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12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
and temporal masking; auditory performance in competing acoustic signals (including dichotic listening); and auditory performance with degraded acoustic signals".
The Committee of UK Medical Professionals Steering the UK Auditory Processing Disorder Research Program have developed the following working definition of Auditory Processing Disorder: "APD results from impaired neural function and is characterized by poor recognition, discrimination, separation, grouping, localization, or ordering of speech sounds. It does not solely result from a deficit in general attention, language or other cognitive processes."
## Types of testing.
1. The SCAN-C for children and SCAN-A for adolescents and | 6,134,900 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
adults are the most common tools for screening and diagnosing APD in the USA. Both tests are standardized on a large number of subjects and include validation data on subjects with auditory processing disorders. The test batteries include screening tests: norm-based criterion-referenced scores; diagnostic tests: scaled scores, percentile ranks and ear advantage scores for all tests except the Gap Detection test. The four tests include four subsets on which the subject scores are derived include: discrimination of monaurally presented single words against background noise (speech in noise), acoustically degraded single words (filtered words), dichotically presented single words and sentences.
2. | 6,134,901 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT) is also a standardized test. It assesses an individual’s gap detection threshold of tones and white noise. The exam includes stimuli at four different frequencies (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz) and white noise clicks of 50 ms duration. It is a useful test because it provides an index of auditory temporal resolution. In children, an overall gap detection threshold greater than 20 ms means they have failed and may have an auditory processing disorder based on abnormal perception of sound in the time domain.
3. Gaps in Noise Test (GIN) also measures temporal resolution by testing the patient's gap detection threshold in white noise.
4. Pitch Patterns Sequence | 6,134,902 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
Test (PPT) and Duration Patterns Sequence Test (DPT) measure auditory pattern identification. The PPS has s series of three tones presented at either of two pitches (high or low). Meanwhile, the DPS has a series of three tones that vary in duration rather than pitch (long or short). Patients are then asked to describe the pattern of pitches presented.
5. Masking Level Difference (MLD) at 500 Hz measures overlapping temporal processing, binaural processing, and low-redundancy by measuring the difference in threshold of an auditory stimulus when a masking noise is presented in and out of phase.
## Modality-specificity and controversies.
The issue of modality-specificity has led to considerable | 6,134,903 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
debate among experts in this field. Cacace and McFarland have argued that APD should be defined as a "modality-specific" perceptual dysfunction that is not due to peripheral hearing loss. They criticise more inclusive conceptualizations of APD as lacking diagnostic specificity. A requirement for modality-specificity could potentially avoid including children whose poor auditory performance is due to general factors such as poor attention or memory. Others, however, have argued that a modality-specific approach is too narrow, and that it would miss children who had genuine perceptual problems affecting both visual and auditory processing. It is also impractical, as audiologists do not have access | 6,134,904 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
to standardized tests that are visual analogs of auditory tests. The debate over this issue remains unresolved. It is clear, however, that a modality-specific approach will diagnose fewer children with APD than a modality-general one, and that the latter approach runs a risk of including children who fail auditory tests for reasons other than poor auditory processing. Although modality-specific testing has been advocated for well over a decade, to date no tests have been published which would allow audiologists to perform a modality-specific evaluation (i.e., no clinical versions of visual analogs to auditory processing tests exist).
Another controversy concerns the fact that most traditional | 6,134,905 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
tests of APD use verbal materials. The British Society of Audiology has embraced Moore's (2006) recommendation that tests for APD should assess processing of "non-speech sounds". The concern is that if verbal materials are used to test for APD, then children may fail because of limited language ability. An analogy may be drawn with trying to listen to sounds in a foreign language. It is much harder to distinguish between sounds or to remember a sequence of words in a language you do not know well: the problem is not an auditory one, but rather due to lack of expertise in the language.
In recent years there have been additional criticisms of some popular tests for diagnosis of APD. Tests that | 6,134,906 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
use tape-recorded American English have been shown to over-identify APD in speakers of other forms of English. Performance on a battery of non-verbal auditory tests devised by the Medical Research Council's Institute of Hearing Research was found to be heavily influenced by non-sensory task demands, and indices of APD had low reliability when this was controlled for. This research undermines the validity of APD as a distinct entity in its own right and suggests that the use of the term "disorder" itself is unwarranted. In a recent review of such diagnostic issues, it was recommended that children with suspected auditory processing impairments receive a holistic psychometric assessment including | 6,134,907 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
general intellectual ability, auditory memory, and attention, phonological processing, language, and literacy. The authors state that "a clearer understanding of the relative contributions of perceptual and non-sensory, unimodal and supramodal factors to performance on psychoacoustic tests may well be the key to unravelling the clinical presentation of these individuals."
Depending on how it is defined, APD may share common symptoms with ADD/ADHD, specific language impairment, and autism spectrum disorders. A review showed substantial evidence for atypical processing of auditory information in children with autism. Dawes and Bishop noted how specialists in audiology and speech-language pathology | 6,134,908 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
often adopted different approaches to child assessment, and they concluded their review as follows: "We regard it as crucial that these different professional groups work together in carrying out assessment, treatment and management of children and undertaking cross-disciplinary research." In practice, this seems rare.
To ensure that APD is correctly diagnosed, the examiners must differentiate APD from other disorders with similar symptoms. Factors that should be taken into account during the diagnosis are: attention, auditory neuropathy, fatigue, hearing and sensitivity, intellectual and developmental age, medications, motivation, motor skills, native language and language experience, response | 6,134,909 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
strategies and decision-making style, and visual acuity.
It should also be noted that children under the age of seven cannot be evaluated correctly because their language and auditory processes are still developing. In addition, the presence of APD cannot be evaluated when a child's primary language is not English.
## Characteristics.
The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders state that children with Auditory Processing Disorder often:
- have trouble paying attention to and remembering information presented orally, and may cope better with visually acquired information
- have problems carrying out multi-step directions given orally; need to hear only one direction | 6,134,910 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
at a time
- have poor listening skills
- need more time to process information
- have low academic performance
- have behavior problems
- have language difficulties (e.g., they confuse syllable sequences and have problems developing vocabulary and understanding language)
- have difficulty with reading, comprehension, spelling, and vocabulary
APD can manifest as problems determining the direction of sounds, difficulty perceiving differences between speech sounds and the sequencing of these sounds into meaningful words, confusing similar sounds such as "hat" with "bat", "there" with "where", etc. Fewer words may be perceived than were actually said, as there can be problems detecting the | 6,134,911 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
gaps between words, creating the sense that someone is speaking unfamiliar or nonsense words. In addition, it is common for APD to cause speech errors involving the distortion and substitution of consonant sounds. Those suffering from APD may have problems relating what has been said with its meaning, despite obvious recognition that a word has been said, as well as repetition of the word. Background noise, such as the sound of a radio, television or a noisy bar can make it difficult to impossible to understand speech, since spoken words may sound distorted either into irrelevant words or words that don't exist, depending on the severity of the auditory processing disorder. Using a telephone | 6,134,912 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
can be problematic for someone with auditory processing disorder, in comparison with someone with normal auditory processing, due to low quality audio, poor signal, intermittent sounds and the chopping of words. Many who have auditory processing disorder subconsciously develop visual coping strategies, such as lip reading, reading body language, and eye contact, to compensate for their auditory deficit, and these coping strategies are not available when using a telephone.
As noted above, the status of APD as a distinct disorder has been queried, especially by speech-language pathologists and psychologists, who note the overlap between clinical profiles of children diagnosed with APD and those | 6,134,913 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
with other forms of specific learning disability. Many audiologists, however, would dispute that APD is just an alternative label for dyslexia, SLI, or ADHD, noting that although it often co-occurs with these conditions, it can be found in isolation.
## Subcategories.
Based on sensitized measures of auditory dysfunction and on psychological assessment, patients can be subdivided into seven subcategories:
- 1. middle ear dysfunction
- 2. mild cochlear pathology
- 3. central/medial olivocochlear efferent system (MOCS) auditory dysfunction
- 4. purely psychological problems
- 5. multiple auditory pathologies
- 6. combined auditory dysfunction and psychological problems
- 7. unknown
Different | 6,134,914 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
subgroups may represent different pathogenic and aetiological factors. Thus, subcategorization provides further understanding of the basis of Auditory Processing Disorder, and hence may guide the rehabilitative management of these patients.This was suggested by Professor Dafydd Stephens and F Zhao at the Welsh Hearing Institute, Cardiff University.
# Treatment.
Treatment of APD typically focuses on three primary areas: changing learning environment, developing higher-order skills to compensate for the disorder, and remediation of the auditory deficit itself. However, there is a lack of well-conducted evaluations of intervention using randomized controlled trial methodology. Most evidence for | 6,134,915 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
effectiveness adopts weaker standards of evidence, such as showing that performance improves after training. This does not control for possible influences of practice, maturation, or placebo effects. Recent research has shown that practice with basic auditory processing tasks (i.e. auditory training) may improve performance on auditory processing measures and phonemic awareness measures. Changes after auditory training have also been recorded at the physiological level. Many of these tasks are incorporated into computer-based auditory training programs such as Earobics and Fast ForWord, an adaptive software available at home and in clinics worldwide, but overall, evidence for effectiveness of | 6,134,916 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
these computerised interventions in improving language and literacy is not impressive. One small-scale uncontrolled study reported successful outcomes for children with APD using auditory training software.
Treating additional issues related to APD can result in success. For example, treatment for phonological disorders (difficulty in speech) can result in success in terms of both the phonological disorder as well as APD. In one study, speech therapy improved auditory evoked potentials (a measure of brain activity in the auditory portions of the brain).
While there is evidence that language training is effective for improving APD, there is no current research supporting the following APD treatments:
- | 6,134,917 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
Auditory Integration Training typically involves a child attending two 30-minute sessions per day for ten days.
- Lindamood-Bell Learning Processes (particularly, the Visualizing and Verbalizing program)
- Physical activities that require frequent crossing of the midline (e.g., occupational therapy)
- Sound Field Amplification
- Neuro-Sensory Educational Therapy
- Neurofeedback
However, use of a FM transmitter has been shown to produce significant improvements over time with children.
# History.
Samuel J. Kopetzky, who first described the condition in 1948. P. F. King, first discussed the aetiological factors behind it in 1954. Helmer Myklebust's 1954 study, "Auditory Disorders in Children". | 6,134,918 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
suggested auditory processing disorder was separate from language learning difficulties. His work sparked interest in auditory deficits after acquired brain lesions affecting the temporal lobes and led to additional work looking at the physiological basis of auditory processing, but it was not until the late seventies and early eighties that research began on APD in depth.
In 1977, the first conference on the topic of APD was organized by Robert W. Keith, Ph.D. at the University of Cincinnati. The proceedings of that conference was published by Grune and Stratton under the title "Central Auditory Dysfunction" (Keith RW Ed.) That conference started a new series of studies focusing on APD in | 6,134,919 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
children. Virtually all tests currently used to diagnose APD originate from this work. These early researchers also invented many of the auditory training approaches, including interhemispheric transfer training and interaural intensity difference training. This period gave us a rough understanding of the causes and possible treatment options for APD.
Much of the work in the late nineties and 2000s has been looking to refining testing, developing more sophisticated treatment options, and looking for genetic risk factors for APD. Scientists have worked on improving behavioral tests of auditory function, neuroimaging, electroacoustic, and electrophysiologic testing. Working with new technology | 6,134,920 |
12328438 | Auditory processing disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auditory%20processing%20disorder | Auditory processing disorder
ology has led to a number of software programs for auditory training. With global awareness of mental disorders and increasing understanding of neuroscience, auditory processing is more in the public and academic consciousness than ever before.
# See also.
- Cocktail party effect
- Dafydd Stephens
- Hearing loss
- List of eponymous diseases
- Amblyaudia
- Auditory verbal agnosia
- Cortical deafness
- Echoic memory
- Language processing
- Spatial hearing loss
- Music-specific disorders
# External links.
- Auditory processing disorder: An overview for the clinician
- American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)
- UK Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research) | 6,134,921 |
12328483 | Mahamaya Girls' College, Kandy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahamaya%20Girls'%20College,%20Kandy | Mahamaya Girls' College, Kandy
Mahamaya Girls' College, Kandy
Mahamaya Girls’ College is a public girls' school in Kandy, Sri Lanka. Located in the centre of Kandy, overlooking the Kandy Lake, the school is named after Queen Mahamaya, the mother of Prince Siddhartha, the Lord Buddha.
# History.
Mahamaya Girl’s College Kandy was founded in 1932 by the "Sadhachara Kulangana Samithiya" led by Lady Sarah Soysa and Chitravo Ratwatte. The first classroom was in the West Cliffe Bungalow which was bought from Anagarika Dharmapala together with of land adjoining the property which belonged to Arthur Fernando. National leaders like Anagarika Dharmapala, D. B. Jayatilaka, P. de S. Kularatna, G. P. Malalasekare and C. W. W. Kannangara | 6,134,922 |
12328483 | Mahamaya Girls' College, Kandy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahamaya%20Girls'%20College,%20Kandy | Mahamaya Girls' College, Kandy
contributed to the college.
## Chronology of notable events.
- 14 January 1932 - Mahamaya Girls' College was founded under the name "Buddhist Girls' College" with sixteen registered students.
- 1938 - renamed as Mahamaya Girls' College.
- December 1960 - Mahamaya was taken over for State Administration.
- 1982 - Mahamaya received the National School status.
- 1990 - auditorium was completed.
- 2000 - swimming pool was completed.
# The college today.
There are 4,000 students, 185 female teachers and 15 male teachers. Therevada Buddhism is an integral part of the school's education system, as it is in all Sri Lankan Buddhist public schools. Students are divided among four houses. The | 6,134,923 |
12328483 | Mahamaya Girls' College, Kandy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahamaya%20Girls'%20College,%20Kandy | Mahamaya Girls' College, Kandy
housing system is primarily used for sporting events and house debates.
# Education.
Mahamaya Girls' College is divided into a primary section and a secondary school section. The primary school which consists of grades 1 through 5 is located near the secondary school. The primary school looks over the Kandy Lake. The secondary school consists of grades 6 through 13. Each grade has seven classes, and each class consists of around forty students.
The school has facilities for science, commerce, mathematics, languages and biology A/L schemes. It produces nationally high-ranking students, evidenced by the all-island positions received by students who sit for the national Ordinary Level and Advanced | 6,134,924 |
12328483 | Mahamaya Girls' College, Kandy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahamaya%20Girls'%20College,%20Kandy | Mahamaya Girls' College, Kandy
Level examinations. It has been ranked in the top three over the years among all the girls' schools in Sri Lanka in the preference rankings based on year 5 scholarship examinees' demand.
# Sports and extracurricular activities.
The school has a number of nationally ranking student-athletes, who are involved in sports ranging from track and field to swimming. In addition to partaking in many national sporting events, the school holds an annual sports-meet, which is an intra-school competition.
The school has a Western music band, an Eastern music band, a Western music choir and a traditional Sri Lankan dance team. The award-winning Literary, Music and Drama Society of the school takes part | 6,134,925 |
12328483 | Mahamaya Girls' College, Kandy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahamaya%20Girls'%20College,%20Kandy | Mahamaya Girls' College, Kandy
in national drama competitions. The first Observational Astronomy Competition in South Asia was organised by the Anandian Astronomical Association of Ananda College, Colombo together with the Astronomical Society of Mahamaya Girls’ College.
# Song and flag.
The school flag, crest and the school song in Sinhala were introduced during the tenure of Ms. Soma Pujitha Gunewardena as Principal. The first school song in English was introduced by Principal Mrs. Bertha Rogers Ratwatte.
# Houses.
The students are divided into four Houses:
- – Sangamiththa
- – Maya
- – Yasodhara
- – Prajapathi
The house names are derived from Buddhist history. The houses compete in inter-house games and competitions | 6,134,926 |
12328483 | Mahamaya Girls' College, Kandy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahamaya%20Girls'%20College,%20Kandy | Mahamaya Girls' College, Kandy
as well as the college sports-meet held in the month of January every year.
# Mahamaya College Alumnae Association Sydney.
Mahamaya College Alumnae Sydney, the association for former students of the Mahamaya Girls' College was formed by ten former students of Mahamaya Girls College to help their Alma Mater. The association was formed in February 2012 and is a non-profit organisation that unites the network of current and former Mayans in Sydney. They call themselves Sydney Mayans and is a voluntary benevolent association of the past pupils of Mahamaya Girls College now living in Sydney Australia.
As a fully incorporated non-profit organisation, Sydney Mayans support projects such as maintaining | 6,134,927 |
12328483 | Mahamaya Girls' College, Kandy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahamaya%20Girls'%20College,%20Kandy | Mahamaya Girls' College, Kandy
ayans support projects such as maintaining an archive of relevant media and information, supporting school-related projects and organising reunions for alumnae. Beyond the networking of the organisation, Sydney Mayans publicize projects help the disadvantaged in Sri Lanka. Any Past student living in Australia can register with Mahamaya College Sydney Alumnae Association.
# External links.
- Colours Awards at Mahamaya Girls College, Kandy
- Colombo Branch of the Past Pupils’ Association of Mahamaya Girls’ College
- Mahamaya Girl's College Alumnae Association of North America
- Mahamaya Alumnae Association Sydney
- 'Maya Puwath' Mahamaya Alumni newsletter
- Mahamaya Girls' college Kandy | 6,134,928 |
12328532 | A Woman's Touch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Woman's%20Touch | A Woman's Touch
A Woman's Touch
A Woman's Touch is the seventeenth studio album by singer and songwriter, Thelma Houston. "A Woman's Touch" is an album that consists of her renditions of vintage R&B and Pop songs by male singers such as Luther Vandross, Glen Campbell, Marvin Gaye and Sting. The lead single from the album is "Brand New Day."
# Track listing.
- 1. "Wake Up Everybody" (Victor Carstarphen, Gene McFadden)
- 2. "Never Too Much" (Luther Vandross)
- 3. "Brand New Day" (Sting)
- 4. "Ain't That Peculiar" (Smokey Robinson, Warren "Pete" Moore, Marvin Tarplin, Robert Rogers)
- 5. "By the Time I Get to Phoenix" (Jimmy Webb)
- 6. "Distant Lover" (Marvin Gaye, Gwen Fuqua, Sandra Greene)
- 7. "Love | 6,134,929 |
12328532 | A Woman's Touch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A%20Woman's%20Touch | A Woman's Touch
ampbell, Marvin Gaye and Sting. The lead single from the album is "Brand New Day."
# Track listing.
- 1. "Wake Up Everybody" (Victor Carstarphen, Gene McFadden)
- 2. "Never Too Much" (Luther Vandross)
- 3. "Brand New Day" (Sting)
- 4. "Ain't That Peculiar" (Smokey Robinson, Warren "Pete" Moore, Marvin Tarplin, Robert Rogers)
- 5. "By the Time I Get to Phoenix" (Jimmy Webb)
- 6. "Distant Lover" (Marvin Gaye, Gwen Fuqua, Sandra Greene)
- 7. "Love and Happiness" (Mabon "Teenie" Hodges)
- 8. "Disco Heat"/"Mighty Real" (James Wirrick, Eric Robinson)
- 9. "That's the Way of the World" (Maurice White, Charles Stepney, Verdine White)
- 10. "Please Send Me Someone to Love" (Percy Mayfield) | 6,134,930 |
12328495 | American Soldier (song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20Soldier%20(song) | American Soldier (song)
American Soldier (song)
"American Soldier" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released in November 2003 as the second single from his album "Shock'n Y'all". It became a number one hit on the "Billboard" U.S. Hot Country Songs chart, keeping the top spot for four weeks. Keith wrote the song with Chuck Cannon.
# Background and writing.
Keith said that the song was written "for all the times that I get to meet the troops on these USO tours, and since Courtesy of Red, White, and Blue, the P.O.W.s and the families that have come and brought me back my old CD covers and stuff that they had and shown how much support they had (for me), this is my | 6,134,931 |
12328495 | American Soldier (song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20Soldier%20(song) | American Soldier (song)
support for the American fighting men and women."
# Content.
"American Soldier" is about an American in the Army Reserves. As he gets dressed and packs his bags for deployment, various clips show soldiers from different wars in different time periods in U.S. history, such as the Civil War and World War II. Although each soldier is in a different battle and time period, notably the American Civil War, World War I, World War II, Vietnam War and Iraq War; but all of them exemplify the traits of an American soldier - just, loyal, fearless and brave. Meanwhile, the family arrives at a U.S. military base where he will be flown off to training camp. After saying goodbye to his wife and children, | 6,134,932 |
12328495 | American Soldier (song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20Soldier%20(song) | American Soldier (song)
he boards a cargo plane, ready to serve his country.
# Critical reception.
Ray Waddell, of "Billboard" magazine reviewed the song favorably, saying that Keith "makes his politics readily apparent on the gentle, powerful" song.
# Commercial performance.
This song debuted at number 53 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart on the chart dated November 22, 2003, at the same time that his single "I Love This Bar" was at Number One. It was certified Platinum by the RIAA on December 10, 2013, slightly more than ten years after its release. The song reached its millionth digital sales mark in the US in January 2017, and has sold 1,032,000 as of July 2017.
# Music video.
The music video | 6,134,933 |
12328495 | American Soldier (song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20Soldier%20(song) | American Soldier (song)
was directed by Michael Salomon and was released on December 13, 2003. It was filmed on location at Edwards Air Force Base in Edwards, California and features off-duty soldiers, reservists and their families. The video portrays a man who gets a phone call early one morning to go to war. He gets himself and his family ready in the morning, the guy acting like it's just another day, and they head off to a military base for him to leave for the war. He hugs his wife and kids, and gets on the plane, while his family watches sadly and wave goodbye from the gate as the plane leaves. Inter-cut between this are scenes of soldiers from the Civil War, World War I, World War II, Vietnam, and Desert Storm, | 6,134,934 |
12328495 | American Soldier (song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20Soldier%20(song) | American Soldier (song)
t was filmed on location at Edwards Air Force Base in Edwards, California and features off-duty soldiers, reservists and their families. The video portrays a man who gets a phone call early one morning to go to war. He gets himself and his family ready in the morning, the guy acting like it's just another day, and they head off to a military base for him to leave for the war. He hugs his wife and kids, and gets on the plane, while his family watches sadly and wave goodbye from the gate as the plane leaves. Inter-cut between this are scenes of soldiers from the Civil War, World War I, World War II, Vietnam, and Desert Storm, and shots of Toby performing the song in a military aircraft garage. | 6,134,935 |
12328530 | Prix Fille de l'Air | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prix%20Fille%20de%20l'Air | Prix Fille de l'Air
Prix Fille de l'Air
The Prix Fille de l'Air is a Group 3 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbred fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Toulouse over a distance of 2,100 metres (about 1 mile and 2½ furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in November.
# History.
The event is named after Fille de l'Air, a successful French-trained filly in the 1860s. It was established in 1902, and was originally held at Maisons-Laffitte. It was initially contested over 2,400 metres, and was extended to 2,600 metres in 1906. It reverted to its former length in 1913, and was cut to 2,000 metres the following year.
Due to World War I, the race was abandoned from 1915 to | 6,134,936 |
12328530 | Prix Fille de l'Air | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prix%20Fille%20de%20l'Air | Prix Fille de l'Air
1919. It was transferred to Saint-Cloud in 1921, and restored to 2,400 metres in 1924. It was shortened to 2,100 metres in 1929.
The Prix Fille de l'Air was cancelled twice during World War II, in 1940 and 1941. It was staged at Longchamp in 1942, Le Tremblay in 1943 and Auteuil in 1944. It was held at Longchamp again in 1945, and returned to Saint-Cloud in 1946.
The present system of race grading was introduced in 1971, and the Prix Fille de l'Air was classed at Group 3 level. For a period it took place in June.
The race was moved to late October in 1990, and to November in 1991. It took place at Évry in 1995 and 1996. It was transferred to Toulouse in 1997, and since then it has been usually | 6,134,937 |
12328530 | Prix Fille de l'Air | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prix%20Fille%20de%20l'Air | Prix Fille de l'Air
d at Group 3 level. For a period it took place in June.
The race was moved to late October in 1990, and to November in 1991. It took place at Évry in 1995 and 1996. It was transferred to Toulouse in 1997, and since then it has been usually run on the French public holiday of Armistice Day.
# See also.
- List of French flat horse races
# References.
- France Galop / Racing Post:
- , , , , , , , , ,
- , , , , , , , ,
- france-galop.com – "A Brief History: Prix Fille de l'Air."
- galopp-sieger.de – "Prix Fille de l'Air."
- horseracingintfed.com – "International Federation of Horseracing Authorities – Prix Fille de l'Air (2016)."
- pedigreequery.com – "Prix Fille de l'Air – Toulouse." | 6,134,938 |
12328549 | Ray Herbert Talbot | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ray%20Herbert%20Talbot | Ray Herbert Talbot
Ray Herbert Talbot
Raymond Herbert Talbot (August 19, 1896 – January 30, 1955) was an American politician who served as the 27th Governor of Colorado for eleven days in 1937.
Talbot, an electrical engineer, was elected to the Colorado House of Representatives in 1926 and to the Colorado Senate in 1928. In 1932, he was elected the 26th lieutenant governor as the running mate of Edwin C. Johnson. Johnson resigned as governor on January 1, 1937, eleven days before the expiration of his term, to take his seat in the United States Senate. Talbot was sworn in as governor to fill the eleven-day interim until the start of the term of newly elected Governor Teller Ammons.
After his brief term as governor, | 6,134,939 |
12328549 | Ray Herbert Talbot | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ray%20Herbert%20Talbot | Ray Herbert Talbot
ted to the Colorado House of Representatives in 1926 and to the Colorado Senate in 1928. In 1932, he was elected the 26th lieutenant governor as the running mate of Edwin C. Johnson. Johnson resigned as governor on January 1, 1937, eleven days before the expiration of his term, to take his seat in the United States Senate. Talbot was sworn in as governor to fill the eleven-day interim until the start of the term of newly elected Governor Teller Ammons.
After his brief term as governor, Talbot served as a city commissioner and postmaster of Pueblo, Colorado, and continued in office as president of the Colorado State Fair Commission (1931–53).
# External links.
- State of Colorado biography | 6,134,940 |
12328449 | Deir Ballut | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deir%20Ballut | Deir Ballut
Deir Ballut
Deir Ballut () is a Palestinian town located in the Salfit Governorate in the northern West Bank, south west of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of 3,195 in 2007.
# Location.
Deir Ballut is located west of Salfit. It is bordered by Kafr ad Dik to its east, Al Lubban al Gharbi to the south, Kafr Qasem to the west, and Rafat to the north.
# History.
Sherds from the Iron Age, Roman, Byzantine, Umayyad/Abbasid and Crusader/Ayyubid eras have been found here.
The "great valley" of "Wadi Deir Ballut" was identified by Charles William Wilson (1836–1905) as the boundary between Judaea and Samaria, as defined by first-century historian | 6,134,941 |
12328449 | Deir Ballut | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deir%20Ballut | Deir Ballut
Josephus.
Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi records in 1226 that "Deir al-Ballut was a village of district around ar-Ramla."
## Ottoman era.
In 1838, it was noted as a Muslim village, "Deir Balut", in "Jurat Merda", south of Nablus.
In 1870 Victor Guérin found it to be a village of one hundred and fifty people. However, judging by the extent of the ruins that covered the hill where it stood, Guérin thought it had once been a large city. Most houses were built with large stones.
In 1882 the Palestine Exploration Fund's "Survey of Western Palestine" (SWP) described it as "a small village, partly ruinous, but evidently once a place of greater importance, with rock-cut tombs. The huts are principally | 6,134,942 |
12328449 | Deir Ballut | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deir%20Ballut | Deir Ballut
of stone. The water supply is from wells." To the west of the village are rock-tombs, from a Christian age.
## WWI and British Mandate era.
During World War I#Ottoman Empire conflict, 1917–1918, Deir Ballut was the site of minor engagement between Turkish and British troops on March 12, 1918.
In the a 1922 census of Palestine Deir Ballut had a population of 384 inhabitants, all Muslim, rising to 532 in the 1931 census, still all Muslim, in a total of 91 houses.
In the 1945 statistics the population was 720, all Muslim while the total land area was 14,789 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 508 dunams were for plantations and irrigable land, 3,488 for cereals, | 6,134,943 |
12328449 | Deir Ballut | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deir%20Ballut | Deir Ballut
while 63 dunams were classified as built-up areas.
## Jordanian era.
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Deir Ballut came under Jordanian rule.
In 1961, the population was 1,087.
## Post-1967.
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Deir Ballut has been under Israeli occupation.
After the 1995 accords, only 5.2% of village land is Area B land, while the remainder 94.8% is Area C. Israel has confiscated 171 dunums of village land in for the Israeli settlements of Peduel and Alei Zahav.
# See also.
- Battle of Tell 'Asur
- John Macdonald Aiken
# External links.
- Welcome To Dayr Ballut
- Deir Ballut, IWPS
- Deir Balut, Welcome to Palestine
- | 6,134,944 |
12328449 | Deir Ballut | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deir%20Ballut | Deir Ballut
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- Deir Ballut Town (Fact Sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ)
- Deir Ballut Town Profile, ARIJ
- Aerial photo, ARIJ
- Development Priorities and Needs in Deir Ballut, ARIJ
- New Colonial Activity in Deir Ballut Village - Salfit District, 12 March 2000, POICA
- War against trees and sheep, 10 March 2004, POICA
- Israeli brought wild pigs destroy tens of dunums in Deir Ballut plain, 30 July 2006, POICA
- Kfar Ad Dik and Deir Ballut in Salfit Governorate receive New Land confiscation Order, 10 January 2007, POICA
- Deir Ballut's fruitful olive trees cut for Wall Constructions, 3 March, 2007, POICA
- New Military | 6,134,945 |
12328449 | Deir Ballut | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deir%20Ballut | Deir Ballut
pigs destroy tens of dunums in Deir Ballut plain, 30 July 2006, POICA
- Kfar Ad Dik and Deir Ballut in Salfit Governorate receive New Land confiscation Order, 10 January 2007, POICA
- Deir Ballut's fruitful olive trees cut for Wall Constructions, 3 March, 2007, POICA
- New Military Orders to Halt Construction of Seven Palestinian Houses in the Village of Deir Ballut, 1 October 2007, POICA
- The Israeli Army to demolish an under-construction school in Deir Ballut Village, 14 February 2008, POICA
- New house demolition orders in Deir Ballut village, 19 June 2008, POICA
- Palestinian homes due to be demolished over 'lack of permits' pretext in Deir Ballut Village, 22 September 2010, ARIJ | 6,134,946 |
12328499 | Prix de Flore (horse race) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prix%20de%20Flore%20(horse%20race) | Prix de Flore (horse race)
Prix de Flore (horse race)
The Prix de Flore is a Group 3 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbred fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Saint-Cloud over a distance of 2,100 metres (about 1 mile and 2½ furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late October.
# History.
Despite being scheduled for the autumn, the event is named after Flora, a Roman goddess associated with spring. It was established in 1893, and was originally held at Maisons-Laffitte. It was initially restricted to three-year-olds and contested over 2,000 metres. It was extended to 2,100 metres in 1898.
The race reverted to 2,000 metres in 1913. It was abandoned throughout World War | 6,134,947 |
12328499 | Prix de Flore (horse race) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prix%20de%20Flore%20(horse%20race) | Prix de Flore (horse race)
I, with no running from 1914 to 1918.
The event was switched to Saint-Cloud and increased to 2,100 metres in 1925. It was restored to 2,000 metres in 1935. A longer spell over 2,100 metres began in 1938.
The Prix de Flore was cancelled twice during World War II, in 1939 and 1940. It was staged at Longchamp in 1941 and 1942, Maisons-Laffitte in 1943, and Le Tremblay in 1944. It took place at Longchamp again in 1945 and 1954.
The present system of race grading was introduced in 1971, and the Prix de Flore was classed at Group 3 level. It was opened to older fillies and mares in 1981.
# Winners since 1979.
La Tirana finished first in 1991, but she was relegated to second place following a | 6,134,948 |
12328499 | Prix de Flore (horse race) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prix%20de%20Flore%20(horse%20race) | Prix de Flore (horse race)
1971, and the Prix de Flore was classed at Group 3 level. It was opened to older fillies and mares in 1981.
# Winners since 1979.
La Tirana finished first in 1991, but she was relegated to second place following a stewards' inquiry.
br
# Earlier winners.
- The 1906 race was a dead-heat and has joint winners.
# See also.
- List of French flat horse races
# References.
- France Galop / Racing Post:
- , , , , , , , , ,
- , , , , , , ,
- france-galop.com – "A Brief History: Prix de Flore."
- galopp-sieger.de – "Prix de Flore."
- horseracingintfed.com – "International Federation of Horseracing Authorities – Prix de Flore (2016)."
- pedigreequery.com – "Prix de Flore – Saint-Cloud." | 6,134,949 |
12328559 | Misgurnus fossilis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Misgurnus%20fossilis | Misgurnus fossilis
Misgurnus fossilis
Misgurnus fossilis is a species of loach in the genus "Misgurnus". It is commonly known as European weatherfish or European weather loach, due to its activity patterns changing when air pressure rises or falls. If there is a sudden change in barometric pressure, the weatherfish comes to the surface and swims about excitedly. In water with a low oxygen content it gulps air; it extracts oxygen through its intestinal mucous membrane, which has a complex system of blood vessels. It feeds on thawed frozen blood worms, small fish, brine shrimp, earthworms and some vegetables. It is quite an active loach and can grow to a length of 30 cm.
# Distribution.
The distribution of the | 6,134,950 |
12328559 | Misgurnus fossilis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Misgurnus%20fossilis | Misgurnus fossilis
s on thawed frozen blood worms, small fish, brine shrimp, earthworms and some vegetables. It is quite an active loach and can grow to a length of 30 cm.
# Distribution.
The distribution of the weatherfish stretches from the Seine to the Neva, and from the Danube to the Volga. It lives in still waters of muddy river meanders along the shore, and will survive in conditions which not even the most resistant of carp or tench will put up with. Because of their toleration and quick adaptation to low-oxygen and low visibility environments, they are able to become invasive species when introduced to non-native environments through the aquarium trade.
# See also.
- Loach
- Oriental weather loach | 6,134,951 |
12328552 | Portfolio.com | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portfolio.com | Portfolio.com
Portfolio.com
Portfolio.com was a website published by American City Business Journals that provideed news and information for small to mid-sized businesses (SMB). It was previously the website for the monthly business magazine Condé Nast Portfolio, published by Condé Nast from 2007 to 2009.
Portfolio.com had several interactive features, including "BizWatch," which had updates on companies and executives from selected news sources.
# History.
"Portfolio.com's" April 2007 launch by Condé Nast was heavily reported on due, in part, to its large estimated budget reported to be between $100 million and $125 million (covering multiple years of operation), and to the boldness of the publisher to | 6,134,952 |
12328552 | Portfolio.com | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portfolio.com | Portfolio.com
launch a business magazine at a time when similar magazines such as "BusinessWeek", "Business 2.0", "Forbes", and "Fortune" were struggling to sell advertising space.
In October 2008, the magazine reduced its staff by 20 percent, and changed to publishing only 10 times per year. The stand-alone website, portfolio.com, was merged with other Condé Nast Web sites, with advertising sales for the site handled by Wired Digital.
The magazine announced its closing on April 27, 2009. A sister company, American City Business Journals, took over the website. American City Business Journals is a division of Advance Publications and publishes 40 weekly newspapers about business in local communities and | 6,134,953 |
12328552 | Portfolio.com | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portfolio.com | Portfolio.com
their companion websites. In June 2012 American City Business Journals re-branded the website to "Upstart Business Journal". Upstart Business Journal closed in 2016.
# Staff.
J. Jennings Moss was Portfolio.com's editor. He had been a Managing Editor at FoxNews.com and Senior Editor-News Manager for ABCNews.com among other roles.
As a print magazine, "Portfolio"'s 100-person editorial staff was led by editor-in-chief Joanne Lipman. During her 22-year tenure at "The Wall Street Journal", Lipman was involved in the founding of the "Weekend Journal", as well as the "Personal Journal." The Managing Editor was Jacob Lewis, the Design Director was Robert Priest, the Articles Director was Kyle Pope.
# | 6,134,954 |
12328552 | Portfolio.com | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portfolio.com | Portfolio.com
Content.
Portfolio.com published regular business news stories and comprehensive findings of American City Business Journals’ research studies, which were analyzed by Godfrey Phillips, Vice President for Research at American City Business Journals.
For the first time in 2010, "Portfolio.com" published the results of American City Business Journals’ “SMB Insights: The Business of Brands,” which rated more than 200 business brands across seven key attributes to determine overall rankings of brand strength. Additional studies included information on investing and brand-preferences by SMB owners, how SMB owners are using the Internet to improve their businesses and how SMB are increasingly leveraging | 6,134,955 |
12328552 | Portfolio.com | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portfolio.com | Portfolio.com
earch at American City Business Journals.
For the first time in 2010, "Portfolio.com" published the results of American City Business Journals’ “SMB Insights: The Business of Brands,” which rated more than 200 business brands across seven key attributes to determine overall rankings of brand strength. Additional studies included information on investing and brand-preferences by SMB owners, how SMB owners are using the Internet to improve their businesses and how SMB are increasingly leveraging wireless devices.
"Portfolio.com" launched the U.S. Uncovered series, a monthly collection of exclusive, in-depth analyses of trends, produced by G. Scott Thomas, a nationally recognized demographer. | 6,134,956 |
12328587 | Digital motion X-ray | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital%20motion%20X-ray | Digital motion X-ray
Digital motion X-ray
Digital motion X-ray
Conventional radiography is now used for the recording of motion studies. This method does not employ the use of fluoroscopy that has been the most common use of X-rays but rather uses conventional X-rays.
The manner of recording a motion study is to couple an X-ray system with a digital computer and a detection system that records images in real time.
Example: The A2D2, Inc. Model 1713 is a digital system that is capable of recording static images or a dynamic sequence.
Static images are recorded in a 5,000 by 4,000 pixel array with 14 bit capacity. These images are stored in the computer memory for recording and/or playback. Dynamic studies are | 6,134,957 |
12328587 | Digital motion X-ray | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital%20motion%20X-ray | Digital motion X-ray
recorded in real time at a rate of 30 frames per second with resolution of 1990 by 1200 pixels. Typically, one second of data recording is required for a complete motion study at 30 frames per second. Sophisticated software is used to automatically record the study and then to cause it to playback in a bi-directional format.
Patient radiation dose is minimal over the one second time frame. Typical radiation dose is approximately 2 mSv for this one second period. Any form of joint motion can be recorded and analyzed.
# References.
1. Bill O'Neill inventor of and leader in non-fluoroscopic digital motion x-ray technology.
1. Hino H, Abumi K, Kanayama M, Kaneda K. Dynamic Motion analysis of | 6,134,958 |
12328587 | Digital motion X-ray | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital%20motion%20X-ray | Digital motion X-ray
normal and unstable cervical spines using cineradiography. An "in vivo" study. Spine, 1999 Jan 15;24(2): 163-8.
2. Motomochi M, et al., Diagnosis of Abnormal Spine Motion with Cineradiography. No Shinkei Geka. 1978 Nov; 6(11): 1077-82.
3. Ruey-Mo Lin, MD, et al., Characteristics of Sagittal Vertebral Alignment in Flexion Determined by Dynamic Radiographs of the Cervical Spine. Spine, 2001 Vol 26, (3), 256-261.
4. Youhimoto H, et al., Kinematic Evaluation of Atlantoaxial Joint Instability: An "In Vivo" Cineradiographic Investigation. Journal of Spinal Disorders 14, (1), 21-31.
5. Gavin, T. et al., Biomechanical analysis of cervical orthroses in Flexion: A comparison of cervical collars and | 6,134,959 |
12328587 | Digital motion X-ray | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital%20motion%20X-ray | Digital motion X-ray
Cervicothoracic orthroses. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development. Vol 40 (6), Nov/Dec 2003, 527-538.
6. Krakenes J, et al., MRI Assessment of the Alar Ligaments in the Late State of Injury: A Study of Structural Abnormalities and observer Agreement. Neuroradiology. 2002, 44: 617-624.
7. Panjabi M, et al., Injury Mechanisms of the Cervical Intervertebral Disc During Stimulated Whiplash. Spine. 29, No 11, 2004, 1217-1225.
8. Waldman S. et al., Atlanto-Occipital and Atlantoaxial Injections in the Treatment of Headache and Neck Pain. Interventional Pain Management. 1996, W. B. Saunders, pp 219–222.
9. Bogduk, N., Cervicogenic Headache: Anatomic Basis and Pathophysiologic Mechanisms. | 6,134,960 |
12328587 | Digital motion X-ray | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital%20motion%20X-ray | Digital motion X-ray
Curr. Pain Headache Rep. 2001 Aug: 5(4): 382-6.
10. Bogduk N, Yogananandan N, Biomechanics of the Cervical Spine Part 3: Minor Injuries, Clinical Biomechanics, 2001 May; 16(4): 267-75.
11. Mercer S, Bogduk N. The Ligaments and Annulus Fibrosus of Human Adult Cervical Intervertebral Discs. Spine 1999 Apr 1; 24(7): 619-26.
12. Bogduk N, Lord SM. Cervical Spine Disorders. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1998 Mar: 10(2): 110-5.
13. Wallis BJ, et al., The Psychological Profiles of Patients with Whiplash-Associated Headache. Cephalgia. 1998 Oct; 18(2):101-5.
14. Lord SM, et al., Chronic Cervical Zygapophyseal Joint Pain After Whiplash. A placebo-controlled Prevalence Study. Spine. 1996 Aug 1; 21(15): 1737-44.
15. | 6,134,961 |
12328587 | Digital motion X-ray | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital%20motion%20X-ray | Digital motion X-ray
Cocchiarella L, et al., American Medical Association Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. Fifth Edition. 15.6 DRE Cervical Spine, 15.6a Criteria For Rating Impairment Due to Cervical Disorders.
16. Greenman P, Principals of Manual Medicine, Williams and Wilkins, 1996 Chapter 13: The Cervical Spine, 175-204.
17. Netter F, The CIBA Collection of Medial Illustrations, Vol 8, Part 1, pp 10–13.
18. Occupational Medicine Practice Guide-lines, Second Edition, American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2004, Chapter 8.
19. Weiner RS, "Pain Management: A Practical Guide for Clinicians, Sixth Editi"on, DC Press, 2001. pp 395–396.
20. Dwyer A., et al., Cervical Zyagopophyseal | 6,134,962 |
12328587 | Digital motion X-ray | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital%20motion%20X-ray | Digital motion X-ray
uide-lines, Second Edition, American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2004, Chapter 8.
19. Weiner RS, "Pain Management: A Practical Guide for Clinicians, Sixth Editi"on, DC Press, 2001. pp 395–396.
20. Dwyer A., et al., Cervical Zyagopophyseal Joint Pain Patterns. II: A Study in Normal Volunteers, Spine 15: 453-447, 1990.
21. Bogduk N, Marsland A: The Cervical Zygapophyseal Joints As a Source of Neck Pain. Spine 13: 610-617, 1988.
22. National Guideline Clearing House (NGC), [2]. Search video fluoroscopy, Select: vertebral subluxation in Chiropractic Practice, Council on Chiropractic Practice - Private Nonprofit Organization. 1998 (revised 2003). 201 pages. NGC:003438. | 6,134,963 |
12328612 | Samia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samia | Samia
Samia
Samia may refer to:
# People.
- Samia (name)
- Samiya (disambiguation)
- Samia tribe (Luhya) (or Abasamia), a Luhya tribe in western Kenya and southeastern Uganda
# Places.
- North Samia and South Samia, two administrative locations in Funyula division of Busia County in Western Kenya
- Samia, Iran, a village in Bushehr Province, Iran
- Samia, Niger, a town near Zinder
# Other uses.
- "Samia" (moth), a Saturniinae moth genus
- "Samia" (play), a play by Menander
- "Samia", a film produced by Humbert Balsan | 6,134,964 |
12328560 | Deas Vail | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deas%20Vail | Deas Vail
Deas Vail
Deas Vail () is an alternative rock band whose lyrics are influenced by their members' Christian faith. The band's name is a combination of Latin and old French, roughly translated as "humble servant of God." Their eponymous third full-length album earned them slots at Bonnaroo and a headlining performance at CMJ.
# History.
Noted for having musical similarities to Death Cab for Cutie, Mew, Copeland, and Mae, Deas Vail was formed in the university town of Russellville, Arkansas in 2003. After a couple of years of touring, Deas Vail signed to Brave New World Records (founded by producer Mark Lee Townsend) in 2005. In the fall of 2006, they released the Collapse EP. Sales for the EP | 6,134,965 |
12328560 | Deas Vail | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deas%20Vail | Deas Vail
through touring alone exceeded 2,500 units. Deas Vail toured across the nation that year with artists such as The New Frontiers and The Tide.
In late 2006, the band entered the studio again with Mark Lee Townsend to finish their first indie label LP, "All the Houses Look the Same". The album was nationally released on March 6, 2007 and featured in magazines such as "Alternative Press", "Relevant Magazine", and "Hard Music Magazine". Another EP, "White Lights EP", was released on August 26, 2008. Their album "Birds and Cages" was released on October 27, 2009 through the revived label Mono vs Stereo, available through the band's website, via iTunes, and on tour. The album had a full physical | 6,134,966 |
12328560 | Deas Vail | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deas%20Vail | Deas Vail
release on January 26, 2010.
In September 2009, the band toured with Mae, followed by a tour with Owl City and Lights in early 2010. In March and April 2010, Deas Vail toured as an opening band for Copeland on their farewell tour. Deas Vail performed as part of the 2010 Vans Warped Tour from August 1 through August 15. In late 2010, two-fifths of Deas Vail, Wes Blaylock and Andy Moore, performed as an acoustic duo to open a set of Christmas-themed shows with Sherwood and Relient K.
In the music video for "Excuses", all band members were seen wearing an armband with a key attached to it on their left forearm. When questioned at their concert with Owl City and Lights at the Varsity Theatre in | 6,134,967 |
12328560 | Deas Vail | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deas%20Vail | Deas Vail
Baton Rouge, LA, Laura Blaylock stated, "The keys are kind of from our new album "Birds & Cages" and they represent freedom from cages."
By October 2010, the band had begun working on their new self-titled album, which was released October 11, 2011. On May 25, 2011, they released a lyric video of their song "Sixteen", with another video, "Summer Forgets Me", premiering on Alt Press' website nearly a month later.
On October 10, 2011, they released their album Deas Vail a day earlier than planned on Amazon at a discounted price. Shortly after, on November 29, 2011, they released a 4-track Christmas EP entitled "For Shepherds and Kings." This EP contains Deas Vail's take on a few traditional | 6,134,968 |
12328560 | Deas Vail | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deas%20Vail | Deas Vail
s and Kings." This EP contains Deas Vail's take on a few traditional Christmas songs as well as a slightly edited lyrical version of the less traditional "Coventry Carol."
Wesley Blaylock released his first solo EP in June 2012. Wesley's sister Hannah Blaylock as well as Laura Blaylock are featured in two of the album's tracks.
# Band members.
- Wesley Blaylock – Piano, Lead vocals
- Laura Blaylock – Backup Vocals, Keyboards, Synthesizers
- Justin Froning – Bass Guitar
- Wes Saunders – Drums, Percussion
- Andy Moore – Guitars
# See also.
- Mark Lee Townsend
# External links.
- Deas Vail at CD Baby
- Full Review of 'Birds & Cages' on The Album Project
- Deas Vail at Absolute Punk | 6,134,969 |
12328598 | Stephen Szabo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stephen%20Szabo | Stephen Szabo
Stephen Szabo
Stephen F. Szabo is a prominent scholar of German-American and transatlantic relations. He has authored numerous articles and books on the state of transatlantic political and security matters, most notably "Parting Ways: The Crisis in German-American Relations" (2004) about the deterioration of the relationship between Washington and Berlin in the run-up to the second Iraq War and "The Diplomacy of German Reunification" (1992) that attributes German reunification to skillful political leadership and adept negotiations by well-positioned German and American political elites.
Currently, Szabo is Executive Director of the Transatlantic Academy (TAA), which is a partnership between | 6,134,970 |
12328598 | Stephen Szabo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stephen%20Szabo | Stephen Szabo
the German Marshall Fund, the Zeit-Stiftung Ebelin und Gerd Bucerius of Hamburg, Germany, and the Robert Bosch Foundation is a forum for research and dialogue between scholars, policy experts, and authors from both sides of the Atlantic. The TAA's purpose is to strengthen the transatlantic partnership by bringing together Fellows to conduct intensive research and discussion on a single topic for a year, with the goal of introducing their research findings into the policy discussions on both sides of the Atlantic.
Prior to joining the German Marshall Fund, Szabo had been with the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, where he served as Academic and | 6,134,971 |
12328598 | Stephen Szabo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stephen%20Szabo | Stephen Szabo
ced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, where he served as Academic and Interim Dean as well as Professor of European Studies. Prior to that he had served as Professor of National Security Affairs at the National Defense University and Chairman of West European Studies at the Foreign Service Institute, U.S. Department of State. He has written on German foreign and security policies, generational politics in Europe, and transatlantic security and political relations.
Szabo received his PhD from Georgetown University in political science and a B.A. and M.A from the School of International Service, the American University. He speaks fluent German in addition to his native English. | 6,134,972 |
12328577 | Sachima | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sachima | Sachima
Sachima
Sachima (), also called "sàqímǎ" or "shāqímǎ", is a common Chinese pastry, originated among Manchus in Northeast China. Sachima has spread throughout all of China. Its decoration and flavor vary in different regional Chinese cuisine, but the appearance of all versions is essentially the same. It is made of fluffy strands of fried batter bound together with a stiff sugar syrup, showing similarity to American Rice Krispies Treats, but without the marshmallows. Instead, it has different ingredients that makes it sweet.
# Manchu.
In Manchu cuisine originally, "sachima" is a sweet snack. It mainly consists of flour, butter, and rock sugar. It is now popular in mainland China among children | 6,134,973 |
12328577 | Sachima | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sachima | Sachima
and adults.
# Cantonese.
The Cantonese pastry version of "sachima" is slightly sweet. It is also made of essentially the same ingredients as the other varieties of "sachima". It is often sprinkled with sesame seeds, raisins or dried coconut. The Cantonese variety of "sachima" ranges from chewy to crunchy in texture. Most overseas Chinatowns offer the Cantonese style of the pastry. It is commonly found in Hong Kong.
# Fujian.
Many of the Fujian distribution companies manufacture packaged versions of Sachima. This version has sesame and is made of wheat flour, vegetable oil, egg, milk, granular sugar, and malt sugar. The taste is comparatively plain compared to the more sweetened Cantonese | 6,134,974 |
12328577 | Sachima | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sachima | Sachima
lly the same ingredients as the other varieties of "sachima". It is often sprinkled with sesame seeds, raisins or dried coconut. The Cantonese variety of "sachima" ranges from chewy to crunchy in texture. Most overseas Chinatowns offer the Cantonese style of the pastry. It is commonly found in Hong Kong.
# Fujian.
Many of the Fujian distribution companies manufacture packaged versions of Sachima. This version has sesame and is made of wheat flour, vegetable oil, egg, milk, granular sugar, and malt sugar. The taste is comparatively plain compared to the more sweetened Cantonese version.
# See also.
- Çäkçäk
- Funnel cake
- Yeot-gangjeong
- List of Chinese desserts
- Rice Krispie treat | 6,134,975 |
12328614 | Olga Bernstein Kohlberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olga%20Bernstein%20Kohlberg | Olga Bernstein Kohlberg
Olga Bernstein Kohlberg
Olga Bernstein Kohlberg (August 2, 1864, Elberfeld, Westphalia – August 12, 1935, El Paso, Texas) was a Jewish Texan philanthropist and founder of the first public kindergarten in Texas. Kohlberg served as president of the Woman's Club of El Paso for two terms, one from 1899-1900 and the other from 1901-1902. Kohlberg lived in the historic Sunset Heights neighborhood.
# External links.
- The Handbook of Texas Online: Kohlberg, Olga Bernstein | 6,134,976 |
12328591 | Prunus grayana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prunus%20grayana | Prunus grayana
Prunus grayana
Prunus grayana (syn. "Padus grayana" (Maxim.) C.K.Schneid., "Prunus padus" var. "japonica" Miq.; Japanese bird cherry or Gray's bird cherry; Japanese ウワミズザクラ "Uwa-mizu-zakura"; Chinese 灰叶稠李 "hui ye chou li") is a species of cherry native to Japan and China, occurring at medium altitudes of 1,000–3,800 m in the temperate zone. It prefers sunshine and moist (but drained) soil.
It is a small deciduous tree reaching a height of 8–20 m. The trunk is slender with smooth grey to purple-grey bark marked with horizontal brown lenticels, with a strong smell when cut. The leaves are elliptical to ovoid, 4–10 cm long and 1.8–4.5 cm broad, with a serrated margin with aristate tips to the | 6,134,977 |
12328591 | Prunus grayana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prunus%20grayana | Prunus grayana
serrations. The lowest teeth of a leaf feature two glands. The flowers are produced on 5–8 cm long racemes, each flower 7–10 mm diameter, with five white petals; they are hermaphroditic, and appear in mid-spring after the leaves. The fruit is a small drupe, about 8 mm in diameter, green at first, then red and finally ripening black in mid summer.
It is very closely related to "Prunus padus" (Bird cherry), differing in the aristate tips to the leaf serration (blunt-pointed in "P. padus"), and the longer style in the flower.
# Uses.
The flowers, fruit and seed are all edible and are prepared and eaten in Japan. The fruit can be preserved with salt to make a dish called Anningo. The bark and | 6,134,978 |
12328591 | Prunus grayana | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prunus%20grayana | Prunus grayana
pointed in "P. padus"), and the longer style in the flower.
# Uses.
The flowers, fruit and seed are all edible and are prepared and eaten in Japan. The fruit can be preserved with salt to make a dish called Anningo. The bark and roots are the source of a green dye. The wood is very hard and splits easily. It is used in various cabinet-making and various other ornamental applications.
# Classification.
The taxon was described in 1864 by Miquel as "Prunus padus" var. "japonica", on the basis of specimens collected by Siebold. After a review of the previous literature, Maximowicz in St. Petersburg decided in 1883 the tree was a distinct species, and named it "Prunus grayana" after Asa Gray. | 6,134,979 |
12328623 | Thoia Thoing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thoia%20Thoing | Thoia Thoing
Thoia Thoing
"Thoia Thoing" is an R&B single by R. Kelly from his 2003 album "The R. in R&B Collection, Vol. 1". It peaked at number 6 on the R&B chart and number 13 on the Hot 100. In the UK, the song was a double A-side with "Step in the Name of Love" and in Germany with "Snake".
# Music video.
The music video is directed by Little X, whom directed most of Kellys videos at that time. R. Kelly's wife at that time, Andrea Kelly was the choreographer and main background dancer in the video.
# Remixes.
The official remix features Birdman & Busta Rhymes, the song is found in the Bonus CD of the DVD album "The R. in R&B Video Collection". The song can also be found on the mixtape "The Diplomats | 6,134,980 |
12328623 | Thoia Thoing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thoia%20Thoing | Thoia Thoing
in Germany with "Snake".
# Music video.
The music video is directed by Little X, whom directed most of Kellys videos at that time. R. Kelly's wife at that time, Andrea Kelly was the choreographer and main background dancer in the video.
# Remixes.
The official remix features Birdman & Busta Rhymes, the song is found in the Bonus CD of the DVD album "The R. in R&B Video Collection". The song can also be found on the mixtape "The Diplomats 5" featuring Cam'ron.
# Track listing.
- UK CD single
- 2. "Step in the Name of Love" (Remix) (Radio Edit)
- 3. "Thoia Thong" (Album Version)
- 4. "Thoia Thong" (Silk & Peoples Choice Remix)
- 5. "Step in the Name of Love" (Remix) (Enhanced Video) | 6,134,981 |
12328621 | David D. Rudolph | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20D.%20Rudolph | David D. Rudolph
David D. Rudolph
David D. Rudolph (born June 12, 1949) is an American politician from Maryland and a member of the Democratic Party. He is currently serving in his 4th term in the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Maryland's District 34B in Cecil County. He currently serves as Vice-Chair of the Economic Matters Committee.
# In the legislature.
Member of House of Delegates since January 11, 1995. House Chair, Joint Committee on Base Realignment and Closure, 2007-. Vice-Chair, Economic Matters Committee, 2007- (chair, property & casualty insurance subcommittee, 2007-; member, banking, economic development, science & technology subcommittee, 2007-; unemployment insurance subcommittee, | 6,134,982 |
12328621 | David D. Rudolph | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20D.%20Rudolph | David D. Rudolph
2007-; workers' compensation subcommittee, 2007-). Member, Rules and Executive Nominations Committee, 2007-. Member, Commerce and Government Matters Committee, 1995-98 (ethics & elections subcommittee); Ways and Means Committee, 1999-2003 (finance resources subcommittee, 1999–2000; children & youth subcommittee, 2001–03); Health and Government Operations Committee, 2003-06 (health insurance subcommittee, 2003–04; public health subcommittee, 2004–05; public health & long-term care subcommittee, 2005–06; chair, health occupations subcommittee, 2003–04; chair, pharmaceuticals subcommittee, 2004–06); Joint Audit Committee, 1999–2002; Special Committee on Higher Education Affordability and Accessibility, | 6,134,983 |
12328621 | David D. Rudolph | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20D.%20Rudolph | David D. Rudolph
2003–04; Joint Committee on the State's Emergency Medical Response System, 2003-05. Chair, Cecil County Delegation, 1995-2002. Member, Maryland Rural Caucus, 2002-; Maryland Legislative Sportsmen's Caucus, 2005-; Maryland Veterans Caucus, 2005-. Member, Task Force on School Leaders, National Conference of State Legislatures, 2002; National Legislative Association on Prescription Drug Prices, 2005-.
Member, Governor's Executive Advisory Council, 1991; Commission to Save the Lighthouses, 1995–96; Bainbridge Re-Use Advisory Committee, 1996–97; Task Force to Study the Preservation and Enhancement of Maryland's Heritage Resources, 1998-2001 (protection & preservation committee); Governor's Task | 6,134,984 |
12328621 | David D. Rudolph | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20D.%20Rudolph | David D. Rudolph
Force on Eastern Shore Economic Development, 1999–2001; Maryland Task Force on the Principalship, State Department of Education, 1999–2001; Bainbridge Development Advisory Board, 1999-; Task Force to Study College Readiness for Disadvantaged and Capable Students, 2000–01; Tri-County Council for the Lower Eastern Shore of Maryland, 2001-; Maryland K-16 Partnership for Teaching and Learning Work Group, 2003-; Upper Shore Regional Council, 2003-; Task Force on the Establishment of a Prescription Drug Repository Program, 2005–06; Social Studies Task Force, 2005-; Task Force to Convene a Summit on Civic Literacy in Maryland, 2006; Cecil/Harford Bridges Work Group, 2006. Co-Chair, Task Force on the | 6,134,985 |
12328621 | David D. Rudolph | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20D.%20Rudolph | David D. Rudolph
Availability and Affordability of Property Insurance in Coastal Areas, 2007-08. Member, Climate Change Commission, 2007-. Co-Chair, Commission to Study the Title Insurance Industry in Maryland, 2008-.
# Legislative Notes.
- voted for the Maryland Gang Prosecution Act of 2007 (HB713), subjecting gang members to up to 20 years in prison and/or a fine of up to $100,000
- voted for Jessica’s Law (HB 930), eliminating parole for the most violent child sexual predators and creating a mandatory minimum sentence of 25 years in state prison, 2007
- voted for Public Safety – Statewide DNA Database System – Crimes of Violence and Burglary – Post conviction (HB 370), helping to give police officers | 6,134,986 |
12328621 | David D. Rudolph | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20D.%20Rudolph | David D. Rudolph
and prosecutors greater resources to solve crimes and eliminating a backlog of 24,000 unanalyzed DNA samples, leading to 192 arrests, 2008
- voted for Vehicle Laws – Repeated Drunk and Drugged Driving Offenses – Suspension of License (HB 293), strengthening Maryland’s drunk driving laws by imposing a mandatory one year license suspension for a person convicted of drunk driving more than once in five years, 2009
- voted for HB 102, creating the House Emergency Medical Services System Workgroup, leading to Maryland’s budgeting of $52 million to fund three new Medevac helicopters to replace the State’s aging fleet, 2009
For the past four years, Delegate Rudolph has annually voted to support | 6,134,987 |
12328621 | David D. Rudolph | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20D.%20Rudolph | David D. Rudolph
classroom teachers, public schools, police and hospitals in Cecil County. Since 2002, funding to schools across the State has increased 82%, resulting in Maryland being ranked top in the nation for K-12 education.
# Life and political career.
David Rudolph was born on June 12, 1949 in Summit, New Jersey. He was raised in Cecil County, Maryland and graduated from North East High School in 1967. He graduated with a B.A. in History/Political Science from Wilmington University in 1971.
In 1973, he started his teaching career with Cecil County Public Schools. and taught at Perryville High School for 4 years. In 1977, he was promoted to the school's Assistant Principal. He also spent 2 years as | 6,134,988 |
12328621 | David D. Rudolph | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20D.%20Rudolph | David D. Rudolph
Assistant Principal at Elkton High School. In 1988, he was promoted to Principal at Perryville Middle School. He was also Principal of the Providence School from 1994 to 1997, and of North East Middle School from 1997 to 2000. Along with his duties as a State Delegate, David also serves as Director of the Teacher Education Program at Cecil College. David has been a State Delegate since 1995.
# Education.
- North East High School (1967)
- Wilmington University, B.A. History/Political Science (1971)
- University of Delaware, M.Ed. (1977)
- Wilmington University, Ed.D. (1998)
# Personal life.
He is married to Diana Rudolph. Diana is retired.
# External links.
- http://www.drudolph.org/
- | 6,134,989 |
12328621 | David D. Rudolph | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20D.%20Rudolph | David D. Rudolph
at Perryville Middle School. He was also Principal of the Providence School from 1994 to 1997, and of North East Middle School from 1997 to 2000. Along with his duties as a State Delegate, David also serves as Director of the Teacher Education Program at Cecil College. David has been a State Delegate since 1995.
# Education.
- North East High School (1967)
- Wilmington University, B.A. History/Political Science (1971)
- University of Delaware, M.Ed. (1977)
- Wilmington University, Ed.D. (1998)
# Personal life.
He is married to Diana Rudolph. Diana is retired.
# External links.
- http://www.drudolph.org/
- http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/06hse/html/msa12302.html
- Voting record | 6,134,990 |
12328634 | Highbush cranberry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Highbush%20cranberry | Highbush cranberry
Highbush cranberry
Highbush cranberry is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
- "Viburnum trilobum", American highbush cranberry
- "Viburnum opulus", European highbush cranberry
- "Viburnum edule", squashberry | 6,134,991 |
12328626 | Pinky Silverberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinky%20Silverberg | Pinky Silverberg
Pinky Silverberg
Pinky Silverberg (April 5, 1904 – January 16, 1964) was a Connecticut-based American boxer who briefly held the National Boxing Association (NBA) World Flyweight title in late 1927. With an efficient defense, Silverberg was knocked out only once in his career by Willie LaMorte in 1926. His managers were Johnny Herman, Lou Anger, and Joe Smith. Problems with his hands, which were often broken during his career, may have hampered many of his boxing performances.
# Early life and career.
Pinky Silverberg was born into a Jewish family in the Bronx on April 5, 1904. He would eventually become one of six siblings, with three other boys and two girls. His father relocated to Ansonia, | 6,134,992 |
12328626 | Pinky Silverberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinky%20Silverberg | Pinky Silverberg
Connecticut, in 1920 to find work in one of the many factories in the Naugatuck Valley.
Silverberg began his career in 1920 when he was only 16 by adding two years to his age so he could begin boxing professionally. His older brother Herman, who may have influenced his choice to be a boxer, was also a featherweight known as "Kid Silvers" and fought feature bouts in New York boxing clubs. Between September 1920, and June 1925, Pinky fought twenty-seven bouts almost exclusively in the Connecticut area, losing only three, and winning fourteen, with three by knockout. The nine draws among his initial bouts indicated that his rise to prominence was gradual but that he learned from these bouts and | 6,134,993 |
12328626 | Pinky Silverberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinky%20Silverberg | Pinky Silverberg
over time improved his technique.
# Taking the Connecticut Flyweight Championship, October 1925.
Silverberg took the Connecticut Flyweight Championship on October 17, 1925, against Al Beuregard at the Opera House in Ansonia, Connecticut, in a ten-round points decision. The important win heralded his emergence as a potential flyweight contender.
# Only knockout loss to Willie LaMorte, April 1926.
In what may well have been his only loss by knockout, on April 5, 1926, Silverberg lost to accomplished boxer Willie LaMorte at Footguard Hall in Hartford, Connecticut, in a difficult bout lasting only three rounds. Apparently LaMorte had Silverberg down cold, as Pinky lost to LaMorte again on June | 6,134,994 |
12328626 | Pinky Silverberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinky%20Silverberg | Pinky Silverberg
25, 1928 at Laurel Garden in Newark, New Jersey in a ten-round points decision. According to the "Newark Star-Eagle", LaMorte floored Silverberg in the first round, taking all but two of the rounds in the bout.
# Bouts with flyweight contender Black Bill, 1927–28.
Fighting at only 113 pounds, on January 19, 1927, Silverberg lost to black Cuban boxer Eladio Valdes known as Black Bill at the Walker Athletic Club in New York in a six-round points decision. The bout was a benefit for the great black boxer Sam Langford. A noteworthy black Cuban flyweight at the time, Black Bill would later contend for the NYSAC World Flyweight Championship in March 1930 against Midget Wolgast. Silverberg would | 6,134,995 |
12328626 | Pinky Silverberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinky%20Silverberg | Pinky Silverberg
lose to Black Bill again in a six-round points decision on December 29, 1928 at the Olympia Athletic Club in New York.
# Taking the NBA World Flyweight Championship from Ruby Bradley, October 1927.
## First bout with Ruby Bradley, January 1926.
On January 27, 1926, Silverberg first met Ruby (Dark Cloud) Bradley in Hartford, Connecticut losing in an eight-round points decision. In a close bout, the hometown paper, the "Hartford Courant", questioning the decision, wrote, "Silverberg outsmarted Bradley, he carried the fight to Bradley and his punches were straighter and truer, he looked good to everybody except the third man in the Ring (referee)." Bradley was a top Black flyweight contender | 6,134,996 |
12328626 | Pinky Silverberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinky%20Silverberg | Pinky Silverberg
who was rated as the third best flyweight in the world by "Ring Magazine" in 1931.
## Taking the NBA World Flyweight Title from Ruby Bradley, October 1927.
Silverberg won the NBA World Flyweight Championship vacated by Fidel LaBarba, who had recently retired, by defeating Ruby "Dark Cloud" Bradley in Bridgeport, Connecticut on October 22, 1927, when Bradley was disqualified for delivering a low blow to Silverberg in the seventh round. Silverberg was unable to continue the bout due to the injury. Some boxing officials may have felt that Silverberg's title was not as fully justifiable due to his win by disqualification, though the World Championship Title belt was presented to Silverberg officially | 6,134,997 |
12328626 | Pinky Silverberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinky%20Silverberg | Pinky Silverberg
by the NBA commissioner a few weeks after his win.
## Loss to Ruby Bradley for which Silverberg's World Flyweight title was stripped.
Ruby Bradley was a talented flyweight boxer who had taken the New England Flyweight Championship in late 1926, but likely not the best known or highly reputed boxer Silverberg would face in his career. Bradley would never take a world title, and contend only once for the NYSAC Flyweight Championship unsuccessfully later in his career.
Silverberg met Bradley again on December 3, 1927, in a fateful match that was contested above the flyweight limit at the State Armory in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and was therefore not a title bout. Bradley beat him in a ten-round | 6,134,998 |
12328626 | Pinky Silverberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinky%20Silverberg | Pinky Silverberg
unanimous decision. Only a few days after the match, the President of the NBA stripped Silverberg of the title for an "unsatisfactory showing" in the bout. As a boxing historian later put it, "it remains the only time in boxing history that a champion was shorn of a legitimately won championship due to a poor performance in a non-title bout." It is important to note that Silverberg was boxing with a broken hand in the bout which hampered his performance, adding to the injustice of stripping him of his title.
After his loss to Bradley, Silverberg began boxing exclusively as a bantamweight at a weight range of 112 to 118 pounds. The poster of Silverberg at right, published around 1928, shows | 6,134,999 |
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