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20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
for the purposes of retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, or incapacitation. In most countries, a person convicted of murder generally faces a long-term prison sentence, possibly a life sentence; and in a few, the death penalty may be imposed.
# Etymology.
The modern English word "murder" descends from the ... | 4,000 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
law definition of murder, which by this definition occurs
The elements of common law murder are:
- 1. Unlawful
- 2. killing
- 3. through criminal act or omission
- 4. of a human
- 5. by another human
- 6. with malice aforethought.
- Unlawful – This distinguishes murder from killings that are done within ... | 4,001 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
adopted irreversible cessation of all brain function as marking the end of life.
- Сriminal act or omission – Killing can be committed by an act or an omission.
- Of a human – This element presents the issue of when life begins. At common law, a fetus was not a human being. Life began when the fetus passed thr... | 4,002 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
of another motivated by ill will. Murder necessarily required that an appreciable time pass between the formation and execution of the intent to kill. The courts broadened the scope of murder by eliminating the requirement of actual premeditation and deliberation as well as true malice. All that was required for... | 4,003 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
inference of intent to kill. In other words, "intent follows the bullet". Examples of deadly weapons and instruments include but are not limited to guns, knives, deadly toxins or chemicals or gases and even vehicles when intentionally used to harm one or more victims.
Under state of mind (iii), an "abandoned an... | 4,004 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
mind (iv), the felony-murder doctrine, the felony committed must be an inherently dangerous felony, such as burglary, arson, rape, robbery or kidnapping. Importantly, the underlying felony "cannot" be a lesser included offense such as assault, otherwise all criminal homicides would be murder as all are felonies.... | 4,005 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
case of a bullied victim who kills their tormentor), and the jury may wish to protect the defendant from a sentence of life imprisonment or execution.
## Degrees of murder.
Many jurisdictions divide murder by degrees. The distinction between first- and second-degree murder exists, for example, in Canadian murd... | 4,006 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
poisoning, or lying in wait are also treated as first-degree murder. A few states in the U.S. further distinguish third-degree murder, but they differ significantly in which kinds of murders they classify as second-degree versus third-degree. For example, Minnesota defines third-degree murder as depraved-heart m... | 4,007 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
of doing so, in order to either increase the likelihood of success, or to evade detection or apprehension. State laws in the United States vary as to definitions of "premeditation". In some states, premeditation may be construed as taking place mere seconds before the murder. Premeditated murder is one of the mo... | 4,008 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
Criminal Code classifies murder as either 1st- or 2nd-degree. The former type of murder is often called premeditated murder, although premeditation is not the only way murder can be classified as first-degree.
## Common law.
According to Blackstone, English common law identified murder as a "public wrong". Acc... | 4,009 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
is considered to be murder is defined by precedent case law or previous decisions of the courts of law. However, although the common law is by nature flexible and adaptable, in the interests both of certainty and of securing convictions, most common law jurisdictions have codified their criminal law and now have... | 4,010 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
or homicidal war crimes. (see the Laws of war article)
- Self-defense: acting in self-defense or in defense of another person is generally accepted as legal justification for killing a person in situations that would otherwise have been murder. However, a self-defense killing might be considered manslaughter if... | 4,011 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
(this is voluntary manslaughter, which is more severe than involuntary manslaughter).
- Accidental killings are considered homicides. Depending on the circumstances, these may or may not be considered criminal offenses; they are often considered manslaughter.
- Suicide does not constitute murder in most societ... | 4,012 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
from using the death penalty.
- Euthanasia, doctor-assisted suicide: the administration of lethal drugs by a doctor to a terminally ill patient, if the intention is solely to alleviate pain, in many jurisdictions it is seen as a special case (see the doctrine of double effect and the case of Dr John Bodkin Adam... | 4,013 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
forms of aggravated rape or sexual assault – killing of attacker by the potential victim or by witnesses to the scene; legal in parts of the US and in various other countries.
- In Pakistan, the killing of a woman or girl in specific circumstances (e.g., when she commits adultery and is killed by her husband or... | 4,014 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
and registration, if the officer thinks that the victim might be reaching for a gun.
- Space jurisdiction is similar to that of international waters. Therefore, a murder committed in outer space is subject to jurisdiction in the country that owns the space craft in which the killing transpired. In the event the... | 4,015 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
the victim be a natural person; that is, a human being who was still alive before being murdered. In other words, under the law one cannot murder a corpse, a corporation, a non-human animal, or any other non-human organism such as a plant or bacterium.
California's murder statute, Penal Code Section 187, was in... | 4,016 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
Mosk in his dissent, is that because women carrying nonviable fetuses may not be visibly pregnant, it may be possible for a defendant to be convicted of intentionally murdering a person they did not know existed.
## Mitigating circumstances.
Some countries allow conditions that "affect the balance of the mind"... | 4,017 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
of conditions that may be taken into account when assessing responsibility.
### Insanity.
Mental disorder may apply to a wide range of disorders including psychosis caused by schizophrenia and dementia, and excuse the person from the need to undergo the stress of a trial as to liability. Usually, sociopathy an... | 4,018 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
a serious mental illness, disease, or defect.
- 2. That the defendant's mental condition, at the time of the killing, rendered the perpetrator unable to determine right from wrong, or that what they were doing was wrong.
Under New York law, for example:
Under the French Penal Code:
Those who successfully arg... | 4,019 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
treatment facility where they could be kept for years or even decades.
### Postpartum depression.
Postpartum depression (also known as post-natal depression) is recognized in some countries as a mitigating factor in cases of infanticide. According to Dr. Susan Friedman, "Two dozen nations have infanticide laws... | 4,020 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
was disturbed by reason of her not having fully recovered from the effect of giving birth to the child or by reason of the effect of lactation consequent upon the birth of the child". Since independence, death sentences for murder in such cases had always been commuted; the new act was intended "to eliminate all... | 4,021 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
murder in nine out of fifty states in the US, there normally needs to be an element of intent. A defendant may argue that they took precautions not to kill, that the death could not have been anticipated, or was unavoidable. As a general rule, manslaughter constitutes reckless killing, but manslaughter also incl... | 4,022 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
such as California, diminished capacity may be a defence. For example, Dan White used this defence to obtain a manslaughter conviction, instead of murder, in the assassination of Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk. Afterward, California amended its penal code to provide "As a matter of public policy... | 4,023 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
firefighter or witness to a crime
- Murder of a pregnant woman
- Crime committed for pay or other reward, such as contract killing
- Exceptional brutality or cruelty
- Methods which are dangerous to the public, e.g. explosion, arson, shooting in a crowd etc.
- Murder for a political cause
- Murder committe... | 4,024 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
mandatory life sentence, but is not classified into degrees. Penalties for murder committed under aggravating circumstances are often higher, under English law, than the 15-year minimum non-parole period that otherwise serves as a starting point for a murder committed by an adult.
## Felony murder rule.
A lega... | 4,025 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
common law jurisdictions, a defendant accused of murder is not guilty if the victim survives for longer than one year and one day after the attack. This reflects the likelihood that if the victim dies, other factors will have contributed to the cause of death, breaking the chain of causation; and also means that... | 4,026 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
death" and cases where this was applied or was attempted to be applied go back to at least 1966.
In England and Wales, the "year-and-a-day rule" was abolished by the Law Reform (Year and a Day Rule) Act 1996. However, if death occurs three years or more after the original attack then prosecution can take place ... | 4,027 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
a state supreme court decision abolishing the year-and-a-day rule did not violate the Ex Post Facto Clause of Article I of the United States Constitution.
The potential effect of fully abolishing the rule can be seen in the case of 74-year-old William Barnes, charged with the murder of a Philadelphia police off... | 4,028 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
Daly and Margo Wilson of McMaster University have claimed that several aspects of homicides, including the genetic relations or proximity between murderers and their victims, (as in the Cinderella effect), can often be explained by the evolution theory or evolutionary psychology.
# Historical and religious atti... | 4,029 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
weregild which in early Germanic society could be paid to the victim's family in lieu of their right of revenge.
One of the oldest-known prohibitions against murder appears in the Sumerian Code of Ur-Nammu written sometime between 2100 and 2050 BC. The code states, "If a man commits a murder, that man must be k... | 4,030 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
editions such as Young's Literal Translation and the World English Bible have translated the Latin "occides" simply as "murder" rather than the alternatives of "kill", "assassinate", "fall upon", or "slay".
In Islam according to the Qur'an, one of the greatest sins is to kill a human being who has committed no ... | 4,031 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
save in (course of) justice, nor commit adultery – and whoso doeth this shall pay the penalty."
The term "assassin" derives from Hashshashin, a militant Ismaili Shi'ite sect, active from the 8th to 14th centuries. This mystic secret society killed members of the Abbasid, Fatimid, Seljuq and Crusader elite for p... | 4,032 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
to Ross Hassig, author of "Aztec Warfare", "between 10,000 and 80,400 persons" were sacrificed in the 1487 re-consecration of the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan.
Southern slave codes did make willful killing of a slave illegal in most cases. For example, the 1860 Mississippi case of "Oliver v. State" charged the... | 4,033 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
World Health Organization reported in October 2002 that a person is murdered every 60 seconds. An estimated 520,000 people were murdered in 2000 around the globe. Another study estimated the worldwide murder rate at 456,300 in 2010 with a 35% increase since 1990. Two-fifths of them were young people between the ... | 4,034 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
and 4 cases per 100,000 people per year. Latin America and the Caribbean, the region with the highest murder rate in the world, experienced more than 2.5 million murders between 2000 and 2017.
## Murder rates by country.
Murder rates in jurisdictions such as Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Iceland, Sweden, Switze... | 4,035 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
U.S. Virgin Islands, Guatemala, Saint Kitts and Nevis and Zambia. (UNODC, 2011 – ).
The following absolute murder counts per-country are not comparable because they are not adjusted by each country's total population. Nonetheless, they are included here for reference, with 2010 used as the base year (they may o... | 4,036 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
38 per 100,000 people, in 2008 murders went down to 15,000), approximately 16,000 murders in South Africa, approximately 15,000 murders in the United States, approximately 26,000 murders in Mexico, approximately 13,000 murders in Venezuela, approximately 4,000 murders in El Salvador, approximately 1,400 murders ... | 4,037 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
For women in the US, homicide is the leading cause of death in the workplace.
In the US, murder is the leading cause of death for African American males aged 15 to 34. Between 1976 and 2008, African Americans were victims of 329,825 homicides. In 2006, Federal Bureau of Investigation's Supplementary Homicide Re... | 4,038 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
white offenders. The "white" category in the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) includes non-black Hispanics. In London in 2006, 75% of the victims of gun crime and 79% of the suspects were "from the African/Caribbean community".
Murder demographics are affected by the improvement of trauma care, which has resulted in... | 4,039 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
properly filtered data, it is possible to make the case for or against either of these issues. For example, one could look at murder rates in the United States from 1950 to 2000, and notice that those rates went up sharply shortly after a moratorium on death sentences was effectively imposed in the late 1960s. T... | 4,040 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
the influence of both these factors may not be significant and could be more social, economic, and cultural.
Despite the immense improvements in forensics in the past few decades, the fraction of murders solved has decreased in the United States, from 90% in 1960 to 61% in 2007. Solved murder rates in major U.S... | 4,041 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
times, to 20 in 1500 AD, 5 in 1700, to below two per 100,000 in 1900.
In the United States, murder rates have been higher and have fluctuated. They fell below 2 per 100,000 by 1900, rose during the first half of the century, dropped in the years following World War II, and bottomed out at 4.0 in 1957 before ris... | 4,042 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
assaults of 1964 still applied in 1993, the country would have seen the murder rate of around 26 per 100,000, almost triple the actually observed rate of 9.5 per 100,000.
A similar, but less pronounced pattern has been seen in major European countries as well. The murder rate in the United Kingdom fell to 1 per... | 4,043 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
in the U.S. murder rate during the first half of the 20th century is generally thought to be attributed to gang violence associated with Prohibition. Since most murders are committed by young males, the near simultaneous low in the murder rates of major developed countries circa 1960 can be attributed to low bir... | 4,044 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
Use of the term.
In many countries, in news reports, journalists are typically careful not to call a killing a murder until the perpetrator is convicted of such. After arrest, journalists write that the person was "arrested on suspicion of murder". When a prosecutor files charges, the accused is referred to as ... | 4,045 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
Capital Murder
- Assassination, a form of murder where the victim is prominent person such as a head of state or head of government.
## Murder laws by country.
- Australia
- Brazil
- Canada
- China
- Cuba
- Denmark
- England and Wales
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Hong Kong
- India
- Israel
- It... | 4,046 |
20171 | Murder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder | Murder
vernment.
## Murder laws by country.
- Australia
- Brazil
- Canada
- China
- Cuba
- Denmark
- England and Wales
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Hong Kong
- India
- Israel
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Northern Ireland
- Norway
- Peru
- Portugal
- Romania
- Russia
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- United... | 4,047 |
206550 | Solar maximum | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solar%20maximum | Solar maximum
Solar maximum
Solar maximum or solar max is a regular period of greatest Sun activity during the 11-year solar cycle. During solar maximum, large numbers of sunspots appear, and the solar irradiance output grows by about 0.07%. The increased energy output of solar maxima can impact Earth's global climate... | 4,048 |
206550 | Solar maximum | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solar%20maximum | Solar maximum
years.
Large solar flares often occur during a maximum. For example, the solar storm of 1859 struck the Earth with such intensity that the northern lights were visible as far from the poles as Cuba and Hawaii.
# Predictions.
Predictions of a future maximum's timing and strength are very difficult; pred... | 4,049 |
206550 | Solar maximum | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solar%20maximum | Solar maximum
the Sun and electric charges of equivalent magnitude. Then the magnetic induction of each orbiting mass (electric charge) on the Sun would add up during certain periods thus creating Solar maximums or would cancel out during other periods thus causing Solar minimums.
# Film.
IMAX documentary about solar... | 4,050 |
206550 | Solar maximum | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solar%20maximum | Solar maximum
s but the intensity of those cycles is greater. Grand solar maxima have shown some correlation with global and regional climate changes.
The idea of a Modern Maximum has now been thrown into question with the release of a paper at the International Astronomical Union General Assembly in August 2015.
A l... | 4,051 |
206521 | Peter Anthony Motteux | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Anthony%20Motteux | Peter Anthony Motteux
Peter Anthony Motteux
Peter Anthony Motteux (25 February 1663 – 18 February 1718), born Pierre Antoine Motteux (), was an English author, playwright, and translator. Motteux was a significant figure in the evolution of English journalism in his era, as the publisher and editor of "The Gentleman's... | 4,052 |
206521 | Peter Anthony Motteux | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Anthony%20Motteux | Peter Anthony Motteux
lace, linens, pictures, and other goods." He also held a position with the Post Office in the first decade of the 18th century.
His death in a bawdy house was thought to be suspicious, and caused a good deal of legal disturbance." Five people were tried for his murder, but were acquitted. He was ... | 4,053 |
206521 | Peter Anthony Motteux | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Anthony%20Motteux | Peter Anthony Motteux
Book V. The entire work was published in 1693 and 1694 (reprinted in 1708; revised by John Ozell in 1737).
While Urquhart's original version of Rabelais has sometimes been acclaimed as a masterpiece in itself, critics have had reservations about Motteux's continuation. In part, Motteux suffered f... | 4,054 |
206521 | Peter Anthony Motteux | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Anthony%20Motteux | Peter Anthony Motteux
has been condemned by later, more rigorous translators, for:
- adopting a frivolous style, compared to the mock-serious and ironic tone of the original;
- turning Don Quixote and Sancho Panza into buffoons;
- casting the work in a "Franco-Cockney" rather than a Spanish ambience.
Motteux transl... | 4,055 |
206521 | Peter Anthony Motteux | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Anthony%20Motteux | Peter Anthony Motteux
(1697)
- "Beauty in Distress" (1698)
- "Britain's Happiness" (1704)
- "The Amorous Miser, or the Younger the Wiser" (1705)
- "Thomyris, Queen of Scythia" (1707)
- "Love's Triumph" (1708)
— among others. As its subtitle indicates, "The Novelty" was an anthology of five short plays in differen... | 4,056 |
206521 | Peter Anthony Motteux | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Anthony%20Motteux | Peter Anthony Motteux
translations and adaptations of opera libretti from the Italian.
As was typical of Restoration drama, Motteux's plays often adapted earlier works; and his plays in turn were adapted by others into new forms. His semi-opera "The Island Princess, or the Generous Portuguese" (1699) was an adaptation... | 4,057 |
206521 | Peter Anthony Motteux | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Anthony%20Motteux | Peter Anthony Motteux
Miscellany" from its initial issue, dated January 1692, to its last of November 1694; evidence suggests he wrote most of the prose in each issue as well. (The plan was for monthly issues, though some were late, and some were missed.) Motteux may have been influenced by "Le Mercure Galant", a Frenc... | 4,058 |
206521 | Peter Anthony Motteux | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Anthony%20Motteux | Peter Anthony Motteux
(a personal friend) and William Congreve among others; he published verse by the poets of the era, including Matthew Prior and Charles Sedley; he covered the musical career of Henry Purcell and printed several of his songs. The "Journal" even featured a "Lovers' Gazette," foreshadowing the advice-... | 4,059 |
206521 | Peter Anthony Motteux | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Anthony%20Motteux | Peter Anthony Motteux
of what would later become the motto of the United States of America. Motteux used the phrase in the sense of "one chosen among many," rather than its common later connotation. (Classicists have attempted to trace possible sources for the motto, ranging from Vergil to Aristotle to Horace to Cicero... | 4,060 |
206521 | Peter Anthony Motteux | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Anthony%20Motteux | Peter Anthony Motteux
Cervantes, Miguel de. "The History of Don Quixote De La Mancha". Translated by John Ormsby. Chicago, Encyclopædia Britannica Press, 1952.
- Cunningham, Robert Newton. "Peter Anthony Motteux: A Biographical and Critical Study." Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1933.
- Gillespie, Stuart, and David Hopkins... | 4,061 |
206521 | Peter Anthony Motteux | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Anthony%20Motteux | Peter Anthony Motteux
Critical Study." Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1933.
- Gillespie, Stuart, and David Hopkins, eds. "The Oxford History of Literary Translation in English." Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005.
- Jackson, Mason. "The Pictorial Press: Its Origin and Progress." London, Hurst and Blackett, 1885.
- MacD... | 4,062 |
206490 | Hey Arnold! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hey%20Arnold! | Hey Arnold!
Hey Arnold!
Hey Arnold! is an American animated children's television series created by Craig Bartlett that aired on Nickelodeon from October 7, 1996, to June 8, 2004. The show centers on a fourth grader named Arnold, who lives with his grandparents in an inner-city boarding house. Episodes center on his e... | 4,063 |
206490 | Hey Arnold! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hey%20Arnold! | Hey Arnold!
Bartlett created the pilot episode in his living room in 1994 and official production began in 1995. The animators worked to transform Arnold from clay animation to cel animation, leading to the series premiere. The show finished production in 2001 after 5 seasons and 100 episodes. A feature film based on t... | 4,064 |
206490 | Hey Arnold! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hey%20Arnold! | Hey Arnold!
Van Dyke; Spencer Klein; Alex D. Linz and Mason Vale Cotton) and his neighborhood friends: Gerald (voiced by Jamil Walker Smith and Benjamin Flores Jr.), a street-smart character who generally serves as the leader of the group, and Helga (Francesca Marie Smith), a girl who bullies Arnold in order to hide th... | 4,065 |
206490 | Hey Arnold! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hey%20Arnold! | Hey Arnold!
home tenant in solving a personal problem or encounters a predicament of his own. Many episodes involve urban legends usually told by Gerald, such as superheroes or headless horsemen.
Other characters include students and faculty at P.S. 118, Arnold's school, and citizens of Hillwood. Certain episodes focu... | 4,066 |
206490 | Hey Arnold! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hey%20Arnold! | Hey Arnold!
to art school) and Brooklyn (the bridge, the brownstones, the subway)". Bartlett, having grown up in Seattle, based many of the show's events on his own experience growing up in the city. Evan Levine of the "Houston Chronicle" commented on the series, "backdrop of dark streets, nighttime adventures and rund... | 4,067 |
206490 | Hey Arnold! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hey%20Arnold! | Hey Arnold!
a claymation studio. Originally, Bartlett intended to become a painter "in the 19th-century sense", but he became interested in animation during a trip to Italy.
In 1987, while working on "Pee-wee's Playhouse", he created claymation cutaways about a character named Penny and her friend Arnold, and made thr... | 4,068 |
206490 | Hey Arnold! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hey%20Arnold! | Hey Arnold!
ideas were OK, but such a large and motley group couldn't get far at pitch meetings. Network execs got migraines just counting us coming in the door." As a last resort, Bartlett played the "Penny" tapes, intending to highlight the Penny character. However, the executives were more impressed by Arnold, despi... | 4,069 |
206490 | Hey Arnold! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hey%20Arnold! | Hey Arnold!
Arnold, Bartlett began work on the supporting characters, drawing influence from his childhood: "A lot of the characters are an amalgam of people I knew when I was a kid. The girls in "Hey Arnold!" are girls that either liked or didn't like me when I was in school."
In 1994, Bartlett created the pilot epis... | 4,070 |
206490 | Hey Arnold! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hey%20Arnold! | Hey Arnold!
as a filler short on "Sesame Street" in 1991. The 10-minute pilot episode, titled "Arnold", was shown in theaters in 1996 before Nickelodeon's first feature-length film, its adaptation of "Harriet the Spy".
Apart from the animation style, Nick's Arnold wears a sweater, with his plaid shirt untucked (resemb... | 4,071 |
206490 | Hey Arnold! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hey%20Arnold! | Hey Arnold!
leaving Nickelodeon. The last season's episodes were released over four years, beginning in 2000. The series aired its final episode, unannounced, on June 8, 2004.
# Films.
## 2002 feature film.
In this 2002 feature film, Arnold, Helga and Gerald set out on a quest to save their old neighborhood from a g... | 4,072 |
206490 | Hey Arnold! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hey%20Arnold! | Hey Arnold!
of "Arnold Saves the Neighborhood", which would eventually become "". The "Neighborhood" project was originally made for television and home video, but executives at Paramount Pictures decided to release it theatrically after successful test screenings. According to animation historian Jerry Beck (in his "A... | 4,073 |
206490 | Hey Arnold! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hey%20Arnold! | Hey Arnold!
for a number of their older shows, including "Hey Arnold!". According to an announcement by "The Independent", a "Hey Arnold!" revival is "very much on the cards". On November 23, 2015, Nickelodeon announced that a TV movie is in the works and will pick up right where the series left off. The film will also... | 4,074 |
206490 | Hey Arnold! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hey%20Arnold! | Hey Arnold!
titled "The Jungle Movie", and that 19 of the original voice actors from the series would lend their voices in the film. New cast-members included Mason Vale Cotton as Arnold; Benjamin "Lil' P-Nut" Flores as Gerald; Gavin Lewis as Eugene; Jet Jurgensmeyer as Stinky; Aiden Lewandowski as Sid; Laya Hayes as N... | 4,075 |
206490 | Hey Arnold! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hey%20Arnold! | Hey Arnold!
aired reruns of all "Hey Arnold!" episodes until May 30, 2008, when the show was taken off its nightly schedule. The show aired in reruns on the now-defunct "Nick on CBS" programming block for two years, from September 14, 2002, to September 4, 2004. On September 5, 2011, the Canadian Nickelodeon channel be... | 4,076 |
206490 | Hey Arnold! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hey%20Arnold! | Hey Arnold!
on August 21, 2008, Season 2 on August 29, 2008, Season 3 on December 8, 2009, Season 4 on November 27, 2009, and Season 5 on December 4, 2009.
On May 9, 2011, it was announced that Shout! Factory had acquired the rights to the series. They subsequently released Season 1 in a 4-disc set on August 9, 2011. ... | 4,077 |
206490 | Hey Arnold! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hey%20Arnold! | Hey Arnold!
entire series available on DVD. On August 19, 2014, the complete series was released in a 16-disc set through Shout! Factory as a Walmart exclusive. On November 20, 2018, Paramount Home Media Distribution released "Hey Arnold!: The Ultimate Collection" DVD containing all of the previously released episodes ... | 4,078 |
206490 | Hey Arnold! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hey%20Arnold! | Hey Arnold!
complete series was released in a 16-disc set through Shout! Factory as a Walmart exclusive. On November 20, 2018, Paramount Home Media Distribution released "Hey Arnold!: The Ultimate Collection" DVD containing all of the previously released episodes and movies now packaged into one set.
In Australia, all... | 4,079 |
206505 | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean-Frédéric%20Waldeck | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck
Jean-Frédéric Waldeck
Jean-Frédéric Maximilien de Waldeck (March 16, 1766? – April 30, 1875) was a French antiquarian, cartographer, artist and explorer. He was a man of talent and accomplishment, but his love of self-promotion and refusal to let the truth get in the way of a good story leave som... | 4,080 |
206505 | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean-Frédéric%20Waldeck | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck
to have returned to France and studied art as a student of Jacques-Louis David. He said he had traveled to Egypt with Napoleon's expedition. None of this has been independently verified; indeed most of Waldeck's autobiography before about 1820 (including his given birthdate) is undocumented and hi... | 4,081 |
206505 | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean-Frédéric%20Waldeck | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck
civilizations and contributed to Mayanism.
He was active up until his death, at the claimed age of 109 years 45 days. He supposedly died of a heart attack while eying a beautiful woman near the "Champs-Élysées" in Paris.
# I Modi.
The "I Modi" prints are highly pornographic and accompanied sonn... | 4,082 |
206505 | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean-Frédéric%20Waldeck | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck
of a single print, and a woodcut copy from the 16th century. Waldeck claimed to have found a set of tracings of the "I Modi" prints in a convent near Palenque in Mexico. His story is dubious because there is no such convent. However, we know that he saw the fragments now in the British Museum beca... | 4,083 |
206505 | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean-Frédéric%20Waldeck | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck
for Charles III of Spain and then sat unpublished in the National Archives of Spain. Waldeck's engravings were much more beautiful and artistic than the original drawings he worked from, and gave the monuments a decidedly Egyptian look, in line with his patron's views that the ancient Mesoamerican... | 4,084 |
206505 | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean-Frédéric%20Waldeck | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck
and architectural reconstructions. Some of these were "fanciful in the extreme."
In 1838, Waldeck published "Voyage pittoresque et archéologique dans la province d'Yucatan pendant les années 1834 et 1836" (Paris), a volume of illustrations of Mérida, Yucatán and Maya ruins, including those at Uxm... | 4,085 |
206505 | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean-Frédéric%20Waldeck | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck
anciens du Mexique (Palenque, et autres ruines de l'ancienne civilisation du Mexique)" (1866) by Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg. However, just as his earlier illustrations had implied connections between the ancient Maya and ancient Egypt, the ones included with Brasseur de Bourbourg's text... | 4,086 |
206505 | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean-Frédéric%20Waldeck | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck
of the Old and New Worlds.
Waldeck published numerous lithographs of what he had come across. His last set of prints was published in 1866 when he celebrated his centennial.
# Further reading.
- Baudez, C. F., 1993: Jean-Frédéric Waldeck, peintre: le premier explorateur des ruines mayas. Hazan,... | 4,087 |
206505 | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean-Frédéric%20Waldeck | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck
Americanist. Acta Americana. Tome V, pp. 278–299.
- Del Rio, A., 1822: Report of Antonio Del Rio to Don Jose Estacheria, Brigadier, Governor and Commandant General of the Kingdom of Guatemala, Etc. In Description of the ruins of an ancient city, discovered near Palenque, in the kingdom of Guatema... | 4,088 |
206505 | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean-Frédéric%20Waldeck | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck
l'Amérique et l'Océanie. Musée du quai Branly, Paris. (Exhibition catalog that includes paintings by Waldeck.)
- Parsons, L. A. and Jay I. Kislak Foundation., 1993: Columbus to Catherwood, 1494-1844 : 350 years of historic book graphics depicting the islands, Indians, and archaeology of the West ... | 4,089 |
206505 | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean-Frédéric%20Waldeck | Jean-Frédéric Waldeck
llustrations by Waldeck.)
- Smith, Mary Rebecca Darby., 1878: Recollections of two distinguished persons : la Marquise de Boissy and the Count de Waldeck. J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1878. (Memoir of encounters with Waldeck. Book digitized at Internet Archive.)
- Thompson, John Eric, 1927: Th... | 4,090 |
20155 | Marcus Aurelius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marcus%20Aurelius | Marcus Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius ( or ; ; 26 April 121 – 17 March 180) was Roman emperor from 8 March 161 to 17 March 180 and a Stoic philosopher. He was the last of the rulers traditionally known as the Five Good Emperors, and the last emperor of the Pax Romana, an age of relative peace and stability f... | 4,091 |
20155 | Marcus Aurelius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marcus%20Aurelius | Marcus Aurelius
In 138, Emperor Hadrian's first adopted son and heir, Lucius Aelius, died. Hadrian chose as his new heir Marcus' uncle, Antoninus Pius, who adopted Marcus and the son of Aelius, Lucius Commodus. Antoninus took the throne that year and Marcus, now his heir, studied Greek and Latin under tutors such as He... | 4,092 |
20155 | Marcus Aurelius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marcus%20Aurelius | Marcus Aurelius
and the rebel Kingdom of Armenia. Marcus defeated the Marcomanni, Quadi, and Sarmatian Iazyges in the Marcomannic Wars. However, these and other Germanic peoples began to represent a troubling reality for the Empire. Marcus modified the silver purity of the Roman currency, the denarius. Persecution of C... | 4,093 |
20155 | Marcus Aurelius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marcus%20Aurelius | Marcus Aurelius
among at least six sons, whose succession has become a subject of debate among both contemporary and modern historians. The Column and Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius still stand in Rome, where they were erected in celebration of his military victories. "Meditations", the writings of 'the philosoph... | 4,094 |
20155 | Marcus Aurelius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marcus%20Aurelius | Marcus Aurelius
the biographies contained in the "Historia Augusta", claim to be written by a group of authors at the turn of the 4th century AD, but were in fact written by a single author (referred to here as 'the biographer') from about 395 AD. The later biographies and the biographies of subordinate emperors and us... | 4,095 |
20155 | Marcus Aurelius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marcus%20Aurelius | Marcus Aurelius
survives in a series of patchy manuscripts, covering the period from c. 138 to 166. Marcus' own "Meditations" offer a window on his inner life, but are largely undateable and make few specific references to worldly affairs. The main narrative source for the period is Cassius Dio, a Greek senator from Bi... | 4,096 |
20155 | Marcus Aurelius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marcus%20Aurelius | Marcus Aurelius
on the temper of the times, and the constitutions preserved in the "Digest" and "Codex Justinianeus" on Marcus' legal work. Inscriptions and coin finds supplement the literary sources.
# Early life and career.
## Name.
Marcus was born in Rome on 26 April 121. His name at birth was supposedly Marcus A... | 4,097 |
20155 | Marcus Aurelius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marcus%20Aurelius | Marcus Aurelius
Aurelius Verus Caesar and, upon his ascension, he was Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus until his death; Epiphanius of Salamis, in his chronology of the Roman emperors "On Weights and Measures", calls him "Marcus Aurelius Verus".
## Family origins.
Marcus was of Italic and Iberian origins, being the ... | 4,098 |
20155 | Marcus Aurelius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marcus%20Aurelius | Marcus Aurelius
from her parents and grandparents. Her inheritance included large brickworks on the outskirts of Rome – a profitable enterprise in an era when the city was experiencing a construction boom – and the "Horti Domitia Calvillae" (or "Lucillae"), a villa on the Caelian hill of Rome. Marcus himself was born a... | 4,099 |
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