wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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20210 | March 23 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2023 | March 23
ice dancer
- 1983 – Hakan Balta, Turkish footballer
- 1983 – Mo Farah, Somali-English runner
- 1983 – Sascha Riether, German footballer
- 1983 – Jerome Thomas, English footballer
- 1984 – Ryan Araña, Filipino basketball player
- 1984 – Brandon Marshall, American football player
- 1985 – Maurice Jones-Dr... | 48,100 |
20210 | March 23 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2023 | March 23
player
- 1988 – Jason Kenny, English cyclist
- 1988 – Michal Neuvirth, Czech ice hockey player
- 1989 – Nikola Gulan, Serbian footballer
- 1989 – Luis Fernando Silva, Mexican footballer
- 1989 – Ayesha Curry, Canadian-American chef, author and television personality
- 1990 – Jaime Alguersuari, Spanish ra... | 48,101 |
20210 | March 23 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2023 | March 23
footballer
- 1995 – Kevin Kauber, Estonian footballer
- 1995 – Jan Lisiecki, Canadian pianist
- 1995 – Ozan Tufan, Turkish footballer
- 1996 – Alexander Albon, Thai-British racing driver
# Deaths.
- 851 – Zhou Chi, Chinese historian and politician (b. 793)
- 1022 – Zhen Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 968)
-... | 48,102 |
20210 | March 23 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2023 | March 23
Ethiopian emperor (b. 1521)
- 1596 – Henry Unton, English diplomat (b. 1557)
- 1606 – Justus Lipsius, Flemish philologist and scholar (b. 1547)
- 1618 – James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn, Scottish police officer and politician (b. 1575)
- 1629 – Francis Fane, 1st Earl of Westmorland, English landowner a... | 48,103 |
20210 | March 23 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2023 | March 23
Swiss theologian and critic (b. 1693)
- 1783 – Charles Carroll, English barrister and politician (b. 1723)
- 1801 – Paul I, Russian emperor (b. 1754)
- 1842 – Stendhal, French novelist (b. 1783)
- 1862 – Manuel Robles Pezuela, Unconstitutional Mexican interim president, 1858–1859 (b. 1817)
- 1883 – Arthur... | 48,104 |
20210 | March 23 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2023 | March 23
(b. 1859)
- 1931 – Shivaram Rajguru, Indian activist (b. 1908)
- 1931 – Bhagat Singh, Indian activist (b. 1907)
- 1931 – Sukhdev Thapar, Indian activist (b. 1907)
- 1953 – Raoul Dufy, French painter and illustrator (b. 1877)
- 1953 – Oskar Luts, Estonian author and playwright (b. 1887)
- 1955 – Arthur Be... | 48,105 |
20210 | March 23 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2023 | March 23
1964 – Peter Lorre, American actor (b. 1904)
- 1965 – Mae Murray, American actress, dancer, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1885)
- 1968 – Edwin O'Connor, American journalist and author (b. 1918)
- 1972 – Cristóbal Balenciaga, Spanish fashion designer, founded Balenciaga (b. 1895)
- 1973 – Bertram Stevens, ... | 48,106 |
20210 | March 23 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2023 | March 23
English motorcyclist (b. 1940)
- 1985 – Richard Beeching, Baron Beeching, English physicist and engineer (b. 1913)
- 1985 – Peter Charanis, Greek-American scholar and educator (b. 1908)
- 1987 – Olev Roomet, Estonian singer and violinist (b. 1901)
- 1990 – John Dexter, English director and producer (b. 192... | 48,107 |
20210 | March 23 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2023 | March 23
1995 – Davie Cooper, Scottish footballer and coach (b. 1956)
- 1999 – Luis María Argaña, Paraguayan judge and politician, Vice President of Paraguay (b. 1932)
- 1999 – Osmond Borradaile, Canadian director and cinematographer (b. 1898)
- 2001 – Rowland Evans, American journalist (b. 1921)
- 2001 – Margaret ... | 48,108 |
20210 | March 23 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2023 | March 23
Australian soldier, lawyer, and politician, 39th Premier of Victoria (b. 1916)
- 2006 – David B. Bleak, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1932)
- 2006 – Desmond Doss, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1919)
- 2006 – Cindy Walker, American singer-songwriter and dancer (b. 1918)
- ... | 48,109 |
20210 | March 23 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2023 | March 23
2011 – Elizabeth Taylor, American-British actress, socialite and humanitarian (b. 1932)
- 2012 – Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, Somalian politician, President of Somalia (b. 1934)
- 2012 – Jim Duffy, American animator, director, and producer (b. 1937)
- 2012 – Naji Talib, Iraqi politician, 52nd Prime Minister of Ir... | 48,110 |
20210 | March 23 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2023 | March 23
publisher, co-founded the International Federation of BodyBuilding & Fitness (b. 1919)
- 2014 – Dave Brockie, Canadian-American singer-songwriter and bass player (b. 1963)
- 2014 – Jaroslav Šerých, Czech painter and illustrator (b. 1928)
- 2014 – Adolfo Suárez, Spanish lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minis... | 48,111 |
20210 | March 23 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2023 | March 23
Joe Garagiola, Sr., American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1926)
- 2016 – Ken Howard, American actor (b. 1944)
# Holidays and observances.
- Christian feast day:
- Gregory the Illuminator (Episcopal Church)
- Gwinear
- Joseph Oriol
- Ottone Frangipane
- Rafqa Pietra Choboq Ar-Rayès (Maronite Chu... | 48,112 |
20210 | March 23 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2023 | March 23
- Rafqa Pietra Choboq Ar-Rayès (Maronite Church)
- Turibius of Mogrovejo
- Victorian, Frumentius and Companions
- March 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Day of Hungarian-Polish Friendship (Hungary and Poland)
- Day of the Sea (Bolivia)
- Earliest day on which Easter Monday can fall, while April 26 is th... | 48,113 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
March 22
# Events.
- 238 – Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperors.
- 871 – Æthelred of Wessex is defeated by a Danish invasion army at the Battle of Marton.
- 1508 – Ferdinand II of Aragon commissions Amerigo Vespucci chief navigator of the Spanish Empire.
- 1621 – The Pilgrims of ... | 48,114 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
Bay Colony for religious dissent.
- 1713 – The Tuscarora War comes to an end with the fall of Fort Neoheroka, effectively opening up the interior of North Carolina to European colonization.
- 1739 – Nader Shah occupies Delhi in India and sacks the city, stealing the jewels of the Peacock Throne.
- 1765 – Th... | 48,115 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
at the Battle of Novara.
- 1871 – In North Carolina, William Woods Holden becomes the first governor of a U.S. state to be removed from office by impeachment.
- 1872 – Illinois becomes the first state to require gender equality in employment.
- 1873 – The Spanish National Assembly abolishes slavery in Puert... | 48,116 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
Shushi (Nagorno Karabakh).
- 1933 – Cullen–Harrison Act: President Franklin Roosevelt signs an amendment to the Volstead Act, legalizing the manufacture and sale of "3.2 beer" (3.2% alcohol by weight, approximately 4% alcohol by volume) and light wines.
- 1939 – Germany takes Memel from Lithuania.
- 1942 – ... | 48,117 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
Hard Townes receive the first patent for a laser.
- 1972 – The United States Congress sends the Equal Rights Amendment to the states for ratification.
- 1972 – In "Eisenstadt v. Baird", the United States Supreme Court decides that unmarried persons have the right to possess contraceptives.
- 1975 – A fire a... | 48,118 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
crashes shortly after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport, leading to a number of studies into the effect that ice has on aircraft.
- 1992 – Fall of communism in Albania: The Democratic Party of Albania wins a decisive majority in the parliamentary election.
- 1993 – The Intel Corporation ships th... | 48,119 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
group Hamas, two bodyguards, and nine civilian bystanders are killed in the Gaza Strip when hit by Israeli Air Force Hellfire missiles.
- 2006 – Three Christian Peacemaker Team (CPT) hostages are freed by British forces in Baghdad after 118 days of captivity and the murder of their colleague from the U.S., To... | 48,120 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
and at least 20 injured.
- 2019 - Robert S. Mueller III delivers his report on the Russian government's influence on the election of Donald Trump in the 2016 United States presidential election.
- 2019 – Two buses crashes in Kitampo, a town north of Ghana's capital Accra killing at least 50 people.
# Births... | 48,121 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1519)
- 1499 – Johann Carion, German astrologer and chronicler (d. 1537)
- 1503 – Antonio Francesco Grazzini, Italian author and educator (d. 1583)
- 1517 – Gioseffo Zarlino, Italian composer (d. 1590)
- 1519 – Catherine Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk, English noblewoman (d. 1580)
-... | 48,122 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
English politician, Secretary at War (d. 1764)
- 1712 – Edward Moore, English poet and playwright (d. 1757)
- 1720 – Nicolas-Henri Jardin, French architect, designed the Yellow Palace and Bernstorff Palace (d. 1799)
- 1723 – Charles Carroll, American lawyer and politician (d. 1783)
- 1728 – Anton Raphael M... | 48,123 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
American sculptor, designed the Statue of Freedom (d. 1857)
- 1817 – Braxton Bragg, American general (d. 1876)
- 1818 – John Ainsworth Horrocks, English-Australian explorer, founded Penwortham (d. 1846)
- 1822 – Ahmed Cevdet Pasha, Ottoman sociologist, historian, scholar, statesman and jurist (d. 1895)
- 1... | 48,124 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
(d. 1926)
- 1857 – Paul Doumer, French mathematician, journalist, and politician, 14th President of France (d. 1932)
- 1866 – Jack Boyle, American baseball player and umpire (d. 1913)
- 1868 – Robert Andrews Millikan, American colonel and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1953)
- 1869 – Tom McInnes, Scot... | 48,125 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
Rei, Estonian lawyer and politician, Head of State of Estonia (d. 1963)
- 1887 – Chico Marx, American actor (d. 1961)
- 1890 – George Clark, American race car driver (d. 1978)
- 1892 – Charlie Poole, American country banjo player (d. 1931)
- 1892 – Johannes Semper, Estonian poet and scholar (d. 1970)
- 18... | 48,126 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
1902 – Madeleine Milhaud, French actress and composer (d. 2008)
- 1903 – Bill Holman, American cartoonist (d. 1987)
- 1907 – James M. Gavin, American general and diplomat, United States Ambassador to France (d. 1990)
- 1908 – Jack Crawford, Australian tennis player (d. 1991)
- 1908 – Louis L'Amour, America... | 48,127 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
race car driver (d. 1959)
- 1913 – Tom McCall, American journalist and politician, 30th Governor of Oregon (d. 1983)
- 1913 – Lew Wasserman, American businessman and talent agent (d. 2002)
- 1913 – James Westerfield, American actor (d. 1971)
- 1914 – John Stanley, American author and illustrator (d. 1993)
... | 48,128 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
1920 – James Brown, American actor and singer (d. 1992)
- 1920 – Werner Klemperer, German-American actor (d. 2000)
- 1920 – Lloyd MacPhail, Canadian businessman and politician, 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island (d. 1995)
- 1920 – Fanny Waterman, English pianist and educator, founded the Leeds... | 48,129 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
Marceau, French mime and actor (d. 2007)
- 1924 – Al Neuharth, American journalist and author, founded "USA Today" (d. 2013)
- 1924 – Yevgeny Ostashev, the test pilot of rocket, participant in the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, Lenin prize winner, Candidate of Technical Sciences (d. 1960)
-... | 48,130 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
– E. D. Hirsch, American author, critic, and academic
- 1928 – Ed Macauley, American basketball player, coach, and priest (d. 2011)
- 1929 – Yayoi Kusama, Japanese artist
- 1929 – P. Ramlee, Malaysian actor, director, singer, songwriter, composer, and producer. (d. 1973)
- 1930 – Derek Bok, American lawyer... | 48,131 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
Dutch physician and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 2014)
- 1932 – Larry Evans, American chess player and journalist (d. 2010)
- 1933 – Abolhassan Banisadr, Iranian economist and politician, 1st President of Iran
- 1934 – May Britt, Swedish actress
- 1934 – Sheila Cameron, English ... | 48,132 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
Büyükburç, Turkish singer-songwriter, pop music composer, and actor (d. 2015)
- 1937 – Angelo Badalamenti, American pianist and composer
- 1937 – Armin Hary, German sprinter
- 1937 – Jon Hassell, American trumpet player and composer
- 1938 – Rein Etruk, Estonian chess player (d. 2012)
- 1940 – Dave Keon, ... | 48,133 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
1942 – Jorge Ben Jor, Brazilian singer-songwriter
- 1942 – Dick Pound, Canadian lawyer and academic
- 1943 – George Benson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1943 – Nazem Ganjapour, Iranian footballer and manager (d. 2013)
- 1943 – Keith Relf, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d.... | 48,134 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
and author
- 1946 – Harry Vanda, Dutch-Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
- 1947 – George Ferguson, English architect and politician, 1st Mayor of Bristol
- 1947 – James Patterson, American author and producer
- 1947 – Maarten van Gent, Dutch basketball player and coach
- 1948 – Wolf Bl... | 48,135 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
chess grandmaster
- 1955 – Lena Olin, Swedish actress
- 1955 – Pete Sessions, American politician
- 1955 – Valdis Zatlers, Latvian physician and politician, 7th President of Latvia
- 1956 – Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (born María Teresa Mestre y Batista)
- 1957 – Jürgen Bucher, German footba... | 48,136 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
league player
- 1966 – Pia Cayetano, Filipino lawyer and politician
- 1966 – Todd Ewen, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2015)
- 1966 – Artis Pabriks, Latvian academic and politician, 11th Minister for Defence of Latvia
- 1966 – António Pinto, Portuguese runner
- 1966 – Brian Shaw, American basket... | 48,137 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
player, coach, and actor
- 1972 – Cory Lidle, American baseball player (d. 2006)
- 1972 – Elvis Stojko, Canadian figure skater and sportscaster
- 1973 – Beverley Knight, English singer-songwriter and producer
- 1974 – Marcus Camby, American basketball player
- 1974 – Philippe Clement, Belgian footballer
... | 48,138 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
American football player and coach
- 1977 – Tom Poti, American ice hockey player
- 1979 – Aaron North, American guitarist
- 1979 – Juan Uribe, Dominican baseball player
- 1981 – Arne Gabius, German runner
- 1982 – Piá, Brazilian footballer
- 1982 – Enrico Gasparotto, Italian cyclist
- 1982 – Michael Jan... | 48,139 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
American baseball player
- 1987 – Ike Davis, American baseball player
- 1987 – Jairo Mora Sandoval, Costa Rican environmentalist (d. 2013)
- 1987 – Liam Doran, British rally cross driver
- 1989 – Ruben Popa, Romanian footballer
- 1989 – J. J. Watt, American football player
- 1989 – Tyler Oakley, American... | 48,140 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
Steward of England (b. 1388)
- 1454 – John Kemp, Archbishop of Canterbury
- 1471 – George of Poděbrady (b. 1420)
- 1544 – Johannes Magnus, Swedish archbishop and theologian (b. 1488)
- 1602 – Agostino Carracci, Italian painter and educator (b. 1557)
- 1685 – Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (b. 1638)
- 1687 – Jea... | 48,141 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
French mathematician and academic (b. 1798)
- 1864 – Konstanty Kalinowski, writer, journalist, lawyer and revolutionary (b. 1838)
- 1881 – Samuel Courtauld, English businessman (b. 1793)
- 1896 – Thomas Hughes, English lawyer and politician (b. 1822)
- 1913 – Song Jiaoren, Chinese educator and politician (... | 48,142 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
lawyer and judge (b. 1857)
- 1952 – D. S. Senanayake, 1st Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (b. 1883)
- 1955 – Ivan Šubašić, Croatian lawyer and politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (b. 1892)
- 1958 – Mike Todd, American film producer (b. 1909)
- 1960 – José Antonio Aguirre, Spanish lawyer and politicia... | 48,143 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
Dwyer McLaughlin, American painter (b. 1898)
- 1977 – A. K. Gopalan, Indian educator and politician (b. 1904)
- 1978 – Karl Wallenda, German-American acrobat and tightrope walker, founded The Flying Wallendas (b. 1905)
- 1979 – Ben Lyon, American actor and studio executive (b. 1901)
- 1981 – James Elliott,... | 48,144 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
Bull, Canadian engineer and academic (b. 1928)
- 1991 – Léon Balcer, Canadian lawyer and politician, 19th Solicitor General of Canada (b. 1917)
- 1991 – Paul Engle, American novelist, poet, playwright, and critic (b. 1908)
- 1991 – Dave Guard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1934)
- 1991 – Glo... | 48,145 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
– Billy Williamson, American guitarist (b. 1925)
- 1999 – Max Beloff, Baron Beloff, English historian and academic (b. 1913)
- 1999 – David Strickland, American actor (b. 1969)
- 2000 – Carlo Parola, Italian footballer and manager (b. 1921)
- 2001 – Stepas Butautas, Lithuanian basketball player and coach (... | 48,146 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
(b. 1952)
- 2004 – Janet Akyüz Mattei, Turkish-American astronomer and academic (b. 1943)
- 2004 – Ahmed Yassin, Co-founded Hamas (b. 1937)
- 2004 – V. M. Tarkunde, Indian lawyer and civil rights activist (b. 1909)
- 2005 – Rod Price, English guitarist and songwriter (b. 1947)
- 2005 – Gemini Ganesan, Ind... | 48,147 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
Indian-Italian philosopher and educator (b. 1918)
- 2008 – Cachao López, Cuban-American bassist and composer (b. 1918)
- 2010 – James Black, Scottish biologist and pharmacologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1924)
- 2010 – Özhan Canaydın, Turkish basketball player and businessman (b. 1943)
- 2011 – Artur Agos... | 48,148 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
American baseball player and coach (b. 1932)
- 2012 – David Waltz, American computer scientist and academic (b. 1943)
- 2012 – Neil L. Whitehead, English anthropologist and author (b. 1956)
- 2013 – Vladimír Čech, Czech actor and politician (b. 1951)
- 2013 – James Nabrit, American lawyer and academic (b. ... | 48,149 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
(b. 1938)
- 2014 – Tasos Mitsopoulos, Cypriot politician, Cypriot Minister of Defence (b. 1965)
- 2015 – Arkady Arkanov, Ukrainian-Russian actor and playwright (b. 1933)
- 2015 – Horst Buhtz, German footballer and manager (b. 1923)
- 2015 – George Neel, Jr., American businessman (b. 1930)
- 2015 – Norman ... | 48,150 |
20211 | March 22 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2022 | March 22
27)
- 2018 – Johan van Hulst, Dutch politician, academic and author, Yad Vashem recipient (b. 1911)
# Holidays and observances.
- Christian feast day:
- Basil of Ancyra
- Blessed Clemens August Graf von Galen
- Darerca of Ireland
- Epaphroditus
- Jonathan Edwards (Lutheranism)
- Lea of Rome
- Nichola... | 48,151 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
Legend of Mana
Legend of Mana is a 1999 action role-playing game developed and published by Square (now Square Enix) for the PlayStation. It is the fourth game in the "Mana" series, following 1995's "Trials of Mana". Set in a high fantasy universe, the game follows an unnamed hero as they restore the la... | 48,152 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
Make system, generating regions and quests in a non-linear gameplay system rather than a strong main plotline. "Legend of Mana" was directed by series creator Koichi Ishii, designed by Akihiko Matsui, and produced by veteran Square director and producer Akitoshi Kawazu.
The game had high sales, selling ... | 48,153 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
of both the PlayStation's and Square Enix's best-sellers lines. It was released as a PSOne Classic in Japan and North America.
# Gameplay.
Like previous games in the "Mana" series, "Legend of Mana" displays an angled top-down perspective, in which the player characters navigate the terrain and fight of... | 48,154 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
player can take control of the support character, or load in their own character from a different save file, if present. The main character and companions each have their own set of numerical attributes including hit points and strength, which represent the amount of damage the player can take or cause. ... | 48,155 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
Weapons let the player perform abilities in combat. Referred to as Special Techs, these abilities are powerful attacks by the main characters and support characters that can be used when the special move meter is full. This meter fills as the player damages enemies. Each weapon, such as a sword or spear,... | 48,156 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
on empty square plots on a map. This map takes the form of a grid of spaces presented in an isometric viewpoint on a map screen. When an Artifact is placed in a space on the map, it creates a Land, and the player can enter that Land by selecting the position on the map. Adjacent Lands are not connected; ... | 48,157 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
magic of that element to be stronger in that Land. The strength of the rankings is dependent on the Artifact, its position on the Map, and the rankings of adjacent Lands. Many locations have non-player characters who give quests and information or sell equipment. Other areas feature enemies and bosses wi... | 48,158 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
They can grow different types of fruit in the orchard, raise pets to use as adventuring companions, create items, and build golems. Pets can also be raised with the Japan-only PocketStation peripheral, and two players can battle each other in an arena.
# Plot.
## Setting.
"Legend of Mana" is set in th... | 48,159 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
controlled by the player, is self-charged with restoring the world, and mana, to its former self. The Lands of Fa'Diel are populated with a large number of different creatures, including humans, faeries, demons, the jewel-hearted Jumi race, plant-like Sproutlings and Flowerlings, miner bears called Dudbe... | 48,160 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
their history and personality is meant to be determined by the player.
## Characters and story branches.
Rather than a single, overarching plot, the story of "Legend of Mana" is composed of a multitude of quests split into three main quest arcs, numerous other quests, and a final quest arc. Each main q... | 48,161 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
first main arc is the story of the Jumi, a dying race of people who have external jewel hearts which are considered valuable. The Jumi have long been a persecuted people, and many magic characters in this game refer to them as "dirt" as a pejorative on their jewel cores. This branch focuses on Elazul and... | 48,162 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
war for power. Larc serves the dragon Drakonis, who wants to kill the other three dragons so that he can rule the world. Larc blackmails the game's protagonist to help him in this quest. Sierra, a dragoon for Vadise the White Dragon, wants to stop Drakonis without hurting her brother Larc. In the end, Dr... | 48,163 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
a mediator between all parties while keeping Matilda away from Irwin. The conflict eventually escalates into a war between humans and faeries. Depending on the choices of the player, either Daena or Escad will die, while the player helps bring an end to the conflict.
Regardless of which path(s) the hero... | 48,164 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
rotten trunk. Calling upon the other Sproutlings to join them, they restore the Mana Tree.
# Development and release.
"Legend of Mana" was directed by "Mana" series creator Koichi Ishii, who had worked on the three previous games in the series. Many of the other developers were new to the series, inclu... | 48,165 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
gameplay elements, Kawazu had a heavy influence on the gameplay design of the game.
"Legend of Mana" was designed as a 2D game, despite the PlayStation's 3D-focus, as the console could not handle the full 3D world Ishii envisioned where one could interact with natural shaped objects. Kawazu initially le... | 48,166 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
Kawazu has said that this experience taught him that his true skill in game development lay in working as a producer.
"Legend of Mana" was first announced by Square in March 1999 just before its debut at the Tokyo Game Show. The game was released in Japan in July 1999 with considerable hype, packaged wi... | 48,167 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
was a newcomer to the series; the previous two "Mana" games were scored by Hiroki Kikuta, and the first by Kenji Ito. Shimomura said in 2002 that she considered the soundtrack to "Legend of Mana" to be the one that best expresses herself. She claims that she prefers "passionate music that comes from the ... | 48,168 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
she "wanted to stay away from working with someone popular that everyone already knows". After hearing a sample of Ljungberg's music, she flew to Sweden "straight away" to do an analog recording of the song.
The 1999 soundtrack album "Seiken Densetsu / Legend of Mana Original Soundtrack" collects 55 tra... | 48,169 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
Four of the game's tracks were released as part of "Drammatica: The Very Best Works of Yoko Shimomura", an album of arrangements highlighting the composer's work.
## Merchandise.
Upon the game's Japanese release, several promotional items were made available from Square, including stuffed toy dolls of ... | 48,170 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
at a budget price along with a special music box and two character figurines. A companion book titled "Seiken Densetsu: Legend of Mana Ultimania" including artwork and interviews was released as part of Square's "Ultimania" series. It was published by DigiCube in 1999 and later reprinted by Square Enix i... | 48,171 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
the end of the year, it had sold over 700,000 copies in Japan. "Legend of Mana" was also the top selling PlayStation game during the week of its release in North America.
"Legend of Mana" received mixed reviews from critics. The game's presentation was almost universally praised, especially its use of v... | 48,172 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
Thomas's RPGFan review likened the graphics to Disney animation for having "a very storybook, cutesy cartoony feel to them", while Andrew Vestal of GameSpot said that the graphics were some of the most lush and ornate 2D graphics ever made. The game won an award for best graphics at the 4th Japan Game Aw... | 48,173 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
orchestrated" and a perfect fit for the game in each environment.
Much of the game's criticism stemmed from its substitution of mostly unrelated quests over a main storyline. "GamePro", while praising the Land Make system, found that the "focus of "Legend of Mana" is obscured by the over-abundance of su... | 48,174 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
that the Land Make system was an "innovative feature" but that it left the game disjointed without a solid plot to keep everything together. The Japanese "Weekly Famitsu" reviewers felt that the system was ambitious, but left the game feeling disconnected, and that the divided plotlines kept the beginnin... | 48,175 |
1216176 | Legend of Mana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend%20of%20Mana | Legend of Mana
Bilyk felt that the smaller plots, while sometimes simplistic and not focused on the player, were enjoyable experiences. IGN's Smith concluded that while he enjoyed the game, he felt that it was not a complete game like "Secret of Mana", but instead a collection of fun experiences.
## Legacy.
In Novemb... | 48,176 |
20203 | Marietta Alboni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marietta%20Alboni | Marietta Alboni
Marietta Alboni
Marietta Alboni (6 March 1826 – 23 June 1894) was a renowned Italian contralto opera singer. She is considered as 'one of the greatest contraltos in operatic history'.
# Biography.
Alboni was born at Città di Castello, in Umbria. She became a pupil of of Cesena, Emilia–Romagna, and la... | 48,177 |
20203 | Marietta Alboni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marietta%20Alboni | Marietta Alboni
she could pay for her studies. After she achieved her diploma and made a modest debut in Bologna, in 1842, as "Climene" in Pacini's "Saffo", she obtained a triennial engagement thanks to Rossini's influence on the impresario Bartolomeo Merelli, Intendant at both Milan's Teatro alla Scala and Vienna's Im... | 48,178 |
20203 | Marietta Alboni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marietta%20Alboni | Marietta Alboni
was followed by roles in operas by Marliani, Donizetti (as "Maffio Orsini" and "Leonora" in the Scala premiere of an Italian version of "La favorite"), Salvi and Pacini. In the season 1844–1845 she was engaged in the Saint Petersburg Imperial Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre; later, in 1846–47, she toured the pr... | 48,179 |
20203 | Marietta Alboni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marietta%20Alboni | Marietta Alboni
and composed the aria "Non! – non, non, non, non, non! Vous n'avez jamais, je gage" in Act 2' for her. On 28 August 1848, she sang at a concert in Manchester's Concert Hall, sharing the stage with Lorenzo Salvi and Frédéric Chopin. She toured the United States in 1852–53, appearing there with Camilla Ur... | 48,180 |
20203 | Marietta Alboni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marietta%20Alboni | Marietta Alboni
Patti, the leading soprano of the time, a stanza of "Dies irae", "Liber scriptum", adjusted to the music of the duet "Quis est Homo" from Rossini's own "Stabat Mater". Out of deference to her master, she also accepted to resume her singing career mainly in order to tour the orchestral version of the "Pe... | 48,181 |
20203 | Marietta Alboni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marietta%20Alboni | Marietta Alboni
des Italiens but, in fact, she never gave up singing in private and in benefit concerts. When in 1887 the French and Italian Governments agreed upon moving the mortal remains of Rossini into the Basilica di Santa Croce in Florence, Alboni, then a sixty-one-year-old lady living in seclusion, wrote to the... | 48,182 |
20203 | Marietta Alboni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marietta%20Alboni | Marietta Alboni
present at the exhumation ceremony in Paris. The Paris correspondent of the Rome newspaper "Il Fanfulla" wrote on the occasion: "photographers snapped in the same shot the greatest performer of "Cenerentola" and "Semiramide", and what is left of the man who wrote these masterpieces".
In 1877 she had re... | 48,183 |
20203 | Marietta Alboni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marietta%20Alboni | Marietta Alboni
the sweet thought that she had employed it to encourage and to console.
# Artistic features.
Alboni's voice, an exceptionally fine contralto with a seamless compass of two and one-half octaves, extending as high as the soprano range was said to possess at once power, sweetness, fullness, and extraordi... | 48,184 |
20203 | Marietta Alboni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marietta%20Alboni | Marietta Alboni
she scored a real triumph in 1850, when she made her operatic debut at the Paris Opéra performing the tragic role of "Fidès" in Meyerbeer's "Le prophète", which had been created the year before by no less than Pauline Viardot. Furthermore, she was able to cope with such dramatic roles as "Azucena" and "... | 48,185 |
20203 | Marietta Alboni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marietta%20Alboni | Marietta Alboni
"Anna Bolena", by Donizetti – Anna and Smeton
- "L'assedio di Corinto", by Rossini – Neocle
- "Un ballo in maschera", by Verdi – Ulrica
- "Il barbiere di Siviglia", by Rossini – Rosina
- "La Cenerentola", by Rossini – Cenerentola
- "Charles VI", by Halévy – Odette
- "Consuelo", by Giovanni Battist... | 48,186 |
20203 | Marietta Alboni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marietta%20Alboni | Marietta Alboni
Carlo, Giovanna
- "La favorite", by Donizetti – Léonor
- "La fille du régiment", by Donizetti – Marie
- "La gazza ladra", by Rossini – Pippo and Ninetta
- "", cantata, by Rossini
- "Giulietta e Romeo", by Vaccai – Romeo
- "Il giuramento", by Mercadante – Bianca
- "Ildegonda", by Marco Aurelio Mar... | 48,187 |
20203 | Marietta Alboni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marietta%20Alboni | Marietta Alboni
pazza per amore", by Coppola – Nina
- "Norma", by Bellini – Norma
- "Le nozze di Figaro", by Mozart – The page (Cherubino)
- "Oberon", by Weber – Fatima
- Petite messe solennelle, mass by Rossini
- "Le prophète", by Meyerbeer – Fidès
- "La reine de Chypre", by Halévy – Catarina
- "Rigoletto", by ... | 48,188 |
20203 | Marietta Alboni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marietta%20Alboni | Marietta Alboni
Meyerbeer – The page (Urbain)
# References.
Notes
Sources
- Rodolfo Celletti, "La grana della voce. Opere, direttori e cantanti", 2nd edition (Milano, 2000).
- Henry Fothergill Chorley (1862), "Thirty Years' Musical Recollections". Hurst & Blackett, London, Volume II, The Year 1847, 8–13.
- Gallia... | 48,189 |
20203 | Marietta Alboni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marietta%20Alboni | Marietta Alboni
Williams (Eds.) (1917–1926), "New International Encyclopedia" (2nd Edition). Dodd, Mead & Co., The University Press, Cambridge Massachusetts.
- G. T. Ferris, "Great Singers" (New York, 1893)
- Arthur Pougin, "Marietta Alboni" (Paris, 1912; accessible for free online at gallica.bnf.fr Gallica – Bibliot... | 48,190 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
March 17
# Events.
- 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda.
- 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of eighteen, following the death of his father, Marcus Aurelius.
- 455 – Petroniu... | 48,191 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
of Los Alporchones is fought in the context of the Spanish Reconquista between the Emirate of Granada and the combined forces of the Kingdom of Castile and Murcia resulting in a Christian victory.
- 1560 – Fort Coligny on Villegagnon Island in Rio de Janeiro is attacked and destroyed during the Portuguese cam... | 48,192 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
Army a holiday "as an act of solidarity with the Irish in their fight for independence".
- 1805 – The Italian Republic, with Napoleon as president, becomes the Kingdom of Italy, with Napoleon as King.
- 1824 – The Anglo-Dutch Treaty is signed in London, dividing the Malay archipelago. As a result, the Malay ... | 48,193 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
New Zealand, a major phase of the New Zealand Wars.
- 1861 – The Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed.
- 1891 – collides with in the Bay of Gibraltar and sinks, killing 562 of the 880 passengers on board.
- 1921 – The Second Polish Republic adopts the March Constitution.
- 1939 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle... | 48,194 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
1947 – First flight of the B-45 Tornado strategic bomber.
- 1948 – Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom sign the Treaty of Brussels, a precursor to the North Atlantic Treaty establishing NATO.
- 1950 – Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley announce the creation ... | 48,195 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
covert action program that will ultimately lead to the Bay of Pigs Invasion.
- 1963 – Mount Agung erupted on Bali killing more than 1,100 people.
- 1966 – Off the coast of Spain in the Mediterranean, the submarine finds a missing American hydrogen bomb.
- 1968 – As a result of nerve gas testing in Skull Val... | 48,196 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
works, killing two workers.
- 1985 – Serial killer Richard Ramirez, aka the "Night Stalker", commits the first two murders in his Los Angeles murder spree.
- 1988 – A Colombian Boeing 727 jetliner, Avianca Flight 410, crashes into a mountainside near the Venezuelan border killing 143.
- 1988 – Eritrean War ... | 48,197 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
Five hundred thirty members of the Ugandan cult Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God die in a fire, considered to be a mass murder or suicide orchestrated by leaders of the cult. Elsewhere another 248 members are later found dead.
- 2003 – Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth... | 48,198 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
– James IV of Scotland (d. 1513)
- 1523 – Giovanni Francesco Commendone, Catholic cardinal (d. 1584)
- 1537 – Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Japanese daimyō (d. 1598)
- 1611 – Robert Douglas, Count of Skenninge, Swedish field marshal (d. 1662)
- 1665 – Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre, French harpsichord player and com... | 48,199 |
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