wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
he became known as the "Father of Chinese Rocketry", nicknamed the "King of Rocketry". He is recognized as one of the founding fathers of Two Bombs, One Satellite.
In 1957, Qian was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He served as a Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chin... | 49,900 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
He left Hangzhou at the age of three when his father obtained a post in the Ministry of Education in Beijing. Qian graduated from The High School Affiliated to Beijing Normal University and attended National Chiao Tung University (now Shanghai Jiaotong University) in 1934. There, he received a degree in mec... | 49,901 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
engineering education, especially its focus on experimentation. This was in contrast to the contemporary approach practiced by many Chinese scientists, which emphasized theoretical elements rather than "hands-on" experience. Tsien's experiments included plotting of pitot pressures using mercury-filled manom... | 49,902 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
fascinated with the rocketry ideas of Frank Malina, other students of von Kármán, and their associates, including Jack Parsons. Along with his fellow students, he was involved in rocket-related experiments at the Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory at Caltech. Around the university, the dangerous and explosi... | 49,903 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
Corporal, the WAC Corporal, and other designs.
Von Kármán wrote of Tsien, "At the age of 36, he was an undisputed genius whose work was providing an enormous impetus to advances in high-speed aerodynamics and jet propulsion." During this time, he worked on designing an intercontinental space plane, which w... | 49,904 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
son Qian Yonggang (钱永刚, also known as Yucon Tsien) was born in Boston on October 13, 1948, while their daughter Qian Yongzhen (钱永真) was born in early 1950 when the family was residing in Pasadena, California.
Shortly after his wedding, Tsien returned to America to take up a teaching position at MIT. Jiang ... | 49,905 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
that Tsien had tried to apply for naturalization. Years later, his wife Jiang Ying said in an interview with Phoenix Television that Tsien did not apply for naturalization.
## Detention.
By the early 1940s, US Army Intelligence was already aware of allegations that Tsien was a Communist, but his security ... | 49,906 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
of the Navy Dan A. Kimball, whom Tsien knew on a personal basis. After Tsien told him of the allegations, Kimball responded, "Hell, I don't think you're a Communist", at which point Tsien indicated that he still intended to leave the country, saying "I'm Chinese. I don't want to build weapons to kill my cou... | 49,907 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
for Tsien's arrest on August 25. Tsien claimed that the security-stamped documents were mostly written by himself and had outdated classifications, adding that, "There were some drawings and logarithm tables, etc., which someone might have mistaken for codes." Included in the material was a scrapbook with n... | 49,908 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
and called Professional Unit 122 of the Pasadena Communist Party. Weinbaum's trial commenced on August 30 and both Frank Oppenheimer and Parsons testified against him. Weinbaum was convicted of perjury and sentenced to four years. Tsien was taken into custody on September 6, 1950 for questioning and for two... | 49,909 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
Party document from 1938 with Tsien's name on it, was used to argue that Tsien was a national security threat. Prosecutors also cited a cross-examination session where Tsien said, "I owe allegiance to the people of China" and would "certainly not" let the United States government make his decision for him a... | 49,910 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
the practice of stabilizing servomechanisms. In its 18 chapters it considers non-interacting controls of many-variable systems, control design by perturbation theory, and von Neumann's theory of error control (chapter 18). Ezra Krendel reviewed the book, stating that it is "difficult to overstate the value ... | 49,911 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
and negotiation between the U.S. and China. During this time he lived under constant surveillance with the permission to teach without any classified research duties. Qian received support from his colleagues at Caltech during his incarceration, including president Lee DuBridge, who flew to Washington to ar... | 49,912 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
October 1955 and entered China via Kowloon–Canton Railway later that day.
Under Secretary Kimball, who had tried for several years to keep Qian in the U.S., commented on his treatment: "It was the stupidest thing this country ever did. He was no more a Communist than I was, and we forced him to go."
Immed... | 49,913 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
other studies.
In October 1956, he became the director of the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense, tasked with ballistic missile and nuclear weapons development. He was part of the overall effort that resulted in the successful "596" atomic bomb test on October 16, 1964, and the "Test No. 6" ... | 49,914 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
in the era of Mao Zedong and afterward. Qian eventually rose through Party ranks to become a Central Committee member. He became associated with the "China's Space Program - From Conception to Manned Spaceflight" initiative.
Qian was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957, a l... | 49,915 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
for a number of years.
Outside of rocketry, Qian had a presence in numerous areas of study. He was among the creators of systematics, and made contributions to science and technology systems, somatic science, engineering science, military science, social science, the natural sciences, geography, philosophy... | 49,916 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
body functions". He particularly encouraged scientists to accumulate observational data on qigong so that future scientific theories could be established.
# Later life.
Qian retired in 1991 and lived quietly in Beijing, refusing to speak to Westerners.
In 1979 Qian was awarded Caltech's "Distinguished Al... | 49,917 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
the normalization of the Sino-US relationship, but he refused the invitation, having wanted a formal apology for his detention. In a reminiscence published in 2002, Marble stated that he believed Qian had "lost faith in the American government" but that he had "always had very warm feelings for the American... | 49,918 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
2008, he was named Aviation Week and Space Technology Person of the Year. The recognition was not intended as an honor, but is given to the person judged to have the greatest impact on aviation in the past year. Furthermore, that year China Central Television named Qian as one of the eleven most inspiring p... | 49,919 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
and on March 2, 2012 in China.
# In popular culture.
Science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke, in his novel "," named a Chinese spaceship after him. The science fiction novel series "The Expanse" by James S. A. Corey also named a Martian spaceship after him (MCRN Xuesen). In the 1981 novel " Noble House" b... | 49,920 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
under axial compression, "Journal of Aeronautical Sciences" 7(2):43 to 50.
- 1943: "Symmetrical Joukowsky Airfoils in shear flow", "Quarterly of Applied Mathematics", 1: 130–48.
- 1943: On the Design of the Contraction Cone for a Wind Tunnel, "Journal of Aeronautical Sciences", 10(2): 68-70.
- 1945: (wit... | 49,921 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
and Engineering of Nuclear Power", Addison-Wesley, Vol. 11.
- 1953: "Take-Off from Satellite Orbit", "Journal of the American Rocket Society" 23(4)
- 1956: "The Poincaré-Lighthill-Kuo Method", "Advances in Applied Mechanics" 4: 281–349, .
- 1958: "The equations of gas dynamics", in "Fundamentals of Gas D... | 49,922 |
343445 | Qian Xuesen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qian%20Xuesen | Qian Xuesen
- Theodore von Kármán
- Ye Qisun
- Guo Yonghuai
- Hsue-Chu Tsien
- McCarthyism
- People's Liberation Army Rocket Force
- Dongfeng (missile)
- Chinese space program
- Long March (rocket family)
- Chinese nuclear program
- Project 596
- Test No. 6
- China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporati... | 49,923 |
343532 | Emperor Chong of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Chong%20of%20Han | Emperor Chong of Han
Emperor Chong of Han
Emperor Chong of Han (; 143 – 15 February 145) was an emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty and the eighth emperor of the Eastern Han period.
Emperor Chong was the only son of Emperor Shun. He ascended the throne at the age of one and reigned less than six months. During his rei... | 49,924 |
343532 | Emperor Chong of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Chong%20of%20Han | Emperor Chong of Han
concubine Consort Yu in 143. (Virtually nothing is known about his mother, other than that she entered the palace when she was 12 (but it is not known what year that was), and that she was also the mother of Prince Bing's sister Princess Sheng.) He was Emperor Shun's only son.
In 144, Emperor Shun... | 49,925 |
343532 | Emperor Chong of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Chong%20of%20Han | Emperor Chong of Han
her corrupt and violent brother Liang Ji (梁冀), who was the most powerful official in the administration. (While Emperor Shun was still alive, Liang Ji was already the most powerful official, but the near-absolute power that he wielded became even more evident after Emperor Shun's death.) When the y... | 49,926 |
343532 | Emperor Chong of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Chong%20of%20Han | Emperor Chong of Han
more serious—and even the tomb of Emperor Shun was dug up by bandits.
Early in 145, Emperor Chong died. Empress Dowager Liang was initially going to keep Emperor Chong's death a secret until she would decide on who the successor would be, but she listened to the key official Li Gu (李固) and decided... | 49,927 |
343532 | Emperor Chong of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Chong%20of%20Han | Emperor Chong of Han
favored him. However, Liang Ji wanted a younger emperor so that he could remain in absolute control longer, and he persuaded Empress Dowager Liang to make the seven-year-old Prince Zuan as emperor (as Emperor Zhi).
Emperor Chong, having died in young childhood, was buried in his father's tomb comp... | 49,928 |
343532 | Emperor Chong of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Chong%20of%20Han | Emperor Chong of Han
remain in absolute control longer, and he persuaded Empress Dowager Liang to make the seven-year-old Prince Zuan as emperor (as Emperor Zhi).
Emperor Chong, having died in young childhood, was buried in his father's tomb complex in order to save costs.
Long after Emperor Chong's death, in 175, Em... | 49,929 |
343528 | Kola Superdeep Borehole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kola%20Superdeep%20Borehole | Kola Superdeep Borehole
Kola Superdeep Borehole
The Kola Superdeep Borehole () is the result of a scientific drilling project of the Soviet Union in the Pechengsky District, on the Kola Peninsula. The project attempted to drill as deep as possible into the Earth's crust. Drilling began on 24 May 1970 using the "Uralma... | 49,930 |
343528 | Kola Superdeep Borehole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kola%20Superdeep%20Borehole | Kola Superdeep Borehole
decades it was also the world's longest borehole in terms of measured depth along the well bore, until it was surpassed in 2008 by the Al Shaheen oil well in Qatar, and in 2011 by the Sakhalin-I Odoptu OP-11 Well (offshore from the Russian island of Sakhalin).
# Drilling.
The main target depth... | 49,931 |
343528 | Kola Superdeep Borehole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kola%20Superdeep%20Borehole | Kola Superdeep Borehole
off and was left in the hole. Drilling was later restarted from .
The hole reached in 1989. In that year, the hole depth was expected to reach by the end of 1990 and by 1993. Because of higher-than-expected temperatures at this depth and location, instead of the expected , drilling deeper was d... | 49,932 |
343528 | Kola Superdeep Borehole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kola%20Superdeep%20Borehole | Kola Superdeep Borehole
regime in the Earth's crust, the physical and chemical composition of the deep crust and the transition from upper to lower crust, lithospheric geophysics, and to create and develop technologies for deep geophysical study.
To scientists, one of the more fascinating findings to emerge from this ... | 49,933 |
343528 | Kola Superdeep Borehole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kola%20Superdeep%20Borehole | Kola Superdeep Borehole
have come from deep-crust minerals and had been unable to reach the surface because of a layer of impermeable rock.
Microscopic plankton fossils were found 6 kilometers (4 mi) below the surface.
Another unexpected discovery was a large quantity of hydrogen gas. The mud that flowed out of the h... | 49,934 |
343528 | Kola Superdeep Borehole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kola%20Superdeep%20Borehole | Kola Superdeep Borehole
the Pacific Ocean off Mexico. After some initial drilling, the project was abandoned in 1966 because of a lack of funding. This program inspired the great successes of the Ocean Drilling Program, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program and the present International Ocean Discovery Program.
- The KTB ... | 49,935 |
343528 | Kola Superdeep Borehole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kola%20Superdeep%20Borehole | Kola Superdeep Borehole
May 2008, a new record for borehole length was established by the extended-reach drilling (ERD) well BD-04A, which was drilled by Transocean for Maersk Oil in the Al Shaheen Oil Field in Qatar. Transocean drilled a total length of , with a record horizontal reach of in only 36 days.
On 28 Janua... | 49,936 |
343528 | Kola Superdeep Borehole | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kola%20Superdeep%20Borehole | Kola Superdeep Borehole
well in 60 days.
On 27 August 2012, Exxon Neftegas Ltd beat its own record by completing the Z-44 Chayvo well. This ERD well reached a measured total length of .
In terms of depth below the surface, the Kola Superdeep Borehole SG-3 retains the world record at in 1989 and is still the deepest a... | 49,937 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
Paul Weller
John William "Paul" Weller Jr (born 25 May 1958) is an English singer-songwriter and musician. Weller achieved fame with the punk rock/new wave/mod revival band The Jam. He had further success with the blue-eyed soul music of The Style Council (1983–1989), before establishing himself as a solo ... | 49,938 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
it's hard to think of any British solo artist who's had as varied, long-lasting and determinedly forward-looking a career." The BBC described Weller in 2007 as "one of the most revered music writers and performers of the past 30 years". In 2012, he was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir... | 49,939 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
in Woking, Surrey, England, to John and Ann Weller (née Craddock). Although born John William Weller, he became known as Paul by his parents.
His father worked as a taxi driver and a builder and his mother was a part-time cleaner. Weller started his education at Maybury County First School in 1963. His lov... | 49,940 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
with his best friends Steve Brookes (lead guitar) and Dave Waller (rhythm guitar). Weller's father, acting as their manager, began booking the band into local working men's clubs. Joined by Rick Buckler on drums, and with Bruce Foxton soon replacing Waller on rhythm guitar, the four-piece band began to forg... | 49,941 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
the mold of the new wave bands who came later; and, being from just outside London rather than the city itself, they were never really part of the tightly-knit punk clique. Nonetheless, The Clash emerged as one of the leading early advocates of the band, and were sufficiently impressed to take them along as... | 49,942 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
barbed lyrics with pop melodies eventually led to their first number one single, "Going Underground", in March 1980.
"I like them a lot," remarked Peter Gabriel, who enlisted Weller to play on his third album. "They're one of the new groups who have written the best songs. They're really very good."
They ... | 49,943 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
UK singles chart despite not even being released as singles in the UK – they got there purely on the strength of the huge number of people buying import sales of the German and Dutch single releases. The Jam still hold the record for the best-selling import-only singles in the UK charts.
As the band's popu... | 49,944 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
but Weller was determined to end the band and move on. Their final single, "Beat Surrender", became their fourth UK chart topper, going straight to No. 1 in its first week. Their farewell concerts at Wembley Arena were multiple sell-outs; their final concert took place at the Brighton Centre on 11 December ... | 49,945 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
the collective of The Style Council Weller was able to experiment with a wide range of music, from pop and jazz to Soul/R&B, house and folk-styled ballads. The band was at the vanguard of a jazz/pop revival that would continue with the emergence of bands like Matt Bianco, Sade, and Everything but the Girl, ... | 49,946 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
than The Jam, reaching the top of the charts in 1984 with "Shout to the Top".
Weller appeared on 1984's Band Aid record "Do They Know It's Christmas?" and was called upon to mime the absent Bono's lyrics on "Top of the Pops". The Style Council were the second act to appear in the British half of Live Aid a... | 49,947 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
up BBC Radio 1 airplay and was performed on "Top of the Pops", which led to the incongruous sight of lyrics such as "We can't afford to let the government win / It means death to the trade unions" being mimed amid the show's flashing lights and party atmosphere.
As the 1980s wore on, The Style Council's po... | 49,948 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
run, it was not until the 1998 retrospective CD box set "The Complete Adventures of The Style Council" that the album would be widely available.
# Solo career.
## Early solo career (1990–1995).
In 1989, Weller found himself without a band and without a recording deal for the first time since he was 17. A... | 49,949 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
his 1992 LP, "Paul Weller", he had begun to re-establish himself as a leading British singer-songwriter. This self-titled album saw a return to a more jazz-guitar-focused sound, featuring samples and a funk influence with shades of the Style Council sound. The album also featured a new producer, Brendan Lyn... | 49,950 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
Mercury Music Prize-nominated "Wild Wood", which included "Sunflower".
His 1995 album "Stanley Road" took him back to the top of the British charts for the first time in a decade, and went on to become the best-selling album of his career. The album, named after the street in Woking where he had grown up, ... | 49,951 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
to such bands as Oasis, Pulp and Blur. Noel Gallagher (of Oasis) is credited as guest guitarist on the "Stanley Road" album track "I Walk on Gilded Splinters". Weller also returned the favour, appearing as a guest guitarist and backing vocalist on Oasis' hit song "Champagne Supernova".
## The Modfather (19... | 49,952 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
Of" albums by The Jam and The Style Council charted, and in 1998 his own solo collection "Modern Classics" was a substantial success.
In 2000, while living in Send, Surrey, he released his fifth solo studio album, "Heliocentric". Once again finding himself without a record contract, Weller's "Days of Speed... | 49,953 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
that "Heliocentric" would be Weller's final studio effort, but these proved unfounded when he released the No. 1 hit album "Illumination" in September 2002. Co-produced by Noonday Underground's Simon Dine, it was preceded by yet another top 10 hit single "It's Written in the Stars". Weller also appears on t... | 49,954 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
Rising" album.
In 2004, Weller released an album of covers entitled "Studio 150". It debuted at No. 2 in the UK charts and included Bob Dylan's "All Along the Watchtower" as well as covers of songs by Gil Scott-Heron, Rose Royce and Gordon Lightfoot, amongst others.
Weller's 2005 album "As Is Now" feature... | 49,955 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
a tendency to shun such occasions, Weller accepted the award in person, and performed four songs at the ceremony, including The Jam's classic "Town Called Malice". In June 2006, another double live album titled "Catch-Flame!", featuring songs from both his solo work and his career with The Jam and The Style... | 49,956 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
was offered appointment as a Commander of the Order of British Empire in the 2006 birthday honours, but rejected the offer.
In 2007 Weller was guest vocalist on the album issue by the folk musical project The Imagined Village.
## Critical success (2008–present).
The double album "22 Dreams" was released ... | 49,957 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
including jazz, folk and tango as well as the pop-soul more associated with his Style Council days. Weller also featured on two songs from The Moons' album "Life on Earth", playing piano on "Wondering" and lead guitar on "Last Night on Earth".
Weller was the surprise recipient of the 2009 BRIT award for "B... | 49,958 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
2009 album, "Room 7½", co-writing "Love's Got Me Crazy". November and December also saw him on tour, playing shows across the country.
On 24 February 2010, Weller received the Godlike Genius Award at the NME Awards. His 2010 album, "Wake Up the Nation", was released in April to critical acclaim, and was su... | 49,959 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
he would release the "Dragonfly" EP on 17 December 2012, a limited edition vinyl run of 3000 copies. On 22 November 2011, Weller announced his eleventh studio album "Sonik Kicks", which was released on 19 March 2012.
Weller provided vocals on The Moons' 2012 single "Something Soon". In December 2012, Welle... | 49,960 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
Olly Murs's fourth album "Never Been Better".
In May 2015, Weller revealed dates for a West Coast Tour of the USA to promote the "Saturn's Pattern" album. The tour was scheduled to run from 9 June to 9 October.
In January 2017 he made a cameo appearance in "The Final Problem", the final episode of series ... | 49,961 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
backing singer, began a romantic relationship. The couple married in 1987 and divorced in 1998. They have two children, Leah and Nathaniel (Natt), who is also a working musician and once appeared on stage with his father at Hammersmith Apollo at age 12.
Weller has another daughter, Dylan, by a short-lived ... | 49,962 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
Capri. The couple have twin boys, John Paul and Bowie, who were born on 14 January 2012. The couple also have a daughter, Nova, who was born on 8 July 2017.
In 2014, Weller won £10,000 in damages from Associated Newspapers after "plainly voyeuristic" photographs of his family out shopping were published on... | 49,963 |
343475 | Paul Weller | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Weller | Paul Weller
ly 2017.
In 2014, Weller won £10,000 in damages from Associated Newspapers after "plainly voyeuristic" photographs of his family out shopping were published on "MailOnline".
On 24 April 2009, John Weller, Paul Weller's father and long-time manager since the days of The Jam, died from pneumonia at the age ... | 49,964 |
343533 | Harkness Tower | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harkness%20Tower | Harkness Tower
Harkness Tower
Harkness Tower is a masonry tower at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Part of the Collegiate Gothic Memorial Quadrangle complex completed in 1922, it is named for Charles William Harkness, brother of Yale's largest benefactor, Edward Harkness.
# History.
The tower was construc... | 49,965 |
343533 | Harkness Tower | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harkness%20Tower | Harkness Tower
James S. Hedden was the contractor's supervisor for the project and took many photographs of the construction's progress.
The tower underwent renovations from September 2009 to May 2010 to repair its masonry and ornament.
# Influence.
Harkness Tower was the first "couronne" ("crown") tower in English ... | 49,966 |
343533 | Harkness Tower | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harkness%20Tower | Harkness Tower
Wales, where Elihu Yale is buried. In turn, Harkness Tower has been identified as the direct influence for the tower of the Cathedral of Christ the King in Hamilton, Ontario.
The tower's image was adopted by the "Yale Herald", a weekly student newspaper, for its masthead.
# Design.
Harkness Tower is 2... | 49,967 |
343533 | Harkness Tower | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harkness%20Tower | Harkness Tower
a frame made of steel I-beams. The playing console of the carillon is at the level of the balconies immediately below the clock faces. Lower levels of the tower house a water tank (no longer used), two practice carillons, the old chimes playing console, office space for the Yale University Guild of Caril... | 49,968 |
343533 | Harkness Tower | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harkness%20Tower | Harkness Tower
the walls to make it look older. In reality, the Washington Monument was the country's tallest such structure long before Harkness Tower was built.
## Ornamentation.
The towers's decorative elements were sculpted by Lee Lawrie. The lowest level of sculpture depicts Yale's "Eight Worthies": Elihu Yale, ... | 49,969 |
343533 | Harkness Tower | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harkness%20Tower | Harkness Tower
and Death and Freedom. The gargoyles on the top level depict Yale's students at war and in study (a pen-wielding writer, a proficient athlete, a tea-drinking socialite, and a diligent scholar), along with masks of Homer, Virgil, Dante, and Shakespeare.
# Reception.
The witticism, attributed to various ... | 49,970 |
343533 | Harkness Tower | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harkness%20Tower | Harkness Tower
a concert B. Ten bells were installed in 1922 and 44 added in 1966. The instrument is played by members of a student-run group set up for the purpose, the Yale Guild of Carillonneurs, and selected guest carillonneurs. During the school year, the instrument is played twice per day: a half-hour session at ... | 49,971 |
343533 | Harkness Tower | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harkness%20Tower | Harkness Tower
group set up for the purpose, the Yale Guild of Carillonneurs, and selected guest carillonneurs. During the school year, the instrument is played twice per day: a half-hour session at 12:30 p.m. and a one-hour session at 5:30 p.m. (Some residents of Branford College and Saybrook College, of which the tow... | 49,972 |
343540 | Emperor Zhi of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Zhi%20of%20Han | Emperor Zhi of Han
Emperor Zhi of Han
Emperor Zhi of Han (; 138 – 26 July 146) was an emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty. He was a great-great-grandson of Emperor Zhang. His reign was dominated by Liang Ji, the brother of Empress Dowager Liang, who eventually poisoned the young emperor.
Emperor Zhi ascended the thron... | 49,973 |
343540 | Emperor Zhi of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Zhi%20of%20Han | Emperor Zhi of Han
eight when he died.
# Family background and accession to the throne.
Liu Zuan, the future Emperor Zhi was born to Liu Hong (劉鴻), the Prince of Le'an, and his wife Consort Chen, in 138. (Eventually, after his son became emperor, Prince Hong would be moved from his very humid and small principality o... | 49,974 |
343540 | Emperor Zhi of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Zhi%20of%20Han | Emperor Zhi of Han
Suan (劉蒜), the Prince of Qinghe, and Liu Zuan, then seven-years-old, to the capital, to examine them as potential heir to the throne. (Prince Suan and Zuan were first cousins of each other, through their grandfather Liu Chong (劉寵), Prince Yi of Le'an.) Liu Suan was apparently an adult (although histo... | 49,975 |
343540 | Emperor Zhi of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Zhi%20of%20Han | Emperor Zhi of Han
emperor directly, he was first created the Marquess of Jianping, and then the same day he ascended the throne as Emperor Zhi.
# Brief reign.
Empress Dowager Liang served as Emperor Zhi's regent, and while she overly trusted her brother Liang Ji, who was violent and corrupt, she herself was diligent... | 49,976 |
343540 | Emperor Zhi of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Zhi%20of%20Han | Emperor Zhi of Han
to study at the national university.
Emperor Zhi, as young as he was, was keenly aware of how much Liang Ji was abusing power (but befitting of a young child, not aware of how Liang Ji also had the power to do him harm), and on one occasion, at an imperial gathering, he blinked at Liang Ji and refer... | 49,977 |
343540 | Emperor Zhi of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Zhi%20of%20Han | Emperor Zhi of Han
water, and (regardless of whether water would have helped), the young emperor immediately died. Li advocated a full investigation, but Liang was able to have the investigation efforts suppressed.
After Emperor Zhi's death, Liang Ji, under pressure by the key officials, was forced to summon a meeting... | 49,978 |
343540 | Emperor Zhi of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Zhi%20of%20Han | Emperor Zhi of Han
to control. Rather, he persuaded Empress Dowager Liang to make the 14-year-old Liu Zhi (劉志), the Marquess of Liwu, a great-grandson of Emperor Zhang, to whom Liang Ji's younger sister Liang Nüying (梁女瑩) was betrothed, emperor (as Emperor Huan).
Long after Emperor Zhi's death, in 175, Emperor Ling be... | 49,979 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
Electrolytic capacitor
An electrolytic capacitor (occasionally abbreviated e-cap) is a polarized capacitor whose anode or positive plate is made of a metal that forms an insulating oxide layer through anodization. This oxide layer acts as the dielectric of the capacitor. A solid, liquid, or gel ... | 49,980 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
capacitor: aluminum electrolytic capacitors, tantalum electrolytic capacitors, and niobium electrolytic capacitors.
The large capacitance of electrolytic capacitors makes them particularly suitable for passing or bypassing low-frequency signals, and for storing large amounts of energy. They are ... | 49,981 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
this reason the anode terminal is marked with a plus sign and the cathode with a minus sign. Applying a reverse polarity voltage, or a voltage exceeding the maximum rated working voltage of as little as 1 or 1.5 volts, can destroy the dielectric and thus the capacitor. The failure of electrolytic... | 49,982 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
and niobium capacitors. Each of these three capacitor families uses non-solid and solid manganese dioxide or solid polymer electrolytes, so a great spread of different combinations of anode material and solid or non-solid electrolytes is available.
## Charge principle.
Like other conventional c... | 49,983 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
generally is the ionic conductive connection between two electrodes and the storage occurs with statically double-layer capacitance and electrochemical pseudocapacitance.
## Basic materials and construction.
Electrolytic capacitors use a chemical feature of some special metals, previously calle... | 49,984 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
use a sintered pellet (“slug”) of high-purity tantalum powder with tantalum pentoxide as dielectric
- 3. Niobium electrolytic capacitors use a sintered "slug" of high-purity niobium or niobium oxide powder with niobium pentoxide as dielectric.
To increase their capacitance per unit volume, all ... | 49,985 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
in an electrolytic capacitor. The properties of this oxide layers are given in the following table:
After forming a dielectric oxide on the rough anode structure, a counter electrode has to match the rough insulating oxide surface. This is accomplished by the electrolyte, which acts as the catho... | 49,986 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
special chemical processes like pyrolysis for manganese dioxide or polymerization for conducting polymers.
Comparing the permittivities of the different oxide materials it is seen that tantalum pentoxide has a permittivity approximately three times higher than aluminum oxide. Tantalum electrolyt... | 49,987 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
of a "plate capacitor" whose capacitance increases with larger electrode area A, higher dielectric permittivity ε, and thinner dielectric (d).
The dielectric thickness of electrolytic capacitors is very small, in the range of nanometers per volt. On the other hand, the voltage strengths of these... | 49,988 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
of the same area or the same volume. That increases the capacitance value, depending on the rated voltage, by a factor of up to 200 for non-solid aluminium electrolytic capacitors as well as for solid tantalum electrolytic capacitors. The large surface compared to a smooth one is the second reaso... | 49,989 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
of electrolytic capacitors.
## Comparison of electrolytic capacitor types.
Combinations of anode materials for electrolytic capacitors and the electrolytes used have given rise to wide varieties of capacitor types with different properties. An outline of the main characteristics of the differen... | 49,990 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
electrolytic capacitors can be found in nearly all areas of electronic devices, with the exception of military applications.
Tantalum electrolytic capacitors with solid electrolyte as surface-mountable chip capacitors are mainly used in electronic devices in which little space is available or a ... | 49,991 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
electrical properties of aluminum, tantalum and niobium electrolytic capacitors have been greatly improved by the polymer electrolyte.
## Comparison of electrical parameters.
In order to compare the different characteristics of the different electrolytic capacitor types, capacitors with the sam... | 49,992 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
parameters come with higher prices.
) Manufacturer, series name, capacitance/voltage
) calculated for a capacitor 100 µF/10 V,
) from a 1976 data sheet
## Styles of aluminum and tantalum electrolytic capacitors.
Aluminum electrolytic capacitors form the bulk of the electrolytic capacitors us... | 49,993 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
electrolytic chip capacitors are a new development in the market and are intended as a replacement for tantalum electrolytic chip capacitors.
# History.
## Origin.
The phenomenon that in an electrochemical process, aluminum and such metals as tantalum, niobium, manganese, titanium, zinc, cadmi... | 49,994 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
a producer of accumulators, found out that the oxide layer on an aluminum anode remained stable in a neutral or alkaline electrolyte, even when the power was switched off. In 1896 he filed a patent for an "Electric liquid capacitor with aluminum electrodes" (de: "Elektrischer Flüssigkeitskondensa... | 49,995 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
Applying a DC voltage from outside, an oxide layer was formed on the surface of the anode. The advantage of these capacitors was that they were significantly smaller and cheaper than all other capacitors at this time relative to the realized capacitance value. This construction with different sty... | 49,996 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
domestic radio receivers in the late 1920s created a demand for large-capacitance (for the time) and high-voltage capacitors for the valve amplifier technique, typically at least 4 microfarads and rated at around 500 volts DC. Waxed paper and oiled silk film capacitors were available, but devices... | 49,997 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
a separated second foil to contact the electrolyte adjacent to the anode foil instead of using the electrolyte-filled container as the capacitor's cathode. The stacked second foil got its own terminal additional to the anode terminal and the container no longer had an electrical function. This ty... | 49,998 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
began.
William Dubilier, whose first patent for electrolytic capacitors was filed in 1928, industrialized the new ideas for electrolytic capacitors and started the first large commercial production in 1931 in the Cornell-Dubilier (CD) factory in Plainfield, New Jersey. At the same time in Berlin... | 49,999 |
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