wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
week and has spent a total of 90 weeks on the chart. In the US it was Led Zeppelin's best-selling album, but did not top the "Billboard" album chart, peaking at No. 2 behind "There's a Riot Goin' On" by Sly and the Family Stone and "Music" by Carole King. "Ultimately," writes Lewis, "the fourth Zeppelin... | 6,118,900 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
the lack of quality control, saying first-generation master tapes were not used and there was excessive tape hiss. He remastered the album in 1990 in an attempt to update the catalogue. Several tracks were used for that year's compilation "Led Zeppelin Remasters" and the "Led Zeppelin Boxed Set". All re... | 6,118,901 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
two-CD plus two-LP version with a hardback book, and as high resolution 96k/24-bit digital downloads. The deluxe and super deluxe editions feature bonus material. The reissue was released with an inverted colour version of the original album's artwork as its bonus disc's cover. The album's remastered ve... | 6,118,902 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
steps on another's toes, that tries to do too much all at once." "Billboard" magazine called it a "powerhouse album" that has the commercial potential of the band's previous three albums. Robert Christgau originally gave "Led Zeppelin IV" a lukewarm review in "The Village Voice", but later called it a m... | 6,118,903 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
while "encompassing heavy metal, folk, pure rock & roll, and blues". In his album guide to heavy metal, "Spin" magazine's Joe Gross cited "Led Zeppelin IV" as a "monolithic cornerstone" of the genre. BBC Music's Daryl Easlea said that the album made the band a global success and effectively combined the... | 6,118,904 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
AJ Ramirez regarded it as one of the greatest heavy metal albums ever, while Chuck Eddy named it the number one metal album of all time in his 1991 book "Stairway to Hell: The 500 Best Heavy Metal Albums in the Universe". According to rock scholar Mablen Jones, "Led Zeppelin IV" and particularly "Stairw... | 6,118,905 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
must claim a track from side two, the "deep cuts with credibility" side, was his or her favorite, and the second was that one should never say it was their favorite among the band's albums. He blamed this later tendency for why "rock critics who try too hard always make a case for "In Through the Out Do... | 6,118,906 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
2000, "Led Zeppelin IV" was named the 26th-greatest British album in a list by "Q" magazine. In 2002, "Spin" magazine's Chuck Klosterman named it the second greatest metal album of all time and said that it was "the most famous hard-rock album ever recorded" as well as an album that unintentionally crea... | 6,118,907 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
IV" as the greatest of all Zeppelin albums.
# Track listing.
- Sides one and two were combined as tracks 1–8 on CD reissues.
# Personnel.
Led Zeppelin
- John Bonham – drums
- John Paul Jones – bass, electric piano, mandolin, recorders, synthesizer
- Jimmy Page – electric and acoustic guitars, man... | 6,118,908 |
50242 | Led Zeppelin IV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Led%20Zeppelin%20IV | Led Zeppelin IV
D reissues.
# Personnel.
Led Zeppelin
- John Bonham – drums
- John Paul Jones – bass, electric piano, mandolin, recorders, synthesizer
- Jimmy Page – electric and acoustic guitars, mandolin on "The Battle of Evermore", production, mastering, digital remastering
- Robert Plant – vocals, harmonica
... | 6,118,909 |
2313398 | Akira Taue | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akira%20Taue | Akira Taue
Akira Taue
# Sumo wrestling career.
Before becoming a professional wrestler, Akira Taue competed as a sumo wrestler, debuting in January 1980 and coached by former ozeki Daikirin (his shikona was Tamakirin, based on his stablemaster's). He fought in the second highest juryo division for seven tournaments b... | 6,118,910 |
2313398 | Akira Taue | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akira%20Taue | Akira Taue
Hiroshi Wajima and Arashi before him, his debut was much hyped. Throughout the years he became one of AJPW's top stars, by winning titles such as the Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship and the 1996 Champion Carnival.
However, he became better known for tag team wrestling. He won his first championship, t... | 6,118,911 |
2313398 | Akira Taue | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akira%20Taue | Akira Taue
Noah promotion in August 2000, while Kawada decided to stay.
## Pro Wrestling Noah (2000–2017).
In Noah Taue continued tag team wrestling, teaming mostly with Takuma Sano. On November 5, 2005, Taue was able to defeat Takeshi Rikio with his Ore ga Taue finisher to capture the GHC Heavyweight Championship, w... | 6,118,912 |
2313398 | Akira Taue | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akira%20Taue | Akira Taue
Morishima, Takashi Sugiura, and Genba Hirayanagi defeated Genichiro Tenryu, Tatsumi Fujinami, Masao Inoue, and Kentaro Shiga, with Taue pinning Inoue for the final win of his career.
Taue served as the Noah president until November 1, 2016, when the company was sold to IT development company Estbee, after w... | 6,118,913 |
2313398 | Akira Taue | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akira%20Taue | Akira Taue
that he was battling stomach cancer. The diagnosis came from when he was originally hospitalized from a fall at his home on March 2 that caused bleeding from the stomach, which required an emergency blood transfusion. He also revealed that on April 16, he underwent a gastrectomy after discovering the cancer ... | 6,118,914 |
2313398 | Akira Taue | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akira%20Taue | Akira Taue
Kawada
- January 2 Korakuen Hall Heavyweight Battle Royal (1992)
- World Tag Team Championship Tournament (2000) – with Toshiaki Kawada
- Nikkan Sports
- Fighting Spirit Award (2005)
- Pro Wrestling Illustrated
- PWI ranked him #33 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 1997
- PWI rank... | 6,118,915 |
2313398 | Akira Taue | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akira%20Taue | Akira Taue
shiaki Kawada
- Pro Wrestling Noah
- GHC Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
- Tokyo Sports
- Fighting Spirit Award (1992, 1996)
- Lifetime Achievement Award (2014)
- Match of the Year (1995) –
- Tag Team of the Year (1997) –
- Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
- 5 Star Match (1990)
- 5 Star Match... | 6,118,916 |
2313374 | Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koshi%20Tappu%20Wildlife%20Reserve | Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve
Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve
The Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve is a protected area in the Terai of eastern Nepal covering of wetlands in the Sunsari, Saptari and Udayapur Districts. It comprises extensive mudflats, reed beds, and freshwater marshes in the floodplain of the Sapta Kosi River,... | 6,118,917 |
2313374 | Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koshi%20Tappu%20Wildlife%20Reserve | Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve
raiders between September and February. Large numbers of cattle were found grazing freely inside the reserve. Local people are responsible for illegal utilization of forest products, poaching and river fishing inside the reserve.
In 2005, the reserve together with the Koshi Barrage was ide... | 6,118,918 |
2313374 | Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koshi%20Tappu%20Wildlife%20Reserve | Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve
water bodies are maintained by the annual flooding and grazing by wildlife. The Sapta Koshi River, a tributary of the Ganges, causes rapid and intense flooding during the rainy season. In the extensive wetlands, 514 plant species are found including kapok, sugarcane, reed, cattail, "Imperat... | 6,118,919 |
2313374 | Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koshi%20Tappu%20Wildlife%20Reserve | Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve
Mammals.
The 31 species of mammals recorded include the Asian elephant, spotted deer, hog deer, wild boar, smooth-coated otter and golden jackal. The Ganges river dolphin has been sighted in the Koshi River. Gaur and blue bull have declined in numbers. Nepal’s last remaining population of ... | 6,118,920 |
2313374 | Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koshi%20Tappu%20Wildlife%20Reserve | Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve
the proposed translocation happens, this will present a natural Predator-Prey scenario since wild water buffaloes in Koshi Tappu has been lacking their natural predators in the form of tiger, leopard and dhole for quite a long time.
## Birds.
Notable among the 485 bird species are waterco... | 6,118,921 |
2313374 | Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koshi%20Tappu%20Wildlife%20Reserve | Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve
rcock, Indian nightjar, dusky eagleowl, black-headed cuckooshrike, whitetailed stonechat, striated grassbird, large adjutant stork, Pallas’s fish eagle, common golden-eye, and gullbilled tern. Swamp francolin and rufous-vented grass babbler occur as well.
In spring 2011, 17 Bengal florican... | 6,118,922 |
2313376 | Phil Jimenez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jimenez | Phil Jimenez
Phil Jimenez
Phil Jimenez (born July 12, 1970) is an American comics artist and writer, known for his work as writer/artist on "Wonder Woman" from 2000 to 2003, as one of the five pencilers of the 2005–2006 miniseries "Infinite Crisis", and his collaborations with writer Grant Morrison on "New X-Men" and ... | 6,118,923 |
2313376 | Phil Jimenez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jimenez | Phil Jimenez
with his first published work illustrating four pages in the 1991 miniseries "War of the Gods". Pozner was HIV-positive when he and Jimenez started dating, and was hesitant about dating someone younger and HIV-negative. Nonetheless, Jimenez became both Pozner's partner and caretaker, saying:
Following Nea... | 6,118,924 |
2313376 | Phil Jimenez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jimenez | Phil Jimenez
know there was anyone else like me.' That's what counts. It meant a lot to people."
Much of Jimenez's work is related to works by George Pérez, whose art strongly influenced Jimenez. Jimenez has worked on several "Teen Titans"-related series (some issues of the ongoing series "New Titans" and "Team Titans... | 6,118,925 |
2313376 | Phil Jimenez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jimenez | Phil Jimenez
Woman" (vol. 2) issues #168–169 in 2001. Jimenez would leave as series writer/artist with issue #188 in March 2003. Jimenez and Pérez also have worked together in 2005–2006 in the miniseries "Infinite Crisis" (where Jimenez was the main penciller, and Pérez drew some sequences and covers for the series) an... | 6,118,926 |
2313376 | Phil Jimenez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jimenez | Phil Jimenez
"New X-Men" run.
It was announced at the 2007 San Diego Comic-Con that Jimenez had signed an exclusive contract with Marvel Comics. He was one of the four artists working on Marvel's flagship title, "The Amazing Spider-Man", the company's sole Spider-Man title, in which Marvel upped its frequency of publi... | 6,118,927 |
2313376 | Phil Jimenez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jimenez | Phil Jimenez
Ana Kravinoff, the daughter of Kraven the Hunter, was introduced in "The Amazing Spider-Man" #565 (September 2008) by Jimenez and Marc Guggenheim. During his run, Jimenez drew the cover for "The Amazing Spider-Man" #583, featuring Barack Obama.
In 2009, Marvel Editor-in-Chief Joe Quesada announced that Ji... | 6,118,928 |
2313376 | Phil Jimenez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jimenez | Phil Jimenez
series "Fables".
He appeared at the White House for the National Design Awards to present original art to First Lady Michelle Obama.
Jimenez appeared in a panel discussion on diversity in sci-fi/fantasy fandom in the March 19, 2015 episode of the Comedy Central humor and commentary program "The Nightly S... | 6,118,929 |
2313376 | Phil Jimenez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jimenez | Phil Jimenez
in them. But the idea that, somehow, being a nerd is separate from one’s religious or moral or political beliefs is strange to me. We all bring everything to our decision-making on a daily basis."
As part of the DC Rebirth relaunch of DC's titles, Jimenez was the writer and artist of the "Superwoman" seri... | 6,118,930 |
2313376 | Phil Jimenez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jimenez | Phil Jimenez
losses. In addition, Jimenez wanted to create a female villain who was not sexually charged, and was motivated by something other than baby-making.
# Other work.
A diorama enthusiast, Jimenez teaches a life drawing course as part of the undergraduate cartooning program at the School of Visual Arts in Man... | 6,118,931 |
2313376 | Phil Jimenez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jimenez | Phil Jimenez
art for the first permanent AIDS awareness exhibit at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago. His art has appeared on album covers and in editorial magazines. His artwork has been featured in mainstream publications such as "TV Guide", and he himself has been profiled or recognized in "Entertainment... | 6,118,932 |
2313376 | Phil Jimenez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jimenez | Phil Jimenez
was with Neal Pozner, who hired him at DC that same year.
# Bibliography.
As artist unless otherwise noted.
## DC Comics.
Interior art
- "Action Comics" #836 (2006)
- "Adventure Comics" (Legion of Super-Heroes) #523–525 (2011)
- "Aquaman Annual" #1 (among other artists) (1995)
- "DC Countdown" #1 (... | 6,118,933 |
2313376 | Phil Jimenez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jimenez | Phil Jimenez
miniseries, #1–7 (among other artists) (2005–2006)
- "JLA" #50 (among other artists) (2001)
- "JLA/Teen Titans", miniseries, #1–3 (1998–1999)
- "Legends of the DC Universe 80-Page Giant" #1 (Teen Titans) (1998)
- "Legion of Super-Heroes", vol. 4, #94 (among other artists) (1997)
- "Legion of Super-Her... | 6,118,934 |
2313376 | Phil Jimenez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jimenez | Phil Jimenez
(1995)
- "Showcase '96" #1 (Tempest) (writer only) (1996)
- "Starman Secret Files" #1 (1998)
- "Superman", vol. 2, #200 (among other artists) (2004)
- "" #1 (among other artists) (2001)
- "Superman Secret Files and Origins" #2 (among other artists) (1999)
- "Superwoman" #1–8 (writer; also artist on #... | 6,118,935 |
2313376 | Phil Jimenez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jimenez | Phil Jimenez
Sentinel" #1 (1995)
- "War of the Gods" #4 (1991)
- "Wonder Woman", vol. 2, #164–188 (2001–2003)
- "Wonder Woman: Donna Troy" #1 (1998)
- "Wonder Woman Secret Files and Origins" #2–3 (1999–2002) (writer/artist/cover art; among other artists)
- "Wonder Woman: Our Worlds at War" #1 (writer only) (2001)
... | 6,118,936 |
2313376 | Phil Jimenez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jimenez | Phil Jimenez
(2000)
- "Fairest" #1–6, 15–17, 19–20 (2012–2013)
- "Flinch" #7 (1999)
- "Ghosts" vol. 2 #1 (2012)
- "Heartthrobs" #1 (1999)
- "The Invisibles" #17–19 (1996)
- "The Invisibles", vol. 2, #1–8, 10–13 (1997–1998)
- "Otherworld", miniseries, #1–7 (2005)
- "Planetary/Authority: Ruling the World" #1 (200... | 6,118,937 |
2313376 | Phil Jimenez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jimenez | Phil Jimenez
(2009)
- "Amazing Spider-Man: Swing Shift Director's Cut" #1 (2008)
- "Angela, Asgard's Assassin" #1–6 (2015)
- "Astonishing X-Men" #31–35 (2009–2010)
- "Fearless Defenders" #4 AU (2013)
- "Free Comic Book Day 2007: Spider-Man" #1 (2007)
- "New X-Men" #132, 139–141, 146–150 (2002–2004)
- "Spider-Man... | 6,118,938 |
2313376 | Phil Jimenez | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phil%20Jimenez | Phil Jimenez
ing Spider-Man: Swing Shift Director's Cut" #1 (2008)
- "Angela, Asgard's Assassin" #1–6 (2015)
- "Astonishing X-Men" #31–35 (2009–2010)
- "Fearless Defenders" #4 AU (2013)
- "Free Comic Book Day 2007: Spider-Man" #1 (2007)
- "New X-Men" #132, 139–141, 146–150 (2002–2004)
- "Spider-Man: Origin of the... | 6,118,939 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
STS-3xx
Space Shuttle missions designated STS-3xx (officially called Launch On Need (LON) missions) were rescue missions which would have been mounted to rescue the crew of a Space Shuttle if their vehicle was damaged and deemed unable to make a successful reentry. Such a mission would have been flown if Missi... | 6,118,940 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
of this type was launched during the Space Shuttle program.
# Procedure.
The orbiter and four of the crew which were due to fly the next planned mission would be retasked to the rescue mission. The planning and training processes for a rescue flight would allow NASA to launch the mission within a period of 40... | 6,118,941 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
Up to STS-121 all rescue missions were to be designated STS-300.
In the case of an abort to orbit, where the shuttle is unable to reach the ISS orbit and the thermal protection system inspections suggest the shuttle cannot return to Earth safely, the ISS may be capable of descent down to meet the shuttle. Such... | 6,118,942 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
Need flight hardware were built in preparation for a rescue mission including:
- An extra three recumbent seats to be located in the aft middeck (ditch area)
- Two handholds located on the starboard wall of the ditch area
- Individual Cooling Units mounting provisions
- Seat 5 modification to properly secur... | 6,118,943 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
without a human crew on board via remote control. NASA developed the RCO in-flight maintenance (IFM) cable to extend existing auto-land capabilities of the shuttle to allow remaining tasks to be completed from the ground. The purpose of the RCO IFM cable was to provide an electrical signal connection between th... | 6,118,944 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
and deployment
- Drag chute arming and deployment
- Fuel cell reactant valve closure
The RCO IFM cable first flew aboard STS-121 and was transferred to the ISS for storage during the mission. The cable remained aboard the ISS until the end of the Shuttle program. Prior to STS-121 the plan was for the damaged... | 6,118,945 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
the shuttle can be ditched in the Pacific should a problem develop that would make landing dangerous. White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico is a likely alternate site. A major consideration in determining the landing site would be the desire to perform a high-risk re-entry far away from populated areas. The f... | 6,118,946 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
of March 2011 the Boeing X-37 extended duration robotic spaceplane has demonstrated autonomous orbital flight, reentry and landing. The X-37 was originally intended for launch from the Shuttle payload bay, but following the "Columbia" disaster, it was launched in a shrouded configuration on an Atlas V.
# Pre-I... | 6,118,947 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
their RMS arms to grapple each other, the crew would have made an EVA between the Shuttles. This would have been carried out using the two EVA-designated mission specialists wearing the Shuttle/ISS Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuits, while the remaining crew would have been sealed up in pressurized P... | 6,118,948 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
Contingency Shuttle Crew Support (CSCS) is expected by flight day 10 of a nominal mission.
- FD-10 Shortly after the need for CSCS operations a group C powerdown of the shuttle will take place.
- FD-11-21 During flight days 11 ~ 21 of the mission the shuttle will remain docked to the international space stati... | 6,118,949 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
bay doors would have been left open to promote vehicle breakup.)
- FD-45 Launch of rescue flight. 35 days from call-up to Launch for the rescue flight is a best-estimate of the minimum time it will take before a rescue flight is launched.
- FD-45-47 The rescue flight catches up with the ISS, conducting heat s... | 6,118,950 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
is launched at later date to resupply ISS crew. ISS precautionary de-crew preparations begin.
- FD-58 De-crew ISS due to ECLSS O exhaustion in event "Progress" unable to perform resupply function.
# STS-125 rescue plan.
STS-400 was the Space Shuttle contingency support (Launch On Need) flight that would have... | 6,118,951 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
another shuttle at a later date. Instead, NASA developed a plan to conduct a shuttle-to-shuttle rescue mission, similar to proposed rescue missions for pre-ISS flights. The rescue mission would have been launched only three days after call-up and as early as seven days after the launch of STS-125, since the cre... | 6,118,952 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
STS-125 was retargeted for no earlier than February 2009. This changed the STS-400 vehicle from "Endeavour" to "Discovery". The mission was redesignated STS-401 due to the swap from "Endeavour" to "Discovery". STS-125 was then delayed further, allowing "Discovery" mission STS-119 to fly beforehand. This resulte... | 6,118,953 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
2008, Launch Complex 39B would undergo the conversion for use in Project Constellation for the Ares I-X rocket. Several of the members on the NASA mission management team said at the time (2009) that single-pad operations were possible, but the decision was made to use both pads.
## Crew.
The crew assigned to... | 6,118,954 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
orbiter could collide with the payload bay of the other, resulting in damage to both orbiters. The second option that was evaluated, would be for the rescue orbiter to rendezvous with the damaged orbiter, and perform station-keeping while using its Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to transfer crew from the damag... | 6,118,955 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
decided upon was a modified version of the third concept. The rescue orbiter would use its RMS to grapple the end of the damaged orbiter's RMS.
## Preparations.
After its most recent mission (STS-123), "Endeavour" was taken to the Orbiter Processing Facility for routine maintenance. Following the maintenance,... | 6,118,956 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
one week later.
Since STS-126 launched before STS-125, "Atlantis" was rolled back to the VAB on 20 October, and "Endeavour" rolled around to Launch Pad 39A on 23 October. When it was time to launch STS-125, "Atlantis" rolled out to pad 39A.
## Mission plan.
The Mission would not have included the extended he... | 6,118,957 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
between the airlocks. They would have also transferred a large size Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) and, after McArthur had repressurized, transferred McArthur's EMU back to "Atlantis". Afterwards they would have repressurized on "Endeavour", ending flight day two activities.
The final two EVA were planned ... | 6,118,958 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
to "Endeavour" during the final EVA. They would have been standing by in case the RMS system should malfunction. The damaged orbiter would have been commanded by the ground to deorbit and go through landing procedures over the Pacific, with the impact area being north of Hawaii. On flight day five, "Endeavour" ... | 6,118,959 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
orbiter to begin processing for STS-127. This also allowed NASA to continue processing LC-39B for the upcoming Ares I-X launch, as during the stand-down period, NASA installed a new lightning protection system, similar to those found on the Atlas V and Delta IV pads, to protect the newer, taller Ares I rocket f... | 6,118,960 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
also carry a Multi-Purpose Logistics Module filled with supplies to replenish the station.
The Senate authorized STS-135 as a regular flight on 5 August 2010, followed by the House on 29 September 2010, and later signed by President Obama on 11 October 2010. However funding for the mission remained dependent o... | 6,118,961 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
for NASA's space operations division, including the Space Shuttle and space station programs. According to NASA, the budget running through 30 September 2011 ended all concerns about funding the STS-135 mission.
With the successful completion of STS-134, STS-335 was rendered unnecessary and launch preparations... | 6,118,962 |
2313411 | STS-3xx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-3xx | STS-3xx
the successful completion of STS-134, STS-335 was rendered unnecessary and launch preparations for STS-135 continued as Atlantis neared LC-39A during her rollout as STS-134 landed at the nearby Shuttle Landing Facility.
For the STS-135, no shuttle was available for a rescue mission. A different rescue plan was... | 6,118,963 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
William Wilberforce
William Wilberforce (24 August 1759 – 29 July 1833) was a British politician, philanthropist, and a leader of the movement to abolish the slave trade. A native of Kingston upon Hull, Yorkshire, he began his political career in 1780, eventually becoming an independent Member of P... | 6,118,964 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
became one of the leading English abolitionists. He headed the parliamentary campaign against the British slave trade for twenty years until the passage of the Slave Trade Act of 1807.
Wilberforce was convinced of the importance of religion, morality and education. He championed causes and campaign... | 6,118,965 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
while campaigning for the enslaved abroad.
In later years, Wilberforce supported the campaign for the complete abolition of slavery, and continued his involvement after 1826, when he resigned from Parliament because of his failing health. That campaign led to the Slavery Abolition Act 1833, which a... | 6,118,966 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
of Robert Wilberforce (1728–1768), a wealthy merchant, and his wife, Elizabeth Bird (1730–1798). His grandfather, William (1690–1774 or 1776), had made the family fortune in the maritime trade with Baltic countries, and had twice been elected mayor of Hull.
Wilberforce's staunchly Church of England... | 6,118,967 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
School from 1771 to 1776. Influenced by Methodist scruples, he initially resisted Hull's lively social life, but, as his religious fervour diminished, he embraced theatre-going, attended balls, and played cards.
In October 1776, at the age of 17, Wilberforce went up to St John's College, Cambridge.... | 6,118,968 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
Witty, generous and an excellent conversationalist, Wilberforce was a popular figure. He made many friends including the more studious future Prime Minister William Pitt . Despite his lifestyle and lack of interest in studying, he managed to pass his examinations and was awarded a B.A. in 1781 and a... | 6,118,969 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
a student, Wilberforce was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Kingston upon Hull, spending over £8,000, as was the custom of the time, to ensure he received the necessary votes. Free from financial pressures, Wilberforce sat as an independent, resolving to be "no party man". Criticised at times f... | 6,118,970 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
Madame de Staël described him as the "wittiest man in England" and, according to Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, the Prince of Wales said that he would go anywhere to hear Wilberforce sing.
Wilberforce used his speaking voice to great effect in political speeches; the diarist and author James Bos... | 6,118,971 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
travelled to France for a six-week holiday together. After a difficult start in Rheims, where their presence aroused police suspicion that they were English spies, they visited Paris, meeting Benjamin Franklin, General Lafayette, Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI, and joined the French court at Fontain... | 6,118,972 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
as the chronic eye problems that at times made reading impossible, may have convinced Pitt that his trusted friend was not ministerial material. Wilberforce never sought office and was never offered one. When Parliament was dissolved in the spring of 1784, Wilberforce decided to stand as a candidate... | 6,118,973 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
who had been Fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge, in the year when Wilberforce first went up. They visited the French Riviera and enjoyed the usual pastimes of dinners, cards, and gambling. In February 1785, Wilberforce returned to London temporarily, to support Pitt's proposals for parliamentary r... | 6,118,974 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
to have begun afresh at this time. He started to rise early to read the Bible and pray and kept a private journal. He underwent an evangelical conversion, regretting his past life and resolving to commit his future life and work to the service of God. His conversion changed some of his habits, but n... | 6,118,975 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
in polite society. Evangelicals in the upper classes, such as Sir Richard Hill, the Methodist MP for Shropshire, and Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, were exposed to contempt and ridicule, and Wilberforce's conversion led him to question whether he should remain in public life. He sought gui... | 6,118,976 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
public life. His views were often deeply conservative, opposed to radical changes in a God-given political and social order, and focused on issues such as the observance of the Sabbath and the eradication of immorality through education and reform. As a result, he was often distrusted by progressive... | 6,118,977 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
procedures. He brought forward a bill to extend the measure permitting the dissection after execution of criminals such as rapists, arsonists and thieves. The bill also advocated the reduction of sentences for women convicted of treason, a crime that at the time included a husband's murder. The Hous... | 6,118,978 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
and cotton to Britain, represented about 80 percent of Great Britain's foreign income. British ships dominated the trade, supplying French, Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese and British colonies, and in peak years carried forty thousand enslaved men, women and children across the Atlantic in the horrific c... | 6,118,979 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
while dining with his old Cambridge friend Gerard Edwards, met Rev. James Ramsay, a ship's surgeon who had become a clergyman on the island of St Christopher (later St Kitts) in the Leeward Islands, and a medical supervisor of the plantations there. What Ramsay had witnessed of the conditions endure... | 6,118,980 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
by Ramsay's reports of the depraved lifestyles of slave owners, the cruel treatment meted out to the enslaved, and the lack of Christian instruction provided to the slaves. With their encouragement and help, Ramsay spent three years writing "An essay on the treatment and conversion of African slaves... | 6,118,981 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
However, three years later, and inspired by his new faith, Wilberforce was growing interested in humanitarian reform. In November 1786, he received a letter from Sir Charles Middleton that re-opened his interest in the slave trade. At the urging of Lady Middleton, Sir Charles suggested that Wilberfo... | 6,118,982 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
Thomas Clarkson, a fellow graduate of St John's, Cambridge, who had become convinced of the need to end the slave trade after writing a prize-winning essay on the subject while at Cambridge, called upon Wilberforce at Old Palace Yard with a published copy of the work. This was the first time the two... | 6,118,983 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
of Commons.
It was arranged that Bennet Langton, a Lincolnshire landowner and mutual acquaintance of Wilberforce and Clarkson, would organize a dinner party in order to ask Wilberforce formally to lead the parliamentary campaign. The dinner took place on 13 March 1787; other guests included Charles... | 6,118,984 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
the future Prime Minister William Grenville as they sat under a large oak tree on Pitt's estate in Kent. Under what came to be known as the "Wilberforce Oak" at Holwood, Pitt challenged his friend: "Wilberforce, why don't you give notice of a motion on the subject of the Slave Trade? You have alread... | 6,118,985 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
in the abolition movement was motivated by a desire to put his Christian principles into action and to serve God in public life. He and other evangelicals were horrified by what they perceived was a depraved and un-Christian trade, and the greed and avarice of the owners and traders. Wilberforce sen... | 6,118,986 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
Early parliamentary action.
On 22 May 1787, the first meeting of the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade took place, bringing like-minded British Quakers and Anglicans together in the same organisation for the first time. The committee chose to campaign against the slave trade ra... | 6,118,987 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
researching and collecting first-hand testimony and statistics, while the committee promoted the campaign, pioneering techniques such as lobbying, writing pamphlets, holding public meetings, gaining press attention, organising boycotts and even using a campaign logo: an image of a kneeling slave abo... | 6,118,988 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
slaves Ottobah Cugoano and Olaudah Equiano, who had published influential works on slavery and the slave trade in 1787 and 1789 respectively. They and other free blacks, collectively known as "Sons of Africa", spoke at debating societies and wrote spirited letters to newspapers, periodicals and prom... | 6,118,989 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
the injustices suffered by others.
Wilberforce had planned to introduce a motion giving notice that he would bring forward a bill for the Abolition of the Slave Trade during the 1789 parliamentary session. However, in January 1788, he was taken ill with a probable stress-related condition, now thou... | 6,118,990 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
supportive of abolition, introduced the preparatory motion himself, and ordered a Privy Council investigation into the slave trade, followed by a House of Commons review.
With the publication of the Privy Council report in April 1789 and following months of planning, Wilberforce commenced his parli... | 6,118,991 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
trade would also bring an improvement to the conditions of existing slaves in the West Indies. He moved 12 resolutions condemning the slave trade, but made no reference to the abolition of slavery itself, instead dwelling on the potential for reproduction in the existing slave population should the ... | 6,118,992 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
meantime, Wilberforce and Clarkson tried unsuccessfully to take advantage of the egalitarian atmosphere of the French Revolution to press for France's abolition of the trade, which was, in any event, to be abolished in 1794 as a result of the bloody slave revolt in St. Domingue (later to be known as... | 6,118,993 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
for other causes also besieged him there, and his ante-room was thronged from an early hour, like "Noah's Ark, full of beasts clean and unclean", according to Hannah More.
Interrupted by a general election in June 1790, the committee finally finished hearing witnesses, and in April 1791 with a clos... | 6,118,994 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
the public hysteria of the time that even Wilberforce himself was suspected by some of being a Jacobin agitator.
This was the beginning of a protracted parliamentary campaign, during which Wilberforce's commitment never wavered, despite frustration and hostility. He was supported in his work by fel... | 6,118,995 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
home after Thornton's marriage in 1796. The "Saints" were an informal community, characterised by considerable intimacy as well as a commitment to practical Christianity and an opposition to slavery. They developed a relaxed family atmosphere, wandering freely in and out of each other's homes and ga... | 6,118,996 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
of sustaining a well-ordered society, trade and cultivation. Inspired in part by the utopian vision of Granville Sharp, they became involved in the establishment in 1792 of a free colony in Sierra Leone with black settlers from Britain, Nova Scotia and Jamaica, as well as native Africans and some wh... | 6,118,997 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
The colony, although troubled at times, was to become a symbol of anti-slavery in which residents, communities and African tribal chiefs, worked together to prevent enslavement at the source, supported by a British naval blockade to stem the region's slave trade.
On 2 April 1792, Wilberforce again ... | 6,118,998 |
50226 | William Wilberforce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Wilberforce | William Wilberforce
more than a clever ploy, with the intention of ensuring that total abolition would be delayed indefinitely.
## War with France.
On 26 February 1793, another vote to abolish the slave trade was narrowly defeated by eight votes. The outbreak of war with France the same month effectively prevented an... | 6,118,999 |
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