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20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
three-toed sloths.
Like the horse, the manatee has a simple stomach, but a large cecum, in which it can digest tough plant matter. Generally, the intestines are about 45 meters, unusually long for an animal of the manatee's size.
# Behavior.
Apart from mothers with their young, or males following a receptive... | 48,300 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
at about . However, they have been known to swim at up to in short bursts.
## Intelligence and learning.
Manatees are capable of understanding discrimination tasks and show signs of complex associative learning. They also have good long-term memory. They demonstrate discrimination and task-learning abilities ... | 48,301 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
are large internally but the external openings are small, and they are located four inches behind each eye. Adults communicate to maintain contact and during sexual and play behaviors. Taste and smell, in addition to sight, sound, and touch, may also be forms of communication.
## Diet.
Manatees are herbivores... | 48,302 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
(about 50 kg) per day. Consuming such an amount requires the manatee to graze for up to seven hours a day. To be able to cope with the high levels of cellulose in their plant based diet, manatees utilize hindgut fermentation to help with the digestion process. Manatees have been known to eat small numbers of fi... | 48,303 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
to manipulate and tear at plants. Manatees use their lips and front flippers to move the plants into the mouth. The manatee does not have front teeth, however, behind the lips, on the roof of the mouth, there are dense, ridged pads. These horny ridges, and the manatee's lower jaw, tear through ingested plant ma... | 48,304 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
this, manatee teeth are continually replaced. When anterior molars wear down, they are shed. Posterior molars erupt at the back of the row and slowly move forward to replace these like enamel crowns on a conveyor belt, similarly to elephants. This process continues throughout the manatee's lifetime. The rate at... | 48,305 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
Amazonian manatee), and West Africa ("T. senegalensis", West African manatee).
West Indian manatees prefer warmer temperatures and are known to congregate in shallow waters. They frequently migrate through brackish water estuaries to freshwater springs. They cannot survive below 15 °C (60 °F). Their natural so... | 48,306 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
and salt water.
Manatees have been seen as far north as Cape Cod, and in 1995 and again in 2006, one was seen in New York City and Rhode Island's Narragansett Bay. A manatee was spotted in the Wolf River harbor near the Mississippi River in downtown Memphis in 2006, and was later found dead 10 miles downriver ... | 48,307 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
of power plants along the Florida coast, instead of migrating south as they once did. Some conservationists are concerned that these manatees have become too reliant on these artificially warmed areas. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is trying to find a new way to heat the water for manatees that depended on... | 48,308 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
are difficult. They have been called scientifically weak because they vary widely from year to year, some areas showing increases, others decreases, and little strong evidence of increases except in two areas. Manatee counts are highly variable without an accurate way to estimate numbers: In Florida in 1996, a ... | 48,309 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
in Florida.
Population viability studies conducted in 1997 found that decreasing adult survival and eventual extinction were a probable future outcome for Florida manatees unless they got more protection. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed downgrading the manatee's status from endangered to threatened... | 48,310 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
habitats, and in freshwater river systems along the west coast of Africa from the Senegal River south to the Cuanza River in Angola. They live as far upriver on the Niger River as Koulikoro in Mali, 2,000 km from the coast.
## Predation.
Overall, predation does not present a significant threat to the survival... | 48,311 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
collisions with propeller-driven boats and ships, leading frequently to maiming, disfigurement, and even death. As a result, a large proportion of manatees exhibit spiral cutting propeller scars on their backs, usually caused by larger vessels that do not have skegs in front of the propellers like the smaller o... | 48,312 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
on a single manatee. Often, the lacerations lead to infections, which can prove fatal. Internal injuries stemming from being trapped between hulls and docks and impacts have also been fatal. Recent testing shows that manatees may be able to hear speed boats and other watercraft approaching, due to the frequency... | 48,313 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
their lack of awareness around boats. The Lloyd's mirror effect results in low frequency propeller sounds not being discernible near the surface, where most accidents occur. Research indicates that when a boat has a higher frequency the manatees rapidly swim away from danger.
In 2003, a population model was re... | 48,314 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
vessels, which broke the earlier record number of 95 set in 2002.
### Red tide.
Another cause of manatee deaths are red tides, a term used for the proliferation, or "blooms", of the microscopic marine algae, "Karenia brevis". This dinoflagellate produces brevetoxins that can have toxic effects on the central ... | 48,315 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
in water control structures (navigation locks, floodgates, etc.) and are occasionally killed by entanglement in fishing gear, such as crab pot float lines, box traps, and shark nets.
While humans are allowed to swim with manatees in one area of Florida, there have been numerous charges of people harassing and ... | 48,316 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
injure or harm a manatee. They are classified as "endangered" by both the state and the federal governments.
The MV "Freedom Star" and MV "Liberty Star", ships used by NASA to tow space shuttle solid rocket boosters back to Kennedy Space Center, are propelled only by water jets to protect the endangered manate... | 48,317 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
growth and reductions of threats have all increased. The proposal will not affect current federal protections.
As of February 2016, 6,250 manatees were reported swimming in Florida's springs.
## Hunting.
Manatees were traditionally hunted by indigenous Caribbean people. When Christopher Columbus arrived in t... | 48,318 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
Americans made war shields, canoes, and shoes, though manatees were predominantly hunted for their abundant meat.
Later, manatees were hunted for their bones, which were used to make "special potions". Until the 1800s, museums paid as much as $100 for bones or hides. Though hunting was banned in 1893, poaching... | 48,319 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
at the aquarium, and one of only a few captive manatees in the United States that was allowed to interact with human handlers. That made him uniquely suitable for manatee research and education.
Snooty died suddenly two days after his 69th birthday, July 23, 2017, when he was found in an underwater area only u... | 48,320 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
facilities in Florida at Lowry Park Zoo, Miami Seaquarium, and SeaWorld Orlando. After initial treatment at these facilities, the manatees are transferred to rehabilitation facilities before release. These include the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, Epcot's The Seas, South Florid... | 48,321 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
Berlin, the Nuremberg Zoo, in ZooParc de Beauval in France and in the Aquarium of Genoa in Italy. The River Safari at Singapore features seven of them. They are also included in the plans of the Wild Place Project in Bristol, England, whose first exhibit is opened in summer 2013 with the manatees as an addition... | 48,322 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
"I am aware that down to the present time, the fish styled Lamatins and Dugongs (Pig-fish and Sow-fish of the Coffins of Nantucket) are included by many naturalists among the whales. But as these pig-fish are a noisy, contemptible set, mostly lurking in the mouths of rivers, and feeding on wet hay, and especial... | 48,323 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
randomly selected the idea balls to make the jokes for the show. They are also revealed as being "the only animal unmoved by terrorist threats." The manatee is also pivotal in "Lair of the Leviathan", the third episode of the game Tales of Monkey Island, by Telltale Games and Lucasarts.
# See also.
- Dwarf ma... | 48,324 |
20204 | Manatee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manatee | Manatee
ly animal unmoved by terrorist threats." The manatee is also pivotal in "Lair of the Leviathan", the third episode of the game Tales of Monkey Island, by Telltale Games and Lucasarts.
# See also.
- Dwarf manatee
- Manatee of Helena
# External links.
- Save the Manatee
- Murie, James "On the Form and Struc... | 48,325 |
20237 | Mount Saint Vincent University | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount%20Saint%20Vincent%20University | Mount Saint Vincent University
Mount Saint Vincent University
Mount Saint Vincent University, often referred to as The Mount, is a primarily undergraduate public university located in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and was established in 1873. Mount Saint Vincent offers undergraduate programs in Arts, Science, Educatio... | 48,326 |
20237 | Mount Saint Vincent University | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount%20Saint%20Vincent%20University | Mount Saint Vincent University
courses, over 10 full undergraduate degree programs and four graduate degree, programs online.
The university attracts many students in part because of its small class sizes, specialty programs, and location. The Mount has Canada Research Chairs in Gender Identity and Social Practices as... | 48,327 |
20237 | Mount Saint Vincent University | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount%20Saint%20Vincent%20University | Mount Saint Vincent University
of higher education for women in Canada at a time when women could not vote. The original purpose of the academy was to train novices and young sisters as teachers, but the Sisters also recognized a need to educate other young women. Over the ensuing years, the order developed a convent, ... | 48,328 |
20237 | Mount Saint Vincent University | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount%20Saint%20Vincent%20University | Mount Saint Vincent University
through university education and adopted a plan to establish a college for young women. It was two years later in 1914 that the Sisters partnered with Dalhousie University, enabling Mount Saint Vincent to offer the first two years of a bachelor's degree program to be credited toward a Dal... | 48,329 |
20237 | Mount Saint Vincent University | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount%20Saint%20Vincent%20University | Mount Saint Vincent University
the establishment of a Board of Governors and Senate. This was also a period of tremendous growth – with enrollment increases, new construction and new agreements. In 1967 the Mount began admitting men as students. The University continued to evolve with the expansion of programs during t... | 48,330 |
20237 | Mount Saint Vincent University | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount%20Saint%20Vincent%20University | Mount Saint Vincent University
the people of Halifax came together to support students by providing alternative accommodations for their classes. In recognition of the generosity of their community, the Sisters of Charity established a memorial holiday in appreciation of their gesture. Caritas Day, named after the Chri... | 48,331 |
20237 | Mount Saint Vincent University | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount%20Saint%20Vincent%20University | Mount Saint Vincent University
University offers over 40 undergraduate degrees in the Arts, Sciences and Professional Studies. Professional Studies programs include Applied Human Nutrition, Business Administration, Child and Youth Study, Family Studies and Gerontology, Information Technology, Public Relations, Non-prof... | 48,332 |
20237 | Mount Saint Vincent University | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount%20Saint%20Vincent%20University | Mount Saint Vincent University
and Non-profit Leadership.
Following consolidation of post-secondary programs across Nova Scotia in the 1990s, the Mount became home to the only education program in the Halifax area. The faculty of Education is home to the only school psychology graduate program in Atlantic Canada. Grad... | 48,333 |
20237 | Mount Saint Vincent University | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount%20Saint%20Vincent%20University | Mount Saint Vincent University
dietitians.
Mount Saint Vincent University is the only university in Canada to offer a Master of Public Relations program (MPR). The MPR program graduated its first class in October 2009. The Canadian Public Relations Society (CPRS) recognizes MSVU's MPR program for excellence in PR educ... | 48,334 |
20237 | Mount Saint Vincent University | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount%20Saint%20Vincent%20University | Mount Saint Vincent University
accredited co-op program in the Maritime Provinces, offering an optional co-op program in 1979 for students in the Bachelor of Business Administration program. Four decades later, more than 8,000 Business Administration, Public Relations, and Tourism & Hospitality Management students have... | 48,335 |
20237 | Mount Saint Vincent University | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount%20Saint%20Vincent%20University | Mount Saint Vincent University
University is home to the Centre for Women in Business, a not-for-profit university business development centre (UBDC), dedicated to assisting with entrepreneurial activities both within the university and throughout Nova Scotia. Founded in 1992 by the University's Department of Business ... | 48,336 |
20237 | Mount Saint Vincent University | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount%20Saint%20Vincent%20University | Mount Saint Vincent University
publics everywhere. Admission is always free of charge.
MSVU Art Gallery reflects the University's educational aims by devoting a significant part of its activities to the representation of women as cultural subjects and producers. Its exhibitions explore various forms of cultural produc... | 48,337 |
20237 | Mount Saint Vincent University | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount%20Saint%20Vincent%20University | Mount Saint Vincent University
home to the Aboriginal Student Centre (ASC), which is home to ASC staff who provide academic advising, counselling and other support services to students. The ASC hosts a number of events, including the Mount's Mid-Winter Feast, Blanket Exercises, Cultural Workshops, Mini-Mount Camps, and... | 48,338 |
20237 | Mount Saint Vincent University | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount%20Saint%20Vincent%20University | Mount Saint Vincent University
Notable Graduates and Honorary Doctorate Recipients.
Notable graduates of the Mount include:
- Ryan Cochrane
- Barrie Dunn
- Paul D. McNair
During the 1995 G7 summit, Mount Saint Vincent University awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws degree to Hillary Clinton.
# See also.
- List of ... | 48,339 |
20237 | Mount Saint Vincent University | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount%20Saint%20Vincent%20University | Mount Saint Vincent University
norary Doctorate Recipients.
Notable graduates of the Mount include:
- Ryan Cochrane
- Barrie Dunn
- Paul D. McNair
During the 1995 G7 summit, Mount Saint Vincent University awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws degree to Hillary Clinton.
# See also.
- List of current and historical w... | 48,340 |
20221 | Mehmet Ali Ağca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet%20Ali%20Ağca | Mehmet Ali Ağca
Mehmet Ali Ağca
Mehmet Ali Ağca (; born 9 January 1958) is a Turkish assassin and Grey Wolves member who murdered left-wing journalist Abdi İpekçi on 1 February 1979, and later shot and wounded Pope John Paul II on 13 May 1981, after escaping from a Turkish prison. After serving 19 years of imprisonmen... | 48,341 |
20221 | Mehmet Ali Ağca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet%20Ali%20Ağca | Mehmet Ali Ağca
Counter-Guerrilla.
On 27 December 2014, 33 years after his crime, Mehmet Ali Ağca publicly arrived at the Vatican to lay white roses on the recently canonized Saint John Paul II's tomb and said he wanted to meet Pope Francis, a request that was denied.
# Early life.
Ağca was born in the Hekimhan dist... | 48,342 |
20221 | Mehmet Ali Ağca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet%20Ali%20Ağca | Mehmet Ali Ağca
the PFLP has denied this.
# Grey Wolves involvement.
After training he went to work for the ultranationalist Turkish Grey Wolves.
On 1 February 1979, in Istanbul, under orders from the Grey Wolves, he murdered Abdi İpekçi, editor of the major Turkish newspaper "Milliyet". After being denounced by an ... | 48,343 |
20221 | Mehmet Ali Ağca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet%20Ali%20Ağca | Mehmet Ali Ağca
Ağca's escape from an Istanbul military prison, and some have suggested Çatlı was even involved in the Pope's assassination attempt". According to Reuters, Ağca had "escaped with suspected help from sympathizers in the security services". Lucy Komisar added that at the scene of the Mercedes-Benz crash w... | 48,344 |
20221 | Mehmet Ali Ağca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet%20Ali%20Ağca | Mehmet Ali Ağca
Vassilev, the Bulgarian military attaché in Italy. He said that he was assigned this mission by Turkish mafioso Bekir Çelenk in Bulgaria. "Le Monde diplomatique", however, has alleged that the assassination attempt was organized by Abdullah Çatlı "in exchange for the sum of 3 million marks", paid by Bek... | 48,345 |
20221 | Mehmet Ali Ağca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet%20Ali%20Ağca | Mehmet Ali Ağca
was grabbed by spectators and Vatican security chief Camillo Cibin. This prevented him from finishing the assassination or escaping. Four bullets hit John Paul II, two of them lodging in his lower intestine, the others hitting his left hand and right arm. Two bystanders were also hit. Çelik panicked and... | 48,346 |
20221 | Mehmet Ali Ağca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet%20Ali%20Ağca | Mehmet Ali Ağca
at the prison where Ağca was being held. The Pope was also in touch with Ağca's family over the years, meeting his mother in 1987 and his brother a decade later. After serving almost 20 years of a life sentence in prison in Italy, at the request of Pope John Paul II, Ağca was pardoned by the then Italia... | 48,347 |
20221 | Mehmet Ali Ağca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet%20Ali%20Ağca | Mehmet Ali Ağca
2000 by benefiting from the Conditional Amnesty Law. This consideration granted to the ex-convict elicited strong reactions. Both cases about Ağca were merged and tried before the Kadıköy 1st High Criminal Court. The single trial concerned the hijacking of Cengiz Aydos's taxi in 1979, robbing the Yıldır... | 48,348 |
20221 | Mehmet Ali Ağca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet%20Ali%20Ağca | Mehmet Ali Ağca
18 January 2000, the judges dismissed the charges because of the statute of limitation on the case filed for the jewelry store robbery and for "breach of the Firearms Act" (law no. 6136). For embezzlement and money theft Ağca was sentenced to 36 years of imprisonment. Ağca's lawyers applied for their cl... | 48,349 |
20221 | Mehmet Ali Ağca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet%20Ali%20Ağca | Mehmet Ali Ağca
The money-laundering conviction and 36-year sentence were overturned because of the statute of limitations for robbery, which was 7 years under Turkish law.
In early February 2005, during the Pope's illness, Ağca sent a letter to the Pope wishing him well and also warning him that the world would end s... | 48,350 |
20221 | Mehmet Ali Ağca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet%20Ali%20Ağca | Mehmet Ali Ağca
court then deducted his 20 years in the Italian prison based on a new article in the penal code, and so he became eligible for parole for good behavior. However, a report from the French AFP news agency stated that "The Turkish judicial authorities still haven't explained exactly which legal resources h... | 48,351 |
20221 | Mehmet Ali Ağca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet%20Ali%20Ağca | Mehmet Ali Ağca
was again imprisoned.
# Later developments and release.
On 2 May 2008, Ağca asked to be awarded Polish citizenship as he wished to spend the final years of his life in Poland, Pope John Paul II's country of birth. Ağca stated that upon his release he wanted to visit Pope John Paul II's tomb and partne... | 48,352 |
20221 | Mehmet Ali Ağca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet%20Ali%20Ağca | Mehmet Ali Ağca
I proclaim the end of the world in this century. All the world will be destroyed, every human being will die. I am not God, I am not son of God, I am Christ eternal."
The former assassin visited the tomb of John Paul II on 27 December 2014.
Ağca manifested a desire to become a Catholic priest in 2016 ... | 48,353 |
20221 | Mehmet Ali Ağca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet%20Ali%20Ağca | Mehmet Ali Ağca
of John Paul II's support for the Solidarity labor movement in Poland. Ağca stated this during one of his interrogations before trial.
However, when Ağca published his memoirs in 2013, his story changed completely, writing that the Iranian government and Ayatollah Khomeini ordered the assassination att... | 48,354 |
20221 | Mehmet Ali Ağca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet%20Ali%20Ağca | Mehmet Ali Ağca
any Bulgarian or other intelligence officers, he was in transit from Turkey to Western Europe, and was delayed in Sofia because his fake Indian passport was of such poor quality that on several occasions he had to bribe officials who became suspicious. So, he waited to receive a much better quality Turk... | 48,355 |
20221 | Mehmet Ali Ağca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet%20Ali%20Ağca | Mehmet Ali Ağca
earlier the hand of Khomeiny in Iran, and when asked, he told John Paul II “Khomeiny and the Iranian government gave me the order to kill you”.
# Cultural references.
Ağca's shooting of the Pope and possible KGB involvement is featured in Tom Clancy's 2002 novel, "Red Rabbit", and Frederick Forsyth's ... | 48,356 |
20221 | Mehmet Ali Ağca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet%20Ali%20Ağca | Mehmet Ali Ağca
kill you”.
# Cultural references.
Ağca's shooting of the Pope and possible KGB involvement is featured in Tom Clancy's 2002 novel, "Red Rabbit", and Frederick Forsyth's novel, "The Fourth Protocol". He has also been mentioned in the book, "The Third Revelation", by Ralph McInerny,
and was portrayed b... | 48,357 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
Meir Kahane
Meir David HaKohen Kahane (; ; August 1, 1932 – November 5, 1990) was an Israeli-American ordained Orthodox rabbi, writer, and ultra-nationalist politician who served one term in Israel's Knesset. His work influenced most modern Jewish militant and far-right political groups.
Kahane spent year... | 48,358 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
He supported violence against those he regarded as enemies of the Jewish people, called for immediate Jewish mass migration to Israel to avoid a potential "Holocaust" in the United States, supported the restriction of Israel's democracy to its Jewish citizens, hoped that Israel would eventually adopt Jewish... | 48,359 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
in the mid-1980s Kahane proposed numerous laws, none of which passed, to emphasize Judaism in public schools, reduce Israel's bureaucracy, forbid sexual relations between non-Jews and Jews, and end cultural meetings between Jewish and Arab students.
In 1968, Kahane was one of the co-founders of the Jewish ... | 48,360 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
popularity, the Israeli government banned Kach for being "racist" and "anti-democratic" under the terms of a law that it had just passed.
Kahane was assassinated in a Manhattan hotel by an Arab gunman in November 1990.
# Early life.
Martin David Kahane was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1932 to an Orthod... | 48,361 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
youth wing of Revisionist Zionism. He was active in protests against Ernest Bevin, the British Foreign Secretary who maintained restrictions on the immigration of Jews, even Nazi death camp survivors, to Palestine after the end of the Second World War. In 1947, Kahane was arrested for throwing eggs and toma... | 48,362 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
Academy. Kahane received his rabbinical ordination from the Mir Yeshiva, in Brooklyn, where he was especially admired by the head Rabbi Abraham Kalmanowitz, and he began going by his Hebrew name, Meir. He was fully conversant in the Tanakh (Jewish Bible), the Talmud, the Midrash and Jewish law. Subsequently... | 48,363 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
Queens, New York City. Although the synagogue was originally Conservative, rather than strictly Orthodox, the board of directors agreed to Kahane's conditions, which included resigning from the Conservative movement's United Synagogue of America, installing a partition separating men and women during prayer... | 48,364 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
in "The Jewish Press", an American Orthodox Jewish weekly for which he would continue to write for the rest of his life. Kahane also used the pen name David Sinai, and the pseudonyms Michael King, David Borac, and Martin Keene.
## Infiltrating the John Birch Society.
In the late 1950s and the early 1960s,... | 48,365 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
According to these allegations, Kahane allegedly sent a letter to D'Argenio in which he unilaterally ended their relationship. In response, D'Argenio jumped off the Queensboro Bridge and died of her injuries the next day.
## Collaboration with Joseph Churba.
At some time in the late 1950s, Kahane assumed ... | 48,366 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
The introduction states that, "All Americans have a stake in this grim war against Communism... It is vital that Jews realize the threat to their very survival [should Communism succeed]." Churba had a major falling out with Kahane over the use of paramilitary activities, and they parted ways permanently. C... | 48,367 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
conceived the Jewish Star and fist insignia, a symbol resembling that of the Black Panther Party. However, Kahane himself opposed the Black Panthers because they had supported anti-Jewish riots in Massachusetts and had left-wing views.
# Jewish Defense League.
The Jewish Defense League (JDL) was founded b... | 48,368 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
land, history, strength, pain, and peoplehood.
- Iron: The need to both move to help Jews everywhere and to change the Jewish image through sacrifice and all necessary means—even strength, force, and violence.
- Discipline and Unity: The knowledge that he (or she) can and will do whatever must be done, an... | 48,369 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
Kahane termed "a turning point in Black-Jewish relations". The Anti-Defamation League claimed that Kahane "preached a radical form of Jewish nationalism which reflected racism, violence and political extremism" that was replicated by Irv Rubin, the JDL's successor to Kahane.
# Terrorism and convictions.
A... | 48,370 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
disorderly conduct. Later the same year, Kahane was accused of conspiring to kidnap a Soviet diplomat, bomb the Iraqi embassy in Washington, and ship arms abroad from Israel. He was convicted of violating his probation for the 1971 bombing conviction and was sentenced to one year in prison. However, he serv... | 48,371 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
moved to Israel. At the time, he declared that he would focus on Jewish education. He later began gathering lists of Arab citizens of the State of Israel who were willing to emigrate for compensation, and eventually, he initiated protests that advocated the expulsion of Arabs from that country, and Israeli-... | 48,372 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
(0.18%) short of the electoral threshold at the time (1%) for winning a Knesset seat. The party was even less successful in the 1977 elections, winning only 4,836 votes.
In 1980, Kahane was arrested for the 62nd time since his emigration, and he was jailed for six months after a detention order that was ba... | 48,373 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
1984, the Israeli Central Elections Committee banned him from being a candidate on the grounds that Kach was a racist party, but the Supreme Court of Israel overturned the ban on the grounds that the committee was not authorized to ban Kahane's candidacy. The Supreme Court suggested for the Knesset to pass ... | 48,374 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
from Psalms to indicate that national laws were overruled by the Torah if they conflict. Kahane's legislative proposals focused on Jewish education, an open economy, transferring the Arab population out of the Land of Israel, revoking Israeli citizenship from non-Jews, and banning Jewish-Gentile marriages a... | 48,375 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
Kahane's legislative proposals and motions of no-confidence against the government were ignored or rejected by fellow Knesset members. Kahane often pejoratively called other Knesset members "Hellenists, a reference to Jews who assimilated into Greek culture after Judea's occupation by Alexander the Great. I... | 48,376 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
to the Basic Law of Israel, barring "racist" candidates from election. The Central Elections Committee banned Kahane a second time, and he appealed to the Israeli Supreme Court. However, the Supreme Court this time ruled in favor of the committee, disqualifying Kach from running in the 1988 legislative elec... | 48,377 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
tried to get his U.S. citizenship reinstated on the basis of the fact that he was compelled to relinquish it by the Knesset. It was not reinstated, but he was permitted to continue traveling to the U.S. until his asassination there.
# Assassination.
In November 1990, Kahane gave a speech to an audience of... | 48,378 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
Nosair was later convicted of the murder in U.S. District Court for his involvement in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. Prosecutors were able to try Nosair again for the murder because the federal indictment included the killing as part of the alleged terrorist conspiracy. He was sentenced to life impri... | 48,379 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
Har HaMenuchot, in Jerusalem. His funeral was one of the largest in Israel's history, and approximately 150,000 participated. He was eulogized by a number of prominent supporters in both the U.S. and in Israel, including Rabbi Moshe Tendler and the Sephardic Chief Rabbi of Israel, Mordechai Eliyahu, who spo... | 48,380 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
state is religion-oriented by its very name. He also warned of the danger of non-Jewish citizens becoming a majority and voting against the Jewish character of the state: "The question is as follows: if the Arabs settle among us and make enough children to become a majority, will Israel continue to be a Jew... | 48,381 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
of some 750,000 Jews fled Arab lands since 1948. Surely it is time for Jews, worried over the huge growth of Arabs in Israel, to consider finishing the exchange of populations that began 35 years ago." Kahane proposed a $40,000 compensation plan for Arabs who would leave voluntarily, and forcible expulsion ... | 48,382 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
writings, Kahane argued that Israel should never start a war for territory but that if a war were launched against Israel, Biblical territory should be annexed. However, in an interview, he defined Israel's "minimal borders" as follows: "The southern boundary goes up to El Arish, which takes in all of north... | 48,383 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
responded, "There will be a perpetual war. With or without Kahane."
# Support.
- Irving M. Bunim, who was the major lay leader of Orthodox Jewry and the trusted assistant of Rabbi Aharon Kotler, was a strong supporter and admirer of Kahane.
- Shlomo Carlebach was known for declaring that the Jewish peopl... | 48,384 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
we're all about", and he started to have talks with the rabbi. Subsequently, Dylan downplayed the extent of his contact with Kahane.
- The former Sephardic Chief Rabbi of Israel (1983–1993), Mordechai Eliyahu, was Kahane's personal mentor, and one of Kahane's staunchest supporters. Eliyahu wrote an approba... | 48,385 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
the time to compile such. The answer is that... all his time and thoughts were invested in Torah while other matters were secondary. Fortunate is the family that publishes his works for others to learn from." At Kahane's funeral, Eliyahu stated that Kahane was a reincarnation of a fearless biblical characte... | 48,386 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
of Rabbi Meir Kahane and his uncompromising words from the Knesset platform will undoubtedly add strength and value to the obligatory struggle on behalf of the entire Land of Israel." The announcement of Kook's support of Kahane and his letter were made available to the Jewish Telegraphic Agency.
- Yosef M... | 48,387 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
the son of Ovadia Yosef who headed the Hazon Ya'akov Yeshiva and served as rabbi of the Givat Moshe neighborhood in Jerusalem, described Kahane as one who "fulfilled his role faithfully" and declared, "We must learn from [Kahane's] great actions in order that we learn the way of the Torah." While serving in... | 48,388 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
which was attributed mainly to Kahane, was subsequently incorporated into the political platform of various political parties in Israel, such as Moledet (applying to Arab non-citizen residents of the West Bank) and Yisrael Beiteinu (in the form of population exchange). Two small Kahanist factions later emer... | 48,389 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
by Kach supporter Baruch Goldstein, in which 29 Muslim worshipers were killed, the Israeli government declared both parties to be terrorist organizations. The US State Department also added Kach and Kahane Chai to its list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations.
In the 2003 Knesset elections, Herut, which had ... | 48,390 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
years, Michael Ben-Ari, was elected to the Knesset in the 2009 elections on renewed National Union list. He stood again in the 2013 elections as the second candidate on the list of Otzma LeYisrael, but the party failed to pass the minimum threshold.
In 2007, the FBI released over a thousand documents relat... | 48,391 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
of Israel", a theocracy ruled by Halacha. Ettinger's writings condemned Israel's government, mainstream rabbis, and the IDF, and also have denounced Christian churches as "idolatry".
In 2016, Kahane's widow claimed that modern Jewish extremists in Israel are not following the ideology of her late husband, ... | 48,392 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
supported that declaration by arguing that Kahane worked together with African Americans.
# See also.
- Politics of Israel
- Zionist political violence
- Jewish fundamentalism
# Publications.
- (Partially under pseudonym Michael King; with Joseph Churba) "The Jewish Stake in Vietnam", Crossroads, 1967... | 48,393 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
Assimilation, and Alienation", Stein & Day, 1977
- "Listen, Vanessa, I Am a Zionist", Institute of the Authentic Jewish Idea, 1978
- "They Must Go", Grosset & Dunlop, 1981
- "Forty Years", Institute of the Jewish Idea, 2nd edition, 1983
- "Uncomfortable Questions for Comfortable Jews", Lyle Stuart, 1987... | 48,394 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
Kahane (Jerusalem), 1993
- "Perush ha-Makabi: al Sefer Devarim", Institute for Publication of the Writings of Rabbi Meir Kahane (Jerusalem), 1993, 1995
- "Pirush HaMaccabee: al Sefer Shemu'el u-Nevi'im rishonim", Institute for Publication of the Writings of Rabbi Meir Kahane (Jerusalem), 1994
- "Listen W... | 48,395 |
20202 | Meir Kahane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir%20Kahane | Meir Kahane
r Publication of the Writings of Rabbi Meir Kahane (Jerusalem), 1994
- "Listen World, Listen Jew", 3rd edition, Institute for the Publication of the Writings of Rabbi Meir Kahane (Jerusalem), 1995
- "Beyond Words", 1st edition, Institute for the Publication of the Writings of Rabbi Meir Kahane (Jerusalem)... | 48,396 |
20239 | Minimal pair | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minimal%20pair | Minimal pair
Minimal pair
In phonology, minimal pairs are pairs of words or phrases in a particular language, spoken or signed, that differ in only one phonological element, such as a phoneme, toneme or chroneme, and have distinct meanings. They are used to demonstrate that two phones are two separate phonemes in the ... | 48,397 |
20239 | Minimal pair | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minimal%20pair | Minimal pair
process and was found by substitution or commutation tests.
As an example for English vowels, the pair "let" + "lit" can be used to demonstrate that the phones (in let) and (in lit) actually represent distinct phonemes and . An example for English consonants is the minimal pair of "pat" + "bat". The follo... | 48,398 |
20239 | Minimal pair | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minimal%20pair | Minimal pair
the homonym accent but only that it is not contrastive in the same range of contexts.
# Types.
In addition to the minimal pairs of vowels and consonants provided above, others may be found:
## Quantity.
Many languages show contrasts between long and short vowels and consonants. A distinctive difference... | 48,399 |
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