wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
incident took place before classes started, and more than 20 students were injured, some of them seriously; a security guard was also injured. A 16-year-old sophomore male with two knives was arrested at the scene, and was charged as an adult. An assistant principal, as well as a stude... | 6,118,800 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
remediation in mathematics and or reading before they were prepared to take college level courses in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education or community colleges. Less than 66% of Pennsylvania high school graduates, who enroll in a four-year college in Pennsylvania, will ear... | 6,118,801 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
Regional School Board has determined that a pupil must earn 24 credits to graduate, including: Math 3 credits, English 4 credits, social studies 4 credits, science 3 credits, Humanities 3 credits, Physical Education 1.5 credits, Wellness 0.5 credits and electives 5 credits, including 1... | 6,118,802 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
completion of secondary level course work in Algebra I, Biology, English Composition, and Literature for which the Keystone Exams serve as the final course exams. Students' Keystone Exam scores shall count for at least one-third of the final course grade. In 2011, Pennsylvania high sch... | 6,118,803 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
license in order to graduate high school this order was approved by the Pennsylvania School Board Association 7-24-2015 and this order does pend on your 16 birthday.
### SAT scores.
From January to June 2011, 285 students took the SAT exams. The district's Verbal Average Score was 54... | 6,118,804 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
with the Westmoreland Intermediate Unit eAcademy. There are 93 courses offered to students in grades 5th through 12th via the WIU eAcademy. Students also have access to summer courses.
## Middle school.
Franklin Regional Middle School is located at 4660 Old William Penn Highway, Murr... | 6,118,805 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
Qualified" under No Child Left Behind.
In 2012, Franklin Regional's eighth grade ranked 18h out of 105 western Pennsylvania middle schools based on the last three years of student academic achievement in Pennsylvania System of School Assessments (PSSA) in: reading, math, writing and t... | 6,118,806 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
Regional Middle School achieved AYP status.
- PSSA Results:
8th Grade Reading
- 2011 - 90% on grade level (3% below basic). In Pennsylvania, 81.8% of 8th graders on grade level.
- 2010 - 94% (2% below basic). State - 81%
- 2009 - 90% (3% below basic), State - 80%
- 2008 - 94% (2%... | 6,118,807 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
were on grade level.
- 2010 - 84% (6% below basic). State – 57%
- 2009 - 75% (6% below basic). State - 55%
- 2008 - 70% (5% below basic). State - 52%
- 2007 - tested, but results not made public.
- Seventh grade:
In 2012, Franklin Regional's seventh grade ranked 14th out of 105 w... | 6,118,808 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
basic). State - 73%
- 2009 - 89% (2% below basic). State - 71%
- 2008 - 85% (6% below basic). State - 70%
- 2007 - 84% (5% below basic). State - 67%
7th Grade Math:
- 2011 - 93% on grade level (2% below basic). State - 78.6%
- 2010 - 90% (5% below basic). State - 77%
- 2009 - 92... | 6,118,809 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
basic). State - 78.8%
- 2010 - 88% (5% below basic). State - 78%
- 2009 - 90% (3% below basic), State - 75%
- 2008 - 88% (3% below basic), State - 72%
- 2007 - 83% (5% below basic), State - 69%
## Elementary schools.
Heritage Elementary School is located at 3240 School Road, Murr... | 6,118,810 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
under No Child Left Behind. In 2010 and 2011, Heritage Elementary School achieved AYP status. In 2011, 83% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In math, 89% of the students in 3rd through 5th grades were on grade level and 56% scored advanced. In 4th g... | 6,118,811 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
ratio of 10:1. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind. In 2010 and 2011, Newlonsburg Elementary School achieved AYP status. In 2011, 92% of the students were reading on grade level... | 6,118,812 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
through 5th, with 60 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced-price lunch. The school employed 41 teachers, yielding a student–teacher ratio of 16:1. According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child L... | 6,118,813 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
that 530 pupils or 14% of the district's pupils received Special Education services, with 56% of the identified students having a specific learning disability. In 2019, the District reported that 13.6% or 505 students received special education services.
In order to comply with state ... | 6,118,814 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
and are reasonably calculated to yield meaningful educational benefit and student progress . To identify students who may be eligible for special education services, various screening activities are conducted on an ongoing basis. These screening activities include: review of group-base... | 6,118,815 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
verbally request a multidisciplinary evaluation from a professional employee of the District or contact the district's Special Education Department.
In 2010, the state of Pennsylvania provided $1,026,815,000 for Special Education services. This funding is in addition to the state's ba... | 6,118,816 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
Overidentification of students, in order to increase state funding, has been an issue in the Commonwealth. Some districts have more than 20% of its students receiving special education services while others have 10% supported through special education.
Franklin Regional School Distric... | 6,118,817 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
Gifted education.
The District Administration reported that 296 or 7.84% of its students were gifted in 2009. By law, the district must provide mentally gifted programs at all grade levels. The referral process for a gifted evaluation can be initiated by teachers or parents by contact... | 6,118,818 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
reported employing 314 teachers and administrators with a median salary of $56,220 and a top salary of $125,843. Additionally, the teachers receive a defined benefit pension, health insurance, professional development reimbursement, paid personal days, 10 paid sick days, and other bene... | 6,118,819 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
teacher compensation of $83,999. According to a study conducted at the American Enterprise Institute, in 2011, public school teachers' total compensation is roughly 50 percent higher than they would likely receive in the private sector. The study found that the most generous benefits t... | 6,118,820 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
fourth in the nation for teacher compensation.
Franklin Regional School District administrative costs per pupil in 2008 was $598.97 per pupil. The lowest administrative cost per pupil in Pennsylvania was $398 per pupil. The Pennsylvania School Boards Association keeps statistics on sa... | 6,118,821 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
Pennsylvania's 501 school districts. In 2010 the per pupil spending had increased to $$12,044.68 which ranked 364th statewide. Among the states, Pennsylvania's total per pupil revenue (including all sources) ranked 11th at $15,023 per student, in 2008-09. In 2007, the Pennsylvania per ... | 6,118,822 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
a combination of: a local earned income tax, a property tax, a real estate transfer tax 0.5%, coupled with substantial funding from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the federal government. In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, pension income and Social Security income are exempted f... | 6,118,823 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
the 2011-2012 Basic Education Funding appropriation. This amount is a $233,290,000 increase (4.6%) over the enacted State appropriation for 2010-2011. The highest increase in state basic education funding was awarded to Duquesne City School District, which got a 49% increase in state f... | 6,118,824 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
increase. One hundred fifty Pennsylvania school districts received the base 2% increase. The highest increase in 2010-11 went to Kennett Consolidated School District in Chester County which received a 23.65% increase in state funding. The state's hold harmless policy regarding state ba... | 6,118,825 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
districts at a far greater rate than others.
In the 2009-2010 budget year, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided a 3.67% increase in Basic Education Funding for a total of $6,735,796. Among the districts in Westmoreland County, the highest increase went to Southmoreland School Dis... | 6,118,826 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
of the state budget proposal. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 325 district students received free or reduced-price lunches due to low family income in the 2007–2008 school year.
### Accountability Block Grants.
Beginning in 2004-2005, the state launched the Acc... | 6,118,827 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
programs that provide teachers with individualized job-embedded professional development to improve their instruction, before or after school tutoring assistance to struggling students. For 2010-11, the district applied for and received $285,917 in addition to all other state and feder... | 6,118,828 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
use. The program was funded from 2006-2009. The School District applied to participate in 2006-07 receiving $123,141. In 2007-08 it received $300,000. The district received $25,932 in 2008-09 for a total funding of $449,073. In County the highest award was given to area School District... | 6,118,829 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
of low-income students. The funding was limited to the 2009-10 and 2010-2011 school years. Due to the temporary nature of the funding, schools were repeatedly advised to use the funds for one-time expenditures like acquiring equipment, making repairs to buildings, training teachers to ... | 6,118,830 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
improving student academic success. In Pennsylvania, 120 public school districts and 56 charter schools agreed to participate. Pennsylvania was not approved for the grant. The failure of districts to agree to participate was cited as one reason that Pennsylvania was not approved.
## R... | 6,118,831 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
- land and buildings. The property tax is not levied on cars, business inventory, or other personal property. Certain types of property are exempt from property taxes, including: places of worship, places of burial, private social clubs, charitable and educational institutions and gove... | 6,118,832 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
includes municipalities in two counties, each of which has different rates of property tax assessment, a state board equalizes the tax rates between the counties. In 2010, miscalculations by the board were widespread in the Commonwealth and adversely impacted funding for many school di... | 6,118,833 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
voters to vote by referendum, or they seek an exception from the state Department of Education. The base index for the 2011-2012 school year is 1.4 percent, but the Act 1 Index can be adjusted higher, depending on a number of factors, such as property values and the personal income of ... | 6,118,834 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
calendar year and the percentage increase in the Employment Cost Index for Elementary and Secondary Schools, as determined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the U.S. Department of Labor, for the previous 12-month period ending June 30. For a school district with a market value/perso... | 6,118,835 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
to June 27, 2006 for non-Act 72 schools; 2) costs to pay interest and principal on electoral debt; 3) costs incurred in providing special education programs and services (beyond what is already paid by the State); and 4) costs due to increases of more than the Index in the school's sha... | 6,118,836 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
the 2012-13 budget year, Franklin Regional School Board applied for two exceptions to exceed the Act 1 Index: teacher pension costs a special education costs. For 2012-2013, 274 school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index; 22... | 6,118,837 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
districts received approval to exceed the tax limit.
For the 2011-12 school year, Franklin Regional School Board applied for two exceptions to exceed the Act 1 Index: teacher pension costs and Maintenance of Selected Revenue sources. Each year, the Franklin Regional School Board has t... | 6,118,838 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
to a state report, for the 2011-2012 school year budgets, 247 school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index; 250 school districts adopted a preliminary budget. Of the 250 school districts that adopted a preliminary budget, 231 ... | 6,118,839 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
an exception for Electoral debt for school construction.
Franklin Regional School Board did not apply for any exceptions to exceed the Act 1 index for the budget in 2011. For 2009-10 school budget, the board did not apply for exceptions to exceed the Index. In the Spring of 2010, 135 ... | 6,118,840 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
also $120 per approved permanent primary residence. In the district, 6,972 property owners applied for the tax relief. In Westmoreland County, the highest tax relief went to New Kensington-Arnold School District which was set at $350. The highest property tax relief, among Pennsylvania... | 6,118,841 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
agricultural purposes. The farm must be at least and must be the primary residence of the owner. Farmers can qualify for both the homestead exemption and the farmstead exemption. In Westmoreland County, 62% of eligible property owners applied for property tax relief in 2009.
Additiona... | 6,118,842 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
of substantially more than $35,000 may still qualify for a rebate. Individuals must apply annually for the rebate. This can be taken in addition to Homestead/Farmstead Property Tax Relief.
Property taxes in Pennsylvania are relatively high on a national scale. According to the Tax Fou... | 6,118,843 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
7 through 12. The district charges a $50 one time annual student participation activity fee. The Student Activity Fee is waived for students who qualify for a free or reduced-price lunch. Franklin Regional School Board has set eligibility requirements: attendance, academics and code of... | 6,118,844 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
Athletics.
- In 1979, the Franklin Regional girls' basketball team won the state championship over J. P. McCaskey High School 68–42. The 1997 boys' basketball team was the runner-up for the state championship, losing the championship game 50-45 to Plymouth-Whitemarsh High School.
- I... | 6,118,845 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
High School 11-9.
- In baseball, Franklin Regional won the WPIAL championship in 1997.
- In girls lacrosse, Franklin Regional won the WPIAL championship in 2010.
- In football, Franklin Regional won the AAA Pennsylvania state championship and WPIAL championship in 2005, defeating Po... | 6,118,846 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
in 1976.
- Football Section Champions - 1995, 1998, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014
- Softball Section Champions - 1973, 1974, 1999, 2000, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2016, 2018
- Boys Swimming Section Champions - 1972, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1991... | 6,118,847 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2019
- Girls Tennis Section Champions - 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1989, 1991, 1994, 1997, 2007, 2012, 2015
- Boys Golf Section Champions - 1962, 1964, 1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 198... | 6,118,848 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
1977, 1989, 1996, 2003, 2012, 2013, 2014
- Boys Lacrosse Section Champions - 2009
- Girls Track - 2015, 2016, 2018
- Girls Lacrosse Section Champions - 2001, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2017
- Boys Soccer Section Champions - 1983, 1984, 1985, 2007, 2008, 2014, 2017, 2018
- Girls... | 6,118,849 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
1975, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1984, 2017, 2018, 2019
- Boys Basketball - Founded 2006 - Rettger Memorial Tournament Champions: 2007, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019
## Arts.
- The marching band has participated in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in 2003 and 2009, and was... | 6,118,850 |
2313290 | Franklin Regional School District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20Regional%20School%20District | Franklin Regional School District
roduced by Michael Bay and Steven Spielberg, directed by D.J. Caruso, and starring Alex Pettyfer, Dianna Agron, and Timothy Olyphant, was filmed at Franklin Regional High School. The film crew explained that the school was chosen due to State Film tax incentives that exempt the maker f... | 6,118,851 |
2313391 | The Farnsworth Invention | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Farnsworth%20Invention | The Farnsworth Invention
The Farnsworth Invention
The Farnsworth Invention is a stage play by Aaron Sorkin adapted from an unproduced screenplay about Philo Farnsworth's first fully functional and completely all-electronic television system and David Sarnoff, the RCA president who stole the design.
# Screenplay.
On ... | 6,118,852 |
2313391 | The Farnsworth Invention | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Farnsworth%20Invention | The Farnsworth Invention
was 14, he showed his high school chemistry teacher a design he had made for an electronic television only to become involved in an all or nothing battle with David Sarnoff, the young president of RCA and America's first communications mogul." Schlamme described the movie as "a classic American... | 6,118,853 |
2313391 | The Farnsworth Invention | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Farnsworth%20Invention | The Farnsworth Invention
2005 it was announced that Sorkin was adapting the screenplay for the stage and the play would debut in the Abbey Theatre in Dublin, Ireland. It was staged at the La Jolla Playhouse from February 20 - March 25, 2007 as "a page-to-stage production" with Jimmi Simpson ("Zodiac") playing Farnswort... | 6,118,854 |
2313391 | The Farnsworth Invention | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Farnsworth%20Invention | The Farnsworth Invention
2009 film "Avatar".
The show closed on March 2, 2008.
An Australian production directed by Louise Fischer officially opened on July 13, 2011 at the New Theatre in Newtown.
# Historical accuracy.
The play is not historically accurate, and is an intentional alteration of the story. It shows F... | 6,118,855 |
2313391 | The Farnsworth Invention | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Farnsworth%20Invention | The Farnsworth Invention
Sorkin wrote:
# Critical reception.
In "The New York Times", Ben Brantley panned the play with faint praise:
In the "New York Post", Clive Barnes awarded it 2½ out of 4 stars and stated, "Sorkin's take on the Farnsworth/Sarnoff standoff would be better suited to a screen, either big or small... | 6,118,856 |
2313391 | The Farnsworth Invention | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Farnsworth%20Invention | The Farnsworth Invention
it "vintage Sorkin and crackling prime-time theater . . . breezy and shrewd, smart-alecky and idealistic."
In "Variety", David Rooney said, "The plot-heavy drama is light on fully fleshed-out characters or subtext, making it likely to play more satisfyingly when it inevitably reverts to being ... | 6,118,857 |
2313391 | The Farnsworth Invention | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Farnsworth%20Invention | The Farnsworth Invention
Tribune" called it "slick yet deeply conflicted" and "restless" and added, "this is one of those Boomer-friendly, media-savvy, self-aware pieces of effective theater that feel like they owe a lot to TV writing and our celebrity-obsessed culture . . . this is a jumpy piece of writing. It feels l... | 6,118,858 |
2313391 | The Farnsworth Invention | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Farnsworth%20Invention | The Farnsworth Invention
s of Sorkin's TV shows know well, the internal psyche of Sorkin is a very stimulating place in which to dwell for a couple of hours. His characters are uncommonly articulate and witty—albeit without much differentiation. He has mastered all the dramatic rules so well, he can titillate you by de... | 6,118,859 |
2313403 | Hopanoids | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hopanoids | Hopanoids
Hopanoids
Hopanoids are natural pentacyclic compounds (containing five rings) based on the chemical structure of hopane. The first known triterpenoid of the class, hydroxyhopanone, was isolated by two chemists at The National Gallery, London working on the chemistry of dammar gum, a natural resin used as a v... | 6,118,860 |
2313403 | Hopanoids | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hopanoids | Hopanoids
Hopanoids are not detected in archaea.
# Biological role.
Hopanoids modify plasma membrane properties, like fluidity and formation of liquid ordered domains, influencing membrane permeability, rigidity and other characteristics in bacteria, similarly as sterols (like cholesterol) do in eukaryotes. This rela... | 6,118,861 |
2313403 | Hopanoids | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hopanoids | Hopanoids
They are formed in the aerial hyphae (spore bearing structures) of the prokaryotic soil bacteria "Streptomyces", where they are thought to minimise water loss across the membrane to the air. In the actinomycete "Frankia", the hopanoids in diazovesicle membranes likely restrict the entry of oxygen by making th... | 6,118,862 |
2313403 | Hopanoids | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hopanoids | Hopanoids
ndependent of their age, origin or nature and are useful molecular fossil biomarkers in reconstruction of early evolution and geology.
Hopanoids, including 2-alpha-methylhopanes from photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria), were discovered by Roger Summons and colleagues as molecular fossils preserved in 2.7... | 6,118,863 |
2313412 | Sir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet, of Lymington | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir%20Harry%20Burrard,%201st%20Baronet,%20of%20Lymington | Sir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet, of Lymington
Sir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet, of Lymington
General Sir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet (1 June 1755 – 17 October 1813) was a British soldier who fought in the American War of Independence, the French Revolutionary Wars and in the Peninsular War.
# Biography.
Burrard was born... | 6,118,864 |
2313412 | Sir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet, of Lymington | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir%20Harry%20Burrard,%201st%20Baronet,%20of%20Lymington | Sir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet, of Lymington
in order to see service in the American War of Independence. With his regiment he served under Sir William Howe in 1778 and 1779—He was captured during a raid on the Bruges canal in 1798. He led the 2nd Brigade during the 1799 Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland, fighting at t... | 6,118,865 |
2313412 | Sir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet, of Lymington | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir%20Harry%20Burrard,%201st%20Baronet,%20of%20Lymington | Sir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet, of Lymington
from 1793 to 1795, and was promoted colonel in 1795, and major-general in 1798. In 1804 he became lieutenant-colonel commanding the 1st Foot Guards, and in 1805 he was promoted lieutenant-general.
In 1807 he received his first command in the expedition to Copenhagen under L... | 6,118,866 |
2313412 | Sir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet, of Lymington | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir%20Harry%20Burrard,%201st%20Baronet,%20of%20Lymington | Sir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet, of Lymington
On 21 August Junot attacked Sir Arthur's position at Vimeiro, and was successfully beaten off, and the English general had just ordered Ferguson to pursue the beaten enemy, when Burrard assumed the chief command, and, believing the French had a reserve as yet untouched, forb... | 6,118,867 |
2313412 | Sir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet, of Lymington | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir%20Harry%20Burrard,%201st%20Baronet,%20of%20Lymington | Sir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet, of Lymington
of the inquiry was to entirely absolve the generals.
Burrard never applied for another command, but in 1810 as senior lieutenant-colonel he assumed the command of the Brigade of Guards in London. He died at Calshot Castle near Fawley, Hampshire, on 17 October 1813. He was b... | 6,118,868 |
2313412 | Sir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet, of Lymington | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir%20Harry%20Burrard,%201st%20Baronet,%20of%20Lymington | Sir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet, of Lymington
one of whom was acting as aide-de-camp to Sir John Moore at the battle of Corunna. He lost a third at the siege of San Sebastian which is said to have caused him to die of a broken heart. His wife survived him.
# Miscellaneous.
- He was nicknamed "Betty" by his troops.
- ... | 6,118,869 |
2313412 | Sir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet, of Lymington | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir%20Harry%20Burrard,%201st%20Baronet,%20of%20Lymington | Sir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet, of Lymington
rard's sons was killed at the Battle of Corunna and another died in the breach at the Siege of San Sebastian.
- He appears in Naomi Novik's fifth "Temeraire" novel, "Victory of Eagles".
# References.
- Attribution
- Endnotes
- Wellington Despatches, vol. iii.;
- Napier... | 6,118,870 |
2313385 | Five Points Gang | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five%20Points%20Gang | Five Points Gang
Five Points Gang
Five Points Gang was a 19th-century and early 20th-century criminal organization, primarily of Irish-American origins, based in the Sixth Ward (The Five Points) of Manhattan, New York City. In the early 19th century, the area was first known for gangs of Irish immigrants. Their descen... | 6,118,871 |
2313385 | Five Points Gang | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five%20Points%20Gang | Five Points Gang
area of Manhattan where four streets – Anthony (now Worth), Cross (now Mosco), Orange (now Baxter), and Little Water (now nonexistent) – converged was known as "The Five Points". Mulberry, notorious for slum tenements, was one street down from the Five Points. This area, now the present-day location of... | 6,118,872 |
2313385 | Five Points Gang | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five%20Points%20Gang | Five Points Gang
of Irish refugees by the 1840s.
Gambling dens and brothels were numerous in the Five Points area, and it was considered a dangerous destination, where many people had been mugged, particularly at night. In 1842, famous British author Charles Dickens visited the area and was appalled at the poor living... | 6,118,873 |
2313385 | Five Points Gang | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five%20Points%20Gang | Five Points Gang
York" is set in Five Points based on Herbert Asbury's historical novel portraying the strife from the 1840s to the Civil War draft riots of 1863 between old line Americanized Protestant English and Scots-Irish immigrants and newly arrived persecuted Roman Catholic Irish with riots, crime, poverty and e... | 6,118,874 |
2313385 | Five Points Gang | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five%20Points%20Gang | Five Points Gang
they often fought to the death. Kelly and Torrio recruited members from other gangs in New York to join the Five Points organization. Al Capone came from the James Street gang, and would later lead the Chicago Outfit. Torrio was the first to establish his style of racketeering in Chicago, and recruited... | 6,118,875 |
2313385 | Five Points Gang | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five%20Points%20Gang | Five Points Gang
boxes, the gang aided city officials of the old Democratic Party political machine like in the era of Tammany Hall to retain power. At the turn of the 20th century, the only competitors to the Five Pointers were from Monk Eastman's gang.
The rivals disputed claims to a strip of territory of the Lower ... | 6,118,876 |
2313385 | Five Points Gang | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five%20Points%20Gang | Five Points Gang
from the battle, which lasted several hours. Three men were killed, and many were wounded in the battle. When the police finally gained control of the situation, they arrested Eastman, but he spent only a few hours in jail. A Tammany-controlled judge released him after Eastman swore that he was innocen... | 6,118,877 |
2313385 | Five Points Gang | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five%20Points%20Gang | Five Points Gang
on each other in a boxing match, with the winner's gang to take the disputed territory.
On the appointed day, hundreds of men from both sides met at an abandoned house in the Bronx. Eastman and Kelly fought each other for two hours. Kelly had been a boxer in his younger days, and was said to make a be... | 6,118,878 |
2313385 | Five Points Gang | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five%20Points%20Gang | Five Points Gang
Eastman was beaten unconscious by a policeman who had foiled a robbery in progress. Eastman was convicted of the crime and sentenced to a 10-year term in Sing Sing prison (Ossining Correctional Facility) in Ossining, New York. His successor Max "Kid Twist" Zwerbach was murdered in 1908 by members of th... | 6,118,879 |
2313385 | Five Points Gang | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five%20Points%20Gang | Five Points Gang
. "Biff" Ellison and Pat "Razor" Riley, in a gun battle inside one of his nightclubs. Tammany Hall pressure made him keep a lower profile after this incident. He became more involved in the nascent labor union rackets. He died of natural causes in 1936.
Gradually the Mafia gangs took over the rackets ... | 6,118,880 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
Led Zeppelin IV
The untitled fourth studio album by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, commonly known as Led Zeppelin IV, was released on 8 November 1971 by Atlantic Records. It was produced by guitarist Jimmy Page and recorded between December 1970 and February 1971, mostly in the country house Headl... | 6,118,881 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
and would be represented instead by four symbols chosen by each band member, without featuring the name or any other details on the cover. Unlike the prior two albums, the band was joined by some guest musicians. Joining Robert Plant (vocals), Jimmy Page (guitar), John Paul Jones (bass, multi-instrument... | 6,118,882 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
success and is Led Zeppelin's best-selling, shipping over 37 million copies worldwide. It is one of the best-selling albums in the US, while critics have regularly placed it highly on lists of the greatest albums of all time.
# Writing and recording.
Following the release of "Led Zeppelin III" in Octo... | 6,118,883 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
in December 1970. The group had considered Mick Jagger's home, Stargroves as a recording location, but decided it was too expensive. They subsequently moved the following month to Headley Grange, a country house in Hampshire, England, using the Rolling Stones Mobile Studio and engineer Andy Johns, with ... | 6,118,884 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
the band, as they were able to capture spontaneous performances immediately, with some tracks arising from the communal jamming. Bassist and keyboardist John Paul Jones remembered there was no bar or leisure facilities, but this helped focus the group on the music without being distracted.
Once the bas... | 6,118,885 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
over the choice of cover, whether it should be a double album, with a possible suggestion it could be issued as a set of EPs.
# Songs.
## Side one.
"Black Dog" was named after a dog that hung around Headley Grange during recording. The riff was written by Page and Jones, while the a cappella section ... | 6,118,886 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
which came from jamming around the intro to Little Richard's "Keep A Knockin'". The track became a live favourite in concert, being performed as the opening number or an encore. It was released as a promotional single in the US, with stereo and mono mixes on either side of the disc.
"The Battle of Ever... | 6,118,887 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
written by Page, and the bulk of the chord sequence was already worked out when recording started at Basing Street Studios. The lyrics were written by Plant at Headley Grange, about a woman who "took everything without giving anything back". The final take of the song was recorded at Island Studios afte... | 6,118,888 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
guitar on the group's first album and early live shows. He put down three different takes of the solo and picked the best to put on the album.
The song was the standout track on the album and was played on FM radio stations frequently, but the group resisted all suggestions to release it as a single. I... | 6,118,889 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
the clash against students and police around drug possession. The title comes from J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Hobbit". Plant later performed the track on solo tours.
"Four Sticks" took its title from Bonham playing the drum pattern that runs throughout the song with four drum sticks. The track was difficu... | 6,118,890 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
music was inspired by Joni Mitchell, of whom both Plant and Page were fans. The track was originally titled "Guide To California"; the final title comes from the trip to Los Angeles to mix the album.
"When the Levee Breaks" comes from a blues song recorded by Memphis Minnie and Kansas Joe McCoy in 1929... | 6,118,891 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
around the lobby gave the ideal ambience for the drum sound. This introduction was later extensively sampled for hip hop music in the 1980s. Page and Plant played the song on their 1995 tour promoting "".
## Other songs.
Three other songs from the sessions, "Down by the Seaside", "Night Flight" and "B... | 6,118,892 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
would instead feature four hand-drawn symbols on the inner sleeve and record label, each one chosen by the band member it represents. The record company were strongly against the idea, but the group stood their ground and refused to hand over the master tapes until their decision had been agreed to.
Pa... | 6,118,893 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
were insisting that a title had to be on the album, but held his ground, as he felt it would be an answer to critics who could not review one Led Zeppelin album without point of reference to earlier ones.
Releasing the album without an official title has made it difficult to consistently identify. Whil... | 6,118,894 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
LP also has no text on the front or back cover, and lacks a catalogue number on the spine.
# Cover.
In place of a title, Page decided each member could choose a personal emblem for the cover. Initially thinking of a single symbol, he then decided there could be four, with each member of the band choos... | 6,118,895 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
three "vesica pisces" (a triquetra). It is intended to symbolise a person who possesses both confidence and competence. Bonham's symbol, the three interlocking (Borromean) rings, was picked by the drummer from the same book. It represents the triad of mother, father and child, but, inverted, it also hap... | 6,118,896 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
Led Zeppelin's tour of the United Kingdom in winter 1971 shortly after the album's release, the symbols could be seen on the group's stage equipment; Page's on one of his amplifiers, Bonham's on his bass drum head, Jones' on a covering for his Rhodes piano, and Plant's on the side of a PA cabinet. Only ... | 6,118,897 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
Ladywood district of Birmingham. Page has explained that the cover of the fourth album was intended to bring out a city/country dichotomy that had initially surfaced on "Led Zeppelin III", and a reminder that people should look after the Earth. He later said the cover was supposed to be for "other peopl... | 6,118,898 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
This character was later portrayed by Page himself in Led Zeppelin's concert film, "The Song Remains the Same" (1976). The inner painting is also referred to as "View in Half or Varying Light". The typeface for the lyrics to "Stairway to Heaven", printed on the inside sleeve of the album, was Page's con... | 6,118,899 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.