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2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
go to Silverton under its own power. It was later determined that the trailing truck was having trouble negotiating the curves in the Animas Canyon. The D&SNG traded 497 to the C&TS for K-36 #482. This trade was mutually beneficial for both railroads as it gave the C&TS a fully operational locomotive, giving in exchange a locomotive that had never run, and likely would never operate under C&TS ownership. Numbers 493 and 498 are owned by the D&SNG, but are not operational. On May 4, 2016 K-37 #493 was hauled to Durango from Silverton by K-36 #481 to be transported to the Colorado Railroad Museum in Golden, Colorado, on a 10-year lease, where they would restore it to operational condition and | 6,136,400 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
run it for those 10 years and then return it to the D&SNGRR. However, plans were cancelled and #493 sat outside the Durango roundhouse with an uncertain future for sometime, until 2018 when she was put in the roundhouse for restoration. It is estimated it could take up to two years to finish the restoration. K-37 #498 rests in the Durango yard near the turntable without a tender and with no plans to restore it, given its deteriorated condition. #499 was included in the 1981 purchase from the D&RGW as well, and was stored in Durango until 1999 when it was cosmetically restored and traded for 486, which had been on display and out of operation at Royal Gorge since the early 1960s.
## Diesel engines.
Diesels | 6,136,401 |
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were first introduced to the Durango Yard in the 1960s with Diesel locomotive #50. Number 50 is now at the Colorado Railroad Museum in Golden, Colorado. The United States Transportation Corps. also had a six-axle narrow-gauge Diesel locomotive (#3000) for trial use in Durango in the 1950s which saw limited use.
The D&SNG currently operates four Diesel engines. Narrow-gauge Diesel engines are just as rare as any other narrow-gauge equipment. All of the Diesel engines of the D&SNG are of center cab style, where the cab straddles the center of the locomotive. Below are the Diesel engines currently used by the D&SNG:
- 1. Hotshot #1 is a 50-ton center cab engine built in 1957, was acquired from | 6,136,402 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
Arkansas Limestone Railroad. During the 2002 Missionary Ridge Fire, the D&SNG voluntarily shut down steam service. To help continue service, Hotshot pulled coaches out along the highline from Rockwood. Currently in service.
- 2. Big Al #7 is an 87-ton center cab engine built in 1975 and was originally Algoma Steel #7, from Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Big Al is named after the owner of the D&S, Allen C. Harper.
- 3. Diesel engine #9 was acquired in March 2006 and is a 92-ton center cab Diesel. In Service
- 4. Diesel engine #11 was built by U.S. Steel with General Electric parts. It was acquired in March 2006 and is a 98-ton center cab Diesel. Currently in service.
- RB-1 (railbus) was built | 6,136,403 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
in the winter of 1987–1988. It was originally numbered 1001 and was named Tamarron. It could seat 32 people, had its own baggage compartment and restroom, and had a six-cylinder Caterpillar Diesel engine. This unit was intended for use on the Animas River Railway, and when that operation was shut down, it was found being used as a switcher in the Durango yard. Years later, it was put into revenue service during the 2002 Missionary Ridge Fire, but it is currently not being operated.
# Operating practice and route description.
The railroad runs from the Durango yard to Silverton, crossing the Animas River five times throughout the trip. Once trains reach Silverton and unload passengers, the | 6,136,404 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
train is turned on the wye, backs uptown to pick up returning passengers, and makes the trip back to Durango. One way scheduled trains take 3½ hours to run the each way, with a 2¼ hour layover in Silverton.
A train departing Durango generally takes about one hour between the crew arriving and the train departing. Brakemen inspect the train for cleanliness and required tools for the day, including a flagging kit and marker lamps for the rear of the train. The conductor will sign in his crew and obtain passenger lists and track reports to deliver to his crew. The engineer and fireman will inspect the locomotive and prepare it for the day's trip, making sure all machinery is lubricated and in | 6,136,405 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
proper condition, and no last-minute repairs are needed. The fireman will ensure proper coal and water is in the tender, and make sure lubricating oil is on supply and that automatic lubrication is working properly; he will also clean the cab and hose off the engine and tender of ash and dust.
Once the engine is ready, the locomotive will be pulled onto the mainline, and backed up, working the engine against the brakes to check braking capability, and also to clean the smokebox and cylinders of condensation, and work the cylinders to warm them up for lubrication. The head brakeman will hook the locomotive up to the train, and the car shop will then assist the crew by performing brake tests | 6,136,406 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
with the engineer.
Scheduled trains on the Durango & Silverton operate on authority by timetable, though on occasion may be annulled for special trains or other circumstances. A train leaving Durango will depart at until the train is off the platform, then advance to until leaving yard limits, where track speed is . The 15th Street bridge is just east of the Durango yard limits, and maintenance-of-way crews also have a storage area here, where track patrolmen will inspect the train rolling by. The grade is fairly flat until 32nd Street, where a small hill will have the engine work a little until 36th Street. The train will then roll downgrade about and use that to accelerate to , which is the | 6,136,407 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
track speed between 36th St. and Hermosa. Home Ranch is the first siding past Durango. A new wye has recently been built just east of here to turn trains for the Polar Express and other event trains. As the train runs through the valley, it is traveling on the longest tangent on the railroad, since most of the railroad meanders through the canyon following the river. Motorists can drive alongside the train through here and watch the engine work harder and harder as it starts to climb towards Hermosa. Passing Trimble Lane, the engine will start to pick up some work as the grade stiffens. A scheduled train takes 40 minutes to reach Hermosa from Durango.
Hermosa has a small maintenance-of-way | 6,136,408 |
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yard and siding, as well as the first water tank to fill the engine's tender. Doubleheaded trains will often be put together here, with the helper running light to Hermosa ahead of the train, take on water, and then await the arrival of the train with the road engine spotting itself at the tank and taking on water. After a brake test, the train will then take on the 30 minute, 2.5% climb between Hermosa and Rockwood. As the train climbs away from the valley, passengers will notice the locomotives working hard to pull the train through the many curves that now define the railroad. An hour after leaving Durango the train passes under US Highway 550 and slows to to traverse the "mini-highline", | 6,136,409 |
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a rock shelf where the track follows the edge of a small cliff, and then picks up speed again through the meadow at Shalona. This is the last grade crossing the railroad encounters until Silverton. Slowing again after the crossing, the train winds around another rock face above Shalona Lake, with Rockwood being just around the next curve. Rockwood has a short wye and siding, and is also the first flagstop on the line. Being an hour and ten minutes by rail from Durango, some passengers lodging nearby opt to board the train here instead of driving all the way to town. The grade tops off for a while and the helper engine on doubleheaded trains will be cut off here and run ahead light to Tank Creek. | 6,136,410 |
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As the train enters the narrow rock cut, it becomes the only ground transportation into the Animas Canyon. Passengers immediately notice the slow pace of the train as it winds onto the "highline", a famous section of the railroad where the train crawls along the face of high cliffs. The engine crew will usually blow down the engine on the bridge at MP 471.2 to clean sediment from the boiler and the fireman will look back on his side of the train for a highball from the rear brakeman, indicating the rear of the train has cleared the bridge and the engineer can pick up speed to , the track speed the rest of the way to Silverton. The roadbed closely follows the Animas River from now on, and the | 6,136,411 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
grade fluctuates quite a bit between here and Cascade Canyon. Tacoma is the next flagstop and the railroad has another siding here. At MP 474.5 is the Tank Creek water tank, and engines will stop here for water. The fireman will top off the tender, taking about , while the engineer oils around the engine and inspects machinery and bearings. On doubleheaded trains, the helper locomotive will then rejoin the train and perform another brake test.
From Tank Creek, trains only travel about before reaching Tall Timber Resort. Another mile and the train is traveling on a very narrow rock wall before rounding the curve and climbing into Cascade. Cascade is two hours and by rail from Durango, and in | 6,136,412 |
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the winter trains are turned here on the wye due to avalanche chutes further up the railroad. After crossing the Animas a third time, the railroad curves to the east and heads towards Needleton. The grade through here tends to stairstep between short steep 3% grades and longer gradual 2-2.5% while winding through many reverse curves. Unlike the mainline that was constructed by the D&RG before arriving in Durango, the Silverton branch was laid without compensated curves, and the trains can really drag into some of the reverse curves against the engine. A speed restriction covers a sharp curve above a rock face at MP 481.5.
Needleton flag stop is roughly from the Needleton siding, and another | 6,136,413 |
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beyond that to the Needleton water tank. Trains stopping at Needleton flag stop are for backpackers usually hiking up to the Chicago Basin, as well as occasional homesteaders who have cabins in the forest. Locomotives have a hard time starting the trains from a stop here as well as leaving from the tank stop, indicated by the layer of sand on the tracks and the frequency of the valves centering up, forcing the engineer to back the locomotive up a foot or so before trying to start forward again. On the westbound trains, the tender only needs about to be topped off before proceeding to Silverton, however, the steepest grade lies ahead. The track out of Needleton is around 2.5%, with a little ease | 6,136,414 |
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around MP 486, but then quickly steepens again, topping off 4% at MP 488. From MP 488 to Elk Park the fireman finally gets a break on the wider, sweeping curves and flatter grade.
Elk Park is the last siding, wye, and flagstop before Silverton. Not as popular as Needleton for hikers, Elk Park is where the railroad crosses the Colorado Trail and it often serves as a hunting camp in season. Also past Elk Park, the railroad is among some of the highest concentration of avalanche chutes in the state. The Snowshed Slide once had a snowshed, until burning and leaving behind remnants of what once gave the slide its name. The grade has one decent pull approaching Snowshed, but afterwards is pretty | 6,136,415 |
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easy the rest of the way to Silverton, and also has longer, sweeping, slightly elevated curves which allow for smooth running. The engineer will blow a warning whistle approaching the sharp curve at Cataract, the narrowest section of the entire canyon, before opening up to the valley that holds Silverton.
The railroad crosses the Animas one last time before entering yard limits. The train slows to and blows a long station call on the whistle before passing the depot. After the train arrives, passengers deboard the train and the crew backs the train down to the wye for servicing. An ashpit was recently constructed for use and to aid in heavier repairs if needed, which do happen on occasion. | 6,136,416 |
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After shoving the train uptown for boarding passengers, the engineer will oil and inspect the engine once again and the crew will perform another brake test for the return trip to Durango.
Trains will almost always use straight air unless conditions or equipment don't allow. The engineer won't need to use steam for power to move the train until just east of Tacoma, and after climbing to Rockwood, can drift again all the way to Trimble Lane in the valley near Durango. Trains coming from Silverton will top off with water again at Needleton on the return, and Cascade trains won't need water for the return.
After arrival in Durango, steam locomotives are cut from the trains for immediate servicing, | 6,136,417 |
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which can make the shop crew pretty busy in the summer with four or five locomotives being tended. Servicing includes coaling up the tender, adding wood pellets for fuel for overnight stoking, refilling the sand supply, cleaning or dropping the fire depending on the schedule for the locomotive, and then spotting the engine in the roundhouse to apply grease, shoot bearings, refill oilers, and replenish water. Running trips each day in the summer with the heavy trains will also cause damage to the running gear and require heavier repairs at times, which the roundhouse crew is capable of performing.
The railroad uses a couple of small Diesel switching locomotives for work trains and everyday yard | 6,136,418 |
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switching to allow the steam locomotives to enter the shop areas sooner. The use of wood pellets for overnight fuel, as well as Diesel switchers are a result of constant complaints from local citizens regarding the fly ash from the coal-fired engines. Though the railroad has been present in the town since its founding, the D&SNG has tried its best to appease the locals.
# D&SNG rolling stock.
The Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad operates over 50 pieces of rolling stock. Some of the cars are the oldest passenger cars in existence.
## Concession cars.
Like most of the coaches on the D&SNG, the concession cars are good examples of how coaches were renumbered and rebuilt several times | 6,136,419 |
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by the D&RGW.
- Concession car 64 was originally mail-baggage 64 built in 1889. In 1983 it was purchased from the Black Hills Central Railroad. 64 returned to service in 1984 as a concession car.
- Concession car 126 was originally baggage car 27. It was renumbered 126 in 1886. It was converted to a coach-snack bar by the D&RGW in 1963 then reconverted in 1979 to a coach. It was reconverted to a full concession car by the D&SNG in 1982.
- Concession car 212 was originally coach 20 built in 1879. In 1887 it was rebuilt into a combination coach-baggage car and numbered 215. In 1942, 215 had been sold to a Mexican railway. Then the D&RGW realized that it was larger than another combination car | 6,136,420 |
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212. The numbers of the car were switched and the smaller car was sent to Mexico. In 1964 converted to a coach-snack bar by the D&RGW, then to a 48-passenger coach in 1979. In 1982 it was converted to a snack bar car by the D&SNG. Then, in 1986, it was converted to a full concession car.
- Concession car 566 was originally mail car 14 built in 1882. Around 1888 it was rebuilt into excursion car 566. In July 1904 it was renumbered 0566. Then it was switched to work service in 1914. It was rebuilt to its original appearance as a postal car by the D&SNG. It was then given its old excursion car number of 566 and is now used as a concession car.
## Coaches.
The D&SNG operates one combination car | 6,136,421 |
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213 named Bitter Root Mine, it was previously named Home Ranch and was built in 1983 by the D&SNG. It has a hydraulic lift for passengers in wheelchairs.
The D&SNG operates several other coaches:
- 1. 257 Shenandoah, built in 1880
- 2. 270 Pinkerton, built in 1880
- 3. 291 King Mine, built in 1881
- 4. 311 McPhee, built in 1881
- 5. 319 Needleton, built in 1882
- 6. 323 Animas City, built in 1887
- 7. 327 Durango, built in 1887
- 8. 330 Cascade, built in 1963
- 9. 331 Trimble, built in 1963
- 10. 332 La Plata, built in 1964
- 11. 333 Tacoma, built in 1964
- 12. 334 Hermosa, built in 1964
- 13. 335 Elk Park, built in 1964
- 14. 336 Rockwood, built in 1964
- 15. 337 Fort Lewis, | 6,136,422 |
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built in 1964
### Cinco Animas B-2.
Built in 1883, the Cinco Animas was originally an immigrant sleeper. Immigrant sleepers had very few amenities and had little consideration for passenger comfort. The original Cinco Animas could seat up to thirty passengers. It was turned into a business car in 1913. In 1963 it was purchased by the Cinco Animas Corporation, where it received its present name. Then, in 1982, the Cinco Animas was sold to the D&S. It runs daily throughout the summer.
### Nomad B-3.
Built in 1878, the Nomad was originally named Fairplay. In 1886, it was rebuilt as Business Car N. It is reportedly the favorite car of D&RG president William Jackson Palmer. The Fairplay has hosted | 6,136,423 |
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Presidents William H Taft, Ulysses S Grant and Theodore Roosevelt. While being owned by several parties between 1951–1982 the Fairplay was renamed the Nomad. It was acquired by the D&S in 1982. Today it is the oldest private railroad coach still in service in the United States. It runs daily throughout the summer.
### General Palmer B-7.
The General Palmer was built in 1880 as a business car for the D&RG. In later years it fell into disrepair. It was restored in 2001 at a cost of $250,000 by the D&S. Its modern amenities include internet service and a twenty-inch flat paneled television. The General Palmer is exclusively used by owner Allen Harper, his family and guests.
### San Juan 312.
Built | 6,136,424 |
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by the D&RG in 1887, it had clerestory roof and bullnose ends. It was finished in ash and seated forty-six. It was rebuilt in 1937 at the Alamosa shops. Vestuable ends, train-line steam heat, electric lights, and deluxe Heywood-Wakefield reclining coach seats for 24 passenger were installed. The D&S named coach 312 the Silverton. In the winter of 2007–2008 it was rebuilt with overstuffed seating for in a wide three across arrangement and had its name changed to San Juan. It runs during the summer time.
### Alamosa 350.
Built in 1880, it was originally named the Hildago as Horton chair car number 25. It was changed to car 403 in 1885. It was then rebuilt into an office living car for members | 6,136,425 |
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of the Valuation Survey in 1919. Valuation Survey was inventorying the entire railroad property after it was returned to the D&RGW after World War 1. In 1924 it was converted into a parlor-smoker car. After a rebuild in 1937 it became a parlor-buffet car named Alamosa. The car had a closed vestibule, with steam heat, electric lights and seats for fourteen passengers. In 1957 it was converted for coach service. It was renumbered 350 in 1959. In 1981 it was purchased by the D&S and converted to a parlor car and seats twenty-five people. There was another car with the same name that was destroyed in a derailment on the Rio Grande Southern Railroad. It runs daily throughout the summer.
### Prospector | 6,136,426 |
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630.
Was built in 1984 as a coach and was named Hunt. In 2009 it became a family upscale coach. The Prospector features comfortable table and chair style seating. The ceiling of the Prospector features an enlarged route map, making it easy for passengers to follow the train's progress along the route.
### Tall Timber Legend 631 & Tall Timber Legacy 632.
631 was built in 1985 and named the North Star. 632 was built in 1986 and named Teft. Both cars were built as general passenger cars to help with the increase in passengers. In 2009 the cars were converted with overstuffed seats. They are used mainly to take passengers to Tall Timber to go zip lining.
## Open observation gondolas.
Open observation | 6,136,427 |
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gondolas 400–402 were built in 1963, equipped with passenger car trucks, steel roofs, tile floors and tramway seats. Gondolas 403–405 were built for the 1967 season on The Silverton. Between 1982 and 1985 the D&SNG built Open Observation cars 411 and 412. Open Observation cars 406–409 and 413–416 were built between 1982 and 1986
- Cars 400–405 and 411–412 are former standard gauge boxcars, built in 1916
- Cars 406–409 and 413–416 are former standard gauge stock cars, built in 1937
### Silver Vista 313.
The original Silver Vista was built in 1947 by the D&RGW. It was a popular glass-topped observation car and the only one of its kind. The original Silver Vista was destroyed by a fire in Alamosa | 6,136,428 |
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in 1953. Because of its popularity, there has been speculation that the D&RGW destroyed it on purpose to drive revenue down so they could abandon the line from Silverton to Antonito. The recreation of the Silver Vista was built in 2006. It runs daily throughout the summer.
### Rio Grande 410.
Built in the winter of 1987–1988, the Rio Grande was originally railbus trailer 1002 and was painted red. It was used with the Animas Canyon Railway Diesel-powered rail-bus. It was stored from 1992 to 1997, until it was rebuilt as an open observation car 313. It was given number 313, because it resembled the Silver Vista. After the Silver Vista was built in 2006, it became open observation car 410. In | 6,136,429 |
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the winter of 2006–2007 it was again rebuilt into an open air observation car with comfortable and large overstuffed seats for a more expansive view. It runs daily during the summer.
## Cabooses.
Caboose #0505 was built in 1886 and is stocked with provisions to provide shelter and food.
Caboose #0540 was built in 1881 and is a mini-warehouse, carrying the most common tools and supplies. It is used by Maintenance of Way.
### Caboose 0500.
Is long, and was built in 1886. It was originally known as D&RG #1. In 1950 it was sold to Bob Richardson, then again in 1987 to a business in Cripple Creek. In 1993 it was acquired by the D&S and was restored to its original condition. It is available | 6,136,430 |
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for charter and can hold up to eight people.
## Rail camp car 3681.
Rail camp car 3681 is an ex-D&RGW boxcar. It was rebuilt by the D&S in 1984 with a kitchen, a bathroom and beds. It is pulled to Cascade Canyon Wye for elegant camping. It can hold a group of up to eight people.
## Coaches not in service.
- Mail baggage car 66 was built in 1887. For some years it was the base of operations for the Animas River Railway in Rockwood, Colorado. Car 66 served as the office, ticket window, and waiting room for the railway. It was then moved to Hermosa, Colorado, as the maintenance of way office.
- Mail baggage car 119 was built in 1882 and is currently not in service.
- Coach #460 is the only | 6,136,431 |
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narrow-gauge tourist sleeper remaining from a group built in 1886 for the D&RG. In the early 1900s it was assigned to work service and was used on a D&RGW wrecking train as late as 1957. Then it was sold to the Black Hills Central Railroad in South Dakota. Then in 1983 the D&SNG purchased coach 460. It has yet to be restored.
# Museums.
The D&SNG operates two museums, the D&SNG Museum and the Silverton Freight Yard Museum. They both feature historic locomotives and railway equipment used on the D&RGW line.
## D&SNG Museum.
Opened in 1998, the D&SNG Museum is a tribute to railroading nationally and southwest Colorado. The museum is located in the Durango roundhouse. Half the roundhouse is | 6,136,432 |
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used for the steam engines and the other half is for the museum. The museum features memorabilia from the D&RGW and other railroads. It also features many artifacts from the Durango and Silverton areas. There is an HO train layout in the museum. It depicts a narrow-gauge railroad similar to the D&RGW. There is also a movie coach that was used in the filming of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, where the railroad's informational and educational films are featured.
### Class 70 engine no. 42.
On display in the Durango and Silverton RR Museum, engine 42 was one of 6 class-70 2-8-0 locomotives built by Baldwin in 1887 for the D&RG. The engine weighs 35 tons and pulls with 17,100 lbs of tractive | 6,136,433 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
effort. It was originally numbered 420. In November 1916 the engine was sold to the Rio Grande Southern and was used till the RGS was dismantled in 1952. Engine 42 and a caboose running from Grady, located east of Mancos, Colorado, to Durango was the last train movement on the RGS. In 1953 the engine was sold to the Narrow Gauge Motel in Alamosa. In 1958 the 42 was sold to Magic Mountain Amusement Park in Golden, Colorado, where it was converted to burn fuel oil and operated for a short time. In 1969 it was put on display in Monument, Colorado in front of a bank. In 1971 engine 42 returned to Golden as a restaurant display at Heritage Square. Finally, in 1983 it was purchased and brought to | 6,136,434 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
Durango. It has never been restored to operating condition. It is on display in the museum.
### Baggage car no. 127.
Originally flat car 6630, it was rebuilt in 1968 as a baggage car for the film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. No. 127 was the third concession car built by the D&SNG. It saw limited service and acted as a backup concession car. No. 127 is now used as a movie theater in the museum.
## Silverton Freight Yard Museum.
The Silverton Freight Yard Museum was opened in 1999 and is located at the Silverton depot and rail yard. On display are outfit cars, some equipped with kitchen facilities and side-dumped gondolas.
Engine 493 is part of a static display of a freight train. | 6,136,435 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
In the Silverton depot are local artifacts.
# Animas River Railway.
Beginning May 7, 1988 a new Diesel-hydraulic motorcar and trailer railbus began making trips out of Rockwood, Colorado up the Animas canyon. The new company Animas River Railway was incorporated by the D&SNG, in order to preserve the integrity of its own claim of "100% coal-fired steam locomotives". The railbus hauled hikers and fisherman into the canyon from Rockwood. Operations for the Animas River Railway were run out of Rockwood. Former mail baggage car 66 was used as the ticket window, office and waiting room for the railway.
Built in 1987–88 winter, motorcar 1001 was named Tamarron. It could seat 32 people and had a | 6,136,436 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
300-horsepower six-cylinder caterpillar engine. It also had a baggage compartment and restroom. The trailer 1002 could seat 48 in longitudinal seats.
- 1988 schedule
The first railbus trip left at 7:30 a.m. on May 7 for Elk Park. There were 12:30 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. trips to Cascade Canyon. The season for the Animas River Railway was supposed to last from May 7 through October 30, but lasted until September 4 due to mechanical problems.
- 1989 schedule
The railbus was repaired and began operations on May 6, 1989. A 12:01 p.m. trip for Cascade Canyon ran until October 29. From May 27 through September 15 Elk Park trips ran at 7:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m.
- 1990 schedule
The schedule for the Animas | 6,136,437 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
River Railway remained the same. The last excursion of the Animas River Railway was on September 23 from Rockwood to Cascade. Patronage never met expectations and has not operated since.
- 2002 schedule
During the 2002 Missionary Ridge Fire, the D&SNG voluntarily shut down steam service. To help continue service, motorcar 1001 now RB-1 and trailer 1002 now 313 took people out to Elk Park from Silverton.
# Visiting equipment.
Just as narrow-gauge equipment and parts are rare, narrow-gauge railroads are rare these days too. When narrow-gauge pieces of equipment come back to life there are very few places in the United States where they can run. Many of these pieces run during the railroad's | 6,136,438 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
annual Railfest held every August. Below are some pieces of narrow-gauge equipment that visit the D&SNG railroad.
## D&RGW No. 315.
D&RGW No. 315 is a C-18 locomotive, built in 1895 by Baldwin Locomotive Works. It originally was owned by the Florence and Cripple Creek Railroad as No. 3. It was then bought by D&RG and became No. 424 and after the railroad was reorganized into D&RGW in 1924 it became No. 315. Around 1941, 315 made its way to Durango and became a yard switcher. It worked around Durango until 1949. To save it from being scrapped, it was leased by the City of Durango as a display. When the D&RGW abandoned the line to Durango, 315 was donated to the Chamber of Commerce in 1968. | 6,136,439 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
In 1986 it was put on display at Santa Rita Park. Ownership of 315 was changed from the Chamber of Commerce to the City of Durango. It was restored to operating condition in 2007 by the Durango Railroad Historical Society, which operates the locomotive occasionally on both the Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad and the Cumbres & Toltec Scenic Railroad.
## E&P No. 4.
Eureka and Palisade No. 4 is a Class 8/18 C 4-4-0 locomotive, built in 1875 by Baldwin Locomotive Works. It originally was owned by the Eureka and Palisade Railroad, and was later sold to the Sierra Nevada Wood and Lumber Company. In 1938, it was sold to Warner Bros. and was used in many films. Eventually, the engine went | 6,136,440 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
to the Old Vegas amusement park in Henderson, Nevada, where it became badly damaged by a fire. Finally, it was bought by Dan Markoff and restored to operating condition. Dan privately owns the engine, and on occasion brings it to various railroads to operate, including the D&SNG.
## Casey Jones.
The Casey Jones railbus was built in 1915 out of a Model T and is a predecessor of the Galloping Goose. It was originally designed to be an ambulance servicing the Sunnyside Mine in Eureka, Colorado. It was often used by mine officials to commute to Silverton. It has room for 11 passengers. The Casey Jones is owned by the San Juan Historical Society. In the summer months it is on a siding near the | 6,136,441 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
Silverton Depot and in the winter it is on display at the D&SNG Museum in Durango.
## Galloping Goose No. 5.
Galloping Goose No. 5 went into service on June 8, 1933 and was built by the Rio Grande Southern railroad. It was built with a 1928 Pierce-Arrow limousine body and running gear. It was rebuilt in 1946/47, using a World War II surplus GMC gasoline truck engine and a Wayne Corporation school bus body. In 1950, the freight/mail compartment was converted to carry 20 additional passengers for sightseeing trips. After RGS was scrapped in 1953, Galloping Goose No. 5 came to rest in Dolores, Colorado. Galloping Goose No. 5 was completely restored to operating condition in 1998 by the Galloping | 6,136,442 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
Goose Historical Society in Dolores, Colorado. It visits the D&SNG and Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad.
## Southern Pacific No. 18.
SP No. 18 is a narrow-gauge 4-6-0 locomotive built in 1911 by Baldwin Locomotive Works. It arrived to Durango on loan from the Eastern California Museum in November 2018 and will stay until June 2019.
# In popular media.
The train is the subject of the song "The Silverton", by C. W. McCall.
## D&RGW.
- 1950, "A Ticket to Tomahawk". An early western Technicolor film in which the scenery and machinery were complemented by a brief bit-player appearance by Marilyn Monroe. The film is out of print as of August 2006.
- 1952, "Denver and Rio Grande" starring | 6,136,443 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
Sterling Hayden
- 1955, "Run for Cover" starring James Cagney. Train scenes shot at the "High Line" above the Animas River Gorge
- 1956, "Around the World in 80 Days". The cast includes Charles Boyer, Cantinflas, John Carradine, Noël Coward, Andy Devine, Marlene Dietrich, Joe E. Brown, John Gielgud, Hermione Gingold, Trevor Howard, Glynis Johns, Buster Keaton, Beatrice Lillie, Peter Lorre, Shirley MacLaine, Robert Morley, Edward R. Murrow, David Niven, George Raft, Cesar Romero, Frank Sinatra and Red Skelton
- 1957, "Night Passage" starring James Stewart. Especially interesting is the train traversing the "High Line" above the Animas River Gorge.
- 1969, "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid" | 6,136,444 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
starring Paul Newman, Robert Redford, and Katharine Ross. Famous "cliff jump" scene shot near Baker's Bridge on Amimas River in upper Hermosa Valley.
- 1971, "Support Your Local Gunfighter" starring James Garner, Suzanne Pleshette and Harry Morgan
## D&SNG.
- 1988, "The Tracker" a made-for-television film starring Kris Kristofferson and distributed by HBO Films
- 1991, the railroad's own track was featured in a Lexus LS400 commercial.
- 2006, "The Prestige" starring Christian Bale. The train shown in the beginning of the film is the D&SNG
# See also.
- List of Colorado historic railroads
- List of heritage railroads in the United States
- Colorado Railroad Museum
- Cumbres and Toltec | 6,136,445 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
Scenic Railroad
- White Pass and Yukon Route
- Great Smoky Mountains Railroad
- Texas State Railroad
# References.
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Royem, Robert T. (2002). "America's Railroad: The Official Guidebook of the Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad." Published by the Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad, First Edition 2002.
- Royem, Robert T. (2007). "America's Railroad: The Official Guidebook of the Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad." Published by the Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad, Second Edition 2007.
- Osterwald, Doris B. (2001). "Cinders & Smoke: A mile by mile guide for the Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad." Denver, Colorado: Golden | 6,136,446 |
2568654 | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durango%20and%20Silverton%20Narrow%20Gauge%20Railroad | Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
arrow Gauge Railroad, Second Edition 2007.
- Osterwald, Doris B. (2001). "Cinders & Smoke: A mile by mile guide for the Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad." Denver, Colorado: Golden Bell Press, Eighth Edition, Thirty-fourth printing, Western Guideways, Ltd., 2001.
- Danneman, Herbert (2000). "Colorado Rail Annual No. 24: A ticket to Ride the Narrow Gauge." Golden, Colorado: Published and distributed by the Colorado Railroad Museum.
- Brown, Michael (2011). "The Silverton Branch of the D&RGW and The Mears Short Lines." Published and distributed by lulu press. First edition 2011.
# External links.
- Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
- D&RGW-related Steam Locomotive Rosters | 6,136,447 |
2568819 | Kempul | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kempul | Kempul
Kempul
A component of the Javanese gamelan, the kempul is a set of pitched, hanging, knobbed gongs, often made of bronze, wood, and cords. Ranging from seven to ten inches in diameter, the kempul gong has a flat surface with a protruding knob at the center and is played by hitting the knob with the "soft end of a mallet." "The wooden mallet used has a ball shape head with heavy padding on a short wooden handle. The number of kempul gongs present in a gamelan ensemble varies but, "although there can be two to ten kempul on one separate rack, it is common to have five kempul hanging on the same rack as the Gong ageng and gong siyem" (two larger gongs).
# Kempul in music.
"Generally, the instruments | 6,136,448 |
2568819 | Kempul | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kempul | Kempul
in a gamelan orchestra may fall into the following three functional categories:
- 1. Instruments that delineate the structure of the piece;
- 2. Instruments that guide temporal flow of the music;
- 3. Instruments that carry melodies in both simple and elaborate forms"
"Instruments in the first category include large and medium hanging gongs (Gong ageng and gong suwukan), small hanging gongs (kempul), large standing gongs (kenong), and a pair of small standing gongs (kethuk-kempyang)." "The role of the kempul is to divide the nongans, which are the contents of each part between strikes of a kenong."
"In the middle of the gamelan, the 'skeletal' melody called the balungan is played on bronze | 6,136,449 |
2568819 | Kempul | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kempul | Kempul
metallophones. The balungan is puntuated by the larger gongs (gong and kempul) and horizontally-mounted gongs (kenong, kethuk, and kempyang) at the back of the gamelan." "The kempul, a middle voice gong, punctuates half way to the mid-points of the metric cycle, which is played by the kenong (the kettle gongs)." In all the central Javanese traditions, the pieces known as Ayak-ayakan, Srepegan, and Sampak are united by a single relationship between kempul and kenong: one kempul beat coinciding with every second kenong beat."
# Tuning.
"There are two racks of gongs in a gamelan orchestra because of the two gamelan scales or laras." "These two tuning systems are called slendro and pelog, thus | 6,136,450 |
2568819 | Kempul | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kempul | Kempul
e called slendro and pelog, thus the full gamelan is actually a double set. Usually the slendro set faces the front and the pelog set the side." The two sets are never played simultaneously. "The slendro tuning consists of five notes per octave and the five intervals consist of small and medium steps. The pelog has seven pitches per octave"
"In the older ensembles of east Java, one usually finds only one kempul, tuned to a pitch 6 or pitch 5, and one Gong ageng, with no siyem or gong suwukan. Following the augmentation of ensembles in central Java over the last century, however, the east Javanese have added one or two siyem and three or four kempul for each tuning system in many ensembles." | 6,136,451 |
2568825 | Moslem Bahadori | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moslem%20Bahadori | Moslem Bahadori
Moslem Bahadori
Moslem Bahadori () (born 1927 in Mazandaran, Tonekabon, Iran) is a contemporary Iranian medical scientist, distinguished pathologist and a university lecturer. In 1973, Bahadori along with Averill Abraham Liebow, reported the first case of plasma cell granuloma, a benign tumor of the lung.
# Education and career.
He studied medicine at medical school, Tehran University (1954), and specialized in pathology at the Department of Pathology, Tehran University (1957). He did his post-graduate studies at Cardiff University (1959).
Bahadori is an expert on Cardiopulmonary pathology. Bahadori was one of the youngest faculty members of Tehran University who has been promoted to full | 6,136,452 |
2568825 | Moslem Bahadori | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moslem%20Bahadori | Moslem Bahadori
professorship. He was also an invited lecturer and Fulbright Visiting Professor at University of California San Diego.
He is also a member of Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences and Chairman, Section on Basic Medical Sciences. Prof Bahadori was a member of editorial boards of several scientific journals including "American Journal of Cardiovascular Pathology" and "Archives of Iranian Medicine".
Bahadori devoted his life to the development of basic and clinical medical sciences in Iran and also to the development of scientific Persian language. His role in the development of modern medicine in Iran and medical education was significant.
He is a representative of Iran in World Health Organization | 6,136,453 |
2568825 | Moslem Bahadori | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moslem%20Bahadori | Moslem Bahadori
Iranian Medicine".
Bahadori devoted his life to the development of basic and clinical medical sciences in Iran and also to the development of scientific Persian language. His role in the development of modern medicine in Iran and medical education was significant.
He is a representative of Iran in World Health Organization (WHO). Bahadori is now Emeritus Professor of School of Medicine, Tehran University.
# Awards.
- Iran's Eternal Figure
- Permanent member of Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences
# See also.
- Iranian science
- History of Pathology in Iran
- Intellectual movements in Iran
- Contemporary Medicine in Iran
# External links.
- Moslem Bahadori's publications in pubmed | 6,136,454 |
2568788 | Mont-Tramelan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mont-Tramelan | Mont-Tramelan
Mont-Tramelan
Mont-Tramelan is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura ("Jura Bernois"). While the majority of the population speaks German, the German form of the municipality name, "Tramlingen-Berg", is no longer used. Even though it is in the French-speaking part of the canton of Bern, there is a German public school.
# History.
Around 1570 the Prince-Bishop of Basel allowed Anabaptist refugees from the Emmental to settle in the seigniory of Erguel, including in the area that would become Mont-Tramelan. The farms in the area were part of the parish of Tramelan, which adopted the Reformed | 6,136,455 |
2568788 | Mont-Tramelan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mont-Tramelan | Mont-Tramelan
faith in 1530. At the beginning of the 17th Century, a family from Neuchâtel founded the community which was known as "Montagnes de la paroisse de Tramelan". The earliest record of the community is from 1647 when it was known simply as "la Montagne". In 1685 it was acknowledged by the Bishop. Following the 1798 French invasion, Mont-Tramelan became a commune under French rule. It remained under French authority until 1814 and in following year became part of the Canton of Bern.
During the 19th century, the watch making industry flourished in the French-speaking Jura region. The majority of the francophone families of Mont-Tramelan abandoned their farms and moved to the nearby watch making towns, | 6,136,456 |
2568788 | Mont-Tramelan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mont-Tramelan | Mont-Tramelan
leaving a German-speaking majority in the villages. In 1897, the formerly private Baptist school in the village became a German-speaking public school for the municipality. A new German speaking school was built in 1953. In 1942, German became the official municipal language. This decision created a German-speaking enclave in a French-speaking district at a time when the Jurassic separatism movement was beginning to grow.
In 1938 Mont-Tramelan joined the Syndicat des eaux Franches-Montagnes which built a pump station at Cortébert to supply water to the municipalities and farms of the region. Agriculture is still the main source of income of the population.
# Geography.
Mont-Tramelan has an | 6,136,457 |
2568788 | Mont-Tramelan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mont-Tramelan | Mont-Tramelan
area of . Of this area, or 60.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 38.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 2.8% is settled (buildings or roads).
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.7%. Out of the forested land, 29.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 8.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 4.8% is used for growing crops and 52.1% is pastures and 3.0% is used for alpine pastures.
It consists of several scattered settlements (Les Fontaines, La Paule und Les Places) which are all about above sea level.
On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's | 6,136,458 |
2568788 | Mont-Tramelan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mont-Tramelan | Mont-Tramelan
former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.
# Coat of arms.
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is "Gules on a Bend sinister Argent three Linden Leaves of the first issuant from chief and a Mount of 3 Coupeaux of the second."
# Demographics.
Mont-Tramelan has a population () of . , 0.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of -6.2%. Migration accounted for -4.7%, while births and deaths accounted for -1.6%.
Most of the population () speaks German (82 or 70.7%) as their first language, French is the second | 6,136,459 |
2568788 | Mont-Tramelan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mont-Tramelan | Mont-Tramelan
most common (30 or 25.9%) and Serbo-Croatian is the third (3 or 2.6%).
, the population was 46.7% male and 53.3% female. The population was made up of 55 Swiss men (45.8% of the population) and 1 (0.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 64 Swiss women (53.3%) and (0.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 62 or about 53.4% were born in Mont-Tramelan and lived there in 2000. There were 38 or 32.8% who were born in the same canton, while 6 or 5.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 10 or 8.6% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0-19 years old) make up 27.5% of the population, while adults (20-64 years old) make up 52.5% and seniors (over 64 years | 6,136,460 |
2568788 | Mont-Tramelan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mont-Tramelan | Mont-Tramelan
old) make up 20%.
, there were 45 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 65 married individuals, 6 widows or widowers and individuals who are divorced.
, there were 7 households that consist of only one person and 5 households with five or more people. , a total of 41 apartments (82.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 8 apartments (16.0%) were seasonally occupied and one apartment was empty.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
# Politics.
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 36.4% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Evangelical People's | 6,136,461 |
2568788 | Mont-Tramelan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mont-Tramelan | Mont-Tramelan
Party (EVP) and the Christian Social Party (CSP) (both with 24.1%) and the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (13.7%). In the federal election, a total of 63 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 60.6%.
# Economy.
, Mont-Tramelan had an unemployment rate of 0.38%. , there were a total of 56 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 49 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 14 businesses involved in this sector. 1 person was employed in the secondary sector and there was 1 business in this sector. 6 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 2 businesses in this sector.
, there were 3 workers who commuted into the municipality and 22 workers who | 6,136,462 |
2568788 | Mont-Tramelan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mont-Tramelan | Mont-Tramelan
commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 7.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 1.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 31.3% used a private car.
# Religion.
From the , 8 or 6.9% were Roman Catholic, while 30 or 25.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 4 members of an Orthodox church (or about 3.45% of the population), and there were 132 individuals (or about 113.79% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. 7 (or about 6.03% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 1 individual (or about 0.86% of the population) | 6,136,463 |
2568788 | Mont-Tramelan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mont-Tramelan | Mont-Tramelan
did not answer the question.
# Education.
In Mont-Tramelan about 42 or (36.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 11 or (9.5%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a "Fachhochschule"). Of the 11 who completed tertiary schooling, 63.6% were Swiss men, 27.3% were Swiss women.
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an | 6,136,464 |
2568788 | Mont-Tramelan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mont-Tramelan | Mont-Tramelan
an apprenticeship.
Even though the municipality is in a French-speaking district, the municipal school is German speaking. During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 23 students attending classes in Mont-Tramelan. There were no kindergarten classes in the municipality. The municipality had one primary class and 16 students. Of the primary students 12.5% do not speak German as their mother language. During the same year, there was one lower secondary class with a total of 7 students of which 14.3% do not speak German as their mother language.
, there were 4 students in Mont-Tramelan who came from another municipality, while 11 residents attended schools outside the municipality. | 6,136,465 |
2568867 | Dubai Financial Market | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dubai%20Financial%20Market | Dubai Financial Market
Dubai Financial Market
The Dubai Financial Market (DFM) () is a stock exchange located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It was founded on March 26, 2000.
# Overview.
, there are 67 companies listed on DFM. Most of them are UAE-based companies and a few others are dual listings for companies based in other MENA region countries. Foreign companies are from the following countries: Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, and Sudan. Many companies allow foreigners to own their shares.
During 2004 and 2005, there were significant increases in the volume of shares traded and the share prices of many companies. However, towards the end of 2005 and through the first few months of 2006 the bubble burst and share values | 6,136,466 |
2568867 | Dubai Financial Market | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dubai%20Financial%20Market | Dubai Financial Market
dropped by around 60% on DFM, along with similar decreases in most other Persian Gulf stock markets.
DFM is one of three stock exchanges in the UAE. Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX) also lists mostly UAE companies and NASDAQ Dubai was set up to trade international stocks.
DFM and ADX are both governed and regulated by the Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA). SCA has the authority to impose laws and standards in which DFM and ADX have to comply with. SCA’s role is to ensure that the laws are followed by the exchanges as well as to protect investors’, brokers’ and listed companies’ rights.
On the other hand, NASDAQ Dubai is governed to international standards by an independent regulator | 6,136,467 |
2568867 | Dubai Financial Market | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dubai%20Financial%20Market | Dubai Financial Market
called the Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA), which is equivalent to the Securities and Exchange Commission in the U.S. Unlike DFM and ADX, NASDAQ Dubai, located in Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), is an electronic exchange with no trading floor.
DFM was a fully owned by Dubai government until November 2006 when it turned into a public joint-stock company through an IPO, which led to sell 20% of its shares to public and 80% were subscribed by Borse Dubai, which is owned by Dubai government. As a matter of fact, DFM’s IPO has been oversubscribed by 118 times.
Like the revenue, DFM's net profit dropped sharply from the period ended 2007 till 2011. In 2007, DFM profits reached | 6,136,468 |
2568867 | Dubai Financial Market | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dubai%20Financial%20Market | Dubai Financial Market
1,439.6 million including none operational profits coming from IPO of AED 468 million. In 2008, profits were AED 605 million. The next year, in 2009, the profit dropped even further and reached 346.62. In 2010, another drop took place and profits reached AED 79 million. In 2011, DFM recorded a loss of AED 6.45 million. From the trend, one can imply that the situation is not improving, but is deteriorating year after year. DFM BOD members, executives, and managers are working hard to get out DFM from this unforeseen dilemma.
Due to the consistent efforts of the DFM BOD members and management team, DFM was able to turn over the situation in 2013 and gain a +608.5% growth in net profits, to become | 6,136,469 |
2568867 | Dubai Financial Market | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dubai%20Financial%20Market | Dubai Financial Market
AED 285 million from the AED 35 million in the previous year. and the following year the market have occurred profits of AED 759 million with a growth rate of 166.3%. The next three years the market saw a sharp decline in profit to hit AED, 233.5 million in 2017.
# Listed companies.
## Banks.
Please note that Emirates Bank International (EBI) and National Bank of Dubai (NBD) had been merged to form a holding company to run both entities named Emirates National Bank of Dubai (ENBD), this merger resulted in cancelling both shares and issuing a new one listed on the October 16, 2007.
Both AMLAK and TAMWEEL were suspended from trading since the November 23, 2008 as they announced a merger action.
## | 6,136,470 |
2568867 | Dubai Financial Market | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dubai%20Financial%20Market | Dubai Financial Market
company to run both entities named Emirates National Bank of Dubai (ENBD), this merger resulted in cancelling both shares and issuing a new one listed on the October 16, 2007.
Both AMLAK and TAMWEEL were suspended from trading since the November 23, 2008 as they announced a merger action.
## Insurance.
Please note that as of July 27, 2009, the trading symbol for the Islamic Arab Insurance company (IAIC) will be changed into SALAMA.
## Services.
Also, those securities listed on NASDAQ Dubai are included on the exchange.
# See also.
- List of company registers
# External links.
- Dubai Share Talk – discussion forum for investors in the UAE
- Share Wadi – information about UAE stocks | 6,136,471 |
2568820 | Ivan Gonta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan%20Gonta | Ivan Gonta
Ivan Gonta
Ivan Gonta (; died 1768) was one of the leaders of the Koliyivschyna, an armed rebellion of Cossacks against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Born in Rożyszki (modern Rozsishky) near Uman' in Bracław Voivodship, Gonta served as a sotnik (captain) of Cossack household militia of Franciszek Salezy Potocki, the Voivode of Kiev and commanded a small garrison of Uman since 1757. During the Koliivshchyna he was ordered to fight the approaching haidamaka forces of Maksym Zalizniak. Instead, he and his militia joined the rebels, and the joint forces captured and ravaged the town of Uman on June 21, 1768. In what became known as the Massacre of Uman, thousands of local Polish szlachta, | 6,136,472 |
2568820 | Ivan Gonta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan%20Gonta | Ivan Gonta
Jews and Uniates were slaughtered. After that, Gonta was proclaimed colonel and commanded the garrison of Uman.
Fearing that the rebellion would spread into her domain, Catherine the Great, the Empress of Russia, dispatched a regiment of Don Cossacks to help Poland suppress the rebellion. The commander of the Russian unit, a certain Guriev, made the Cossacks believe he was siding with them and managed to capture approximately 900 of them without a single shot. After that, Ivan Gonta was handed over to the Poles and was tried for high treason. Sentenced to death by grand Crown Hetman Jan Klemens Branicki, he was then executed in the village of Serby (modern Gontivka) in the Podolian Voivodship. | 6,136,473 |
2568820 | Ivan Gonta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan%20Gonta | Ivan Gonta
was handed over to the Poles and was tried for high treason. Sentenced to death by grand Crown Hetman Jan Klemens Branicki, he was then executed in the village of Serby (modern Gontivka) in the Podolian Voivodship. As an added measure, his body was partitioned and nailed to gallows in 14 towns of Podolia.
Although largely non-notable during his life, after his death he became a hero of countless folk songs and legends that portrayed him as a hero and a martyr. He was immortalized in Taras Shevchenko's controversial epic poem "Haidamaky".
# In popular culture.
- Taras Shevchenko's dedicated including Gonta epic poem «Haidamaky».
# External links.
- Ivan Gonta at Encyclopedia of Ukrainebr | 6,136,474 |
2568872 | Southern Daily Echo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20Daily%20Echo | Southern Daily Echo
Southern Daily Echo
The Southern Daily Echo, more commonly known as the Daily Echo or simply The Echo, is a regional tabloid newspaper based in Southampton, covering the county of Hampshire in the United Kingdom. The newspaper is owned by Newsquest, one of the largest publishers of local newspapers in the country, which is in turn owned by Gannett. It began publication in August 1888 and a website has been in existence since 1998.
Publication of the print edition is from Monday to Saturday and there is one edition a day, down from six editions a day in 2006. The "Echo" was initially a daily newspaper before becoming an evening paper and changing its name to the Evening Echo on 1 July 1958. | 6,136,475 |
2568872 | Southern Daily Echo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20Daily%20Echo | Southern Daily Echo
It returned to being the "Daily Echo again" on 10 January 1994.
The "Echo" is currently the only paid-for local newspaper covering the city of Southampton.
The editorial position is that of a politically neutral publication.
On Saturdays, the "Daily Echo" produced Sports Pink is also sold. This is used for the reporting of sport stories regularly involving local sports team Southampton Football Club. This is one of only two surviving 'local football papers' which used to be common throughout the UK.
Local sister publications include the "Hampshire Chronicle", "Basingstoke Gazette", "Romsey Advertiser" and "Bournemouth Daily Echo".
The Southampton Advertiser was a free paper that was printed | 6,136,476 |
2568872 | Southern Daily Echo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20Daily%20Echo | Southern Daily Echo
and had an online publication that was owned by the same company however it was not a part of the Daily Echo.
The newspaper moved to its current main offices in the Redbridge area of Southampton in 1997, with district offices in Winchester. The former city centre offices of the "Daily Echo" are now the site of the Above Bar entrance to the WestQuay Shopping Centre, which opened in 2000.
The "Southern Daily Echo" was named Newspaper of the Year 2009 and 2011, and Campaigning Newspaper of the Year 2011 at the annual EDF Energy South East and London Media Awards.
The newspaper's website, dailyecho.co.uk, won Website of the Year at the 2012 EDF Energy South East and London Media Awards.
The | 6,136,477 |
2568872 | Southern Daily Echo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20Daily%20Echo | Southern Daily Echo
with district offices in Winchester. The former city centre offices of the "Daily Echo" are now the site of the Above Bar entrance to the WestQuay Shopping Centre, which opened in 2000.
The "Southern Daily Echo" was named Newspaper of the Year 2009 and 2011, and Campaigning Newspaper of the Year 2011 at the annual EDF Energy South East and London Media Awards.
The newspaper's website, dailyecho.co.uk, won Website of the Year at the 2012 EDF Energy South East and London Media Awards.
The current editor is Gordon Sutter who has edited the newspaper since March 2017.
# External links.
- Southern Daily Echo website
- Daily Echo on Twitter
- Daily Echo on Facebook
- Daily Echo on Google+ | 6,136,478 |
2568785 | La Heutte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Heutte | La Heutte
La Heutte
La Heutte is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura ("Jura Bernois"). On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Péry and La Heutte merged to form the new municipality of Péry-La Heutte.
# History.
La Heutte was first mentioned in 1393 as "Hütte". It was first called by the current name in 1727.
A "glass-hut" or glassworks was mentioned in the area as part of a fief of the d'Orsans family in 1370. While a village was not mentioned then, by 1393 a village had grown around the glassworks. It was part of the seigniory of Erguel in the Diocese of Basel. It was part of the | 6,136,479 |
2568785 | La Heutte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Heutte | La Heutte
parish of Péry. So La Heutte adopted the Protestant Reformation in 1530, when Biel converted the entire parish of Péry to the new faith. During the 18th century, Biel attempted to expand its power, which caused frequent conflicts with the neighboring villages, including La Heutte.
The first glass factory, at Le Van north of the village, dates from before 1370. Another glass factory opened in the valley at the end of the 15th century and remained in operation until the early 17th century. Between 1650 and 1750 the village expanded toward the Suze river as the population grew. A thriving pottery industry and a large mill developed along the river. The first school was built in the 1839. In 1876 | 6,136,480 |
2568785 | La Heutte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Heutte | La Heutte
a train station was built in the village, which encouraged the growth of the watch industry. Two years later, the Ammann watch factory opened in the old Bendit mill. In 1895 the Urania Watch Company replaced Ammann in the mill. It was, in turn, replaced by the Weber wire drawing factory in 1938. During a watchmaking boom between 1950 and 1974, numerous small watch and watch part workshops opened in the village. The A16 motorway connected La Heutte with Biel in 1985, transforming the village into a bedroom community.
In 1995 about a dozen tracks of three-toed dinosaurs were discovered in the municipality.
# Geography.
La Heutte is located in the lower part of Vallon de Saint-Imier, from the | 6,136,481 |
2568785 | La Heutte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Heutte | La Heutte
town of Biel/Bienne. It is located in the narrow Suze valley that lies on the old Roman road between "Augusta Raurica" (Augst) und "Petinesca" (Studen).
Before the merger, La Heutte had a total area of . Of this area, or 24.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 64.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 9.2% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.4% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.6% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 4.0%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.8% of the area Out of the forested land, 62.7% of the total land area is heavily forested | 6,136,482 |
2568785 | La Heutte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Heutte | La Heutte
and 2.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 5.9% is used for growing crops and 9.5% is pastures and 9.0% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.
# Coat of arms.
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is "Gules on a Base Sable a Glassworks Argent roofed of the second."
# Demographics.
La Heutte had a population (as of 2013) of 485. , 11.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last | 6,136,483 |
2568785 | La Heutte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Heutte | La Heutte
10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of -1.6%. Migration accounted for -5.1%, while births and deaths accounted for 4.1%.
Most of the population () speaks French (367 or 75.2%) as their first language, German is the second most common (98 or 20.1%) and Spanish is the third (14 or 2.9%). There are 8 people who speak Italian.
, the population was 52.6% male and 47.4% female. The population was made up of 226 Swiss men (46.8% of the population) and 28 (5.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 201 Swiss women (41.6%) and 28 (5.8%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 131 or about 26.8% were born in La Heutte and lived there in 2000. There were 207 or 42.4% who were | 6,136,484 |
2568785 | La Heutte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Heutte | La Heutte
born in the same canton, while 74 or 15.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 63 or 12.9% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 57.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 18.2%.
, there were 171 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 261 married individuals, 30 widows or widowers and 26 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 36 households that consist of only one person and 11 households with five or more people. , a total of 194 apartments (86.2% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 20 apartments (8.9%) were seasonally occupied | 6,136,485 |
2568785 | La Heutte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Heutte | La Heutte
and 11 apartments (4.9%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.39%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
# Heritage sites of national significance.
The Le Van, a medieval glass factory, is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.
# Politics.
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 32.7% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (28.5%), the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (9.3%) and the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (9.3%). In the federal election, a total of 127 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 36.6%.
# | 6,136,486 |
2568785 | La Heutte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Heutte | La Heutte
Economy.
, La Heutte had an unemployment rate of 1.74%. , there were a total of 72 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 10 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 4 businesses involved in this sector. 11 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 3 businesses in this sector. 51 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 9 businesses in this sector.
, there were 28 workers who commuted into the municipality and 224 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 8.0 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 20.1% used public transportation to get to work, | 6,136,487 |
2568785 | La Heutte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Heutte | La Heutte
and 65.1% used a private car.
# Religion.
From the , 127 or 26.0% were Roman Catholic, while 282 or 57.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 28 individuals (or about 5.74% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Islamic. There were 1 individual who belonged to another church. 45 (or about 9.22% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 16 individuals (or about 3.28% of the population) did not answer the question.
# Education.
In La Heutte about 204 or (41.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 34 or (7.0%) have completed | 6,136,488 |
2568785 | La Heutte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Heutte | La Heutte
additional higher education (either university or a "Fachhochschule"). Of the 34 who completed tertiary schooling, 55.9% were Swiss men, 23.5% were Swiss women, 14.7% were non-Swiss men.
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 50 students attending classes in La Heutte. There was one kindergarten class with a total | 6,136,489 |
2568785 | La Heutte | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Heutte | La Heutte
ol year, there were a total of 50 students attending classes in La Heutte. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 14 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 14.3% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 21.4% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 2 primary classes and 36 students. Of the primary students, 16.7% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 27.8% have a different mother language than the classroom language.
, there were 21 students from La Heutte who attended schools outside the municipality.
# External links.
- La Heutte Municipality Website | 6,136,490 |
2568779 | Cortébert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cortébert | Cortébert
Cortébert
Cortébert is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking part of the canton in the Jura mountains.
# History.
Cortébert is first mentioned in 1178 as "Cortaibert".
In 1179 the cathedral chapters of Saint-Imier and Moutier-Grandval are listed as major land owners in Cortébert. The Seignory of Erguel held the village as a fief for the Diocese of Basel.
In 1530 Biel introduced the Protestant Reformation into the parish of Corgémont which included the village of Cortébert.
During the Early Modern era the village had a successful agricultural and small scale handicraft economy. A number of houses | 6,136,491 |
2568779 | Cortébert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cortébert | Cortébert
and workshops were built during the 16th through 19th century, many of which still exist in the center of the village. In 1865, the watch manufacturer Raiguel Juillard et Cie opened a factory in the village. It was later renamed Cortébert Watch & Co. The watch factory changed the entire socio-economic structure of the village. A village school opened in 1872, though it and the municipal archives were both destroyed in a fire in 1959. A train station opened in 1874, followed by a Reformed chapel in 1902. In 1938 a pumping station was built in the municipality which provided water to the villages in the Franches-Montagnes plateau. However, in the 1930s, during the Great Depression, demand for | 6,136,492 |
2568779 | Cortébert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cortébert | Cortébert
watches plummeted which devastated the municipal economy. Cortébert Watch struggled to remain in operation until 1962 when it finally closed. In the 1990s, a new industrial and shopping zone was created in the west of the village.
# Geography.
Cortébert has an area of . Of this area, or 49.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 47.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 3.2% is settled (buildings or roads) and or 0.1% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.4%. Out of the forested land, 42.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 5.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. | 6,136,493 |
2568779 | Cortébert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cortébert | Cortébert
Of the agricultural land, 13.3% is used for growing crops and 9.1% is pastures and 26.8% is used for alpine pastures.
It consists of the village of Cortébert and the hamlet of Prés de Cortébert.
On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.
# Coat of arms.
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is "Argent on a Bend wavy Azure a Trout of the first." The trout symbolizes the numerous fish of the nearby Suze river.
# Demographics.
Cortébert has a population () of . , 10.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the | 6,136,494 |
2568779 | Cortébert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cortébert | Cortébert
last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of -2.9%. Migration accounted for -4.8%, while births and deaths accounted for 2.6%.
Most of the population () speaks French (527 or 73.8%) as their first language, German is the second most common (133 or 18.6%) and Italian is the third (23 or 3.2%). There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.
, the population was 51.8% male and 48.2% female. The population was made up of 322 Swiss men (45.8% of the population) and 42 (6.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 305 Swiss women (43.4%) and 34 (4.8%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 206 or about 28.9% were born in Cortébert and lived there in 2000. There were 228 or 31.9% | 6,136,495 |
2568779 | Cortébert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cortébert | Cortébert
who were born in the same canton, while 124 or 17.4% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 125 or 17.5% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 22.2% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.7% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.1%.
, there were 299 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 336 married individuals, 39 widows or widowers and 40 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 87 households that consist of only one person and 25 households with five or more people. , a total of 286 apartments (84.4% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 31 apartments (9.1%) were | 6,136,496 |
2568779 | Cortébert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cortébert | Cortébert
seasonally occupied and 22 apartments (6.5%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 4.14%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
# Sights.
The entire village of Cortébert is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
# Politics.
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 35.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (23.3%), the Green Party (10.8%) and the FDP.The Liberals (7.9%). In the federal election, a total of 178 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 35.7%.
# Economy.
, Cortébert had an unemployment rate of 2.2%. | 6,136,497 |
2568779 | Cortébert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cortébert | Cortébert
, there were a total of 186 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 50 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 18 businesses involved in this sector. 50 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 8 businesses in this sector. 86 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 22 businesses in this sector.
, there were 32 workers who commuted into the municipality and 272 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 8.5 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 17.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 58.1% used a private car.
# Religion.
From the | 6,136,498 |
2568779 | Cortébert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cortébert | Cortébert
, 186 or 26.1% were Roman Catholic, while 361 or 50.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 2 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.28% of the population), there were 4 individuals (or about 0.56% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 69 individuals (or about 9.66% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 24 (or about 3.36% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 6 individuals who were Buddhist and 1 individual who belonged to another church. 74 (or about 10.36% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 21 individuals (or about 2.94% of | 6,136,499 |
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