, who was burned at the stake for his nontrinitarian cosmology.
# Occultism.
Emanationism is a common teaching found in occult and esoteric writings. According to Owen (2005):
Theosophy draws on Neoplatonic emanationism... | 4,286 |
206553 | Emanationism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emanationism | Emanationism
but later will return to the absolute after the cosmic cycle of life.
As Morgan summarises: "The Secret Doctrine laid out an emanationist view of the development of the physical universe, a process of ebb and flow in which spirit gradually unfolded itself in matter, attaining consciousness, and returning ... | 4,287 |
206553 | Emanationism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emanationism | Emanationism
be at the end of the great cycle of being."
Samael Aun Weor had taught emanationism from his studies with the Kabbalah and Gnosticism. He mapped out a complex esoteric cosmology with matter flowing from different planes of existence all existing in the absolute. As Dawson (2007) comments:
As with esoteri... | 4,288 |
206553 | Emanationism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emanationism | Emanationism
all existing in the absolute. As Dawson (2007) comments:
As with esoteric thought in general, Weor holds that the universe originated in the ordering activity of the absolute upon chaotic primordial matter, giving rise to (emanating) the subsequent planes of the created order (Pleroma).
# See also.
- "A... | 4,289 |
206506 | Morris Motors | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morris%20Motors | Morris Motors
Morris Motors
Morris Motors Limited was a British privately owned motor vehicle manufacturing company formed in 1919 to take over the assets of William Morris's WRM Motors Limited and continue production of the same vehicles. By 1926 its production represented 42 per cent of British car manufacture—a rem... | 4,290 |
206506 | Morris Motors | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morris%20Motors | Morris Motors
held businesses.
Though it merged into larger organisations in 1952, the Morris name remained in use until 1984, when British Leyland's Austin Rover Group decided to concentrate on the more popular Austin brand.
Until 2014 Morris Oxford vehicles (based on the 1954-59 Oxford) were manufactured with perio... | 4,291 |
206506 | Morris Motors | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morris%20Motors | Morris Motors
William Morris moved on from the sale, hire, and repair of cars to car manufacturing. He planned a new light car assembled from bought-in components. In this way he was able to retain ownership by keeping within the bounds of his own capital resources.
A factory was opened in 1913 at former Oxford Milita... | 4,292 |
206506 | Morris Motors | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morris%20Motors | Morris Motors
supply the volume of units that Morris required, so Morris turned to Continental of Detroit, Michigan for the supply of a 1548 cc engine. Gearboxes and axles were also sourced in the US.
In spite of the outbreak of the First World War the orders were maintained and, from mid-1915 a new larger car, the 2-... | 4,293 |
206506 | Morris Motors | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morris%20Motors | Morris Motors
Morris's business continued to grow and increase its share of the British market overtaking Ford to become in 1924 the UK's biggest car manufacturer, holding a 51% share of the home market and remaining enormously profitable.
Possessed of a very large cash income Morris had a policy of personally buying ... | 4,294 |
206506 | Morris Motors | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morris%20Motors | Morris Motors
a small increase in work space and labour force.
Cecil Kimber, head of Morris's own original 1909-founded Morris Garage sales hire and repair operation in Oxford, began building sporting versions of Morris cars in 1924 labelling them MG. They were so successful a separate MG factory was soon established ... | 4,295 |
206506 | Morris Motors | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morris%20Motors | Morris Motors
Morris withdrew from the venture in mid-1930. Budd sold their share to British interests at the beginning of 1936.
The small car market was entered in 1928 with the Leonard Lord-designed Morris Minor, using an 847 cc engine from Morris's newly acquired Wolseley Motors. Lord had been sent there to moderni... | 4,296 |
206506 | Morris Motors | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morris%20Motors | Morris Motors
Lord Managing Director of Morris Motors Limited and Lord swept through the Morris works, updating the production methods, introducing a proper moving assembly line and creating Europe's largest integrated car plant. But Morris and Lord fell out, and after 15 years Lord left in 1936—threatening to "take Co... | 4,297 |
206506 | Morris Motors | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morris%20Motors | Morris Motors
company, Wolseley Aero Engines Limited, was then formed to continue the development of his aviation interests. In 1936 Lord Nuffield sold Morris Commercial Cars Limited, his commercial vehicle enterprise, to Morris Motors.
- Car production in Britain 1919-1938 (per cent)
In 1938 William Morris, Baron Nu... | 4,298 |
206506 | Morris Motors | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morris%20Motors | Morris Motors
at the Cowley works, which he donated to hospitals throughout all parts of Britain and the British Empire.
Both-Nuffield respirators were able to be produced by the thousand at about one-thirteenth the cost of the American design.
# Significant subsidiaries.
## Second World War.
In the summer of 1938 ... | 4,299 |
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