wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
States (d. 1864)
- 1780 – Thomas Chalmers, Scottish minister, economist, and educator (d. 1847)
- 1781 – Ebenezer Elliott, English poet and educator (d. 1849)
- 1804 – Jim Bridger, American fur trader and explorer (d. 1881)
- 1806 – Norbert Rillieux, African American inventor and chemical engineer (d. 1894... | 48,200 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
co-invented the Arc lamp (d. 1929)
- 1849 – Cornelia Clapp, American marine biologist (d. 1934)
- 1856 – Mikhail Vrubel, Russian painter (d. 1910)
- 1862 – Silvio Gesell, Belgian merchant and economist (d. 1930)
- 1864 – Joseph Baptista, Indian engineer, lawyer, and politician (d. 1930)
- 1866 – Pierce Bu... | 48,201 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
and explorer (d. 1912)
- 1881 – Walter Rudolf Hess, Swiss physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
- 1884 – Alcide Nunez, American clarinet player (d. 1934)
- 1885 – Ralph Rose, American shot putter, discus thrower, and tug of war competitor (d. 1913)
- 1886 – Princess Patricia of Connaugh... | 48,202 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
and academic (d. 1981)
- 1895 – Lloyd Rees, Australian painter (d. 1988)
- 1901 – Alfred Newman, American composer and conductor (d. 1970)
- 1902 – Bobby Jones, American golfer and lawyer (d. 1971)
- 1904 – Chaim Gross, Austrian-American sculptor and educator (d. 1991)
- 1906 – Brigitte Helm, German-Swiss... | 48,203 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
(d. 2016)
- 1914 – Sammy Baugh, American football player and coach (d. 2008)
- 1915 – Robert S. Arbib Jr., American ornithologist, writer and conservationist (d. 1987)
- 1915 – Ray Ellington, English drummer and bandleader (d. 1985)
- 1915 – Bill Roycroft, Australian equestrian rider (d. 2011)
- 1919 – Na... | 48,204 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
educator (d. 2013)
- 1925 – Gabriele Ferzetti, Italian actor (d. 2015)
- 1926 – Siegfried Lenz, Polish-German author and playwright (d. 2014)
- 1927 – Betty Allen, American soprano and educator (d. 2009)
- 1928 – William John McKeag, Canadian businessman and politician, 17th Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba... | 48,205 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
author
- 1935 – Fred T. Mackenzie, American biologist and academic
- 1935 – Adam Wade, American singer, drummer, and actor
- 1936 – Ladislav Kupkovič, Slovakian composer and conductor (d. 2016)
- 1936 – Ken Mattingly, American admiral, pilot, and astronaut
- 1937 – Galina Samsova, Russian ballerina
- 193... | 48,206 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
English sailor and first person to perform a single-handed non-stop circumnavigation of the globe
- 1939 – Giovanni Trapattoni, Italian footballer and manager
- 1940 – Mark White, American lawyer and politician, 43rd Governor of Texas
- 1941 – Wang Jin-pyng, Taiwanese soldier and politician
- 1941 – Paul K... | 48,207 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
baseball player and manager
- 1944 – John Sebastian, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1945 – Michael Hayden, American general, 20th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
- 1947 – Yury Chernavsky, Russian-American songwriter and producer
- 1948 – William Gibson, American-Canadian author and ... | 48,208 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
and producer
- 1952 – Barry Horne, English activist (d. 2001)
- 1953 – Filemon Lagman, Filipino activist (d. 2001)
- 1953 – Chuck Muncie, American football player (d. 2013)
- 1954 – Lesley-Anne Down, English actress
- 1955 – Cynthia McKinney, American activist and politician
- 1955 – Paul Overstreet, Ame... | 48,209 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
journalist and author
- 1959 – Danny Ainge, American baseball and basketball player
- 1959 – Paul Black, American singer-songwriter and drummer
- 1960 – Arye Gross, American actor
- 1960 – Vicki Lewis, American actress and singer
- 1961 – Sam Bowie, American basketball player
- 1961 – Dana Reeve, America... | 48,210 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
director, and producer
- 1963 – Roger Harper, Guyanese cricketer and coach
- 1964 – Stefano Borgonovo, Italian footballer (d. 2013)
- 1964 – Lee Dixon, English footballer and journalist
- 1964 – Rob Lowe, American actor and producer
- 1964 – Jacques Songo'o, Cameroonian footballer and coach
- 1965 – Andr... | 48,211 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
actor and producer
- 1969 – Edgar Grospiron, French skier
- 1969 – Alexander McQueen, English fashion designer, founded own eponymous brand (d. 2010)
- 1970 – Patrick Lebeau, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1970 – Gene Ween, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1971 – Bill Mueller, American baseball pl... | 48,212 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
player and manager
- 1974 – Mark Dolan, English comedian and television host
- 1975 – Justin Hawkins, English singer-songwriter
- 1975 – Puneeth Rajkumar, Indian actor, singer, and producer
- 1975 – Test, Canadian-American wrestler (d. 2009)
- 1975 – Natalie Zea, American actress
- 1976 – Scott Downs, Am... | 48,213 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
Stephen Kramer Glickman, Canadian-American actor, director, producer, and fashion designer
- 1979 – Samoa Joe, American professional wrestler
- 1980 – Danny Califf, American soccer player
- 1980 – Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi, Pakistani tennis player
- 1981 – Aaron Baddeley, American-Australian golfer
- 1981 – Se... | 48,214 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
1986 – Edin Džeko, Bosnian footballer
- 1986 – Miles Kane, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1986 – Silke Spiegelburg, German pole vaulter
- 1987 – Federico Fazio, Argentinian footballer
- 1987 – Krisnan Inu, New Zealand rugby league player
- 1987 – Ryan Parent, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1987 ... | 48,215 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
1991 – Jack De Belin, Australian rugby league player
- 1992 – Patrick Cantlay, American golfer
- 1992 – John Boyega, English actor
- 1993 – Matteo Bianchetti, Italian footballer
- 1994 – Dean Britt, Australian rugby league player
- 1995 – Ashley Taylor, Australian rugby league player
- 1997 – Katie Ledec... | 48,216 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
– Kazan, emperor of Japan (b. 968)
- 1040 – Harold Harefoot, king of England
- 1058 – Lulach, king of Scotland
- 1199 – Jocelin of Glasgow, Scottish monk and bishop (b. 1130)
- 1267 – Pierre de Montreuil, French architect
- 1270 – Philip of Montfort, French knight and nobleman
- 1272 – Go-Saga, emperor o... | 48,217 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
and academic (b. 1500)
- 1611 – Sophia of Sweden, duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1547)
- 1620 – John Sarkander, Polish-Moravian priest and saint (b. 1576)
- 1640 – Philip Massinger, English playwright (b. 1583)
- 1649 – Gabriel Lalemant, French missionary and saint (b. 1610)
- 1663 – Jerome Weston, 2nd Ear... | 48,218 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
(b. 1695)
- 1782 – Daniel Bernoulli, Dutch-Swiss mathematician and physicist (b. 1700)
- 1828 – James Edward Smith, English botanist and entomologist (b. 1759)
- 1829 – Sophia Albertina, princess-abbess of Quedlinburg (b. 1753)
- 1830 – Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, French general and politician (b. 1764)
... | 48,219 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
1893 – Jules Ferry, French lawyer and politician, 44th Prime Minister of France (b. 1832)
- 1917 – Franz Brentano, German philosopher and psychologist (b. 1838)
- 1926 – Aleksei Brusilov, Georgian-Russian general (b. 1853)
- 1937 – Austen Chamberlain, English politician, Secretary of State for Foreign and C... | 48,220 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
(b. 1897)
- 1957 – Ramon Magsaysay, Filipino captain and politician, 7th President of the Philippines (b. 1907)
- 1958 – John Pius Boland, Irish tennis player and politician (b. 1870)
- 1958 – Bertha De Vriese, Belgian physician (b. 1877)
- 1961 – Susanna M. Salter, American activist and politician (b. 186... | 48,221 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
(b. 1903)
- 1983 – Louisa E. Rhine, American botanist and parapsychologist (b. 1891)
- 1986 – Clarence D. Lester, African-American fighter pilot (b.1923)
- 1990 – Capucine, French model and actress (b. 1928)
- 1992 – Grace Stafford, American actress (b. 1903)
- 1993 – Helen Hayes, American actress (b. 190... | 48,222 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
1905)
- 2002 – Rosetta LeNoire, American actress and producer (b. 1911)
- 2002 – Văn Tiến Dũng, Vietnamese general and politician, 6th Minister of Defence for Vietnam (b. 1917)
- 2002 – Sylvester "Pat" Weaver, American television broadcaster and producer (b. 1908)
- 2005 – Royce Frith, Canadian lawyer, pol... | 48,223 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
– İstemihan Taviloğlu, Turkish composer and educator (b. 1945)
- 2007 – John Backus, American mathematician and computer scientist, designed Fortran (b. 1924)
- 2007 – Roger Bennett, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1959)
- 2008 – Roland Arnall, French-American businessman and diplomat, 63rd Unite... | 48,224 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
1925)
- 2012 – Shenouda III, pope of Alexandria (b. 1923)
- 2012 – Margaret Whitlam, Australian swimmer and author (b. 1919)
- 2013 – William B. Caldwell III, American general (b. 1925)
- 2013 – Lawrence Fuchs, American scholar and academic (b. 1927)
- 2013 – A.B.C. Whipple, American journalist and histor... | 48,225 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1960)
- 2018 – Mike MacDonald, Canadian comedian (b. 1954)
- 2018 – Phan Văn Khải, the fifth Prime Minister of Vietnam (b. 1933)
# Holidays and observances.
- Children's Day (Bangladesh)
- Christian feast day:
- Alexius of Rome (Eastern Church)
- Gertrude of Nive... | 48,226 |
20223 | March 17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March%2017 | March 17
d, Canadian comedian (b. 1954)
- 2018 – Phan Văn Khải, the fifth Prime Minister of Vietnam (b. 1933)
# Holidays and observances.
- Children's Day (Bangladesh)
- Christian feast day:
- Alexius of Rome (Eastern Church)
- Gertrude of Nivelles
- John Sarkander
- Joseph of Arimathea (Western Church)
- Patr... | 48,227 |
20213 | Multiple-image Network Graphics | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiple-image%20Network%20Graphics | Multiple-image Network Graphics
Multiple-image Network Graphics
Multiple-image Network Graphics (MNG) is a graphics file format, published in 2001, for animated images. Its specification is publicly documented and there are free software reference implementations available.
MNG is closely related to the PNG image for... | 48,228 |
20213 | Multiple-image Network Graphics | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiple-image%20Network%20Graphics | Multiple-image Network Graphics
for stills and video/ for animations—GIF notwithstanding). However, work soon started on MNG as an animation-supporting version of PNG. Version 1.0 of the MNG specification was released on 31 January 2001.
# File support.
## Support.
Gwenview has native MNG support. GIMP can export im... | 48,229 |
20213 | Multiple-image Network Graphics | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiple-image%20Network%20Graphics | Multiple-image Network Graphics
actual usage, causing complaints on the Mozilla development site. Mozilla later added support for APNG as a simpler alternative. Similarly, early versions of the Konqueror browser included MNG support but it was later dropped. MNG support was never included in Google Chrome, Internet Exp... | 48,230 |
20213 | Multiple-image Network Graphics | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiple-image%20Network%20Graphics | Multiple-image Network Graphics
services, web usage was far less than expected.
# Technical details.
The structure of MNG files is essentially the same as that of PNG files, differing only in the slightly different signature (codice_1 in hexadecimal, where codice_2 is ASCII for "MNG" – see Portable Network Graphics: ... | 48,231 |
20213 | Multiple-image Network Graphics | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiple-image%20Network%20Graphics | Multiple-image Network Graphics
implement the entire MNG specification, just as the SVG standard offers the "SVG Basic" and "SVG Tiny" subsets.
MNG does not have a registered MIME media type, but codice_3 or codice_4 can be used.
MNG animations may be included in HTML pages using the codice_5 or codice_6 tag.
MNG ca... | 48,232 |
20213 | Multiple-image Network Graphics | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiple-image%20Network%20Graphics | Multiple-image Network Graphics
alternative for creating complex and/or interactive animations and is natively supported by Internet Explorer 10 and Google Chrome, although support is deprecated as of 2016.
In web pages, it is possible to create pseudo-animations by writing JavaScript code that loads still PNG or JPEG... | 48,233 |
20213 | Multiple-image Network Graphics | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiple-image%20Network%20Graphics | Multiple-image Network Graphics
web browsers support APNG, a non-standard extension to PNG for simple GIF-like animations. Another alternative is SVG images with embedded PNG or JPEG graphics, using SVG animation (if supported) or JavaScript to flip between images.
Internet Explorer supports neither APNG nor SVG anima... | 48,234 |
20213 | Multiple-image Network Graphics | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiple-image%20Network%20Graphics | Multiple-image Network Graphics
supported) or JavaScript to flip between images.
Internet Explorer supports neither APNG nor SVG animation.
Another approach uses CSS 3 features, notably CSS Animation, which now has some level of support in most major web browsers. CSS Sprites (providing several images as tiles in a s... | 48,235 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
Aoraki / Mount Cook
Aoraki / Mount Cook is the highest mountain in New Zealand. Its height since 2014 is listed as , down from before December 1991, due to a rockslide and subsequent erosion. It lies in the Southern Alps, the mountain range which runs the length of the South Island. A popular touri... | 48,236 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
into a knife-edge ridge and reduced the height of the mountain by an estimated 10 m or so at that time. Aoraki / Mount Cook was measured in 2013 to be 3724 m, which is 30 m down from its pre-1991 rock-fall measurement.
# Location.
The mountain is in the Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park, in the Cant... | 48,237 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
the main spine of the Main Divide, forming a massif between the Hooker Valley to the southwest and the Tasman Valley east of the mountain. These two valleys provide the closest easily accessible view points of Aoraki / Mount Cook. A lookout point at the end of the Hooker Valley Track located only 10... | 48,238 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
and from most of State Highway 80 along Lake Pukaki and State Highway 6 south of Lake Pukaki. The near horizontal ridge connecting the mountain's three summits forms a distinctive blocky shape when viewed from an eastern or western direction.
Another popular view point is from Lake Matheson on the ... | 48,239 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
mountain ranges varies greatly as the local climate is dominated by the eastward movement of depressions and anticyclones from across the Tasman Sea. The Aoraki / Mount Cook massif is a major obstacle to the prevailing westerly winds as they push depressions and associated cold fronts of moist air f... | 48,240 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
Mount Cook Village, only south of the mountain receives of rain or snowfall.
While the weather on the eastern side of the mountain is generally better, rain or snow can quickly become widespread on that side as well if the wind turns to the south or southeast. This brings with it a rapid drop in te... | 48,241 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
often bring days of settled weather in summer, or clear cold conditions in winter with severe frost.
# History.
## Naming and European discovery.
' is the name of a person in the traditions of the Ngāi Tahu iwi; an early name for the South Island is ' (Aoraki's Canoe). In the past many believed i... | 48,242 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
of Abel Tasman's crew, who saw a "large land uplifted high" (probably some part of the Southern Alps) while off the west coast of the South Island, just north of present-day Greymouth on 13 December 1642 during Tasman's first Pacific voyage. The English name of "Mount Cook" was given to the mountain... | 48,243 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
As part of the settlement, a number of South Island placenames were amended to incorporate their original Māori name. Signifying the importance of Aoraki / Mount Cook, it is the only one of these names where the Māori name precedes the English. Under the settlement the Crown agreed to return title t... | 48,244 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
Mt Cook Guidebook author Hugh Logan believe they came within 50 metres of the summit.
The first known ascent was on 25 December 1894, when New Zealanders Tom Fyfe, John Michael (Jack) Clarke and George Graham reached the summit via the Hooker Valley and the north ridge. Despite an earlier failed at... | 48,245 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
was not repeated again until the 100th ascent over 60 years later in 1955. Swiss guide Matthias Zurbriggen of FitzGerald's party made the second ascent on 14 March 1895 from the Tasman Glacier side, via the ridge that now bears his name. This is credited as the first solo ascent, although Zurbriggen... | 48,246 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
1910. Local guide George Bannister, a nephew of another guide, Pahikore Te Koeti Turanga of Ngāi Tahu, was the first Māori to successfully scale the peak in 1912.
A traverse of the three peaks was first accomplished in 1913 by Freda Du Faur and guides Peter and Alex Graham. This 'grand traverse' wa... | 48,247 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
life of Hillary the South Ridge was renamed as Hillary Ridge in August 2011.
Aoraki / Mount Cook is a technically challenging mountain with a high level of glaciation. Its level of difficulty is often underestimated and can change dramatically depending on weather, snow and ice conditions. The clim... | 48,248 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
Alps in the South Island were formed by tectonic uplifting and pressure as the Pacific and Indo-Australian Plates collided along the island's western coast. The uplifting continues, raising Aoraki / Mount Cook an average of each year. However, erosive forces are also powerful shapers of the mountain... | 48,249 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
west side) and in 1889 by T. N. Brodrick (from the Canterbury side). Their measurements agreed closely at . The height was reduced by when approximately 12–14 million cubic metres of rock and ice fell off the northern peak on 14 December 1991. Two decades of erosion of the ice cap exposed after this... | 48,250 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
forests and glaciers.
The average annual rainfall in the surrounding lowlands, in particular to the west, is around . This very high rainfall leads to temperate rainforests in these coastal lowlands and a reliable source of snow in the mountains to keep the glaciers flowing. These include the Tasma... | 48,251 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
around the mountain. Snow tussock and other alpine plants cling to as high as 1,900 m.
Above the snowline, only lichen can be found amongst the rock, snowfields and ice that dominate the highest parts of Aoraki / Mt Cook.
# Māori history, legends and traditions.
According to Māori legend, Aoraki ... | 48,252 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
the Marlborough Sounds. Aoraki, the tallest, became the highest peak, and his brothers created the Kā Tiritiri o te Moana, the Southern Alps.
Ngāi Tahu, the main iwi (tribe) of New Zealand's southern region, consider Aoraki as the most sacred of the ancestors that they had descended from. Aoraki br... | 48,253 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
of Aoraki / Mount Cook, on Christmas Day, by Jack Clarke, Tom Fyfe and George Graham
- 1910 – Freda du Faur became the first woman to climb Aoraki / Mount Cook
- 1913 – First ascents of the footstool and Mt Sefton made by Freda du Faur's climbing party
- 1914 – First fatal accident, when three me... | 48,254 |
20212 | Aoraki / Mount Cook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aoraki%20/%20Mount%20Cook | Aoraki / Mount Cook
snow cave
- 1991 – Avalanche of 10 million cubic metres of snow and rock causes 10 metres to be lost off the top of Aoraki / Mount Cook Two decades of erosion of the ice cap exposed after this collapse reduced the height by another 30 m to 3,724 m, as revealed by new GPS data from a University of O... | 48,255 |
20215 | Mississippi John Hurt | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mississippi%20John%20Hurt | Mississippi John Hurt
Mississippi John Hurt
John Smith Hurt (March 3, 1892 – November 2, 1966), better known as Mississippi John Hurt, was an American country blues singer and guitarist.
Raised in Avalon, Mississippi, Hurt taught himself to play the guitar around the age of nine. He worked as a sharecropper and began... | 48,256 |
20215 | Mississippi John Hurt | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mississippi%20John%20Hurt | Mississippi John Hurt
folk music revival, which led to the rediscovery of many other bluesmen of Hurt's era. Hurt performed on the university and coffeehouse concert circuit with other Delta blues musicians who were brought out of retirement. He also recorded several albums for Vanguard Records.
Hurt returned to Missi... | 48,257 |
20215 | Mississippi John Hurt | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mississippi%20John%20Hurt | Mississippi John Hurt
was born in Teoc, Carroll County, Mississippi, and raised in Avalon, Mississippi. He taught himself to play guitar at the age of nine, stealthily playing the guitar of a friend of his mother's, who often stayed at the Hurt home while courting a woman who lived nearby. As a youth he played old-time... | 48,258 |
20215 | Mississippi John Hurt | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mississippi%20John%20Hurt | Mississippi John Hurt
as a substitute for Narmour's regular partner, Shell Smith.
## First recordings.
When Narmour got a chance to record for Okeh Records as a prize for winning first place in a 1928 fiddle contest, he recommended Hurt to Okeh producer Tommy Rockwell. After auditioning "Monday Morning Blues" at his ... | 48,259 |
20215 | Mississippi John Hurt | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mississippi%20John%20Hurt | Mississippi John Hurt
Okeh went out of business during the Great Depression, and Hurt returned to Avalon and obscurity, working as a sharecropper and playing at local parties and dances.
## Rediscovery and death.
Hurt's renditions of "Frankie" and "Spike Driver Blues" were included in "The Anthology of American Folk ... | 48,260 |
20215 | Mississippi John Hurt | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mississippi%20John%20Hurt | Mississippi John Hurt
songs for him, to ensure that he was genuine. Hoskins was convinced and, seeing that Hurt's guitar playing skills were still intact, encouraged him to move to Washington, D.C., and perform for a broader audience. His performance at the 1963 Newport Folk Festival caused his star to rise in the folk... | 48,261 |
20215 | Mississippi John Hurt | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mississippi%20John%20Hurt | Mississippi John Hurt
variant of "John Henry") and "Frankie".
Hurt's influence spanned several music genres, including blues, spirituals, country, bluegrass, folk, and contemporary rock and roll. A soft-spoken man, his nature was reflected in the work, which consisted of a mellow mix of country, blues, and old-time mu... | 48,262 |
20215 | Mississippi John Hurt | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mississippi%20John%20Hurt | Mississippi John Hurt
among whom was an elderly, unrecorded blues singer from the area where he lived, Rufus Hanks, who played twelve-string guitar and harmonica. He also recalled listening to the country singer Jimmie Rodgers. On occasion, Hurt would use an open tuning and a slide, as he did in his arrangement of "The... | 48,263 |
20215 | Mississippi John Hurt | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mississippi%20John%20Hurt | Mississippi John Hurt
he grew up.
The American singer-songwriter Tom Paxton, who met Hurt and played on the same bill with him at the Gaslight in Greenwich Village around 1963, wrote and recorded a song about him in 1977, "Did You Hear John Hurt?", which he still frequently plays in live performances.
The first track... | 48,264 |
20215 | Mississippi John Hurt | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mississippi%20John%20Hurt | Mississippi John Hurt
the album "Avalon: A Tribute to Mississippi John Hurt", released in 2013 as part of her "Mentor Series".
The New England singer-songwriter Bill Morrissey released the Grammy-nominated album "Songs of Mississippi John Hurt" in 1999.
In 2017, John Hurt's life story was told in the award-winning do... | 48,265 |
20215 | Mississippi John Hurt | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mississippi%20John%20Hurt | Mississippi John Hurt
/ "Nobody's Dirty Business" 1928
- "Stack O' Lee" / "Candy Man Blues" 1928
- "Blessed Be the Name" / "Praying on the Old Camp Ground" 1928
- "Blue Harvest Blues" / "Spike Driver Blues" 1928
- "Louis Collins" / "Got the Blues (Can't Be Satisfied)" 1928
- "Ain't No Tellin'" / "Avalon Blues" 192... | 48,266 |
20215 | Mississippi John Hurt | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mississippi%20John%20Hurt | Mississippi John Hurt
vol. 2 1982
- "Satisfied", live recordings 1982
- "The Candy Man", live recordings 1982
- "Sacred and Secular: The Library of Congress Recordings", vol. 3 1988
- "Avalon Blues" 1989
- "Memorial Anthology", live recordings 1993
## Selected compilation albums.
- "The Original 1928 Recordings"... | 48,267 |
20215 | Mississippi John Hurt | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mississippi%20John%20Hurt | Mississippi John Hurt
- "" (), 2017
# Further reading.
- Ratcliffe, Philip R. (2011). "Mississippi John Hurt: His Life, His Times, His Blues". Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
# External links.
- Mississippi John Hurt Foundation, official website, includes information about the annual Mississippi John Hurt... | 48,268 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
Mycoplasma genitalium
Mycoplasma genitalium (MG, commonly known as Mgen), is a sexually transmitted, small and pathogenic bacterium that lives on the skin cells of the urinary and genital tracts in humans. Mgen is becoming increasingly common. Resistance to multiple antibiotics is occurring, incl... | 48,269 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
the azithromycin antibiotics.
Specifically, it causes urethritis in both men and women, and also cervicitis and pelvic inflammation in women. It presents clinically similar symptoms to that of "Chlamydia trachomatis" infection and has shown higher incidence rates, compared to both "Chlamydia trac... | 48,270 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
occurring) self-replicating organism and thus is often the organism of choice in minimal genome research.
The synthetic genome of Mgen named "Mycoplasma genitalium" JCVI-1.0 (after the research centre, J. Craig Venter Institute, where it was synthesised) was produced in 2008, becoming the first o... | 48,271 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
it causes cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID), including endometritis and salpingitis. Women may also experience bleeding after sex and it is also linked with tubal factor infertility. For men, the most common signs are painful urination or a watery discharge from the penis. Polymera... | 48,272 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
intensity of HIV infection. Some scientists are doing research to see if Mgen could play a role in the development of prostate and ovarian cancers and lymphomas in some individuals. These studies have yet to find conclusive evidence to suggest a link.
# Genome.
The genome of "M. genitalium" cons... | 48,273 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
at the Institute for Genomic Research, which included Craig Venter, they made the complete genome sequence in 1995 using shotgun sequencing. Only 470 predicted coding regions (out of 482 protein encoding genes) were identified, including genes required for DNA replication, transcription and transl... | 48,274 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
of genetic material necessary to sustain life.
# Pathophysiology.
There is a consistent association of "M. genitalium" infection and female reproductive tract syndromes. "M. genitalium" infection was significantly associated with increased risk of preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, cervicitis,... | 48,275 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
Mgen is currently higher than other commonly occurring STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections). Mgen is a fastidious organism with prolonged growth durations. This makes detection of the pathogen in clinical specimens and subsequent isolation, extremely difficult. Lacking a cell wall, mycoplasma re... | 48,276 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
of the pathogen. Mutations in the 23S rRNA gene of Mgen have been linked with clinical treatment failure and high level in vitro macrolide resistance. Macrolide resistance mediating mutations have been observed in 20-50% of cases in the UK, Denmark, Sweden, Australia, and Japan. Resistance is also... | 48,277 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
3. If current partner does not attend for evaluation and testing, treatment with the same regimen as given to the index patient should be offered on epidemiological grounds
- 4. On epidemiological grounds for sexual contacts in the previous 3 months; ideally, specimens for a Mgen NAAT should be c... | 48,278 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
to the widespread macrolide resistance, samples that are positive for Mgen should ideally be followed up with an assay capable of detecting mutations that mediate antimicrobial resistance. The European Guideline on Mgen infections, in 2016, recommended complementing the molecular detection of Mgen... | 48,279 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
of "Mycoplasma genitalium" infections is becoming increasingly difficult due to rapidly growing antimicrobial resistance. Diagnosis and treatment is further hampered by the fact that "Mycoplasma genitalium" infections are not routinely tested. Studies have demonstrated that a 5-day course of azith... | 48,280 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
The five-day treatment with azithromycin showed no development of antimicrobial resistance. Based on these findings, UK doctors are moving to the 5-day azithromycin regimen. Doxycycline is also still used, and moxifloxacin is used as a second-line treatment in case doxycyline and azithromycin are ... | 48,281 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
Paddington, London. It was reported in 1981 by a team led by Joseph G. Tully. Under electron microscopy, it appears as a flask-shaped cell with a narrow terminal portion that is crucial for its attachment to the host cell surfaces. The bacterial cell is slightly elongated somewhat like a vase, and... | 48,282 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
sequences with other urinogenital bacteria, such as "M. hominis" and "Ureaplasma parvum", revealed that "M. genitalium" is significantly different, especially in the energy-generating pathways, although it shared a core genome of ~250 protein-encoding genes.
# Synthetic life.
On 6 October 2007, ... | 48,283 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
On 24 January 2008, they announced the successful creation of a synthetic bacterium, which they named "Mycoplasma genitalium" JCVI-1.0 (the name of the strain indicating J. Craig Venter Institute with its specimen number). They synthesised and assembled the complete 582,970-base pair genome of the... | 48,284 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
is 360,110 kilodaltons (kDa). Printed in 10-point font, the letters of the genome cover 147 pages.
On 20 July 2012, Stanford University and the J. Craig Venter Institute announced successful simulation of the complete life cycle of a "Mycoplasma genitalium" cell, in the journal "Cell". The entire... | 48,285 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
cell takes — and generates half a gigabyte of data.
# Research.
The discovery of Protein M, a new protein from "M. genitalium", was announced in February 2014. The protein was identified during investigations on the origin of multiple myeloma, a B-cell hematologic neoplasm. To understand the lon... | 48,286 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
focus on the development of novel antimicrobials and treatment algorithms that emphasize on dual antimicrobial therapy and AMR testing in treatment protocols. Importantly, most patients with MG are treated syndromically and this treatment is even more compromised by the emerging resistances to sev... | 48,287 |
20219 | Mycoplasma genitalium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mycoplasma%20genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium
e development and evaluation of new classes of antimicrobials, are of utmost importance. Some of the novel antimicrobials, particularly the fluoroketolide solithromycin, might at least temporarily replace azithromycin in the treatment of Mgen. Ultimately, the only sustainable solution to control t... | 48,288 |
20229 | Macaroni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macaroni | Macaroni
Macaroni
Macaroni (, Italian: Maccheroni) is dry pasta shaped like narrow tubes. Made with durum wheat, macaroni is commonly cut in short lengths; curved macaroni may be referred to as elbow macaroni. Some home machines can make macaroni shapes, but like most pasta, macaroni is usually made commercially by la... | 48,289 |
20229 | Macaroni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macaroni | Macaroni
corta" ("short-length pasta"). Maccheroni may also refer to long pasta dishes such as "maccheroni alla chitarra" and "frittata di maccheroni", which are prepared with long pasta like spaghetti.
# Etymology.
The name comes from Italian "maccheroni" , plural form of "maccarone". The many variants sometimes dif... | 48,290 |
20229 | Macaroni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macaroni | Macaroni
the word is derived from the Greek μακαρία ("makaria"), a kind of barley broth which was served to commemorate the dead. In turn, that comes from μάκαρες ("makares") meaning "blessed dead", and ultimately from μακάριος ("makarios"), collateral of μάκαρ ("makar") which means "blessed, happy".
However, the Ital... | 48,291 |
20229 | Macaroni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macaroni | Macaroni
would be composed of the double root of μακάριος "blessed" and αἰωνίος ("aiōnios"), "eternally". The second is the Greek μακαρία "barley broth", which would have added the suffix "-one".
In his book "Delizia! The Epic History of Italians and their Food" (2007), John Dickie instead says that the word macaroni,... | 48,292 |
20229 | Macaroni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macaroni | Macaroni
song "Yankee Doodle".
The Russian language borrowed the word (as ) as a generic term for all varieties of pasta; this also holds for several other Slavic languages, as well as for Turkish, Greek, and Brazilian Portuguese. In Iran, all sorts of pasta are collectively called "makaroni".
# Culinary use outside ... | 48,293 |
20229 | Macaroni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macaroni | Macaroni
during the Victorian era.
In areas with large Chinese populations open to Western cultural influence, such as Hong Kong, Macao, Malaysia and Singapore, the local Chinese have adopted macaroni as an ingredient for Chinese-style Western cuisine. In Hong Kong's "cha chaan teng" ("tea restaurants") and Southeast ... | 48,294 |
20229 | Macaroni | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macaroni | Macaroni
stern cultural influence, such as Hong Kong, Macao, Malaysia and Singapore, the local Chinese have adopted macaroni as an ingredient for Chinese-style Western cuisine. In Hong Kong's "cha chaan teng" ("tea restaurants") and Southeast Asia's "kopi tiam" ("coffee shops"), macaroni are cooked in water and then ri... | 48,295 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
Manatee
Manatees (family Trichechidae, genus Trichechus) are large, fully aquatic, mostly herbivorous marine mammals sometimes known as sea cows. There are three accepted living species of Trichechidae, representing three of the four living species in the order Sirenia: the Amazonian manatee ("Trichechus inung... | 48,296 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
"breast". Manatees are occasionally called sea cows, as they are slow plant-eaters, peaceful and similar to cows on land. They often graze on water plants in tropical seas.
# Taxonomy.
Manatees are three of the four living species in the order Sirenia. The fourth is the Eastern Hemisphere's dugong. The Sireni... | 48,297 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
is similar to West Indian manatee.
# Description.
Manatees weigh , and average in length, sometimes growing to and (the females tend to be larger and heavier). At birth, baby manatees weigh about each. The manatee has a large, flexible, prehensile upper lip, used to gather food and eat and for social interact... | 48,298 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
rear as older teeth fall out from farther forward in the mouth, somewhat as elephants' teeth do. At any time, a manatee typically has no more than six teeth in each jaw of its mouth. Its tail is paddle-shaped, and is the clearest visible difference between manatees and dugongs; a dugong tail is fluked, similar ... | 48,299 |
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