wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
foils can achieve an up to 200-fold increase in surface area compared to a smooth surface. Advances in the etching process are the reason for the dimension reductions in aluminum electrolytic capacitors over recent decades.
For aluminum electrolytic capacitors the decades from 1970 to 1990 were ... | 50,000 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
of a wound cell was adopted and a tantalum anode foil was used together with a tantalum cathode foil, separated with a paper spacer impregnated with a liquid electrolyte, mostly sulfuric acid, and encapsulated in a silver case.
The relevant development of solid electrolyte tantalum capacitors be... | 50,001 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
ground tantalum to a powder, which they pressed into a cylindrical form and then sintered at high a temperature between 1500 and 2000 °C under vacuum conditions to produce a pellet ("slug").
These first sintered tantalum capacitors used a non-solid electrolyte, which does not fit the concept of ... | 50,002 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
Preston Robinson, Sprague's Director of Research, is considered to be the actual inventor of tantalum capacitors in 1954. His invention was supported by R. J. Millard, who introduced the "reform" step in 1955, a significant improvement in which the dielectric of the capacitor was repaired after e... | 50,003 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
aluminum electrolytic capacitors.
## Solid electrolytes.
The first solid electrolyte of manganese dioxide developed 1952 for tantalum capacitors had a conductivity 10 times better than all other types of non-solid electrolytes. It also influenced the development of aluminum electrolytic capacit... | 50,004 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
resistance (ESR) for bypass and decoupling capacitors. The manganese dioxide type of electrolyte should be better.
It was not until 1983 when a new step toward ESR reduction was taken by Sanyo with its "OS-CON" aluminum electrolytic capacitors. These capacitors used a solid organic conductor, th... | 50,005 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
that of TCNQ by a factor of 100 to 500, and close to the conductivity of metals.
In 1991 Panasonic came on the market with its "SP-Cap", called polymer aluminum electrolytic capacitors. These aluminum electrolytic capacitors with polymer electrolytes reached very low ESR values directly comparab... | 50,006 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
followed with the "POSCAP" polymer tantalum chips.
A new conductive polymer for tantalum polymer capacitors was presented by Kemet at the "1999 Carts" conference. This capacitor used the newly developed organic conductive polymer PEDT Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), also known as PEDOT (trade ... | 50,007 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
and is less expensive. It was a question of the availability of the base metal in the late 1960s which led to development and implementation of niobium electrolytic capacitors in the former Soviet Union instead of tantalum capacitors as in the West. The materials and processes used to produce nio... | 50,008 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
were developed. Water is inexpensive, an effective solvent for electrolytes, and significantly improves the conductivity of the electrolyte. The Japanese manufacturer Rubycon was a leader in the development of new water-based electrolyte systems with enhanced conductivity in the late 1990s. The n... | 50,009 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
leaking or occasionally bursting in computers, power supplies, and other electronic equipment, which became known as the "capacitor plague". In these e-caps the water reacts quite aggressively with aluminum, accompanied by strong heat and gas development in the capacitor, resulting in premature e... | 50,010 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
all ohmic losses, capacitive and inductive parameters of an electrolytic capacitor:
- "C", the capacitance of the capacitor
- "R", the equivalent series resistance which summarizes all ohmic losses of the capacitor, usually abbreviated as "ESR"
- "L", the equivalent series inductance which is ... | 50,011 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
measuring frequency and temperature. Electrolytic capacitors with non-solid electrolytes show a broader aberration over frequency and temperature ranges than do capacitors with solid electrolytes.
The basic unit of an electrolytic capacitor's capacitance is the microfarad (μF). The capacitance v... | 50,012 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
≤2.5 V, or 2.1 to 2.5 V for types with a rated voltage of 2.5 V, may be applied during the measurement to avoid reverse voltage.
The capacitance value measured at the frequency of 1 kHz is about 10% less than the 100/120 Hz value. Therefore, the capacitance values of electrolytic capacitors are ... | 50,013 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
10% higher than the 100/120 Hz AC capacitance. The DC capacitance is of interest for discharge applications like photoflash.
The percentage of allowed deviation of the measured capacitance from the rated value is called the capacitance tolerance. Electrolytic capacitors are available in differen... | 50,014 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
tolerance is determined by the particular application. Electrolytic capacitors, which are often used for filtering and bypassing, do not have the need for narrow tolerances because they are mostly not used for accurate frequency applications like in oscillators.
## Rated and category voltage.
R... | 50,015 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
applications it is important to use a higher temperature range. Lowering the voltage applied at a higher temperature maintains safety margins. For some capacitor types therefore the IEC standard specifies a "temperature derated voltage" for a higher temperature, the "category voltage U". The cate... | 50,016 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
capacitors. For aluminum electrolytic capacitors a lower applied voltage can in some cases extend the lifetime. For tantalum electrolytic capacitors lowering the voltage applied increases the reliability and reduces the expected failure rate.
I
## Surge Voltage.
The surge voltage indicates the... | 50,017 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
rated voltage.
For tantalum electrolytic capacitors the surge voltage can be 1.3 times the rated voltage, rounded off to the nearest volt. The surge voltage applied to tantalum capacitors may influence the capacitor's failure rate.
## Transient voltage.
Aluminum electrolytic capacitors with no... | 50,018 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
is not possible. In every case transients arise, the application has to be approved very carefully.
Electrolytic capacitors with solid manganese oxide or polymer electrolyte, and aluminum as well as tantalum electrolytic capacitors can not withstand transients or peak voltages higher than surge ... | 50,019 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
a limited number of cycles. In detail, aluminum electrolytic capacitors with non-solid electrolyte can withstand a reverse voltage of about 1 V to 1.5 V. This reverse voltage should never be used to determine the maximum reverse voltage under which a capacitor can be used permanently.
Solid tant... | 50,020 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
under which a capacitor can be used permanently.
But in no case, for aluminum as well as for tantalum and niobium electrolytic capacitors, may a reverse voltage be used for a permanent AC application.
To minimize the likelihood of a polarized electrolytic being incorrectly inserted into a circu... | 50,021 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
AC cycles, one of the oxides on the foil acts as a blocking dielectric, preventing reverse current from damaging the electrolyte of the other one. But these bipolar electrolytic capacitors are not adaptable for main AC applications instead of power capacitors with metallized polymer film or paper... | 50,022 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
Then the dielectric is used only for blocking DC. For such applications the AC resistance, the impedance, is as important as the capacitance value.
The impedance "Z" is the vector sum of reactance and resistance; it describes the phase difference and the ratio of amplitudes between sinusoidally ... | 50,023 |
343492 | Electrolytic capacitor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrolytic%20capacitor | Electrolytic capacitor
s only the impedance magnitude "|Z|" is specified, and simply written as ""Z"." Regarding the IEC/EN 60384-1 standard, the impedance values of electrolytic capacitors are measured and specified at 10 kHz or 100 kHz depending on the capacitance and voltage of the capacitor.
Besides measuring, the... | 50,024 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
Manchester
Manchester () is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 545,500 as of 2017 (5th most populous English district). It lies within the United Kingdom's second-most populous urban area, with a population of 2.7 million, and third-most populous metropolita... | 50,025 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
was established in about AD 79 on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. It is historically a part of Lancashire, although areas of Cheshire south of the River Mersey were incorporated in the 20th century. The first to be included, Wythenshawe, was added to the city in 1931. ... | 50,026 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
Ship Canal opened in 1894, creating the Port of Manchester and directly linking the city to the Irish Sea, to the west. Its fortune declined after the Second World War, owing to deindustrialisation, but the IRA bombing in 1996 led to extensive investment and regeneration.
In 2014, the Globalisation and Worl... | 50,027 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
media links, scientific and engineering output, social impact, sports clubs and transport connections. Manchester Liverpool Road railway station was the world's first inter-city passenger railway station; scientists first split the atom, developed the stored-program computer and produced graphene in the city... | 50,028 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
reference to a local river goddess). Both meanings are preserved in Insular Celtic languages, such as "mam" meaning "breast" in Irish and "mother" in Welsh. The suffix -chester is a survival of Old English "ceaster" and from that "castra" in Latin for camp or settlement ("fort; fortified town").
# History.
... | 50,029 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
General Agricola ordered the construction of a fort named Mamucium in the year 79 to ensure that Roman interests in Deva Victrix (Chester) and Eboracum (York) were protected from the Brigantes. Central Manchester has been permanently settled since this time. A stabilised fragment of foundations of the final ... | 50,030 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
of the Irwell and Irk sometime before the arrival of the Normans after 1066. Much of the wider area was laid waste in the subsequent Harrying of the North.
Thomas de la Warre, lord of the manor, founded and constructed a collegiate church for the parish in 1421. The church is now Manchester Cathedral; the d... | 50,031 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
of the region's textile industry. Manchester became an important centre for the manufacture and trade of woollens and linen, and by about 1540, had expanded to become, in John Leland's words, "The fairest, best builded, quickest, and most populous town of all Lancashire." The cathedral and Chetham's building... | 50,032 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
He was a diligent puritan, turning out ale houses and banning the celebration of Christmas; he died in 1656.
Significant quantities of cotton began to be used after about 1600, firstly in linen/cotton fustians, but by around 1750 pure cotton fabrics were being produced and cotton had overtaken wool in impor... | 50,033 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
cost of coal and halved the transport cost of raw cotton. Manchester became the dominant marketplace for textiles produced in the surrounding towns. A commodities exchange, opened in 1729, and numerous large warehouses, aided commerce. In 1780, Richard Arkwright began construction of Manchester's first cotto... | 50,034 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
the world's largest marketplace for cotton goods. Manchester was dubbed "Cottonopolis" and "Warehouse City" during the Victorian era. In Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, the term "manchester" is still used for household linen: sheets, pillow cases, towels, etc. The industrial revolution brought about... | 50,035 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
so that by 1835 "Manchester was without challenge the first and greatest industrial city in the world." Engineering firms initially made machines for the cotton trade, but diversified into general manufacture. Similarly, the chemical industry started by producing bleaches and dyes, but expanded into other ar... | 50,036 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
kept costs down. In 1878 the GPO (the forerunner of British Telecom) provided its first telephones to a firm in Manchester.
The Manchester Ship Canal was built between 1888 and 1894, in some sections by canalisation of the Rivers Irwell and Mersey, running from Salford to Eastham Locks on the tidal Mersey. ... | 50,037 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
political recognition by the city's working and non-titled classes. One such gathering ended with the Peterloo Massacre of 16 August 1819. The economic school of Manchester capitalism developed there, and Manchester was the centre of the Anti-Corn Law League from 1838 onward.
Manchester has a notable place ... | 50,038 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
Engels would meet. The first Trades Union Congress was held in Manchester (at the Mechanics' Institute, David Street), from 2 to 6 June 1868. Manchester was an important cradle of the Labour Party and the Suffragette Movement.
At that time, it seemed a place in which anything could happen—new industrial pro... | 50,039 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
golden age was perhaps the last quarter of the 19th century. Many of the great public buildings (including Manchester Town Hall) date from then. The city's cosmopolitan atmosphere contributed to a vibrant culture, which included the Hallé Orchestra. In 1889, when county councils were created in England, the ... | 50,040 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
you with columns of smoke". An American visitor taken to Manchester's blackspots saw "wretched, defrauded, oppressed, crushed human nature, lying and bleeding fragments".
The number of cotton mills in Manchester itself reached a peak of 108 in 1853. Thereafter the number began to decline and Manchester was ... | 50,041 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
in other parts of the world increased, often on machines produced in Manchester. Manchester suffered greatly from the Great Depression and the underlying structural changes that began to supplant the old industries, including textile manufacture.
## Blitz.
Like most of the UK, the Manchester area was mobil... | 50,042 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
Merlin engines to power them. Manchester was thus the target of bombing by the Luftwaffe, and by late 1940 air raids were taking place against non-military targets. The biggest took place during the "Christmas Blitz" on the nights of 22/23 and 24 December 1940, when an estimated of high explosives plus over ... | 50,043 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
and the exchange closed in 1968. By 1963 the port of Manchester was the UK's third largest, and employed over 3,000 men, but the canal was unable to handle the increasingly large container ships. Traffic declined, and the port closed in 1982. Heavy industry suffered a downturn from the 1960s and was greatly ... | 50,044 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
part of a process to raise the international profile of the city.
Manchester has a history of attacks attributed to Irish Republicans, including the Manchester Martyrs of 1867, arson in 1920, a series of explosions in 1939, and two bombs in 1992.
On Saturday 15 June 1996, the Provisional Irish Republican A... | 50,045 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
payout was over £400 million; many affected businesses never recovered from the loss of trade.
## Since 2000.
Spurred by the investment after the 1996 bomb, and aided by the XVII Commonwealth Games, Manchester's city centre has undergone extensive regeneration. New and renovated complexes such as The Print... | 50,046 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
regeneration programmes, and million-pound lofthouse apartments have since been developed. The 47-storey, tall, Beetham Tower was the tallest building in the UK outside London and the highest residential accommodation in Europe when completed in 2006 (it was surpassed in 2018 by the South Tower of the Deansg... | 50,047 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
over 800. It was the deadliest terrorist attack and the first suicide bombing in Britain since the 7 July 2005 London bombings. The attack caused worldwide condemnation and the changing of the UK's threat level to "critical" for the first time since 2007.
Since around the turn of the 21st century, Mancheste... | 50,048 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
Manchester is governed by the Manchester City Council. The Greater Manchester Combined Authority, with a directly elected mayor, has responsibilities for economic strategy and transport, amongst other areas, on a Greater Manchester-wide basis. Manchester has been a member of the English Core Cities Group sin... | 50,049 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
Pevsner wrote "That [neighbouring] Stretford and Salford are not administratively one with Manchester is one of the most curious anomalies of England". A stroke of a Norman baron's pen is said to have divorced Manchester and Salford, though it was not Salford that became separated from Manchester, it was Man... | 50,050 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
of Manchester. Manchester regained its borough status in 1838, and comprised the townships of Beswick, Cheetham Hill, Chorlton upon Medlock and Hulme. By 1846, with increasing population and greater industrialisation, the Borough Council had taken over the powers of the "Police Commissioners". In 1853, Manch... | 50,051 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
by Lancashire County Council, including former villages such as Burnage, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Didsbury, Fallowfield, Levenshulme, Longsight, and Withington. In 1931, the Cheshire civil parishes of Baguley, Northenden and Northen Etchells from the south of the River Mersey were added. In 1974, by way of the Lo... | 50,052 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
and police in the area. Andy Burnham was elected as the first Mayor of Greater Manchester in 2017.
# Geography.
At , northwest of London, Manchester lies in a bowl-shaped land area bordered to the north and east by the Pennines, an upland chain that runs the length of northern England, and to the south by ... | 50,053 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
in the south, is flat, offering extensive views from many highrise buildings in the city of the foothills and moors of the Pennines, which can often be capped with snow in the winter months. Manchester's geographic features were highly influential in its early development as the world's first industrial city... | 50,054 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
"Manchester City Zone", "Manchester post town" and the "Manchester Congestion Charge" are all examples of this.
For purposes of the Office for National Statistics, Manchester forms the most populous settlement within the Greater Manchester Urban Area, the United Kingdom's third-largest conurbation. There is... | 50,055 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
rail lines enter the city from all directions, the principal destination being Manchester Piccadilly station.
## Climate.
Manchester experiences a temperate Oceanic climate (Köppen: "Cfb"), like much of the British Isles, with mild summers and cool winters. Summer daytime temperatures regularly top 20 Cels... | 50,056 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
has a relatively high humidity level and this, along with the abundant supply of soft water, was one of the factors that led to the localisation of the textile industry in the area. Snowfalls are not common in the city because of the urban warming effect but the West Pennine Moors to the northwest, South Pen... | 50,057 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
extends into the wider surrounding counties, which is in place to reduce urban sprawl, prevent the towns in the conurbation from further convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, and preserve nearby countryside. This is achieved by restricting inappropriate development within the designated ... | 50,058 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
Mersey, as well as the southern area around Manchester Airport.
The green belt was first drawn up in 1961.
# Demography.
Below are the 10 largest immigrant groups of Manchester in 2011.
Historically the population of Manchester began to increase rapidly during the Victorian era, estimated at 354,930 for ... | 50,059 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
of 7,900, or 1.6%, since the 2011 MYE. Since 2001, the population has grown by 87,900, or 20.8%. Manchester was the third fastest-growing of the areas in the 2011 census. The city experienced the greatest percentage population growth outside London, with an increase of 19% to over 500,000. Manchester's popul... | 50,060 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
the beginning of July 2011 and end of June 2012 (Mid-Year Estimate date), births exceeded deaths by 4,800. Migration (internal and international) and other changes accounted for a net increase of 3,100 people between July 2011 and June 2012. Compared to Greater Manchester and England, Manchester has a younge... | 50,061 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
no religious affiliation increased by 58.1% from 16% to 25.3%, whilst the proportion of Muslims increased by 73.6% from 9.1% to 15.8%. The size of the Jewish population in Greater Manchester is the largest in Britain outside London.
Of all households in Manchester, 0.23% were Same-Sex Civil Partnership coup... | 50,062 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
mixed European and British ethnic groups is unknown; there are reportedly over 25,000 Mancunians of at least partial Italian descent alone which represents 5.5% of the city's population). 4.7% were mixed race (1.8% White and Black Caribbean, 0.9% White and Black African, 1.0% White and Asian, 1.0% Other Mixe... | 50,063 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
There is also a well-established Chinatown in the city with a substantial number of oriental restaurants and Chinese supermarkets. The area also attracts large numbers of Chinese students to the city who, in attending the local universities, contribute to Manchester having the third-largest Chinese populatio... | 50,064 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
for National Statistics does not produce economic data for the City of Manchester alone, but includes four other metropolitan boroughs, Salford, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, in an area named Greater Manchester South, which had a GVA of £34.8bn. The economy grew relatively strongly between 2002 and 2012, wh... | 50,065 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
to the latest figures. In 2012 it is shown the strongest annual growth in business stock (5%) of all the Core Cities. The city experienced a relatively sharp increase in the number of business deaths, the largest increase of all the Core Cities, however this was offset by strong growth in new businesses whic... | 50,066 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
Manchester than to any other British city: it can keep half the extra taxes it gets from transport investment.
KPMG's competitive alternative report also found that Manchester was Europe's most affordable city featured, ranking slightly better than Dutch cities, Rotterdam and Amsterdam, who all have a cost ... | 50,067 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
other comparable large cities. On the other hand, Greater Manchester is home to more multi-millionaires than anywhere outside London, with the City of Manchester taking up most of the tally. In 2013 Manchester was ranked 6th in the UK for quality of life, according to a rating of the UK's 12 largest cities.
... | 50,068 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
has the largest UK office market outside London according to GVA Grimley with a quarterly office uptake (averaged over 2010–14) of approximately 250,000 square ft – equivalent to the quarterly office uptake of Leeds, Liverpool and Newcastle combined and 90,000 square feet more than the nearest rival Birmingh... | 50,069 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
"The Best Places To Invest In Property In The UK". This was attributed to a 5.6% increase in house prices and local investment into infrastructure and Manchester airport.
# Landmarks.
Manchester's buildings display a variety of architectural styles, ranging from Victorian to contemporary architecture. The ... | 50,070 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
Hall, in Albert Square, was built in the Gothic revival style and is considered to be one of the most important Victorian buildings in England.
Manchester also has a number of skyscrapers built during the 1960s and 1970s, the tallest of which was the CIS Tower located near Manchester Victoria station until ... | 50,071 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
the north of the city borough is one of the largest municipal parks in Europe, covering of parkland. The city has 135 parks, gardens, and open spaces.Two large squares hold many of Manchester's public monuments. Albert Square has monuments to Prince Albert, Bishop James Fraser, Oliver Heywood, William Ewart ... | 50,072 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
of modern computing. A larger-than-life statue of Abraham Lincoln by George Gray Barnard in the eponymous Lincoln Square (having stood for many years in Platt Fields) was presented to the city by Mr. and Mrs. Charles Phelps Taft of Cincinnati, Ohio, to mark the part that Lancashire played in the cotton famin... | 50,073 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
station, and served as the Manchester terminus on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway – the world's first inter-city passenger railway. Today the city is well served by the rail network, and is at the centre of an extensive countywide railway network, including the West Coast Main Line, with two mainline st... | 50,074 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
on the final approach into an upgraded Piccadilly station.
Recent improvements in Manchester as part of the Northern Hub in the 2010s have been numerous electrification schemes into and through Manchester, redevelopment of Victoria station and construction of the Ordsall Chord directly linking Victoria and ... | 50,075 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
deemed the worst in the country.
## Metrolink (tram).
Manchester became the first city in the UK to acquire a modern light rail tram system when the Manchester Metrolink opened in 1992. In 2016–17, 37.8 million passenger journeys were made on the system. The present system mostly runs on former commuter ra... | 50,076 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
bus networks outside London with over 50 bus companies operating in the Greater Manchester region radiating from the city. In 2011, 80% of public transport journeys in Greater Manchester were made by bus, amounting to 220 million passenger journeys by bus each year. Following deregulation in 1986, the bus sy... | 50,077 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
service, called ‘free bus around the city’, which carries 2.8 million commuters a year around Manchester's business districts. Stagecoach Manchester is the Stagecoach Group's largest subsidiary and operates around 690 buses.
## Air.
Manchester, Northern England and North Wales are served by Manchester Airp... | 50,078 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
has the highest rating available: ""Category 10"", encompassing an elite group of airports which are able to handle ""Code F"" aircraft including the Airbus A380 and Boeing 747-8. From September 2010 the airport became one of only 17 airports in the world and the only UK airport other than Heathrow Airport t... | 50,079 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
also has a flight school, and both the Greater Manchester Police Air Support Unit and the North West Air Ambulance have helicopters based at the airfield.
## Canal.
An extensive canal network, including the Manchester Ship Canal, was built to carry freight from the Industrial Revolution onward; the canals ... | 50,080 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
The Smiths, Joy Division and its successor group New Order, Buzzcocks, The Stone Roses, The Fall, The Durutti Column, 10cc, Godley & Creme, The Verve, Elbow, Doves, The Charlatans, M People, The 1975, Simply Red, Take That, Dutch Uncles, Everything Everything, Pale Waves and The Outfield. Manchester was cred... | 50,081 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
formed in Manchester. Former Smiths frontman Morrissey, whose lyrics often refer to Manchester locations and culture, later found international success as a solo artist. Previously, notable Manchester acts of the 1960s include The Hollies, Herman's Hermits, and Davy Jones of the Monkees (famed in the mid-196... | 50,082 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
in 2007. With over 21,000 seats, it is the largest arena of its type in Europe. In terms of concertgoers, it is the busiest indoor arena in the world, ahead of Madison Square Garden in New York and The O2 Arena in London, respectively the second- and third-busiest. Other major venues include the Manchester A... | 50,083 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
was home to the so-called "Manchester School" of classical composers, which comprised Harrison Birtwistle, Peter Maxwell Davies, David Ellis and Alexander Goehr. Manchester is a centre for musical education, with the Royal Northern College of Music, which celebrates its 40th Anniversary since its merger, and... | 50,084 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
the famed Peabody Institute conservatory of music in Baltimore, Maryland, named for him. The main classical music venue was the Free Trade Hall on Peter Street, until the opening in 1996 of the 2,500 seat Bridgewater Hall.
Brass band music, a tradition in the north of England, is an important part of Manche... | 50,085 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
venues, including the Manchester Opera House, which feature large-scale touring shows and West End productions; the Palace Theatre; and the Royal Exchange Theatre in Manchester's former cotton exchange, the largest theatre in the round space in the UK.
Smaller performance spaces include the Contact Theatre ... | 50,086 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
a specific focus on original new work, which has included major new commissions by artists including Bjork. In Chancellor George Osborne's 2014 autumn statement he announced a £78 million grant to fund a new "large-scale, ultra-flexible arts space" for the city. Subsequently, the council stated that they had... | 50,087 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
rich industrial heritage and its role in the Industrial Revolution, the textile industry, the Trade Union movement, women's suffrage and football. A reconstructed part of the Roman fort of Mamucium is open to the public in Castlefield. The Museum of Science and Industry, housed in the former Liverpool Road r... | 50,088 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
in the 1880s, has notable Egyptology and natural history collections.
The municipally owned Manchester Art Gallery on Mosley Street houses a permanent collection of European painting, and has one of Britain's most significant collections of Pre-Raphaelite paintings.
In the south of the city, the Whitworth ... | 50,089 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
painter , known for his "matchstick" paintings of industrial Manchester and Salford, can be seen in both the city and Whitworth Manchester galleries, and at the Lowry art centre in Salford Quays (in the neighbouring borough of Salford) which devotes a large permanent exhibition to his works.
## Literature.
... | 50,090 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
by Friedrich Engels while living and working in Manchester. Manchester was the meeting place of Engels and Karl Marx. The two began writing "The Communist Manifesto" in Chetham's Library. The library was founded in 1653 and lays claim to being the oldest public library in the English-speaking world. Elsewher... | 50,091 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
have set his novel "Hard Times" in the city, and while it is partly modelled on Preston, it shows the influence of his friend Mrs Gaskell. Gaskell penned all her novels, with the exception of "Mary Barton", at her residence on Plymouth Grove. On numerous occasions Gaskell's house played host to influential a... | 50,092 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
churchyard as the burial place for Jane's parents and the birthplace of Jane herself. Also closely associated with the city is Victorian poet and novelist Isabella Banks, most famed for her 1876 novel "The Manchester Man". Anglo-American author Frances Hodgson Burnett was born in the city's Cheetham Hill dis... | 50,093 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
and academic Jackie Kay also lives in the city.
## Nightlife.
The night-time economy of Manchester has expanded significantly since about 1993, with investment from breweries in bars, public houses and clubs, along with active support from the local authorities. The more than 500 licensed premises in the c... | 50,094 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
808 State, James and The Charlatans emerged, was based on clubs such as the world-famous The Haçienda. The period was the subject of the film "24 Hour Party People". Many of the big clubs suffered problems with organised crime at that time; Haslam describes one where staff were so completely intimidated that... | 50,095 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
talented 1980s influential acts, it also influenced the graphic design industry via Factory artists such as Peter Saville (PSA), Octavo (8vo), Central Design Station, etc. The memorabilia from this club holds a high value among collectors and fans of these artists and the club. Peter Saville was most notable... | 50,096 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
each August since 2003.
# Education.
There are three universities in the City of Manchester. The University of Manchester, Manchester Metropolitan University and Royal Northern College of Music.
The University of Manchester is the largest full-time non-collegiate university in the United Kingdom and was c... | 50,097 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
It gained university status in 1992, and in the same year absorbed Crewe and Alsager College of Higher Education in South Cheshire. The University of Law, the largest provider of vocation legal training in Europe, has a campus in the city.
The three Universities are grouped around Oxford Road on the souther... | 50,098 |
20206 | Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchester | Manchester
Established in 1515, as a free grammar school next to what is now the Cathedral, it moved in 1931 to Old Hall Lane in Fallowfield, south Manchester, to accommodate the growing student body. In the post-war period, it was a direct grant grammar school (i.e. partially state funded), but it reverted to independ... | 50,099 |
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